nyKupah - Fkupf; fz;lk; cz;ik vd;d?

j. Qhd ghujp
kj;jpa Njhy; Muha;r;rp epiyak;> milahW> nrd;id - 600020.
ehk; thOk; Gtp Vwj;jho 450 Nfhb Mz;LfSf;F Kd; cUthdJ. kpFe;j ntg;g
epiyapypUe;j ,g;Gtpapd; Jfs;fs;> ntg;gk; ntspNawpajhy;>
Fspuj;njhlq;fpd. Fspu;r;rpahYk; %yf;$Wfspd; ,ilNa Vw;gLk; Ntjp tpidfshYk;>
tpirAld; ,aq;fpf;nfhz;bUe;j Jfs;fs; midj;Jk; jputkhfTk; jpz;kkhfTk; khwj; njhlq;fpd.
Gtpapd; gug;G ngupajhifahy;> FspUk; jd;ik rPuhf ,y;yhky; rpy ,lq;fspy;
tpiuthfTk; rpy ,lq;fspy; nkJthfTk; eilngw;wJ. ,t;NtWgl;l Fspu;ikf;F jdpkq;fSk;
%yf;f$WfSk; kw;Wk; Ntjpj;jd;ikAk; fhuzq;fshFk;. Nkw;Gwj;jpypUe;J vspjpy;
ntg;gk; ntspNawptpLtjhy; mit tpiutpy; jplg; nghUshfpd;wd. cl;gFjp jput my;yJ
ghF epiyiaf; nfhz;bUe;jd.
jputepiyapypUe;J %yf;$Wfs; FspUk;NghJ kw;nwhU nraYk; eilngWfpwJ. vt;tifahd
mZf;fspd; cUFepiy ntg;gk; mjpfNkh mit Kjypy; jpz;kkhf KaYk;. ,q;F Gtp
Fspu;tjhy; jputepiyapypUe;J jplepiy Nehf;fpNa nry;Yk;. ,jdhy;> Kjypy; mjpf
cUFepiyiaf; nfhz;lit jpz;kkhFk;.
,e;epfo;T eilngWk;NghJ rupahd madpfs; neUq;Nf mikangw;W mNjNeuk;
,e;epiy ePz;lfhyk; ePbj;jpUg;gpd; gbfq;fs; cUthFk;. kpff; $Ljyhd ntg;gj;jpy;
cUthFk; ,g;gbfq;fs; epiwkpFe;Jk; mjhtJ cUz;ilia xl;ba tbtpYk; ,Uf;Fk;
(Inrhl;Nuhgpf; gbfk;).
Kjypy; cUthFk; epiwkpFe;j ,g;gbfq;fs; nghJthf
FNuhkpak;> epf;fy; Nghd;w jdpkq;fis mjpfstpy; nfhz;bUf;Fk;.
,t;thW epiw kpFe;j nghUl;fs; jput Clfj;jpy; cUthfp mtw;wpd; epiw fhuzkhf
mbapy;> cl;gFjpapy;> gbfpd;wd. ,jd; tpisthf> vQ;rpAs;s ghiwf; Fok;gpd;
mlu;j;jp FiwfpwJ. Mz;Lf;fzf;fpy;> NkYk;NkYk; epiwkpFe;j gbfq;fs; cUthf ghiwf;
Fok;G NkYk; mlu;j;jp Fiwe;J rpypf;fh Nghd;w Nru;kq;fs; epiwe;j Fok;Gfshf
khWfpwJ.
gpd;du; ,itAk; Fspu;tjhy; jpz;kkhfpd;wd.
njhlu;r;rpahd
,e;epfo;Tfshy; mlu;j;jp Fiwe;j ,g;ghiwfs; Nkw;GwKk; mlu;j;jp epiwe;jit
mbg;gFjpapYk; kpFe;J fhzg;gLfpd;wd.
.

