2D Arrays

Pointers,Arrays,MultidimensionalArrays
Pointersversusarrays
Lotsofsimilarities
Howtodealwith2D,3D,multidimensionalarrays
(for storing matrices and other 2D or 3D data!)
(forstoringmatricesandother2Dor3Ddata!)
CSE251Dr.CharlesB.Owen
ProgramminginC
Review:Pointers
Address
Pointersarevariablesthat
storememoryaddresses
0xeffffa94
0xeffffa98
Memory
15
0xeffffa94
int a
a =15;
15;
int *b=&a;
printf(%x%x%d\n,b,&b,*b);
// prints effffa94 effffa98 15
//printseffffa94effffa9815
ProgramminginC
Name
a
b
int number;
int *ptr =&number;
Read&
as at
as
at
printf(Enteraninteger:);
scanf(%d
scanf(
%d , &number);
printf(Enteranotherinteger:);
scanf(%d, ptr);
Usingpointersin
scanf function
Donthavetoput
&beforeptr.Its
already an at
alreadyan
at .
printf(Number=%d,*ptr =%d\n,number,*ptr);
Exampleoutput:
ProgramminginC
int multiply(int *,int);
Passingpointers
(addresses) to
(addresses)to
functions
int main()
main()
{
int number=3;
int *ptr =&number;
&n mber;
printf(1:%d\n,multiply(&number,2));
printf(2:%d\n,multiply(ptr,3));
}
int multiply(int *a, int factor)
{
return(*a) *factor;
}
ProgramminginC
Review:Arrays
Anarrayisacontiguouschunkofmemorytostore
multiplevalues
int grades[]={74,59,95,85,71,45,99,82,76};
0xeffffa00 0xeffffa04 0xeffffa08 0xeffffa0c 0xeffffa10 0xeffffa14 0xeffffa18 0xeffffa1c 0xeffffa20
grades
74
59
95
85
71
45
99
82
76
index
ProgramminginC
int sumArray(int [],int);
Passingarraysto
functions
int main()
{
int list[]={1,2,3,4};
printf(Sum=%d\n,sumArray(list ,4));
}
int sumArray (int list[],int arraySize)
{
int sumvalue =0;
for(int i=0;i<arraySize;i++)
sumvalue +=list[i];
+= list[i];
returnsumvalue;
}
ProgramminginC
ArrayName
Thearraynameisa
list
pointertothefirst
elementofthearray
l
t f th
ffe2de0c
ffe2de10 ffe2de14 ffe2de18
[0]
[1]
[2]
4
[3]
int list[]
list[]={1,2,3,4};
{1,2,3,4};
printf(%x,%x,%d,list,&list[0],*list);
Output: ffe2de0c ffe2de0c 1

