Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
13
17
39
57
79
97
110
)(1
54
77
) ( 1 1
34
) ( 2 1
:
35
)(3 1
36
)(4 1
37
) ( 1 2
56
)(1 3
73
)(2 3
74
)(3 3
75
)(4 3
:
2008
76
) (
: :
.
) (21 1994
) (1 ) (35
) (2 .
. 1994
.
.
) (21 ). (1994
) (35 ). (2008
.
. 1929
.
.
.
.
.
) . ( 2009
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
%85 .
.
7
.
.
.
.
.. .
.
.
.
.
.
.
. .
.
.
.
%2 %4.5
.
. 2.5
.
.
.
.
) (
.
.
.
10
.
.
.
/ 2011
11
12
.
Enterprise
. (1) SME
.
%85 ). (2
.
.
.
. %5
1
a business
) Activity ( . " "
. SMB
. Small office
%89.1 %81 %68.3
%67 .
13
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
14
) (1 ) . (2
.
). (3
189
1998 : ) ( 1
.
.
10 50 250
1
2
3
: .
: .
50 UNCTAD 20
100 10 50
300 ) ( 101 ) 500 ( 51 100
) ( 100 . 250
.
Aygagari Moghnana and other : small and Medium Enterprises Across the
globe-Research paper 3127 august 2003 world Bank p . 2-3
15
.
.
4 10 2
10 9 1
20 1 19 5
.
)
(2008 :
: 4 1 .
: 19 5 .
: 99 20 .
/
2010
.
.
.
16
17
18
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
19
.
) / ( 2008
.
) ( 21/10/2009-19
.
.
:
. . . . . . . . . . . . . - .
20
.
.
22
:
-
: %52
%88 .
: %46 %75
%72 .
: %85 %23
.
) ( 1 1
.
.
.
21
%40
.
.
94 12 .
2010 2000 ) 28 24 12 28 : (1
. 75 61 94 69 61 51 36
.
.
.
.
.
)(2
1
2
: . OPEC
) ( 2008 2000
: ) (%77 - % 61 ) - %94
( %98 ) ( %96 - %93 ) ( %96 - %89 ( %69 - %64 ) : %88 ) :
(%93 - ) . (%53 - %43 ) : . ( OPEC
22
.
) (OECD
" " .
12
. %95 .
50
%1 .
.
) . (3
%5 .
.
. 2008
. Lois Stevenson , IDRC ( march 2010) The Embryonic Phase of SME in MENA 1
2 : .
IFC, Micro Small and Medium Entreprises a collection of Published Data 2010 3
23
17 .
141 . 1 2004
2
.
) (
.
. 1991
1 50 10 .
50 .
10
100 .
: Mrs. J . Dorra Fiani COMPASS 2
The Current Status of SME Data in Egypt . January 2008
- 3 4.533 : 2006 .
2.616 : 2006 . 1.796 : . 4.500 : 2006 . 3.800 : 2006 260 : 1.795
3.724 .
1.11 %62
2.18 %30 .
) 201 ( ) (1.8
1.18 %32 .
6.979
2.4 .
:
2.3423.5295.871
0.2181.0201.238 2.5604.5497.109
24
.
2007 2004
100 ) . ( 2 1
%52
. %75
1966
1994
) (2004 11 .
12
.
.
%60
1
%95 %50
%31 . %40 )
Pierre Collier definition de PME au marce 1.5.04 %22
. %90 %14
%8
25
%50 .
.
) (40 2014
. 14
.
.
.
%0.47
) . . ( 3 1
1
15
( ( 2009 / 10 / 21 19
.
26
.
) .( 4 1
.
.
2020
) (1
. %3
.
218 ) (%9
1.2 %17.4
.
%33 %49
%11 %19 %43 . 2
1
9.2 .
. .
Unni, 2002 citing ILC 2002
27
%12.5 %70
%31 800.
2005
29.7 . 1 2008 12
11
12.5 .
100
%25
3
.
.
. .
1
2
GCC The states of women in the Arab golf countries Nourah El youssef
Leadership Foundation for Arab women ( Nabila Marroushi ) : Arab women
assert in Business presence
24/3/2010
28
.
%14
.
.
%29.5 %12.5
. %45 %4 .
.1 %13
.
.
" "
" " "
" "
" "
... .
.
1
.( Louis Stevenson ) 6
29
..
.
..
.
.
.
).(1
.
1
ESCWA
. 207
30
.
.
.
39 2003
(1) %5.1
.
.
.
.
.
1 .
31
.
) (1
) (2
.
%10 %14
). (3
.
. %70
%60 .
.
1
32
.
.
.
.
.
