LATIN SYLLABUS VOCABULARY LIST

Updated with K-10 and HSC Continuers Lists

E. Matters 2009

NOUNS FIRST DECLENSION

agricola m amica f amphora f ancilla f aqua f ara f cena f columba f columna f culina f dea f domina f epistula/epistola fabula f fama f femina f filia f flamma f forma f fortuna f fuga f hasta f hora f insula f lingua f luna f matrona f mensa f nauta m patria f pecunia f poena f

K-10 LIST

farmer female friend, girl-friend, mistress (of a lover) wine-jar, jug slave-girl, maidservant water altar dinner dove ( also used as term of affection) column, pillar kitchen goddess mistress f letter story, tale, drama rumour, fame, renown, ill repute, news woman daughter flame form, figure, shape, sort, beauty fortune, chance, luck, prosperity, wealth, property flight, exile spear hour, season, time island; block of flats tongue, language, speech moon married woman table sailor native land property, wealth, money punishment, penalty; poenas dare to pay the penalty 2

poeta m pompa f porta f puella f pugna f ripa f sententia f *silva f taberna f terra f umbra f unda f via f victima f villa f vita f

poet procession gate, entrance girl battle, fight bank (river), shore opinion, judgment, advice, vote; meaning; sentence wood, forest inn, shop earth, land, ground, country shade, shadow; ghost, phantom; darkness, privacy wave, sea road, way, passage, journey, manner beast for sacrifice, victim country house life

Do you know the origin and meaning of: ancillary, culinary, impervious, pugnacious, impecunious, filial, lunatic, terrestrial, sylvan, undulate ?

NOUNS
FIRST DECLENSION CONTINUERS LIST

adulescentia ae f youth (time of life) amicitia f friendship, alliance anima f air, breeze, soul, life audacia f boldness, courage, audacity aura f breeze, wind, odour barba f beard causa f cause, reason, occasion, excuse, matter, affair, (political) party, blame, courtcase. Used in ablative singular with genitive of preceding noun: because of, for the sake of copia f abundance, plenty, store, power, opportunity, means. In plural: (military forces) corona f garland, wreath; circle (of people), cordon (of troops) cura f attention, care, responsibility, anxiety, concern, trouble, love diligentia f carefulness, attentiveness, frugality disciplina f instruction, knowledge, discipline divitiae arum f pl wealth, riches eloquentia f eloquence fama f rumour, fame, renown, ill repute, news gloria f glory, fame, renown, boasting gratia f grace, favour, kindness, goodwill,obligation. In plural: thanks In ablative singular after genitive noun: for the sake of, for the purpose of harena f sand, arena ianua f door ignominia f dishonour iniuria f wrong, injury, abuse, insult, offence inopia f want, scarcity, dearth insidiae f pl. ambush, plot, snare, trap invidia f. envy, jealousy, spite, dislike, ill-will ira f anger, wrath, rage iustitia f justice lacrima f tear (weeping) licentia f liberty, licence, freedom, disorderliness, outspokenness littera f letter of the alphabet; in plural literature, writings, letter memoria f memory, recollection; history minae f pl. threats, menaces, warning signs misericordia f pity, compassion mora f delay, hindrance, obstacle natura f nature, character

opera f

ora f palma f pirata m potentia f praeda f prora f provincia f prudentia f regina f rosa f ruina f sapientia f scientia f summa f tabula f tenebrae f pl toga f tuba f turba f venia f victoria f vigilia f

pains, work, labour, task, attention, care, endeavour; in plural labourers, hired thugs; operam dare to apply oneself to shore, border, edge, region palm of hand; palm tree; date (fruit); victory; oar pirate power, efficacy, ability loot, booty, spoil, prey prow, ship province, command, government practical understanding, intelligence, foreknowledge, prudence queen rose downfall, ruin, debris, disaster wisdom knowledge, understanding total, sum, whole, the overall matter, the general purpose writing-tablet; letter; will; panel, picture, game-board; records darkness, obscurity, ignorance, concealment, gloom toga, male garment worn by Roman citizens in civilian dress trumpet disorder, crowd, confusion, disturbance pardon, forgiveness, permission, favour, indulgence victory wakefulness, watch, guard, patrol, vigilance

