Chapter 3 Answers

Practice 3-1
1. corresponding angles 2. alternate interior angles 3. same-side interior angles 4. alternate interior angles 5. same-side interior angles 6. corresponding angles 7. 1 and 5, 2 and 6, 3 and 8, 4 and 7 8. 4 and 6, 3 and 5 9. 4 and 5, 3 and 6 10. m1 = 100, alternate interior angles; m2 = 100, corresponding angles or vertical angles 11. m1 = 75,

Practice 3-4
1. 125 2. 69 3. 143 4. 129 5. 140 6. 136 7. x = 35; y = 145; z = 25 8. a = 55; b = 97; c = 83 9. v = 118; w = 37; t = 62 10. 50 11. 88 12. m3 = 22; m4 = 22; m5 = 88 13. 57.1 14. 136 15. m1 = 33; m2 = 52 16. isosceles 17. obtuse scalene 18. right scalene 19. obtuse isosceles 20. equiangular equilateral

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alternate interior angles; m2 = 75, vertical angles or corresponding angles 12. m1 = 135, corresponding angles; m2 = 135, vertical angles 13. x = 103; 77, 103 14. x = 24; 12, 168 15. x = 30; 85, 85 16a. Alternate Interior Angles Theorem 16b. Vertical angles are congruent. 16c. Transitive Property of Congruence

Practice 3-5
1. x = 120; y = 60 2. n = 513 3. a = 108; b = 72 7 4. 109 5. 133 6. 129 7. 129 8. 47 9. 127 10. 30 11. 150 12. 6 13. 5 14. 8 15. BEDC 16. FAE 17. FAE and BAE 18. ABCDE 19. 20

Practice 3-2

1a. same-side interior 1b. QR 1c. TS 1d. * same-side interior 1e. Same-Side Interior Angles ) 1f. TS 1g. 3-5 2. l and m, Converse of Same-Side Interior Angles Theorem 3. none 4. BC and AD , Converse of Same-Side Interior Angles Theorem 5. RT
and HU , Converse of Corresponding Angles Postulate 6. BH and CI, Converse of Corresponding Angles Postulate 7. a and b, Converse of Same-Side Interior Angles Theorem 8. 43 9. 90 10. 38 11. 100 12. 70 13. 48

* )

* )

Practice 3-6
1. y = 1 3x - 7 4. y 9.
6 4 2 642 2 6
1 = -2 x -

2. y = -2x + 12
3

3. y = 7x - 18 6. y = 4 5x - 2
y
6 4 2

5. y

3 = 1 6x - 2

7. y = 4x - 13
y

8. y = -x + 6 10.
y 4x 1

Practice 3-3
1. True. Every avenue will be parallel to Founders Avenue, and therefore every avenue will be perpendicular to Center City Boulevard, and therefore every avenue will be perpendicular to any street that is parallel to Center City Boulevard. 2. Not necessarily true. No information has been given about the spacing of the streets. 3. True. The fact that one intersection is perpendicular, plus the fact that every street belongs to one of two groups of parallel streets, is enough to guarantee that all intersections are perpendicular. 4. True. Opposite sides of each block must be of the same type (avenue or boulevard), and adjacent sides must be of opposite type. 5. Not necessarily true. If there are more than three avenues and more than three boulevards, there will be some blocks bordered by neither Center City Boulevard nor Founders Avenue. 6. a e 7. a || e 8. a || e 9. a e 10. a e 11. a || e 12. If the number of statements is even, then 1 || n. If it is odd, then 1 n. 13. The proof can instead use alternate interior angles or alternate exterior angles (if the angles are congruent, the lines are parallel) or same-side interior or same-side exterior angles (if the angles are supplementary, the lines are parallel). 14. It is possible.
l2 l1

2 4 6 x

2 4 6 x 642 2 4 6 y 1 x 5 4

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11.

y 1 x 2
3

y
6 4 2 2 4 6

12.
x
6 4 2 642 4 6

y yx1

642 2 4 6

2 4 6 x

13.

6 y 2x 7 4 2 64 2 2 4 6 2 4 6 x

14.

6 y 2x 3 4 2 642 2 2 4 6 x

15.
4 2 64 2 2 4 6

y 16. y 3x 5
4

2 6 y x2 3 4 6 2 2 4 6 2 4 6 x

x
2 4 6

l3

Geometry Chapter 3

Answers

39

Chapter 3 Answers
17.
y
6 4 y 5x 4 2 642 4 6 2 4 6 x

(continued)
y
6 4 2

18.