450 Nfhb Mz;Lfshf ele;j NtWgLjy;> gpupj;jy;> jdpg;gLj;Jjy; Nghd;w ,aw;ifapd;

nray;fshy;> Gtp ,d;W> XL> ntsp %lfk;> cs;%lfk;> ntsp mlT kw;Wk; cs; mlT
vd mtw;wpd; gz;Gfspd; tpisthf gpupe;J gy mLf;Ffshf mike;Js;sJ.
Kjd; Kjyhf Ntf;Ndu; vd;gtu; cyfg;glj;jpYs;s fz;lq;fis jdpj;jdpNa ntl;b ghu;j;jnghOJ
fz;lq;fs; rpy ,lq;fspy; kpfr;rupahf nghUe;Jtijf; fz;lhu;. v.fh. njd;dnkupf;fhtpd;

tlfpof;Fg;gFjp Mg;gpupf;fhtpd; Nkw;F gFjpAld;

fz;lj;jpl;Lfspd; ngau;r;rp vd;w Nfhl;ghl;il ntspapl;lhu;.

nghUe;Jk;.

vdNt>

,uz;lhk; cyfg;NghUf;F gpd; fly; kl;l Muha;r;rpapy; <Lgl;ltu;fs; ml;yhz;bf; flypd;

ikag;gFjpapy; Gtp cUthf;fg;gLtij fz;lwpe;jdu;. vdNt> fz;ljpl;Lfspd; ngau;r;rp
vd;gjw;F gjpyhf> fly;kl;l guTjy; vd;w Nfhl;ghl;il ntspapl;ldu;.
NkYk; gy
Muha;r;rpfspd; tpisthf Gtpj;jl;L vd;w Nfhl;ghL epWtg;gl;Ls;sJ.
Gtpapd; Nkw;gug;G Fspu;e;jhYk; GtpapDs; ntg;gk; ,Ug;gij vupkiyfs;
Nghd;wtw;why; mwpayhk;. kpfmjpf ntg;gKs;s %lf kw;Wk; mlTg;gFjpfspspUe;J
ntg;gk; ntspNaWfpwJ. ,J tspkz;lyj;jpy; Vw;gLk; fhw;wpd; Row;rp NghyNt
Row;rpailfpwJ.
mjhtJ> Nky;tUk; ntg;gk; NkNy tUk;NghJ Fspu;r;rpahd
Nkw;Gwj;jpy; ntg;gj;ij ,oe;jepiyapy; cs;Nehf;fpr; nry;fpwJ. ,jdhy; ntg;g Row;rp
Vw;gLfpwJ.
ntsp%lfj;jpd; Nkw;gFjp ,sFj; jd;ikAilajhy;> GtpapDs; Vw;gLk; ntg;gr;
rydj;jpw;Nfw;g efu;fpd;wJ. ,jd; tpisthf> mjd; NkNy mku;e;Js;s XLk; efu;fpwJ.
fz;lq;fshfptpl;l GtpNahl;bd; epiw (2.7) fPOs;s ntsp%lfj;jpDila Nkw;Gwj;jpd;