NOUNS SECOND DECLENSION K-10 LIST

aedificium -i n ager agri m amicus m amphitheatrum i n animus m annus m anulus m atrium i n auxilium n bellum n campus m captivus m castra orum n pl cibus m consilium n coquus m cubiculum i n denarius m deus m dominus m donum n equus m exitium n faber fabri m filius m forum n frumentum n fundus m gladius m building field, territory, farm, countryside friend amphitheatre mind, purpose, desire, character, courage, inclination, opinion, heart year ring main room, atrium help, assistance; auxiliary forces war plain, field, battlefield, exercise-field, expanse prisoner, captive military camp, war service food counsel, advice, plan,reason,purpose, judgment cook bedroom denarius, silver coin god master gift horse ruin, death artisan, workman, craftsman son marketplace, business centre, court corn, grain bottom, land, farm, estate sword 6

hortus m imperium n legatus m liber libri m libertus m locus m mandatum i n maritus m modus m morbus m murus m negotium n nuntius m oculus m odium n officium n oppidum n ornamentum i n patronus m periculum n plaustrum n populus m praemium n puer pueri m regnum n remedium n saxum n servus n signum n silentium n socius m spectaculum n telum n templum n tergum n theatrum n triclinium n

garden command, rule, supreme power, empire ambassador, envoy, legate, commander, deputy book freedman place plural may be loca or loci command, instruction husband measure, size; rhythm, metre; manner, means, way; limit disease wall business, trouble, difficulty messenger, message eye, bud hatred, spite duty, service town decoration patron, protector, defence counsel danger, risk, trial wagon, cart people, nation prize, booty, plunder, reward, payment boy, slave kingdom, monarchy cure, remedy rock slave mark, token, sign, standard, picture, statue, seal silence ally, partner, companion show, sight, spectacle missile, weapon, thunderbolt temple back, hide, skin theatre dining room 7

umerus m ventus m vinum n vir viri m

shoulder wind wine man, husband, hero, soldier

NOUNS
SECOND DECLENSION
adversarius - i m aevum n altum n arbiter arbitri m argentum n argumentum n arma armorum n pl aurum n beneficium n caelum n candidatus m colloquium n comitium n concilium n damnum n decretum n dictum n exemplum n exsilium n fatum n ferrum n focus m fumus m gaudium n hospitium n humus f impedimentum n incendium n ingenium n inimicus n initium n iocus m iudicium n lectus m letum n ludus m magister magistri m membrum n minister ministri

CONTINUERS LIST

opponent, enemy time, life, age, generation the deep, the sea; height umpire, master, eye-witness silver, money proof, argument, subject, plot (of play) arms, weapons, soldiers, army, war; tools gold kindness, benefit, favour sky, heaven, climate, weather candidate conversation, discourse, interview a place in the forum; in plural: elections assembly, council damage, injury, loss, hurt; fine decree, decision, principle saying, word, order example, precedent, warning, copy, sample exile fate, destiny, doom, death iron, weapon, sword fireplace, hearth, household smoke, steam, vapour joy, delight entertainment, hospitality, accommodation, guest-friendship earth, soil, ground hindrance, impediment; in plural: baggage fire nature, disposition, capacity, talent enemy beginning joke judgment, verdict, trial couch, bed death game, sport, entertainment; school master, teacher, chief, captain (ship) limb attendant, servant, agent, accomplice

modus m monstrum n monumentum n numerus m odium n ostium n otium n pelagus n. praefectus m praesidium n pretium n proelium n profugus m regnum n reus m rostra orum n pl scutum n sepulcrum n silentium n solacium n solum n somnium n somnus m spatium n stipendium n studium n subsidium n supplicium n tectum n testimonium n torus m tribunus m triumphus m vallum n velum n verbum n vestigium n vinculum n vitium n votum n

measure, size; rhythm, metre; manner, means, way; limit omen, portent, sign; unnatural event, monster memorial, record, tomb, book, history number hatred, spite mouth (river), entrance, door leisure, rest, idleness open sea commander, chief, governor, president help, assistance, defence, protection, garrison price, worth, value, reward, bribe battle fugitive, runaway, refugee kingdom, monarchy defendant, guilty party speakers platform in the Forum shield grave, tomb silence comfort, solace, consolation base, earth, ground, soil; sole of the foot dream, vision sleep room, space, interval, period, length tax, pay, military service zeal, eagerness, study, devotion, goodwill, support support, assistance, aid, troops in reserve punishment, penalty, act to propitiate a deity roof, house, shelter proof, testimony couch, marriage-bed, muscle tribune triumph, triumphal procession palisaded earthwork (around camp etc.) sail, curtain, awning, woven cloth word footprint, track, trace, mark, bond, rope, chain, fetter, restraint, imprisonment fault, defect, blemish, error vow, prayer, desire, votive offering