41.

y
6 4 2 (4, 0) 2 4 6 x 642 2 4 (0, 4) 6

42.

y
6 4 2 (0, 1) (8, 0) 642 2 4 6 2 4 6 8 x

6x 642 2 2 1 4 y 2 x 3 6

19.
x 2
64 6 4 2 2 4 6

20.
y 2x
6 4

43.

y
12 (0, 12) 10

44.
6 4 2 6 42 2 4 6

(0, 6) (9, 0) x

2 4 6 x

642 2 4 6

2 4 6 x

6 4 (3, 0) 2 6 2 2 2 4 6 x 4 6

2 4 6 8

21.
6 4 2

22.
6 4 2 642 4 6

y yx
2 4 6 x

45a. m = $0.10

2 4 6 x 642 2 4 6

y 5 y

45b. the amount of money the worker is paid for each box loaded onto the truck 45c. b = $3.90 45d. the base amount the worker is paid per hour 46. y = -2 5x + 8

23.
6 4 2 y 3x 2 2 642 2 4 6

24.
6 4 2

y x 2.5
2 4 6 x

Practice 3-7
1 1 1. neither; 3 2 3 ,3 ? 3 2 -1 2. perpendicular; 1 2 ? 2 = 1 3. parallel; = -2 4. parallel; 2 3 3 -1 = -1 5. perpendicular; y = 2 is a horizontal line, 1 x = 0 is a vertical line 6. parallel; -1 2 = -2 1 2 7. neither; 1 2 8 ,1 ? 1 8. parallel; -2 8 2 -1 3 = -3 1 9. perpendicular; -1 ? 1 = -1 10. neither; 2 2 5 1 7 7 2 2 -3 , 2 ? 5 2 1 11. neither; 3 3 2 -12, -3 ? -12 2 -1 1 1 12. neither; 6 2 -5, 6 ? -5 2 -1 9 13. neither; 2 2 4, 9 2 ? 4 2 -1 1 2 14. parallel; 2 = 1 15. y = 3 x 2 4 16. y = -3 x + 24 y 17. y = -x - 3 6 4 18. y = 3 5x + 6 2 19. y = 0 64 L 4 6 x 20. y = 2x - 4 4 21. y = 2x

2 4 6 x

642 2 4 6

1x - 3 25. y = 3x + 13 26. y = x + 4 27. y = 2 1 1 28. y = -2 x - 2 29. y = 2x + 4 30. y = 1 3x + 4 6 1 31. y = -5 x - 5 32. y = -6x + 45 33. x = 2; y = -11 34. x = 0; y = 2 35. x = -4; y = -4 36. x = -1; y = 8

37.

y
6 4 (4, 0) 2 6 x 642 2 2 4 6 8 10 12 (0, 12)

38.
(2, 0) 6
4 2

6 4 2 2 4 6 x 2 4 6 (0, 1)

Practice 3-8
1.3.
Q

4.6.

39.

y 6 (0, 6)
4 2 642 2 4 6 2 4 6 x

40.
6

y
4 1 ( 2, 0) 2 (0, 2) 642 4 6 2 4 6 x

(6, 0)

40

Answers

Geometry Chapter 3

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Chapter 3 Answers
7.9.
K

(continued)
14. Sample:

b c

10. Sample: 15.

b

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a a

11. Sample:
a b

Reteaching 3-1
c

1a.1b. Sample:
60

12.
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1c.1d. Sample:
b b b 120 60 60 120 120 60 60 120

2. 110 7. 70

3. 70 8. 110

4. 110

5. 110

6. 70

Reteaching 3-2
13. 1.
l6m Given
a

1 3 If 6 lines, then corresponding s are . 2 and 3 are supplementary. Denition of supplementary

m3 = m2 = 180 Substitution
c

m1 + m2 = 180 Angle Addition Postulate

Geometry Chapter 3

Answers

41

Chapter 3 Answers
2. 2 3
Given

(continued)
1 15. y = 1 4x + 2 17. y = -x + 1

3 1 a6b Substitution If corresponding s, then lines are parallel.

16. y = -3 4x + 4 18. y = 1

Reteaching 3-7
1a. -2 1b. 1 2a. 1 2 4 3b. 0 4a. y = -2x + 4 4c.
4 2 2 O 2 4 2 4 x
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2 1 Vertical s are .

