Chapter #19: Drifting Toward Disunion Big Picture Themes 1.

. Uncle Toms Cabin drove a wedge between the Northerner and Southerner. The South cried foul saying it gave a view of slavery that was too harsh and unrealistic, but it cemented each sections feelings on the issue. 2. Kansas became the battleground over slavery. Since slavery there was to be decided by popular vote, each side passionately fought for their position. Bloodshed resulted. 3. The Supreme Courts Dred Scott decision was huge. It said that Congress or a legislature cannot outlaw slavery in the territories. Effectively then, all new lands were possible slave lands. 4. A financial panic in 1857 added to the chaos and uncertainty. 5. Abe Lincoln arrived on the scene. Although he lost to Stephen Douglas for Illinois Senate, he made a name for himself there. 6. In 1860, Abe Lincoln won a very sectional race for president over 3 other candidates. The South had promised to leave the union if Abe won. He won, and the South indeed seceded. IDENTIFICATIONS: Hinton Helper The Impending Crisis of the South The Impending Crisis of the South was written by Hinton Helper. In this book he described that white people that didnt own slaves were suffering the most. Helper didnt like Negros or the idea of Slavery

George Fitzhugh George Fitzhugh created many propaganda materials in the pre-civil war era. He justified Slavery and said that capitalism was a failure.

John Brown Brown led a group of men to Pottawattamie Creek and attacked men that supported slavery and killed five people. He was the cause on why Kansas was nick named bleeding Kansas Charles Sumner Charles Sumner was an abolitionist from Massachusetts. He confronted South Carolina in the inhumane acts of slavery and angered Brooks. Brooks then beat Sumner until he was out cold. This was also a leading cause for civil war.

Dred Scott Dred Scott was a slave that went to court for his freedom as a black. He stated that his owner was no in the North, he no longer had to be a slave. Abraham Lincoln A Republican president that served during the Civil War in the United States. He disliked slavery very much. He was often called Honest Abe. John Crittenden He was the father of two sons and both of which would be Generals on opposite sides of the war. He was responsible for the Crittenden Compromise. Bleeding Kansas This was a nickname of Kansas. It was the result of the debate in which Kansas should be ruled by Popular sovereignty or not. If it does that means that the Missouri Compromise would be negated. American or Know-Nothing Party The American Party was a decedent of the Star Spangled Banner Order. Comprised mostly of nativists and were highly anti-foreign and believed that foreigners would steal all the jobs from Americans. Panic of 1857 Due to the Gold Rush, many Americans moved to the west to become rich. This hit the Northern Industry harder than the south because they had cotton as a staple for income.

Lincoln-Douglas Debates Lincoln and Douglas fought each other in a series of arguments and debates on the issue of slavery. Even though Lincoln lost the debate it would eventually help him win presidency. Freeport Doctrine This occurred during the second Lincoln-Douglas Debate. Lincoln forced Douglas to pick whether if Popular Sovereignty was more important or the rule of the Supreme Court. Douglas greatly respected the Supreme Court.

Harper's Ferry Raid The Harpers Ferry Raid was organized by Brown. He wanted to give weapons to the slaves and cause a revolt. Constitutional Union Party Constitutional Union Party was founded in 1860. It was made up of conservative former Whigs who wanted to avoid disunion over the issue of slavery.

GUIDED READING QUESTIONS: Stowe and Helper: Literary Incendiaries Know: Harriet Beecher Stowe, Hinton Helper 1. Which book, Uncle Tom's Cabin or The Impending Crisis of the South was more important? Explain. Uncle Toms Cabin written by Harriet Beecher Stowe was more important because it written to show the terrors of slavery. It helped ignite the Civil War and was one of the few examples that pushed the North to win. The North-South Contest for Kansas Know: Beecher's Bibles, Border Ruffians 2. What went wrong with popular sovereignty in Kansas? Kansas could not be ruled by popular sovereignty because it would negate the Missouri Compromise. Beechers Bibles werent actually books but guns. Kansas in Convulsion Know: John Brown, Pottawatomie Creek, Lecompton Constitution 3. What was the effect of "Bleeding Kansas" on the Democratic Party? In John Browns effort for the spread of Anti-Slavery in the United States, he caused many deaths near the Pottawatomie Creek. It caused a small war in Kansas over the issue of the state being a slave or free state.

"Bully" Brooks and His Bludgeon Know: Charles Sumner, Preston Brooks 5 What was the consequence of Brook's beating of Sumner in the North? The South? In the north, Preston Brooks beating lead to him being called a Bully and an advocate for war. It was often referred to as the first beating of the civil war. The North was provoked by the uncouthly Bully Brooks.

