Study carried out to derive the relationship between ROT and pivot point of ship

By Dhakshina Perera(Nov 2013) A study was carried out to derive the relationship between the ROT vs Pivot Point of a ship in a steady turn, with varying rudder angles and constant speed.

In order to derive the Pivot point of the ship , the k value of the ship is calculated. Where k value represents the proportion of tangents of the drift angles of FWD and AFT(please see this link for further details regarding the k value of a ship http://dhakshina.weebly.com/pivot-point.html )

Methodology:-

Vessel Depth Simulator Weather

:- Fully loaded container ship LOA- 203m , Drft 10 m , Max initial speed -19.4kts :- Deep :- Transas full mission bridge simulator with 06 DOF :- Calm ,without current

Vessel was given a speed of 19.4kts at t=0 (at start of the exercise), and continued until t=22s , and following rudder angles were given and continued to the end of the exercise. Exercise 01:Exercise started at t=0 with speed of 19.4kts, at t= 22s , 10 degrees to STBD rudder angle were given and continued to the end of the exercise , ROT and k value plotted in the graph Exercise 02:Exercise started at t=0 with speed of 19.4kts, at t= 22s , 20 degrees to STBD rudder angle were given and continued to the end of the exercise , ROT and k value plotted in the graph Exercise 03:Exercise started at t=0 with speed of 19.4kts, at t= 22s , 30 degrees to STBD rudder angle were given and continued to the end of the exercise , ROT and k value plotted in the graph Exercise 04:Exercise started at t=0 with speed of 19.4kts, at t= 22s , 35(Harder) degrees to STBD rudder angle were given and continued to the end of the exercise , ROT and k value plotted in the graph

ROT for different rudder angles

"k" for 10deg stbd ROT for 10 Deg stbd

0 0 -1 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400

"k" for 20deg stbd ROT for 20deg stbd "k" for 30 deg stbd Rot for 30deg stbd "k"for Harder stbd ROT for harder stbd

time (s) Turn initiated at 24seconds after simulation started "k" value for different rudder angles represents pivot point of a ship

-2

-3

-4

Note:- To find the actual ROT use the formula Actual ROT = Graph ROT x 100 Analysis:1.) For any given rudder angle, the k value seems to settle down at a fixed value (approx 0.1) 2.) The k value settled down around 70-80 seconds after the simulation started (approx 50 seconds after the rudders angles given.) 3.) The ROT settles down around 120-130 seconds after the simulation started (approx 100 seconds after the rudder angles given.) Observations:1.) Pivot point settles down at the same relative position of the ship taking same time duration, irrespective of the rudder angle given.(from analysis (1) and analysis(2)), the settling of k value directly related to settling of pivot point(please refer to http://dhakshina.weebly.com/pivotpoint.html) 2.) Pivot point settles down before ROT settles down , and the time taken is about half of the time taken for the settle down of ROT 3.) k value can be used as a tool to ascertain the efficiency of directional stability of a vessel.