epiwiatpl (3.3) Fiwe;jpUg;gjhy; fly;ePupYs;s (~1.02) gdpkiy (< 0.9) Nghy;
kpjf;fpd;wd. fz;lq;fspd; ntspg;Gwj;jpd; msTk; cauKk; $lf;$l cl;Gw msTk; MoKk;
mjpfupf;Fk;> gdpg;ghiwfisg; Nghy.
vq;nfq;F ntg;gr;rydq;fs; gpupfpwNjh> mit flypdbapYs;s epyg;gug;G vdpy;>
mq;F yhth Fok;Gfs; ntspg;gl;L Gjpa epyg;gug;G cUthfpwJ. mit fz;lq;fspd; fPo;
ele;jhy; mf;fz;lk; ,uz;lhfNth my;yJ %d;whfNth gpupfpwJ. Gjpjhf cUthf;fg;gLk;
epyg;gug;Gfspy;
xNuNeuj;jpy;
ngUksT
ghiwf;
Fok;Gfs;
ckpog;gLk;/ff;fg;g;gLk;NghJ , `tha; Nghd;w jPTfshfTk; ,y;yhtpby;>
jw;nghOJ ml;yhz;bf; flypDs; Njhd;Wtijg;Nghy; flypd; Gjpa mbg;gug;GfshfTk;
cUntLf;fpd;wd.
Mgpupf;ff; fz;lj;jpYs;s vj;jpNahg;gpah ,t;ntg;gr; rydj;jhy;
,g;nghOJ %d;whfg; gpupe;Jnfhz;bUf;fpwJ.
flypdbapy; ghiwf;Fok;Gfshy; cUthFk; epyg;gug;G Neubahf ntsp%lfj;jpypUe;J
tUtjhy; mit fz;lq;fspy; cs;s ghiwfis tpl epiw kpFe;jitahf (~3.0) ,Uf;Fk;. fly;
ePuhy; ,g;ghiwf;Fok;G cldbahff; Fspu;e;JtpLtjhy; ,tw;wpypUe;J gbfq;fs; cUthf
tha;g;gpyhky; NghfpwJ. MfNt> Fok;G epiyapy; ePz;lfhyk; ,y;yhky; cldbahf
jplg;nghUshf khwptpLtjhy; kw;Wk; ,tw;wpd; epiw $Ljyhf ,Uf;Fnkd;gjhy; ,it
fz;lq;fshf cUthf tha;g;gpy;iy.
vq;nfq;F ntg;gr;ryq;fs; xd;W $LfpwNjh> FtpfpwNjh> mq;F XLfs; xd;iwnahd;W
Nkhjpf;nfhs;fpd;wd. Nkhjpait GtpaPu;g;G tpiria kPwp thdj;j;ij Nehf;fp nry;y
Kbahjhifahy;> xg;glu;j;jp Fiwe;j xd;W xg;glu;j;jp kpFe;j xd;wpd;NkNywp
efu;fpwJ. ,jd;NghJ ngUk; epyeLf;fq;fs; cUthfpd;wd. vq;F xg;glu;j;jp Vwj;jho

