Fitting Shop Workshop Technology

Electric Shop (Wokshop Technology) Waqas Ali Tunio (07ME34), QUEST, Nawabshah.
Fitting Shop
Fitting Shop or Bench Work
The fitting and bench work plays an important role in engineering work shop. The work carried out at the fitting bench or bench vice is called bench work.
Safety Precautions
The following safety precautions should be taken when using hand tool and equipments. Precautions are most important for safety from accident. Keep proper discipline in the shop. Do not play with the tools because they are sharp All files should be fitted with suitable handle at the end of file. When using Hacksaw, check its teeth should be sharp and forward position. When using chisel its direction should be kept away from other working persons. When files are of forward cut, then only apply the force in forward stroke not in backward and vice versa. When using Hacksaw check its blade which must be fitted in pins properly. When using the micrometer and vernier caliper, must check its error. Clean up oil and grease or other liquid which spills on the flour otherwise they may be a cause of accident. Always wear the apron and closed shoes, not loose clothes. Do not wear any neck tie, jewelery, rings, watches during in the working in shops.
Fitting tools
The tools used in fitting shop may be classified into following groups. Measuring: Steel Rule, Inside Caliper, Outside Caliper and Vernier Caliper Holding: All types of vices Cutting: Chisel, Hacksaw and Files Strickling: All types of Hammers Drilling: Various types of Drills Threading: Tap and Dies Marking: Scriber, Divider and Center Punch Fixing: Spanner, Wrenches, Keys and Screw Driver Checking: All types of Gauges
Measuring Tools
Steel Rule It is a cliff straight steel strip having all faces machined true. One of flat face graduation mark and in inches and also in centimeters. It is used to set out dimensions.
Try Square It consists of steel blade fixed at right angle to the edge of cast iron stock. It is used for checking of right angles, the squareness and surface and also draw line at right angle.
Combination Sets It is commonly useful tool. It corporate all essential features of triangle, protector, spirit level and steel rule. It consist of four parts, Steel Rule Square Head Center Head Protector Head Square Rule On steel rule other parts slide. They are locked in the groove in the blade. Square Head It can be used by moving the blade as the try square. Center Head The center square head may be used to extend a line around a corner, to find the center of round piece or to find the center at the end of the shaft. Protector Head The protector is used for measuring angle and can be clamped in any direction or position. Scriber It is made of steel and one end is sharp pointed and other end is similar but bent. This tool is used for scribing line on work piece.
Center Punch A punch is primarily a marking tool used in bench work and known as center punch, this tool is used for making center for turning on lathe machine as well as for centering of holes for drilling.
Divider It is used chiefly for spacing, scribing, circling and laying out work. Distance may be taken or transfered from the steel rule to the work piece.
Holding Tools
Bench Vice
The bench vice is very essential tool in every shop but commonly used in fitting shop. It is used for holding and attaching the work to the bench. It has two jaws, one is fixed and other is movable. Parts of the Vice Cast Iron or Steel Body Square Threaded Screw Two Jaws Nut Handle Hand Vice It consist of two hand jaws, a screw and a wind nut. A flat spring is fixed between the hand jaws, which helps in opening up the jaws out by its pressure. It is used for holding the work such as metal sheet for drilling or fitting.
Pipe Vice It is used for holding pipes, shafts or round jobs. It consists of two jaws, one of which is fixed and other is movable. The shape of this jaw is like "V" and it grips the work at four points.
Pin Vice It is used for holding small diameter work or object, such as wires, pins etc. It consist of a fine self centering chuck.
Cutting Tools
The cutting tools used in fitting shop are: File Hacksaw Cold Chisel
File The file is a harden piece of high grade steel or high carbon steel with slating saws. It is used for cut smooth or fit metal parts. It is used to cut the metal expected harden steel and it is used in forward stroke. Types of Files Flat File It has double cut on both sides and single on both edges. It is mostly used for general work and filing flat surfaces. A large amount of metal can be removed with this file, and they don't produce smooth surfaces.
Square File It is double cut file on all sides, and used for enlarging square holes and filing of slats and key ways.
Triangular File Its section is triangular and faces are double cut and edges are single cut. Its each side on 60 degrees. It is used for filing internal angles, shoulders or corners and for sharpening wood working saws.
Round File Round file is also usually double cut. It is used for enlarging holes, slots, concave and for enlarging the holes.
Half-Round File It is one side is flat and other side is half round. The flat side is double cut and curved side is single cut. It is used for filing curved surfaces.