33
) ( 1 1
54
88
81
82
78
65
72
72
68
64
68
67
69
62
67
59
54
61
72
52
68
45
28
75
72
73
68
60
54
53
55
54
58
52
65
55
50
54
51
54
46
-49
36
--58
70
--24
-34
31
59
38
43
44
-22
---25
-27
34
) ( 2 1
:
) ( 2008 - 2001
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
179.8
189.5
0.778
71.5
207.9
225.4
245.8
269.8
293.9
392.0
64.7
71.5
79.8
876.7
96.1
106.2
116.3
126.9
245.3
261.8
288.6
312.9
342.8
376.8
410.9
519.5
85.3
%
84.7
%
85.0
%
85.5
%
85.9
%
86.6
%
87.6%
--
--
--
--
592.7
888.8
977.9
1064.
9
--
--
--
--
70.7
%
76.8
%
78.6
%
78.1%
--
: ) (
2010 2 . 3
:
) (1 .
) (2 .
35
)(3 1
% 0.74
% 0.05
% 1.24
% 0.06
% 2.42
% 0.24
% 1.54
% 0.18
% 1.49
% 0.13
% 5.48
% 0.58
: .
: .
: ) ( .
World Bank Enter preneurs ship and Economic Development An :
.Overview of the 2008 W.B. Entrepreneurship servey
36
)(4 1
) (
18.8
27.4
26.8
6.3
26.8
43.3
47.2
38.3
15.2
73.8
2.9
20.0
34.2
OECD
21.8
37
38
39
40
.
). (1
.
) (2
.
.
.
.
. 2002
.
) (Weber
) (Schumpeter
.
%18
%10 .
41
.
.
.
.
.
42
.
) (OECD
.
" "
" " .
.
.
.
.
) (1
.
1
2001 . 2004
43
.
.
) (1
.
.
.
1
90
.
44
) 14(
) 5(
) 9(
)
38(
) 35( ) 24( ) 17(
) 7( ) 11( ) 12(
) 14( ) 17( .
.
) 55 39(
4 )( 14 )( ). (1
183
. 2008
)(2
:
-
116
Source: World Bank World Development indicators, 2009 pp. 278 280.
2
World Bank
130
134
137
149
150
157
161
45
15
18
37
52
60
73
101
103
104
2009 ) ( )(4
) (2 ) (2 ) (4 ) (4 ) . (3
.
%5
%10
.
(1) %7
. %8
.
1 . (Lowis Stevenson (2010
46
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
47
.
.
.
.
" "
.
)
(
.
) %8.9 ( 2007
)%48.4 (2009
)%5.6 ( 2008
) %46.7 ( 2006
) %8.6 ( 2006
) %37.4 ( 2005
48
) % 53.5 ( 2006
) %30.9 ( 2006
) %3.6 ( 2006
) %40.7 ( 2009
)%12.3 (2007
) %33.4 ( 2009
: . 2009
http : // data . world bank.org / indicator / Ic.ERM.BNKS.ZS
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
. 1
- 1 :
. . . . - .
49
1
3 .
.
%88 %50 .
5
.
4
5
. . . . ) ( :
2003 . 23 22
) ( 1995
. ) (1998
40 .
.
1998
. %65
. ) :: ( 2003 . 3
) (2003 .
50
.
" "
.
.
.
.
.
.
51
. .
.
. .
6
.
%33
%90
%57 9300
). (1
.
.. ). (2
:
) . ( 15/3/2010 14
Sous-traitance Subcontracting manufacturing contract
.
52
.
.
.
.
1200
.
.
.
.
53
.
) (
2005 ) 2007
( 2008 )
(
) . . ( 1-2
.
.
.
80 2008
.
14.5
1.45 )
10 ( . 4.3
) (
.
.
54
.
. 27
.
685 .
.
55
) ( 1 2
2005
2006
2007
2008
1984
3544
2622
2826
1048
723
1081
12106
2304
2914
3270
1795
18317
3534
1756
1531
1661
24334
2425
1793
2638
2646
39455
2600
500
515
1538
659
383
1596
1242
971
3332
1467
1855
2358
46
18
28
51
233
2623
1038
121
2674
2064
111
3373
4689
64333
4111
5375
1619
814
302
10042
2366
105
1120
11578
2806
138
917
9494
2466
338
1554
33849
54522
63514
79979
56
57
58
.
%8.3
. %2
) (OECD %26.8
) .
. (1 3
) %53.5 ( ) (%3.2
)
%8.9 %5.6 %8.6 (%12.3
) .
. (2 3
) . (1
%20.6 %4
59
The status Bank lending to SME's with MENA (joint servey Jane 2010 1
.
2 ) ADCB (
. 2010
60
) (1 ). (2
.