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NOUNS THIRD DECLENSION K-10 LIST

agmen agminis n animal is n arbor oris f auctoritas atis f herd, troop, army on the march animal, living creature tree, mast authority, power, reputation, credit, opinion, command, influence, importance canis canis m/f dog; the Dog Star centurio nis m centurion, commander of a military century civis civis m/f citizen, countryman or -woman civitas atis f citizenship, citizens, city, state clamor is m shout, cry, noise, din, applause consuetudo -tudinis f custom, habit, use, manner, familiarity, conversation, companionship corpus corporis n body, flesh, corpse, particle custos custodis m/f guard, keeper, guardian, watchman, jailer deditio nis f surrender dux ducis m/f leader, guide, commander, general eques equitis m horseman, cavalryman; in plural cavalry, social class of Knights, businessmen exsul-is m/f exile fames famis f hunger, famine finis finis m/f boundary, limit, end purpose, death; in plural: territory flos floris m blossom, flower, youthful prime fons fontis m spring, fountain, source fortitudo inis f bravery, strength frater fratris m brother, cousin gens gentis f clan, tribe, family, race, nation gladiator is m gladiator hiems hiemis f winter, stormy weather homo hominis m human being, person, man, fellow hospes hospitis m guest, host, stranger hostis hostis m/f foreigner, enemy leo leonis m lion litus litoris n seashore, coast 11

lux lucis f mare maris n mater matris f mercator is m miles militis m mons montis m mors mortis f mos moris m

light, daylight, day, splendour, eyesight sea mother trader, merchant soldier mountain, huge rock death custom, usage, manner, style, civilization, law in plural: character, behaviour, morals multitudo multitudinis f great number, crowd, mob navis navis f ship nomen nominis n name nox noctis f night, darkness nubes nubis f cloud, smoke, gloominess oratio nis f speech, conversation pars partis f part, portion, share, office, role, party, side pater patris m father in plural: senators pax pacis f peace, tranquillity pes pedis m foot, foot in measurement pons pontis m bridge, deck potestas potestatis f power, authority, domination, command, opportunity princeps principis m chief, leader,emperor rex regis m king, tyrant sacerdos sacerdotis m/f priest, priestess senator is m senator senex senis m old man soror is f sister tempestas tempestatis fseason, time, weather, storm tempus temporis n time, season, opportunity timor is m fear, object of fear urbs urbis f city; Rome uxor is f wife victor is m conqueror, winner virtus virtutis f manliness, goodness, virtue, excellence courage, valour voluntas voluntatis f will, wish, choice, desire vulnus vulneris n wound, hurt, injury

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NOUNS
THIRD DECLENSION CONTINUERS LIST
accusatio onis f accusator -is m actor -is m admiratio onis f adulescens ntis m/f aedes aedis f aequor oris n aer aeris m aes aeris n aestas aestatis f aetas aetatis f aether is m altitudo altitudinis f amor-oris m amplitudo amplitudinis f ars artis f artifex artificis m arx arcis f as assis m auctor is m/f auris auris f caedes caedis f calamitas atis f calor is m captor is m caput capitis n carmen carminis n celeritas atis f certamen certaminis n cervix cervicis f cinis cineris m/f clades cladis f classis classis f cliens clientis m cognomen cognominis n cohors cohortis f accusation accuser, plaintiff, prosecutor plaintiff, advocate, agent; actor; herdsman admiration, wonder young man /girl temple; in plural house, room level surface, plain, sea air, atmosphere, mist copper, bronze, money, pay. aes alienum debt summer age, life-time, generation upper air, heaven, sky height, depth, loftiness love, beloved, Cupid, desire enlargement, amplification skill, art , work of art, profession, theory, cunning artist, maker, author stronghold, citadel, the Capitoline , defence, refuge copper, coin of small value creator, maker, inventor, teacher, founder, author, promoter, adviser, protector, guardian ear slaughter, murder, blood disaster, ruin, misfortune, defeat warmth, heat, passion, zeal, ardour captor head, top, source, beginning, life, person, leader, capital city song, poem, oracle, music swiftness, speed contest, struggle, battle, rivalry neck ashes, ruins defeat, destruction, ruin, plague, calamity fleet, army, class (of the Roman people) client, dependant family name; third name as in Gaius Iulius Caesar cohort (in army), bodyguard, attendants, farmyard

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collis collis m color is m comes comitis m/f condicio nis f coniunx coniugis m/f coniuratio nis f consul is m contentio nis f contio nis f corpus corporis n crimen criminis n crudelitas crudelitatis f cupiditas atis f decus decoris n dedecus dedecoris n defensor is m dictator is m difficultas atis f dignitas atis f