Hack Saw The hack saw is chief cutting tool used for cutting rods, bars, pipes into desired length. It consist of metal frame the blades which fits over two pins. The wing nut of the frame is used for tensioning the blade. The blades are made of high carbon or high speed steel. The most useful blade for handwork is 30 cm long and 12-24 mm width (24 teeth).
Cold Chisel The cold chisel is an important cutting tool. These are used to cut the cold metal and made by forging process from tool steel. The length of chisel is 15 cm to 20 cm and taper part is from 5 cm to 8 cm. The edge should be hardened and tapered, but not quite straight. The most commonly used cutting angle is 60 degrees but can vary according to the type of the metals.
Striking Tools
All types of hammers are called striking tools. It consists of head face, peen and a handle. Its head is made of plane carbon steel and have both end hardened and tapered. Its handle is made of wood. Types of Hammer Ball Peen Hammer The ball peen hammers peen is like as a ball, therefore it is called ball peen hammer. It is used for riveting.
Straight Peen Hammer The straight peen hammer has a flat and tapered peen. It is used for striking or bending metal by hammering.
Cross Peen Hammer The cross peen hammer is used hammering into shoulders or hammering inside curves for bending or stretching metals.
Job # 1
Object: To make a square piece by filing. Material: Mild steel strip of size 50 * 50 * 5. Tools and Equipments: Bench Vice, Try Square, Odd Leg Caliper and Flat File. Process: Lay outing, Filing. Procedure: First we take the given piece and adjust in the bench vice. Start filing one layer with flat file then check the flat surface of the given piece with try square, then start the filing the vertical side. When completed, draw a line by chalk at opposite side of flat surface. Then take odd leg caliper on one of the plane surface, open the caliper to the required size and make up side down with the help of pointing. Then start filing the piece. Check with try-square, if its 46 * 46* 5, then its completed.
Note: All dimensions are in millimeters.
Safety Precautions: Keep proper discipline in shop Always wear the apron and closed shoes All files should be fitted with the suitable handle at the right end of file.
Job # 2
Object: To make a "V" and "U" groove by filing. Material: Mild steel strip of size 50 * 50 * 5. Tools and Equipments: Bench Vice, Try Square, Odd Leg Caliper, Flat File, Square File and Triangular File. Process: Lay outing, Filing, Grooving, Cutting Procedure: First we take the given piece and adjust in the bench vice. Start filing one layer with flat file then check the flat surface of the given piece with try square, then start the filing the vertical side. When completed, draw a line by chalk at opposite side of flat surface. Then take odd leg caliper on one of the plane surface, open the caliper to the required size and make up side down with the help of pointing. Then start filing the piece. Check with try-square, if its 46 * 46* 5, then its completed. Now take a triangular file and file on it gently until and unless "V" groove appears in a M.S and filing until you get your required shape. When "U" grooving only an square file will be used instead of a triangular one.
Safety Precautions: Not touch any tool until the Instructor guides you about it Always wear the apron and closed shoes All files should be filled with forward stroke
Job # 3
Object: To make a Hexagonal Nut Material: Mild steel strip of size 50 * 50 * 5. Tools and Equipments: Bench Vice, Steel Rule, Center Punch, Divider, Scriber, Hack Saw, Flat File, Drill 5/16", Tap 3/8" with stock oil cane and Hammer. Process: Lay outing, Center making, Drilling and Tapping. Procedure: Fix the job in the bench vice and take safety precautions. With the help of try-square and scriber draw a diagonal on strip. With center punch mark the center by diagonals. Open divider with suitable angle and draw a circle. Again with center punch point the diagonal and circle. Use the divider and center punch and make a hexagonal. Use try-square, join all points and wit the help of drilling machine, drill at the center. Now cut all the suitable lines with hack saw. Then use diameter 3/8" and make threads inside the hole.
Safety Precautions: Not touch any tool until the Instructor guides you about it Always wear the apron and closed shoes and goggles at the time of drilling All files should be filled with forward stroke
Job # 4
Object: To make a Bolt. Material: Mild Round 3" * 3/8 diameter. Tools and Equipments: Hack Saw, Steel Rule, File diameter 3/8" with stock oil cane. Process: Lay outing, Cutting, Filing Procedure: First of all we give a M.S round 3"*3/8" rod and cut with hack saw a 3" rod. Then we make a face for holding in bench vice with filing and other side we make a taper for some filing to adjust the diameter in the rod. After this process, we are able to start diameter on rod threading. The length of face is 1/2" and length of threading approximately 1 1/2". If you find it a touch difficult to thread, oil cane may be used to make the job a bit too easy. Safety Precautions: Not touch any tool until the Instructor guides you about it Always wear the apron and closed shoes and goggles at the time of drilling All files should be filled with forward stroke

Fitting Shop Workshop Technology

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Electric Shop (Wokshop Technology) Waqas Ali Tunio (07ME34), QUEST, Nawabshah.

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