ruprkkhf ,Uf;fpwNjh mq;F ,U epyg;gug;GfSk; xd;iwnahd;W> mt;ntg;gr; rydk;

jpir khWk;tiu> Nkhjpf;nfhz;L ,Uf;fpd;wd.
Nfhbf;fzf;fhd Mz;Lfshf eilngWk; ,t;ntg;gr; rydq;fshy; Gtpapd; NkNyhL
gy;NtWtpjkhf mire;Jk;> gpw XLfSld; NkhjpAk;> rpy XLfspDs;NsNah NkNyNah
mOe;j curpnfhz;Lk; efu;e;jd. ,jdhy; cau;e;J epd;w epyg;gFjpfs; gy;NtW
fhyfl;lq;fspy; xd;Nwhnlhd;W Nru;e;jd, mtw;wpypUe;J gpupe;jd, gpwtw;Wld;
Nru;e;jd my;yJ gpupe;jd.
GtpNahl;bd; fPo; Vw;gLk; ntg;gr; rydk; ,tw;wpdpilNa ntspg;gLk;NghJ
NkYs;sgFjp gpsTgl;L Gjpjhf epiwkpFe;j ghiwNahLfs; cUthfpd;wd. ,jdhy;> ,e;j
XLfspd; vy;iyfs; fz;lq;fs; vd;wpy;yhky; ntg;gr; rydk; gpupAk; ,lq;fshfTk;> ,izAk;
my;yJ mOe;j cuRk; ,lq;fshfTk; cs;sd. vdNt> ,tw;iw epyj;jl;Lfs; vdyhk;.
epyj;jl;Lfs; mugpa jPgfw;gj;jpy; ngUk;ghYk; epyj;ij kl;LNk nfhz;l vy;iyfisAk;>
M];jpNuypah>
Mg;gpupf;fh Nghd;wtw;wpy; fz;lq;fis KOikahff; nfhz;l
mNjrkak;
Rw;wpYKs;s
flybg;gug;igAk;
nfhz;l
vy;iyfisAk;>
,e;jpah
Nghd;wtw;wpy; xUgFjp epyg;gug;ghYk; kWgFjp flYf;fbapy; cs;s epyg;gug;Gfis
nfhz;l vy;iyfisAk;> grpgpf; flw;gFjpapy; flypd; mbapy; kl;LNk cs;s vy;iyfisAk;
nfhz;bUf;fpd;wd.
ntg;gr;rydk; gpuptjhy; cUthFk; epyg;gug;G mjd; kw;wgFjpfisAk; efu;j;JfpwJ.
,jdhy;> ,UGwKs;s epyj;jl;Lfs; jq;fspd; jd;ikf;Nfw;g jq;fSf;F ve;jj;jpirapy; vspjhf
efuKbANkh mj;jpirapy; nkhj;jKkhf efu;fpwJ. v.fh.
,e;jpahtpw;F njw;NfAk;
njd;Nkw;NfAk;>
,e;jpag; ngUq;flypy;> cUthf;fg;gLk; GJ epyg;gug;G
Mapuf;fzf;fhd fp.kP. njhiytpYs;s ,e;jpahit tlf;Nf efu;j;JfpwJ.
,jdhy; ,e;jpah
Mrpaf;fz;lj;Jld; (epyj;jl;Lld;) NkhJfpwJ.
Kjypy; epyg;gug;G midj;Jk; xd;whf ,Ue;jjJ (ghQ;rpah) vd;Wk; gpd;du; ,uz;lhfg;
gpupe;jJ vd;Wk; epWtg;gl;Ls;sJ.
Nfhz;Lthdh (kj;jpag;gpuNjrj;jpYs;s Nfhz;L
kf;fspd; epidthf itf;fg;gl;l ngau;) ngUepyg;gug;G vd;gJ njd;dnkupf;fh>
Mg;gpupf;fh> ,e;jpah> M];jpNuypah> mz;lhu;f;bfh Mfpa fz;lq;fs; xd;wpize;j
gFjp. Mrpah> INuhg;gh> tlmnkupf;fh xd;wpize;j gFjpf;F YNurpah vd;W ngau;.
,it ,uz;ilAk; nlj;jp]; vd;w fly; gpupj;jpUe;jJ.
,e;jpah ntg;gr;rydj;jhy; Nfhz;Lthdh ngUepyg;gug;ig tpl;L gpupe;J tlf;F Nehf;fp
efuefu nlj;jP]; flypd; fPopUe;j epyg;gug;G Mrpaj;jl;bd; fPNo> mjd; epiw
mjpfkhf ,Ue;jjd; tpisthf> nry;yj;njhlq;fpaJ.
fpl;lj;jl;l 12 Nfhb Mz;Lfshf
eilngw;w ,r;nrayhy;> jpgj;jpa gPlG+kpAk; ,kakiyAk; ,e;jpahtpd; tlf;Nf
cUthdJ; ,e;jpag; ngUq;fly; njw;Nf
cUthdJ. jw;nghOJ nlj;jP]; flw;gFjp
Kbe;JNgha; ,uz;L fz;lq;fSk; Neubahf Nkhjpf;nfhz;L ,Uf;fpd;wd. ,tw;wpd; epiwfs;
Vwj;jho xNu mstpy; ,Ug;gjhy; ,uz;Lk; NkNyNa epw;fpd;wd.