hill colour, complexion, outward show, excuse companion, comrade, partner, attendant condition, situation, stipulation, term, agreement husband, wife, spouse conspiracy, plot, band of conspirators consul exertion, contest, fight dispute, contrast, antithesis assembly, meeting, oration body, flesh, corpse, corporation charge, offence, fault, scandal, accusation, crime cruelty longing, desire, passion, ambition, avarice grace, glory, beauty, virtue, ornament disgrace, infamy, shame, dishonour defender, guardian, protector dictator difficulty, trouble worthiness, merit, dignity, authority office, value, honour discrimen discriminis n division, distinction, difference, crisis,risk dolor is m pain, grief, anguish, sorrow, resentment ductor is m leader, commander ensis ensis m sword facinus facinoris n deed, crime, outrage facultas atis f capability, possibility, means, opportunity, skill fas n divine law, right, obligation fax facis f torch, firebrand, love-flame, fire, torment flumen fluminis n stream, river foedus foederis n treaty, agreement fons fontis m spring, fountain, source formido formidinis f fear, terror, dread; a thing which frightens fors fortis f fortune, chance, accident fragor is m crash, noise fraus fraudis f deceit, fraud, crime frigus frigoris n cold, frost, winter frons frondis f leafy branches, foliage, leaves frons frontis f forehead, brow; front fruges frugum f pl fruits, crops fulmen fulminis n lightning, thunderbolt funus funeris n burial, funeral, funeral rites, death furor is m fury, rage, madness genetrix genetricis f mother genitor is m father, creator genus generis n birth, descent, origin, offspring, race, kind, family, nation

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gravitas atis f heros heroos m (Gk) honestas -atis f honor -is m horror -is m ianitor is m ignis ignis m imago imaginis f imber imbris m ius iuris n iuventus iuventutis f lapis lapidis m lar laris m laus laudis f legatio nis f libertas atis f libido libidinis f limen liminis n lumen luminis n magnitudo magnitudinis f maiores maiorum m pl manes manium m pl mens mentis f mensis mensis m milia passuum moenia moenium n pl moles molis f mulier is f munitio nis f munus muneris n nefas (indeclinable) nepos nepotis m nobilitas nobilitatis f numen numinis n obses obsidis m/f occasio nis f omen ominis n onus oneris n opinio nis f ops opis f opus operis n orator is m orbis orbis m

weight, heaviness, severity, authority hero honour, integrity honour, regard, office shivering, dread, awe, rigidity door-keeper, porter fire image, likeness, idea, appearance, ghost, phantom shower of rain law, right, authority, court of justice youth (time of life) stone, precious stone household god, home praise, glory, excellence, merit embassy freedom, liberty, outspokenness desire, lust, passion lintel, threshold, entrance light, daylight, day, lamp, torch life, eye, glory greatness, bulk, importance ancestors shades/ ghosts of the dead, gods of the Underworld mind, intellect, reason, judgment, disposition, intention month thousands of steps; i.e. miles town walls, fortified town huge mass, lump, massive structure; monster, trouble, effort, vast undertaking woman, wife, mistress fortifying, fortification function, duty; gift; public show sin, crime against gods, wicked action grandson, descendant; spendthrift renown, glory, high birth, excellence, nobleness divine will, divine presence, deity, god; nod hostage opportunity, appropriate time augury, sign, token (of good or bad luck) load, burden, affliction, trouble, responsibility opinion, belief, report, reputation, imagination power, might, strength, ability, help in plural wealth, resources, assistance work, effort, structure, in plural siege-works speaker, orator, advocate, ambassador circle, ring, wheel; orbis terrarum the world

15

ordo ordinis m os oris n os ossis n parens parentis m/f pavor is m pectus pectoris n pedes peditis m penates ium m pestis pestis f pietas pietatis f plebs plebis or plebes ei pondus ponderis n praedo praedonis m praetor is m preces um f pl proles prolis f pudor is m puppis puppis f quaestor is quies quietis f ratio rationis f

regio -nis f religio nis f rus ruris n sal salis m salus salutis f sanguis sanguinis m scelus sceleris n sedes sedis f sermo sermonis m sidus sideris n sol solis m sors sortis f spectator is m statio nis f stirps stirpis f supplex supplicis m/f suspicio nis f tellus telluris f terror is m

row,series, order, class of citizens, arrangement, rank mouth, face, speech bone father, mother, parent, ancestor, producer, source fear, dread, alarm, terror breast, heart, soul, feeling, courage, understanding foot-soldier, pedestrian in plural: infantry the household gods plague, destruction, ruin dutifulness, affection, loyalty, piety, gratitude f common people, plebeians, mob, common herd, weight, burden, value, importance, gravity brigand, pirate, robber magistrate chiefly concerned with courts/judicial function prayers, entreaties, curses (sg. prex) offspring, descendants, race shame, shyness, modesty, decency, dishonour stern, ship magistrate chiefly concerned with finances rest, quiet, repose, peace, sleep, death account, calculation, computation, business, matter, affair, consideration, reason, method, order, system, theory district, locality, line supernatural feeling of constraint, scruple, awe, superstition, sanctity, ritual country(side) salt, sea-water; shrewdness, wit health, safety, greeting blood, race, family, life, vigour crime seat, home, residence speech, talk, conversation, gossip, language star, constellation, climate, weather; glory sun, sunlight, the east lot, drawing of lots; response of oracle; fate, destiny; share witness, spectator, observer standing-place, armed post, guard, station, anchorage stock, stalk, plant, shrub, family, race, offspring, posterity suppliant, beggar suspicion, mistrust, trace earth, ground dread, terror

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testis testis m/f turris turris m valles/vallis vallis f vates vatis m/f vertex verticis m vesper is m vestis vestis f vires ium f pl virgo virginis f vis (vim, vi) f voluptas voluptatis f vox vocis f

witness tower valley prophet, bard, poet whirlpool, crown of the head, peak, top, summit evening, evening star, west garment, clothing, clothes strength, control, resources, assets, value girl of marriageable age, virgin strength, power, force, violence delight, pleasure, source of pleasure voice, sound, word, speech, language

Useful Note: English derivatives often come from the stem of the Latin noun.