2b. -4 3a. undened 3 4b. y = 1 2x + 2

Reteaching 3-3
1. Draw a temporary line through A that is perpendicular to , then draw a second, permanent line through A that is perpendicular to the rst. This line will be parallel to . Repeat for B. The two permanent lines will be parallel not only to but to each other (Theorem 3-9). 2. Draw two perpendicular lines through C, then for each one draw a line perpendicular to it that runs through D. The four lines will dene a rectangle. 3. Draw a line that runs through both E and F, and then a second line at an acute or obtuse angle that runs through E. Draw a third line, parallel to the second and running through F, using the same procedure as in the Example and in Exercise 1. In the same way, draw a fourth line parallel to the rst (at any desired distance from it). The four lines will dene a parallelogram.

2 5a. y = -3 x-4 5c.

5b. y = 3 2x - 4
y 4 2

Reteaching 3-4
mCBE = 120, mCEB = 30, mBCE = 30; BDE: mBDE = 60, mDBE = 60, mBED = 60 2. DBE and ABC are acute, equiangular, and equilateral; ABD and CBE are isosceles and obtuse; ACE, ADE, CED, and CAD are right and scalene. 3. PQT: mPTQ = 45, mPQT = 90; PQR: mPQR = 90, mQPR = 45, mQRP = 45; RQS: mRQS = 90, mQSR = 45; SQT: mSQT = 90, mQST = 45, mSTQ = 45 4. PT = TS = RS = PR = 40 mm; PQ = QT = QR = QS = 28 mm 5. PQT, PQR, RQS, SQT, PRS, PTS, PRT, and RST are right and isosceles.

1. ABD: mABD = 120, mADB = 30; CBE:

2 O 2 4

x
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6a. y = 3x + 7 6c.

6b. y = -1 3x - 3
y 4 2

Reteaching 3-5
1. 1 and 2 are interior angles; 3 and 4 are exterior angles. 2. m1 = 135; m2 = 90; m3 = 45; m4 = 90 3. 1 is an interior angle; 2 and 4 are exterior angles; 3 is neither. 4. m1 = 60; m2 = 120;
m3 = 60; m4 = 120
4

2 O 2 4

Reteaching 3-6
Check students graphs. 1. y = 2x - 6 2. y = 1 3. y = -x - 3 3x 5 4. y = 6 x + 2 5. y = -1 x + 1 6. y = 1 2
2 7. y = -7 8. y = -x + 1 9. y = 5 x+1 2 x + 10 10. y = 1 11. y = -2x - 6 12. x = -3 13. y = -3x + 10 14. y = 3x - 10 2 7. mJK = -1; mLM = -1; parallel 8. mJK = 3 ; mLM = 3 1 1 -2 ; perpendicular 9. mJK = -6; mLM = -5 ; neither 4 10. mJK = -3 11. mJK = 2; mLM = 2 ; mLM = 5; neither 1 1 -2; perpendicular 12. mJK = 5; mLM = 5; neither 13. mJK = 1 ; m = -1 14. mJK undened; 4 4 ; parallel LM

mLM = 0; perpendicular

42

Answers

Geometry Chapter 3

Chapter 3 Answers
Reteaching 3-8
1. Sample:
Z

(continued)
8. Figures A and B ones, with precise control of the slant. would be easy, because the lines have no more than two or three different slants. Figure C would be harder, because lots of different slants are used to achieve the perspective effect.

Enrichment 3-4
1. 48 2. 2880 3. 4320 4. Angles have measures of 20, 70, or 90; AC 6 MD 6 LE 6 KF 6 JG; BM6 CH 6 NK; AH 6 PG; CM 6 DL 6 EK 6 JF 6 IG.

Enrichment 3-5
1. 2 2. 5 7. Number
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3. 9

4. 14

5. 20

6. 27

2.4. Check students work.

Enrichment ) * 3-1 )
1. OE * is # ) to AB .

