Workshop 7 Step Definition and Loads: Pipe Creep Model

Defining steps and specifying output requests

You will now define the analysis steps. For this simulation you will define two static, general steps. In the first step a pressure load is applied; in the second step a transient analysis is carried out to determine the creep of the pressurized vessel. In addition, you will specify output requests for your analysis. Moreover, since interactions, loads, and boundary conditions can be step dependent, analysis steps must be defined before these can be specified. o begin this wor!shop, start a new session of "#"$%&'(") from the workshops/pipeCreep directory. *pen the database containing the pipe creep model. To define a step: +. From the Module list located under the toolbar, select Step to enter the &tep module. ,. From the main menu bar, select StepCreate to create an analysis step. In the Create Step dialog bo- that appears, name the step Pressure and accept the General procedure type. From the list of available procedure options, accept Static, General. (lic! Continue. .. In the Edit Step dialog bo- that appears, enter the following step description/ Apply internal pressure. "ccept the default settings, and clic! OK. 0. From the main menu bar, select StepCreate to create another analysis step. Insert the new step after the one created earlier. In the Create Step dialog bothat appears, name the step Creep and accept the General procedure type. From the list of available procedure options, select Visco. (lic! Continue. 1. In the Edit Step dialog bo- that appears, enter the following step description/ Transient creep. &et the time period for the step to 4.38E5 hours 2appro-imately 13 years4. %se initial and minimum time increments of 1.0 hour and a ma-imum time increment of 4.38E5 hours. &et the tolerance for the ma-imum difference in the creep strain increment 2() *54 to 1.0E5 and the ma-imum number of increments to 1000. &ince you will use "#"$%&'6iewer to postprocess the results, you must specify the output data you wish to have written to the output database 2.od 4 file. 7efault history and field output requests are selected automatically by "#"$%&'(") for each procedure type. his output is sufficient for the first step 2Pressure4. For the second step 2Creep4, however, we require only the following output/ he displacements, stresses, and creep strains 2written as field data to the output database file every , increments4.

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he displacements for the point shown in Figure 89:+ 2written as history data every two increments4.

set Out

Figure W71. Region for restricted output he history output request requires a set to be defined. Follow the steps outlined below to define a set and request output. To define a set: +. From the main menu bar, select ToolsSetCreate. In the Create Set dialog bo-, name the set !ut and clic! Continue. ;. &elect the point indicated in Figure 89:+. 9. (lic! Done in the prompt area when the appropriate region is highlighted in the viewport. To specify output requests to t e output data!ase file: +. From the main menu bar, select Output"ield Output #equests Manager. In the "ield Output #equests Manager, select the cell labeled Propagated in the column labeled Creep. he information at the bottom of the dialog bo- indicates that preselected default field output requests have been made for this step.

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<. *n the right side of the dialog bo-, clic! Edit to change the field output requests. In the Edit "ield Output #equest dialog bo- that appears/ ". (lic! the arrow ne-t to Stresses to show the list of available stress output. "ccept the default selection of stress components and invariants. #. (lic! the arrow ne-t to Strains to show the list of available strain output. oggle off PE, PEE$, and PEM%G. (. oggle off "orces&#eactions and Contact. 7. "ccept the default Displace'ent&Velocity&%cceleration output. ). &ave the output every " increments. F. (lic! OK. =. (lic! Dis'iss to close the "ield Output #equests Manager. >. Modify the history output by selecting Output(istory Output #equestsManager. In the (istory Output #equests Manager, select the cell labeled Created in the column labeled Pressure if it is not already selected. *n the right side of the dialog bo-, clic! Edit. ". oggle on Set na'e as the domain and, from the list of available sets, choose Out. ?. oggle off Energy in the Output Varia!les region. I. &elect the displacement components 2) under Displace'ent&Velocity& %cceleration4. @. &ave the output every " increments. A. (lic! OK. 5. (lic! Dis'iss to close the (istory Output #equests Manager.

Prescri!ing !oundary conditions and applied loads

&ymmetry conditions must be applied to the two symmetry planes in the model. In addition, a single point must be restrained in the vertical direction to prevent rigid body motion. #oth the pipe and the pressure vessel are assumed to be operating under an internal pressure of +.0)9 Ba. In addition, the pipe and pressure vessel are subCect to end cap load conditions. his implies that for any cut through the model, the equivalent load due to the pressure on the cap can be applied as traction loads on the cut section. ?and calculations provide that the equivalent traction loads are/ <.,<+); Ba for the pressure vessel and 9.;<,); Ba for the pipe. Furthermore, depending on the pro-imity of the cuts to the critical stress region, the boundary conditions could include multipoint constraints that would require that plane cut sections remain plane. For this e-ercise we will assume that the cuts are made a sufficient distance from the area of interest, and this last requirement will be ignored. he pipe is at a uniform initial temperature of 103D(. To prescri!e !oundary conditions: +. From the Module list located under the toolbar, select *oad to enter the 5oad module.