Vertical, rural, sanguinary, vocal, luminous, piety, ponderous, remuneration, generic, fulminate.

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NOUNS FOURTH DECLENSION

(Masculine unless otherwise stated)

K-10 LIST

adventus cantus cornu n currus domus f equitatus exercitus exitus gemitus genu n impetus manus f metus portus sonitus tumultus usus

arrival, approach, attack song, singing horn, wing (army), trumpet, tip, peak chariot house, household, family cavalry army departure, outlet, end, result, death groan, lament knee attack, assault, urge hand, band of men, workman, power fear, awe, anxiety harbour, haven, port sound, noise uproar, disturbance, turbulence, alarm use, employment, experience, practice, dealings

DOMUS is an odd noun! domus doms domum domos doms domorum domui domibus domo domibus

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NOUNS
FOURTH DECLENSION CONTINUERS LIST
aditus adits m casus concursus consulatus cursus discessus fremitus fructus gradus ictus lacus luctus magistratus motus occasus risus senatus sensus sinus spiritus strepitus vultus

access, way, means, opportunity fall, overthrow, accident, chance, event, occasion, crowd, encounter, combination consulship running, course, voyage, journey, race, career separation, departure roaring, shouting, muttering, murmuring, loud sound fruit, crops, profit step, pace, rank, position, degree blow, stroke, metrical beat lake, pond grief, sorrow, lamentation magistracy, office, magistrate motion, commotion, disturbance, emotion, manoeuvre sun-setting, west, ruin, death laughter, smile senate feeling, perception, sensation, sense curve, fold, bay, lap, bosom, hiding-place, pocket breath, breeze, soul, spirit, life noise, din, clattering, rustling, uproar face, expression, features, looks

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NOUNS FIFTH DECLENSION

acies aciei f dies m/f fides fidei f res rei f spes spei f

K-10 LIST

battle-array, edge, point, sight of the eye day, daylight faith, trust, confidence, belief, loyalty,honesty thing, matter, affair, fact, condition, property, profit, world, lawsuit, case, exploit hope, expectation

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NOUNS
FIFTH DECLENSION CONTINUERS LIST
effigies effigiei f facies faciei f pernicies perniciei f species speciei f portrait, image, statue, ghost face, look, pretence, appearance, beauty destruction, ruin, fatal injury visual appearance, look, pretence, beauty, image, likeness, artistic representation

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PRONOUNS DEMONSTRATIVE/INTERROGATIVE ADJECTIVES K-10 LIST

ego me mei mihi me hic haec hoc ille illa illud is ea id nos nostrum nobis qui quae quod quid quis se sui sibi se I, me etc. this; the latter; he etc. that; the former; the well-known; he etc he, she , it; this, that we, us who, whom , whose, which, that; any; which? what? anything, something who? anyone, someone himself, herself, itself, themselves

tu te tui tibi te vos vestrum vobis

you etc. sng you etc pl.

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PRONOUNS
DEMONSTRATIVE, INDEFINITE & INTERROGATIVE ADJECTIVES CONTINUERS LIST
aliqui aliquae aliqua some, any (also adjective) aliquis aliquis aliquid someone, something; somewhat alius alia aliud another, different; alius..alius one another alter altera alterum the other, the former, the latter, another idem eadem idem the same ipse ipsa ipsum he himself, etc; the very nemo no one nescioquis someone nihil nothing; not at all quicumque quaecumque quodcumque whoever, whatever quidam quaedam quoddam a certain quisquam quaequam quicquam anyone, anybody, anything quisque quaeque quodque/quicque each, every, everybody, everything quisquis quoquod/quicquid whoever, whatever; everyone who quivis quaevis quodvis/quidvis who/what you please, anyone, anything uter utra utrum whichever, which of two, either one uterque utraque utrumque each of two