ntg;gr; rydq;fSk; mjdhy; efUk; epyj;jl;Lfspd; ,lg;ngau;r;rpAk; xNu rPuhf

,Ug;gjpy;iy. epyj;jl;Lfspy; ngUk;ghyhdit Mz;Lf;F 2 - 6 nr.kP. vd;w Fiwe;j
Ntfj;jpYk;> kw;wit 6 - 12 nr.kP. vd;w eLj;ju Ntfj;jpYk; kpfr;rpy 12 nr.kP. tpl
$Ljyhd Ntfj;jpYk; efu;fpd;wd. ,e;jpa epyj;jl;L Mz;Lf;F 5 - 6 nr.kP. vd;w mstpy;
tlf;F Nehf;fp efu;fpwJ.
NkYk; ,uz;L epfo;TfisAk; fUj;jpy; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.
1. cau;e;J epw;Fk; epyg;gug;Gfs; midj;Jk; ,aw;ifapd; ,ay; kw;Wk; Ntjpapay;
rpijTfshy; mupf;fg;gl;L> nehWf;fg;gl;L> rpijf;fg;gl;L> MW> gdpkiy> fhw;W
Nghd;wtw;why; mbj;J my;yJ vLj;Jr; nry;yg;gLfpd;wd. ,it ngUk;ghYk; jho;e;j
epyg;gug;GfspYk; flw;fiuia xl;ba flypdbapYk; gbfpd;wd. mg;gFjpfspd; mbj;jsk;
cWjpahf ,y;yhj epiyapy; gbkq;fs; Nrur;Nru fPNo mkpo;e;J nfhz;Nl ,Uf;Fk;.
,tw;why; fz;lj;jpDs; rkntspfSk; fly;R+o;e;j gFjpfspy; fz;lj;jpl;LfSk; cUthfpwJ. ,it
fz;lj;jpYs;s ghiwfshy; cUthtjhYk; ,Wf;fkhf mOj;jg;glhjjhYk; epiw Fiwe;jjhfNt
,Uf;fpd;wd.
jkpofk; ngUk;ghYk; rkntspfisf;nfhz;lJ. jkpofj;ij xl;bAs;s fz;lj;jpl;L flY}Uf;F fpof;Nf
kpff;FWfpajhfTk; (25 fp.kP.) Ntjhuz;aj;jpd; fpof;NfAk; fd;dpahFkupapd;
njw;NfAk; gue;j mstpYk; (>100 fp.kP.) cs;sJ. gk;ghapd; Nkw;Nf mike;Js;s
fz;lj;jpl;L 300 fp.kP. tpl $Ljyhf gue;Jgl;L fhzg;gLfpwJ.
2. fly; cs;thq;Fjy; kw;Wk; ntspNaWjy; Nghd;wit epyg;gug;gpy; Vw;gLk; rpy
mirTfshYk; gdpAfk;> ePz;l Ntdpw;fhyk; vd fhyepiy khw;wj;jhy; cau;e;J
jho;tjhYk; elf;fpd;wd.
,e;epfo;Tfshy; flw;fiuia xl;ba rkntspfSk; caukhd
gFjpfisf;nfhz;l fz;lj;jpl;LfSk; cau;e;J jho;e;J ,Ue;Jte;jij mit tpl;Lr;nrd;w
milahsq;fs;/khw;wq;fspd; ntspg;ghLfis itj;J fz;Lzuyhk;. v.fh. mupaY}u; tiu fly;
te;jpUe;jij mq;Fs;s Rz;zhk;Gg; ghiwfshYk; njhy;gbkq;fshYk; mwpe;Jzuyhk;.
Nrhou;fspd; jiyefuhd G+k;GfhUk; ,t;thwhd fhuzq;fshy; jhd; flypDs; %o;fpaJ.
NkYk; filrpahf Kbe;j gzpAfj;jpw;Fg;gpd; flypd; ePu;kl;l;lk; 120 kP msNt> cyf
mstpy;> cau;e;jpUf;fpwJ> Mapuq;fspy; my;y.
vdNt> Nkw;nrhy;yg;gl;l fhuzq;fshy;> kpfr;rpwpa fz;lkhd M];j;jpNuypahitg;
Nghy vd;wpyhky;>
rpwpa jPthd ,yq;ifiag;Nghd;wnjhU
epyg;gug;Gk;
FkupKidf;F njw;Nf>
,e;jpaj;jl;L Nfhz;Lthdh ngUepyg;gug;ig tpl;L 12 Nfhb
Mz;LfSf;F Kd;G gpupe;Jnry;yj; njhlq;fpagpwF> Njhd;wpapUf;fNth my;yJ
Njhd;wpagpwF flypy; mkpo;e;jpUf;fNth tha;g;gpy;iy.