.
.
. 57
%59
%30
. %36
. %26
.
.
61
) . (3 3
.
.
) (%93.5
. .
) 100(
%12 .
.
) (1 800 %30
.
) (2014 2009 2
200 ) (2
) (2008 2001
1
2
. .
) (2014 2009 .
62
2
3
4
5
:
http://www.pmeart-dz.org
. 2010
%13.4 . 2011
. 2006 1996
) ( :
2010 55 54 69
63
%85
.
1976
) . (1 2006
" " 54 2002
2005
.
) . ( 1997 / 2 / 4 2
) (AGFUND
.
)
(AGFUND ). (2
Ford Foundation 2006 Mohamed Yunus and the grameen Bank win the Nobel peace 1
.prize for 2006
2 :
200 -1 .
150 -2 .
100 -3 .
50 -4 .
) (1999
Endia . 16
100 25 .
64
) ( AGFUND
1997
.
.
.
.
.
.
. 25
). (1
65
. (2) %90
) (2
.
.
.
%1.6
.
2008
1.175 .
2.483 .
605.8 2006
%21 2006 .(3) 2008
%59 %50 .
2 . / 2009
. 159
2 %30.7 : %26.5
%3.4 %4 %0.7 %0.4 %0.08 .
Sanabel updated 2007 industry servey : . 2006
. " Berggren, Ingar. 2003 " Give women credit 3
66
%14
) %35 . ( 4 3
) (%15
) (%79 %4 ).(1
2113
12422 .
17 8 .
717 . 2008
) (%62 ) (%22 . (2) %13
.
)(
)( .
). (1
%11
%9.6 %1.9 %3.7 .
1
:
.
: .
: .
: .
. 2009 717
%5 ) 2007 14.7 ( .
67
%2.7 2008
.
.
.
.
.
. . 1
2 50 200
. ) (
80 70 .
3
www.aljprog.com 1
www.tef.org.sa 2
3
2010
.27
68
. 4
.
.
.
.
.
.
" :
". " :
4
2005
2007 2008 .
. 2010 1.3
.
69
" .
2
5
. %60
2008 .
2009 2010
1.3
2011
.
2010
.
.
) (1 .
1
70
"
" .
.
.
) ( 8/5/2010 9
.
.
.
.
.
71
72
)(1 3
) ( 2008
2.0
4.0
5.0
) (
6.0
13.0
15.0
16.0
20.0
34.0
8.3
14.6
(OECD (2010
26.8
73
)(2 3
) (
)(2007
8.9
)(2008
5.6
)(2006
8.6
)(2006
53.5
)(2007
12.3
)(2006
3.2
)(2006
4.2
)(2009
48.4
)(2007
48.6
)(2006
46.7
)(2009
30.6
)(2008
51.9
)(2007
34.8
: 2009
http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IC.FRM.BNK.ZS/countries
74
)(3 3
) (
59.0
25.4
49.2
52.2
65.8
49.
93.9
28.6
12.5
20.6
24.8
13.2
25.8
21.4
35.5
26.7
13.2
22.3
14.5
19.0
30.4
21.1
10.9
9.1
11.3
27.5
26.3
1
12.
12.3
7
41.
93.4
8
21.
36.0
8
27.
42.8
48.0
14.0
39.7
29.7
13.2
26.4
5.4
1.6
7.6
6.9
7.0
22.4
6.5
5.9
2.6
18.
11.5
5
17.
7.4
3
24.
5
75
4.4
--
5.6
5.3
--
3.2
5.6
--
46.2
33.
49.3
50.5
54.3
49.2
30.3
2009 :
76
)(4 3
:
54
2008
1245850
694543920
14
862511
163760754
133774
121135018
94893
33988350
37353
78930471
26106
40988331
24099
3180363
23640
20572705
21789
15358541
13681
2879809
54
2483696
1175338262
: )( . 2008
77
)(1
54
/ /
/
/
/ /
/ /
/ / /
/
/ /
.
/ / .
/ /
/ /
/ / .
/ / .
/
/ )( / / /
/ / / / /
.
78
/ / / /
/ / / .
/ .
/ / .
/ / /
/ / .
: .. ) ( 2010 14
79
80
81
2007
.
.
) (
2 .
) ( 28/12/2010 300 . 3
" " " " .
.
1
2
3
) ( 27/6/2007 26
.
. 4/7/2008 30/6
233 410
. ) ( .
82
.
) ( .
.
.
.
.
.
. .
.
.
.
.
83
28.2 13.3
.
) (2005 52.3
%86 . 2
%31 %56
%19 . 3
%86.5 %7.3
%6.2 . 4
) (%55.5 )
(%14.7 ) (%8 ). (%6.5
.