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ADJECTIVES K-10 LIST 1ST/2ND DECLENSION

aeger aegra aegrum altus antiquus barbarus benignus bonus carus certus ceterus clarus commodus contentus cunctus defessus densus dexter dextra dextrum durus extremus fessus fidus firmus frigidus geminus ignotus iratus laetus latus liber libera liberum longus maestus magnus malus manifestus medius meus sick high, deep ancient foreign, uncivilized kindly good dear, beloved, expensive certain other, (pl) the rest famous, clear convenient, suitable satisfied, content whole exhausted thick right (side) hard, harsh furthest, last, utmost tired loyal, faithful firm, steadfast cold twin, double unknown angry happy wide free long sad big bad clear, plain to see middle (of) my 24

miser misera miserum unhappy, wretched multus much noster nostra nostrum our notus known novus new nudus naked obscurus dark, hidden parvus small pauci few pius dutiful, devoted placidus peaceful pulcher pulchra pulchrum beautiful, handsome rarus uncommon, wide apart reliquus remaining sacer sacra sacrum sacred securus carefree sordidus dirty suus his, her, its, their (own) tacitus silent tuus your vacuus empty varius diverse, versatile, mottled vastus vast verus true vester vestra vestrum your (pl)

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3RD DECLENSION acer acris acre audax (-cis) brevis celer celeris celere crudelis difficilis dulcis facilis felix (-cis) fidelis fortis gracilis gravis humilis inanis inermis ingens (-ntis) lenis levis lvis militaris mirabilis mortalis nobilis omnis sapiens tenuis tristis utilis keen, fierce bold short quick, swift cruel difficult sweet easy happy, lucky, fertile faithful brave, strong slender heavy, serious low empty unarmed huge soft, mild, gentle light, trivial smooth warlike, of the army wonderful mortal high-ranking, of noble birth all wise thin sad, grim useful

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ADJECTIVES
acerbus acutus adversus aequus aeternus alienus amabilis 3 ambo ae -o amens 3 amplus angustus aptus arduus ater atrox 3 aureus beatus caecus caeruleus calidus callidus candidus cautus celeber 3 civilis 3 communis 3 complures 3pl conscius consularis is e continuus contrarius creber -bra brum cupidus curvus demens 3 dignus dirus diversus

CONTINUERS LIST (all declensions)

sour, bitter, crude, rough, grievous sharp opposite, against even, equal, level, impartial everlasting anothers, foreign amiable, pleasant both mad, frantic large, distinguished, important narrow, scanty suitable steep, high black, gloomy savage, fierce golden happy, blessed blind, hidden blue, green-blue, dark-coloured hot skilful, crafty bright, white, fair cautious populous, renowned civic, political, polite shared, common, public several knowing, aware of consular rank, belonging to a consul successive, continuous opposite, hostile thick, frequent, numerous desiring, eager crooked, bent senseless worthy fearful, awful separate, unlike, different

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dives 3 divinus divus dubius duplex 3 egregius elegans 3 eruditus exiguus facundus falsus familiaris 3 fatalis 3 ferox 3 ferreus ferus fervidus finitimus foedus frequens 3 fretus

rich divine godlike, deified doubtful, uncertain twofold excellent fine, tasteful learned scanty, small, poor eloquent false of the household, intimate, very friendly destined, fateful wild, fierce of iron, hard wild, savage boiling, fiery adjoining foul, vile frequent, crowded relying on + abl.

gratus horridus humanus idoneus ignarus ignavus immanis 3 immobilis 3 immortalis 3 impius improbus improvisus imus inauditus incolumis 3 incredibilis 3 indignus inferior 3 inferus infestus

welcome, pleasing rough, bristly human, civilized fit, suitable ignorant lazy, cowardly huge, monstrous immovable immortal wicked, irreverant bad, disloyal, excessive unforeseen bottom of unheard of safe incredible unworthy, undeserving lower below (pl. the dead) hostile, dangerous

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infirmus inhonestus iniquus innocens 3 insignis 3 integer interior 3 invalidus invisus invitus iustus laevus lentus maritimus maturus memor 3 mirus mitis 3 mutuus necessarius necesse nefarius niger nimius nocturnus nullus occultus opportunus

weak, feeble shameful unequal, unjust, uneven harmless, innocent notable, distinguished whole, innocent, pure inner infirm, weak hateful unwilling just, lawful, fair left (side), unfavourable slow, clinging of the sea ripe, early mindful, unforgetting wonderful mild, soothing mutual necessary, connected by ties of friendship essential wicked black excessive by night not any, no hidden convenient

par 3 equal, fair patrius of father, ancestral, of native land pavidus fearful, terrified perfidus faithless, treacherous peritus skilled + gen. perpetuus continuous, everlasting plenus full plerique very many plus 3 more posterus following, future potens 3able, powerful praeceps 3 headlong praecipuus particular, special