"Old Buck" versus "The Pathfinder" Know: James Buchanan, John C. Fremont, The American Party 6. Assess the candidates in the 1856 election. James Buchanan was nicknamed Old Buck and was a mediocre, irresolute, and confused individual. He didnt show many strong characteristics. He served as a minister to London during the Kansas-Nebraska conflicts. The Republican Party chose John C. Fremont as their candidate The Electoral Fruits of 1856 7. Interpret the results of the election of 1856. The election of 1856 did not provide a win-win situation for the United States. Many of the presidents had no prior experience and dragged the country down. This election mostly likely could have started the war earlier since a Republican was elected.

The Dred Scott Bombshell Know: Dred Scott, Roger B. Taney 8 Why was the Dred Scott decision so divisive? The Dred Scott Case was very divisive because it showed that slaves had no rights since they were property. Scott wanted to sue for his freedom but could not because he was a black slave. Roger B Taney knew that the case would end at that but he decided it to take it up another level. Most of the court believed that a slave was private property; he or she could be taken into any state and be legally held there in slavery.

The Financial Crash of 1857 8 How did the Panic of 1857 make Civil War more likely? It brought back the issue of slavery. Many political parties were already taking sides of whether being supporters of the abolitionists or pro-slavery people. The south after seeing the fall of the Northern banks though that sectionalism needed to stop if they wanted to make money and trade. South Carolina was impacted the least and though that their government was superior and seceded from the Union.

An Illinois Rail-Splitter Emerges 10. Describe Abraham Lincoln's background.

Abraham Lincoln was self-educated and lost his parents at a very young age. He came from a poor family and served as a lawyer. He was the second child of Thomas and Nancy Lincoln. They lived in a log cabin in Kentucky.

The Great Debate: Lincoln versus Douglas Know: Freeport Doctrine 11. What long term results occurred because of the Lincoln-Douglas debates? The Lincoln-Douglas debates helped Lincoln become the president. The debate was mostly over the issue of slavery. Lincoln forced Douglas to pick whether if Popular Sovereignty was more important or the rule of the Supreme Court.

John Brown: Murderer or Martyr Know: Harper's Ferry, Robert E. Lee 12. Why were the actions of one (crazy?) man so important in the growing conflict between North and South? When John Brown decided that he wanted to raid Haprers Ferry to provide the slaves in the south with firearms, the South discovered his plan and they sent General Robert E. Lee, who would eventually command the Confederate Forces in the Civil War. John Brown failed to lead the slaves in a revolt and the Southern forces killed him and his sons. The Disruption of the Democrats Know: John C. Breckenridge, John Bell 13. What happened when the Democratic Party attempted to choose a candidate for the presidency in 1860? The Democratic Party was internally conflicted with the topic of slavery and at first decided the northern democrats decided to nominate Stephen Douglas as their candidate but they were denied by the Southern Democrats who wanted to nominate John C. Breckenridge, but once again internal conflicts regarding slavery and popular sovereignty stopped this. A Rail-Splitter Splits the Union 14. Why was Lincoln chosen as the Republican candidate instead of Seward? Lincoln was chosen as the Republican candidate over Seward because Seward was too much of a radical and offended many people. Lincoln beat Seward not because he was a better candidate, but because he had made fewer enemies. Lincoln also had catchy names and slogans like, honest abe and old abe.

The Electoral Upheaval of 1860 15. Did the South have any power in the national government after Lincolns election, or were they helpless? No, despite losing the presidency, the South still had a lot of power in the government, they had a 5-4 majority in the Supreme Court and they also had control of the Senate and the House of Representatives. The federal government was powerless if they wanted to end slavery in states where slavery preexisted because the Supreme Court could easily shoot it down. The Secessionist Exodus Know: Secession, Jefferson Davis 16.. What did President Buchanan do when the South seceded? Why? In 1860-1861, South Carolina and 6 other states decided to secede. Secession meant that they were no longer part of the United States of America. These 7 seceding states decided to create their own government called the Confederate States of America, and they elected Jefferson Davis as their leader. The Collapse of Compromise 17. What was the Crittendon Compromise and why did it fail? The Crittendon Compromise stated that slavery could exist north of the 36 30 line if the northern states wanted it to, but that any territory south of the 36 30 line would be federally protected concerning slavery, so even territories like Cuba and other newly acquired territories would automatically be slave territories disregarding popular sovereignty. Farewell to Union 18. What advantages did southerners see in secession? Who did they compare themselves to? The Southerners were happy with secession because they felt that they were no longer bound together with the North and their yankee yawp. The southerners also felt that the industrial north was dependent on the southern cotton and the north would never do anything to threaten their valuable supply. The South compared them the Americans when they seceded from Great Britain.