.
) ( 1970 1957
Moh. Ghazali Younes (2006) Technology capacity Building for SMES. Sharing of 1
. Malaysian Experience
2 200 250 .
National SME Development council- SME Annual Report 2009/10 p. 21 3
4 . 22
84
) ( 1990 1971
) ( 2020 1991 ) 1991
(2000 ) . ( 2010 2001
%48.6
1 2007 ) (ISO
.
) National SME
( Development council :
. SME info
.
) 12.7 ( 2005 ) 4 (
.
3 ) 11.4 (
.
W.B. ISO certification ownership 1
bttp:/data.worldbank.org/indieator/Ic.FRM.ISOC.ZS
85
.
.
.
.
1997 31
) (1999 ). (1999
SIMIM
.
.
) ( )
(
.
2009
) (%59.4 ) (%29.5 ). (%19.1
86
%18.4
Microfinance %2.6 )(%1.8
)
( 2009
.
1951
.
.
.
2007
1
2010 / 2009 37
%100 ) (12
.
2 59 197 .
26 139 .
21 183 .
66 182 .
19 121 .
36 108 .
87
.
.
.
MGIR
PMEGP
NI-MSME
Entrepreneurship IIE
) ( NBMSME
NCEUS
11 . 2009
1.18
) 1.23 ( .
88
59 .
26 .
%45 %40
) (%8
.
.
) %45.4 ( .
) (%95
%4.7 . %0.21
) (%66.7
%17 .
). (%16.3
. %28.2
). (%86.2
%10.2 %4.1 . %2.4
89
.
) ( 2010 2009
.
.
%7
2009 1992 2006
%42.5 2005 . %12.3
( 1996 ) %7.6 %101.6 . 1 2006
2007 .
.
1200 1967
) (.
2.1 13 / 2009
. 2010
90
.
..
.
.
.
2022 500 :
%50 !
2.1 .
.. .
Khdi 150 ADB.
.
91
73 .
) 956 (
.
.
.
. 1996
oecd
1961
) ( 2000
. 2002
). (2004
1
) . ( 2005 2001
.
1
2001 %80 .
%200 2001 .
5.2 ) 4.3 Sema OZAR
Micro Small Enterprises growth in turkey march 2008p.355
92
) . (%27
) 50 ( %80.1
669 .
) 200 ( %15.1 217
.
%3.8 559 .
.
:
-1 KUSGE
SEGEM
1990 KOSGEO
.
:
. OECD Small & Medium Enterprises in Turkey - Issue & policies 2004
93
-2 :
-
.
:
Entrepreneurship
Halk Bank . 1964
.
94
. vakiflar
)
(
.
-3
.
:
-
. ) 300
( 40
43.3 .
TOSYOV
1500
.
TES-AR
MEKSA
95
) . ( 1993
) (2010
. NASAC
KOBI-Net .
1 :
-
.
Mehmet Atilla Sogut : Experience in Promoting of SME's in Turkey 1
96
97
98
99
) (
.
) (DECD
2000 .
)(
) .(1
: .
) (4/6/2004 3
) (2 :
-
.
Bologna Charter on SME policies .
Istanbul Ministerial Declaration on Fostering the growth of Innovative and
internationally competitive SME's.
100
1
2
) (2006
) (1
.
) (2006
). (2
) (2007
). (3
)
(15/6/2000
.
.
:
-
101
.
.
) 25
(26/11/2007
) (2010
.
). (UNIDO
102
) (1
2010 :
-
.
.
%85
1 :
.
.
.
.
,
.
.
.
.
.
-
103
.
.
.
.
.
.
104
.
.
) (17 .
.
.
). (OECD
.
105
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
106
) (1 .
" :
"). (2
) (
.
.
1
.
2
:
. .
.
-
107
.
.
.
.
.
.
) ( 2009
2007
.
.
108
.
.
.
.
%60 ) 5
7.8 . (2008
16
. 35
. 2.5
109
.
. 1.45
). (1
)
(OECD ). (2
.
.
.
Paul Vandenberg Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises and the Global Crisis p. 33
ILO. 2009.
W.B. The impact & The Global Economic Crisis on SME's in the MENA Region
2010.
110
111
:
:
-1
.
.
.
-2
-3
-4
" "
.
112
.
.
-5
:
-1
-2
-3
-4
-6
:
)(1
113
)(2
)(3
) (38
.
-7
,
.
-8
.
:
.
.
114
-9
-10
,
.
.
-11
.
-12
.
-13
115
.
-14
.
-15
.
-16
.
.
-17
.
116
-18
.
-19
.
-20
.
-21
.
.
*****
117