Output:ffe2de0cffe2de0c
ProgramminginC
PointersandArrays
p
list
int *p,
[[0]]
int list[]={1,2,3,4};
list[] {1 2 3 4};
p=list;
/*equivalenttop=&list[0]*/
printf(%d\n,*p);/*printsthevalue1*/
[[1]]
[[2]]
[[3]]
Youcanusea
pointertoaccess
thearray
ProgramminginC
Pointerand[]
Anypointertoablockofmemory
canusethe[]syntax,evenifitis
not declared as an array! List
notdeclaredasanarray!
[0]
[1]
[2]
[3]
int *p,
p
int list[]={1,2,3,4}; int *v;andint v[];/*Meanthesamething*/
p=list;
printf(%d\n,p[2]);
i tf(%d\ [2]) //prints3
// i t 3
ProgramminginC
*list Contentspointedtobylist
*(list+2) Contentsatlist[2]
Arrayindexing[]
list
list+2
ff 2d 0
ffe2de0c
ff 2d 10 ffe2de14
ffe2de10
ff 2d 14 ffe2de18
ff 2d 18
[0]
[1]
[2]
Indexinganarrayisjustaway
offindingaparticularaddress
inthatblock
[3]
int list[]
list[]={1,2,3,4}
= {1 2 3 4}
// array of 4 ints
//arrayof4ints
printf(%d,list[2]);
Thisisequivalentto
printf( %d , (list+2));
printf(%d,*(list+2));
10
ProgramminginC
PointerArithmetic
Whenweaddtoapointer,suchas(p+1),wedont
literallyadd1tothepointeraddress
Insteadweaddoneaddresstothepointer
11
ProgramminginC
PointerArithmetic
int list[]={1,2,3,4};
int *p=list;
/*sameasp=&list[0]*/
printf(%x,p);
printf(
%x ,p);/
/*printsffe2de0c
prints ffe2de0c */
/
p
ffe2de0c
12
ProgramminginC
PointerArithmetic
int list[]={1,2,3,4};
int *p=list;
/*sameasp=&list[0]*/
printf(%x,p);
printf(
%x ,p);/
/*printsffe2de0c
prints ffe2de0c */
/
p=p+1;
/*pincreasesby4*/
printf(%x,p);/*printsffe2de10*/
Thinkofpointer
arithmeticasadd
1location
insteadofone
byte or address
byteoraddress.
13
p
ffe2de0c
ProgramminginC
PointerArithmetic
doublelist2[]={1.0,2.0,3.0};
d
bl li t2[]
{1 0 2 0 3 0}
double*p=list2;/*sameasp=&list2[0]*/
printf(%x,p);/*printsffe2de0c*/
p
(
p)
p
p
ffe2de0c
ffe2de10 ffe2de14 ffe2de18 ffe2de1c ffe2de20
1.0
14
2.0
3.0
ProgramminginC
PointerArithmetic
doublelist2[]={1.0,2.0,3.0};
d
bl li t2[]
{1 0 2 0 3 0}
double*p=list2;/*sameasp=&list2[0]*/
p
printf(%x,p);/*printsffe2de0c*/
(
p)
p
p=p+1;/*Pincreasesby8bytes*/
printf(%x,p);/*printsffe2de14*/
P
ffe2de0c
ffe2de10 ffe2de14 ffe2de18 ffe2de1c ffe2de20
1.0
15
2.0
3.0
ProgramminginC
PointerArithmeticonArrays
*(list+1)referencesthenextelementinthearray
*(l
) f
h
l
h
(equivalenttolist[1])
Becareful:*(++list)workstoobutnowwehavelost
our pointer to the beginning of the array!!!
ourpointertothebeginningofthearray!!!
Equivalentto: list=list+1;*list;
16
ProgramminginC
sizeof()operator
iintt i;i
int *ptr4i=&i;
int IntArray[]={1,2,3,4,5};
double j;
doublej;
double*ptr4j=&j;
doubledoubleArray[]={1.0,2.0,3.0,4.0,5.0};
Returnsthenumber
of bytes needed to
ofbytesneededto
storeavariableora
data type
datatype
printf("Sizeof
i tf("Si f integeris%dbytes\n",sizeof(int));
i t
i %d b t \ " i f(i t))
printf("Sizeof doubleis%dbytes\n",sizeof(double));
printf("Sizeof i is%dbytes\n",sizeof(i));
printf("Sizeof pointerfori is%dbytes\n",sizeof(ptr4i));
printf("Sizeof jis%dbytes\n",sizeof(j));
printf("Sizeof pointerforjis%dbytes\n",sizeof(ptr4j));
printf("Sizeof intArray is%dbytes\n",sizeof(intArray));
printf("Sizeof doubleArray is%dbytes\n",sizeof(doubleArray));
17
ProgramminginC
sizeof()operator
18
ProgramminginC
Whenwepassanarray
Wh
Whenwepassanarray,wearepassingthearray
i th
address
int sumArray(int
sumArray( int [],int);
[ ] int);
int main()
{
int list[]={1,2,3,4);
sumArray(list
A
( li ,4);
4)
19
ProgramminginC
Whenwepassanarray
Thiswillworktoo(becausearraynameisapointerto
thebeginningofthearray)
int sumArray(int *, int);
int main()
{
int list[]={1,2,3,4);
sumArray(list ,4);