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+3. From the main menu bar, select +CCreate to prescribe boundary conditions on the model. In the Create +oundary Condition dialog bo- that appears, name the boundary condition #$%&'' and select ,nitial as the step in which it will be applied. "ccept Mec anical as the category and Sy''etry& %ntisy''etry&Encastre as the type. (lic! Continue. You may need to rotate the view to facilitate your selection in the following steps. ++. &elect Vie- #otate from the main menu bar 2or use the tool from the toolbar4, and drag the cursor over the virtual trac!ball in the viewport. he view rotates interactively; try dragging the cursor inside and outside the virtual trac!ball to see the difference in behavior. +,. &elect the regions of the model indicated in Figure 89:, using .S ift/0Clic1. (lic! Done in the prompt area when the appropriate regions are highlighted in the viewport, and toggle on 2S3MM in the Edit +oundary Condition dialog bo- that appears. (lic! OK to apply the boundary condition.

2S3MM regions

Figure W72. XSYMM boundary condition region "rrows appear on the face indicating the constrained degrees of freedom. he E&YMM boundary condition constrains the degrees of freedom necessary to impose symmetry about a plane X F constant; after the part is meshed and the Cob is created, this constraint will be applied to all the nodes that occupy the region.

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+.. Gepeat steps , through 0 to apply a 4S3MM boundary condition to the region shown in Figure 89:.. Hame the boundary condition ($%&''.

4S3MM region

Figure W73.

SYMM boundary condition region

o satisfy the end cap condition on the intersecting pipe, apply a displacement constraint normal to the entire face of the free end of the pipe. his action will constrain the model against rigid body motion, and the equivalent traction loads will be generated as reaction forces. +0. From the main menu bar, select +CCreate. In the Create +oundary Condition dialog bo- that appears, name the boundary condition EndCap, and select ,nitial as the step in which it will be applied. "ccept Mec anical as the category and select Displace'ent&#otation as the type. (lic! Continue. +1. &elect the region of the model indicated in Figure 89:0 using the cursor. (lic! Done in the prompt area when the appropriate region is highlighted in the viewport, and toggle on )5 in the Edit +oundary Condition dialog bo- that appears. (lic! OK to apply the boundary condition.

W7.# Fi$ )5 at top of pipe

Figure W74. "2 boundary condition region To apply a pressure load: +. From the main menu bar, select *oadCreate to prescribe the internal pressure load. In the Create *oad dialog bo- that appears, name the load )nternal Pressure and select Pressure as the step in which it will be applied. "ccept Mec anical as the category, and select Pressure as the type. (lic! Continue. +;. &elect the surfaces associated with the interior of the pipe and pressure vessel using the cursor; the region is highlighted in Figure 89:1. 8hen the appropriate surfaces are selected, clic! Done in the prompt area.

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inner surface

Figure W7!. Surface to %&ic& interna' pressure %i'' be app'ied +9. &pecify a uniform pressure of 1.4E* in the Edit *oad dialog bo-, and clic! OK to apply the load. "rrows appear on the model faces indicating the applied load. He-t, apply a pressure load to impose the end cap condition on the pressure vessel. +<. Gepeat steps + through . above to apply a pressure of 8."81E+ Ba to the region highlighted in Figure 89:;. Hame the load ,essel End Cap.

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)pp'y end cap pressure to t&is surface

Figure W7#. Surface to %&ic& end cap pressure %i'' be app'ied To apply an initial te'perature: +. From the main menu bar, select "ieldCreate to prescribe the initial temperature. In the Create "ield dialog bo- that appears, name the field )nitialTe-p and select ,nitial as the step in which it will be applied. &elect Ot er as the category and Te'perature as the type. (lic! Continue. +>. &elect the entire model as the region to which the field will be applied. ,3. (lic! Done in the prompt area when the appropriate region is highlighted in the viewport. ,+. &pecify a uniform temperature of 540D( in the Edit "ield dialog bo-, and clic! OK to apply the field. ,,. &ave your model database, and e-it your "#"$%&'(") session.