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praeclarus prior 3 priscus privatus probus propinquus proprius proximus publicus qualis 3 quantus quot recens 3 rectus regius repentinus saevus salvus sanctus sanus scelestus secundus serus similis 3 singularis 3 sinister situs sollemnis 3 sollicitus solus stultus suavis 3 summus superus supremus talis 3 tantus tener terribilis 3 timidus tot totidem

excellent, splendid former, in front, earlier ancient private honest, good near, neighbouring ones own nearest, next public, common of what sort? how great, as great as how many? fresh, recent straight, right, direct kingly, royal sudden savage, cruel violent safe, sound sacred, holy healthy, rational wicked second, following, favourable (wind) late like, resembling unusual left (side) positioned solemn, ceremonial worried, uneasy alone, lonely, sole foolish sweet, pleasant highest, top of upper, heavenly highest, last such, of such kind so great soft, tender, young frightening fearful so many the same number as

30

totus tranquillus trepidus turpis 3 tutus ullus ulterior ultimus universus validus vanus vehemens 3 velox 3 vetus 3 vicinus viridis 3 virilis 3

whole calm anxious, trembling, alarmed ugly, base, dishonourable safe any farther away last, utmost entire, (pl) all together strong empty, vain, useless violent, powerful swift old neighbouring green, fresh manly, male, vigorous

31

ADVERBS K-10 LIST

adeo antea bene celeriter circiter cotidie cras cur deinde denique diligenter diu eo etiam facile fere ferociter fortiter frustra graviter heri hic hinc hodie huc iam ibi igitur illic illinc illuc inde intente interea interim to such an extent before well quickly around, about every day tomorrow why then finally carefully, hard for a long time there, to that place also, even easily almost fiercely bravely in vain heavily, seriously yesterday here from here today to here now, already there therefore there from there to there from there intently meanwhile meanwhile 32

ita mox non nondum numquam nunc paene paulisper paulum postea postremo postridie quo quoque rursus saepe satis semper simul statim subito tam tamen tandem tum ubi ubique umquam unde undique

in such a way soon not not yet never now almost a little while a little afterwards finally the next day where to? also again often enough always at the same time immediately suddenly so + adj./adv. however at last, finally then where? everywhere ever where from? from all sides

33

ADVERBS CONTINUERS LIST

abhinc acriter adhuc aegre aeque aliquamdiu aliquando aliter amplius aperte attente breviter certe cito clam continuo crudeliter demum eodem ergo feliciter foede foras forsitan fortasse forte furtim haud ibidem identidem ideo impune interdiu ago, from this time/place fiercely, sharply to this point, still with difficulty, scarcely equally for some time sometimes, formerly otherwise, else more openly carefully briefly surely, indeed, at least soon secretly immediately cruelly at last to the same place, for the same purpose therefore, then luckily, happily foully out of doors, forth perhaps perhaps by chance by stealth not at the same place again and again for that reason, therefore with impunity by day

34

interdum intus iterum leniter leviter longe magis magnopere male mane modo multo nequaquam nequiquam non iam nonne num nuper nusquam obviam ocius olim omnino palam partim parum passim paulo placide potius praeterea pridie primo primum prius procul profecto propterea protinus qua

sometimes inside, at home again mildly, gently lightly far off, very much more, rather greatly badly in the morning, early only, just now, now...now... by much, by far by no means, not at all in vain no longer is it not that ...? surely not? recently nowhere in the way of, to meet ... sooner, swifter once, formerly, some day altogether openly partly too little here and there by a little peacefully rather besides, moreover on the day before in the first place first, for the first time before far away assuredly therefore forthwith, immediately, straight on where, by what means, how, in so far as

35

quam quando quidem quin etiam quomodo quondam quotiens recte repente retro rite sane sapienter scilicet semel sero sic sponte stulte suaviter supra tacite tamquam tantum temere totidem totiens ultro una usquam usque utinam utrimque utrum valde varie vehementer vero videlicet vix

how, than when? indeed, in fact; ne ...quidem not even why not, indeed how formerly, some day how often rightly, straight suddenly back duly certainly wisely evidently, to be sure once, a single time late thus, like this of ones own accord foolishly sweetly above silently just as so much, only, just rashly, at random just so many so often of ones own accord at the same time, together anywhere all the way, constantly if only ..... from both sides whether very much in different ways strongly in fact, truly, certainly evidently, plainly namely hardly, scarcely, with difficulty

36

VERBS FIRST CONJUGATION K-10 LIST

Principal parts are are avi -atum unless otherwise specified. aestimo value, estimate, consider agito drive, shake, exercise, disturb ambulo walk amo love appropinquo approach canto sing, recite, enchant celebro crowd, frequent, celebrate celo hide ceno dine circumspecto look around clamo shout cogito consider, ponder, think, intend colloco place, arrange, lay out comparo acquire, compare, provide for delecto entice, delight despero despair do dare dedi datum give excito wake up, rouse up, raise exspecto wait for, await festino hurry fugo chase, drive out, rout gusto taste habito live, dwell impero order, command, rule over + dative incito stir up, incite intro enter iuvo iuvare iuvi iutum help laboro work laudo praise libero set free mando command, entrust to muto change, exchange 37

narro tell, narrate navigo sail neco kill nuntio announce, report orno adorn, honour oro beg, plead, beseech paro prepare porto carry postulo demand, require, request praesto stare-stiti- stitum/statum stand out, be superior to, surpass pugno fight puto think rogo ask servo save, protect, preserve specto look at, watch, regard spero hope sto stare steti statum stand, be fixed, persist supero surpass, defeat, conquer, survive tempto try, attempt, test, prove verbero beat, flog vitupero blame, curse voco call, summon, name vulnero wound, hurt