2. 3, 5, 1, 4, 2, 6 or 4, 5, 1, 3, 2, 6; OE

3 4 5 6 7 8 9 ... n of sides Total 180 360 540 720 900 1080 1260 (n 2)180 degree measure Number of n(n 3) 0 2 5 9 14 20 27 2 diagonals

is # to AB ; if two angles are congruent and supplementary, then each measures 90. 3. 1 > 2; Law of Reection 4. 2 > 3; Alternate Interior Angles Theorem 5. 3 > 4; Law of Reection 6. 1 > 4; Transitive Property of Congruence

Enrichment 3-6
1.8.
8 3 5 A D y 1 T L H
E

4 2 6 M N

Enrichment 3-2
Because mBAC = 41, mCAF = 180 - 41 = 139; l 6 m because a pair of alternate interior angles are congruent. 6. CD and EF ; AK 7. Sample: CAB and IGH are corresponding angles related to parallel segments AB and GH . AK is the related transversal. 8. Sample: A, ADE, and AED form a triangle, so 180 - (43 + 76) = 61, so mAED = 61. Because AED and C are congruent corresponding angles, DE 6 BC by the Converse of the Corresponding Angles Postulate.

1. x = 11

2. 106

3. 33

4. 41

5. Sample:

B x

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K
Y

P S R

C 7

Enrichment 3-3
1. If the paper shifts during drawing, lines meant to be parallel
will not be parallel, and lines meant to be perpendicular will not be perpendicular. 2. The rectangular shape gives the T-square two perpendicular guide edges on which to line up. 3. Theorem 3-10, which says that if two lines are perpendicular to the same line, they are parallel to each other. A line drawn with the T-square is perpendicular to the edge on which the Tsquare is lined up. Two lines drawn with the T-square lined up on the same edge will be parallel to each other. 4. a d. If the T-square is used to draw a line perpendicular to a vertical edge of the rectangular backing surface, and then is used to draw a line perpendicular to a horizontal edge of the backing surface, then the two lines will be perpendicular. 5. Figure A would be easy; all the lines are parallel or perpendicular. Figures B and C would be hard to draw, since the lines are not all parallel or perpendicular to each other. 6. They will all be parallel to . 7. A drafting machine can be used to draw slanted lines, not just vertical and horizontal

RENE DESCARTES

Enrichment 3-7
1. (-3, 4) 2. (-2, 3) 3. (3, 3) 4. (-2, -2) 5. (-1, -1) 6. (4, -1) 7. (1, 0) 8. (2, -3) 9. (-1, 2) 10. (1, -4) 11. (-3, -3) 12. (2, 3) 13. (3, -2) 14. (5, 0) 15. (0, 1) 16. (4, 3)
y-axis 4 A 3 N 2 G 1 L 0 1 E 2 N I 3 4 L 4 3 2 1 0 R A Y

E N I O P 1 2 3 4

5 x-axis

Geometry Chapter 3

Answers

43

Chapter 3 Answers
Enrichment 3-8
1., 3., and 4.

(continued)
pentagons

hexagons B

Activity 3: Analyzing

2. scalene, acute triangle

Exercises 1, 3, and 4.

5. No; refer to the answer to

6.
E

Activity 4: Modeling
D F

7. isosceles, obtuse triangle

Chapter Project
Activity 1: Paper Folding
5; all triangles are right isosceles; yes.

Checkpoint Quiz 1
1. Converse of Corresponding Angles Postulate 2. Alternate Interior Angle Theorem 3. Same-Side Interior Angles Theorem 4. Corresponding Angles Postulate 5. Converse of Alternate Interior Angle Theorem 6. Vertical Angles Theorem 7. Converse of Corresponding Angles Postulate 8. Corresponding Angles Postulate 9. Converse of Same-Side Interior Angles Theorem 10. x = 50, y = 30, z = 65

Activity 2: Exploring
triangle

Checkpoint Quiz 2
quadrilaterals

1. pentagon; 80 2. hexagon; x = 110; y = 98 3. quadrilateral; x = 94; y = 105 y y 4. 5.

8 6 4 2 8 6 4 (0,3) (1.2,0) 2 2 4 6 8 x 8642 2 4 6 8

(2,0) 4 6 8 x 8642 2 2 4 6 8 (0,8)

44

Answers

Geometry Chapter 3

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Chapter 3 Answers
6.
y

(continued)
Chapter Test, Form B

8 6 4 2 42 2 4 6 8

(12,0) 2 4 6 8 10 12 x

(0,8)

1. true 2. true 3. false 4. true 5. false 6. m1 = 62, m2 = 62, alternate interior angles 7. m1 = 85, m2 = 95, same-side interior angles 8. m1 = 75, m2 = 75, alternate interior angles y y 9. 10.
4 4 2 2 4 x 2 4 2 4 x 2 4 2 4

7. Parallel; slopes are the same. 8. neither 9. Perpendicular; the product of the slopes is -1. 10. neither

Chapter Test, Form A

1. true 6. false 2. true 7. true 3. false 8. true

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Sample: m1 = 125, Same-Side Interior Angles Theorem; m2 = 55, Alternate Interior Angles Theorem 10. Answers may vary. Sample: m1 = 60, Corresponding Angles Postulate then Angle Addition Postulate; m2 = 60, Same-Side Interior 11. Answers may vary. Sample: m1 = 85, Angles Theorem Alternate Interior Angles Theorem; m2 = 95, Same-Side

4. false 5. true 9. Answers may vary.