20
ProgramminginC
Whenwepassanarray
ButthisDOESNOT work!
int sumArray(int
y(
*,int);
, );
int main()
{
int *list={1,2,3,4);
*list {1 2 3 4);
sumArray(list,4);
21
ProgramminginC
*list Contentspointedtobylist
*(list+2) Contentsatlist[2]
Pointers
list
ff 2d 0
ffe2de0c
list+2
ff 2d 10 ffe2de14
ffe2de10
ff 2d 14 ffe2de18
ff 2d 18
[0]
[1]
[2]
Indexinganarrayisjusta
wayoffindingaparticular
addressinthatblock
[3]
int list[]
list[]={1,2,3,4}
= {1 2 3 4}
// array of 4 ints
//arrayof4ints
printf(%d,list[2]);
Thisisequivalentto
printf( %d , (list+2));
printf(%d,*(list+2));
22
ProgramminginC
2DArrays
int cave[ArraySize][ArraySize];
Column
0
1
Row
2
3
23
1
5
9
13
2
6
10
14
3
7
11
15
4
8
12
16
ProgramminginC
2DArrays
int myMatrix[3][4]={{1,2,3,4},{5,6,7,8},{9,10,11,12}};
myMatrix[3][4] = { {1 2 3 4} {5 6 7 8} {9 10 11 12} };
Column
0
Row
1
2
1
5
9
2
6
10
3
7
11
4
8
12
myMatrix[0][1] 2
myMatrix[2][3]
M t i [2][3] 12
myMatrix[row][col]
24
ProgramminginC
Physically,inoneblockofmemory
int myMatrix[2][4]={{1,2,3,4},{5,6,7,8}};
ffe2de0c ffe2de10 ffe2de14 ffe2de18 ffe2de1c ffe2de20 ffe2de24 ffe2de28
2
row1
row2
Arrayelementsarestoredinrowmajororder
Array
elements are stored in row major order
Row1first,followedbyrow2,row3,andsoon
25
ProgramminginC
2DArrayNameandAddresses
int myMatrix[2][4]={{1,2,3,4},{5,6,7,8}};
[ ][ ] { {
}{
}}
ffe2de0c ffe2de10 ffe2de14 ffe2de18 ffe2de1c ffe2de20 ffe2de24 ffe2de28
myMatrix:pointertothefirstelementofthe2Darray
myMatrix[0]:pointertothefirstrowofthe2Darray
myMatrix[1]:pointertothesecondrowofthe2Darray
*myMatrix[1]istheaddressofelementmyMatrix[1][0]
26
ProgramminginC
Accessing2DArrayElements
int myMatrix[2][4]={{1,2,3,4},{5,6,7,8}};
[ ][ ] { {
} {
}}
1
Indexing:myMatrix[i][j]issameas
g y
[ ][j]
*(myMatrix[i]+j)
(*(myMatrix +i))[j]
*((*(myMatrix +i))+j)
+ i)) + j)
*(&myMatrix[0][0]+4*i +j)
27
ProgramminginC
Declaration
#defineROWS3
#defineCOLS5
int table[ROWS][COLS];
voiddisplay(table);
28
ProgramminginC
voiddisplay(int x[ROWS][COLS])
2DArraysoftenrequire
{
nestedloops
p two
for(int i=0;i <ROWS;i++)
variables
{
( jj=0;j<COLS;j++)
;j
;j )
for(int
{
printf("x[%d][%d]:%d",i,j,x[i][j]);
}
printf("\n");
}
printf("\n");
}
29
ProgramminginC
TableA={{13,22,9,23},
{17,5,24,31,55},
{4 19 29 41 61} };
{4,19,29,41,61}};
TableB={1,2,3,4,
5,6,7,8,9,
10 11 12 13 14 };
10,11,12,13,14};
30
13
17
4
22
5
19
9
24
29
23
31
41
?
55
61
1
6
11
2
7
12
3
8
13
4
9
14
5
10
?
ProgramminginC
passing2darrays
Inpassingamultidimensionalarray,thefirstarraysize
doesnothavetobespecified.Thesecond(andany
subsequent)dimensionsmustbegiven!
int myFun(int list[][10]);
31
ProgramminginC
#defineROWS3
#defineCOLS5
int addMatrix(int
addMatrix( int [][COLS]);
[ ][COLS] );
int main()
{
int a[][COLS]={{13,22,9,23,12},{17,5,24,31,55},{4,19,29,41,61}};
a[][COLS] = { {13 22 9 23 12} {17 5 24 31 55} {4 19 29 41 61} };
printf(Sum=%d\n,addMatrix(a));
}
int addMatrix( int t[][COLS])
t[ ][COLS] )
{
int i,j,sum=0;
for (i=0; i<ROWS; i++)
for(i=0;i<ROWS;i++)
for(j=0;j<COLS;j++)
sum+=t[i][j];
returnsum;;
}
32
ProgramminginC

2D Arrays

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2D Arrays

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Pointers,Arrays,MultidimensionalArrays

int multiply(int *,int);

int sumArray(int [],int);

ffe2de10 ffe2de14 ffe2de18

Output: ffe2de0c ffe2de0c 1

ffe2de10 ffe2de14 ffe2de18

ffe2de10 ffe2de14 ffe2de18

ffe2de10 ffe2de14 ffe2de18 ffe2de1c ffe2de20

ffe2de10 ffe2de14 ffe2de18 ffe2de1c ffe2de20

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