12. Answers may vary. Sample: Interior Angles Theorem m1 = 75, Corresponding Angles Postulate; m2 = 105, 13. Answers may vary. Sample: Angle Addition Postulate m1 = 91, Corresponding Angles Postulate and Same-Side Interior Angles Theorem; m2 = 89, Corresponding Angles 14. Answers may vary. Sample: m1 = 60, Postulate Alternate Interior Angles Theorem; m2 = 115, Same-Side Interior Angles Theorem 15.
X

11. AD and WZ 12. AD and WZ 13. AD and WZ 14. AW and DZ 15. x = 92, y = 88 16. w = 31, x = 65, y = 65, z = 115 17. 1440 18. 45 19. neither 20. perpendicular 21. parallel 22. y = 3x - 1 23. y = 1 4 x - 3 24. y = -2x - 2

Alternative Assessment, Form C

TASK 1: Scoring Guide a. t
1 2 4 3 5 8 6 7 a b

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b. Sample: 8 2; 8 4; 8 and 3 are supplementary. c. m2 = 75; m3 = 105, m4 = 75, m5 = 105, m6 = 75, m7 = 105, m8 = 75
m

d. 7 and 4 are supp.

Given 4 8 Supp. of the same are . a6b If alt. int s are , then lines are 6.

16.

x y

7 and 8 are supp. Angle Add. Post. 3 Student draws an accurate diagram and supplies correct answers and a complete and accurate ow proof. 2 Student draws a gure or gives answers that contain minor errors. 1 Student draws a gure or gives answers that contain signicant errors or omissions. 0 Student makes little or no attempt.

17. W 18. none 19. WZ and AB A and XB 20. none 21. WZ and AB 22. WZ and AB; AX and BY 23. x = 22; y = 120 24. x = 70; y = 60; z = 120 25. x = 35; y = 35; z = 55 26. 5940 27. 18 28. perpendicular 29. neither 30. parallel 1 31. y = 6x + 23 32. y = -2 x+3 33. y = 1 3x + 2

Geometry Chapter 3

Answers

45

Chapter 3 Answers
TASK 2: Scoring Guide
Sample:

(continued)
TASK 4: Scoring Guide
Sample:

Isosceles Triangles Triangles R

Equilateral Triangles

TASK 3: Scoring Guide

Sample:
B A D C

Cumulative Review
1. D 2. G 3. C 4. F 5. D 6. J 7. A 8. F 9. C 10. H 11. D 12. J 13. B 14. G 15. C 16. G 17. C 18. Given 19. Same-Side Interior Angles Theorem 20. Corresponding Angles Postulate 21. Corresponding Angles Postulate 22. substitution 23. Check students work. 24. Sketches may vary. The right angle must be between the equal sides. 25. No; a triangle cannot have
two sides equal and no sides equal at the same time.
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a. For the gure given, y = x and y = x + 3. The lines are

parallel because both lines have a slope of 1.

c. For ABC, the sum of the three angles is 180. Minor

discrepancies are the result of measurement error and rounding error. d. For the gure given, ABDC is not regular. By the distance formula, the sides are not congruent. 3 Student draws the gure accurately, writes correct equations, and reasons logically. 2 Student draws a gure, gives arguments, and writes equations that are mainly correct but may contain minor errors. 1 Student presents work with signicant errors. 0 Student makes little or no attempt.

46

Answers

Geometry Chapter 3

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3 Student constructs an accurate gure. 2 Student constructs a gure that contains minor errors or omissions. 1 Student constructs a gure that contains signicant errors or omissions. 0 Student makes little or no attempt.

3 Student draws an accurate diagram. 2 Student draws a diagram that contains minor errors or omissions. 1 Student draws a diagram that contains signicant errors or omissions. 0 Student makes little or no attempt.