38

FIRST CONJUGATION CONTINUERS LIST Principal parts are are avi -atum unless otherwise specified.

accuso adiuvo administro adsto (-stiti) aedifico appello arbitror (dep) armo

accuse, blame help, favour manage, serve stand at, stand by, assist build call, bring to court, accuse, name think, observe, believe arm, equip, rig out

castigo punish, chastise circumdo (dedi, datum) surround, enclose cito summon, encourage, excite cohortor (dep) cheer up encourage commemoro recall, mention concilio win over, call together, recommend concito rouse, disturb condemno condemn, doom, convict confirmo strengthen, prove, confirm coniuro conspire conor (dep) try, venture conservo preserve considero consider, inspect, contgemplate constat it is agreed convoco call together creo create, elect, cause crucio torture, crucify cunctor (dep) delay, linger curo take care of, attend to , worry, heal damno delibero demonstro dimico dissimulo dubito erro condemn, sentence consult, deliberate point at, prove, show fight disguise, hide, pretend doubt, hesitate wander, make a mistake, vacillate

39

evoco exclamo excuso exhortor (dep) existimo explico exploro expugno exsulto firmo for (dep) fumo

call out, summon call out excuse, plead as excuse, absolve encourage, exhort judge, value, think unfold, display, spread out, explain reconnoitre, test, investigate take by assault jump about, exult make firm, strengthen, establish speak, say smoke, steam

hortor (dep) iacto ignoro imitor (dep) imploro invoco iudico iuro levo loco

exhort, encourage throw, hurl, boast be ignorant of, not know copy, resemble invoke, entreat, appeal call upon, pray for judge, sentence, decide, give judgement swear, conspire lift, support, relieve place, station

memoro minor (dep) miror (dep) miseror (dep) monstro moror (dep) nego noto obsecro observo obtestor (dep) occulto occupo oppugno opto

remind of, mention, relate threaten + dative wonder at, be amazed at, admire lament, pity show, reveal delay, linger deny, refuse, say ....not mark, write down, brand implore, beg watch, respect call upon as witness, invoke hide seize, occupy, engross attack choose, desire

40

paco perturbo placo precor (dep) privo probo recuso regno restat retardo revoco

bring under control, settle down, pacify disorder, confuse, disturb calm, placate, appease pray to , beseech, ask for, invoke deprive (of) test, recommend, approve of, prove decline, reject, refuse reign, be king it remains, is left delay call back, recall

seco (secui, sectum)cut simulo imitate, copy, pretend sono (sonui, sonitum)sound, make a noise spolio plunder, rob, strip suspicor (dep) suspect testor (dep) trepido turbo vagor (dep) vasto verso versor (dep) veto (vetui vetitum) vexo vigilo vito be a witness, invoke as witness shake, be nervous, tremble confuse, disturb, trouble wander, roam destroy, plunder, lay waste turn round, spin, adapt, ponder come and go, be involved, concern oneself, pass time in forbid upset, agitate, afflict, annoy watch, be awake, stay awake avoid

41

SECOND CONJUGATION K-10 LIST

augeo -re auxi auctum commoveo re -movi motum compleo re -evi etum debeo re ui itum deleo re evi etum doceo re ui doctum doleo re ui itum exerceo re ui itum faveo re favi fautum fleo re flevi fletum habeo re habui habitum iaceo re iacui impleo re evi etum iubeo re iussi iussum lateo re ui maneo re mansi mansum moneo re ui itum moveo re movi motum noceo re -ui itum obsideo re sedi sessum obtineo re ui tentum pareo re parui persuadeo re si sum placeo re ui prohibeo re ui itum respondeo re di sum retineo re -ui tentum rideo re risi risum sedeo re sedi sessum sustineo re -tinui-tentum taceo re -ui itum teneo re ui tentum terreo re -ui itum timeo re -ui video re vidi visum increase stir up, move, affect fill, complete, fulfil owe, be obliged; ought, must efface, destroy teach, tell, explain feel pain, grieve train, employ, practise, harass favour, support + dative weep, cry, bewail have, hold, contain, regard, treat lie, be situated fill, fulfil order, command lie hid, escape notice stay, remain, await warn, advise move, stir, affect, provoke hurt, injure + dative besiege, blockade hold, support, obtain, prevail obey, submit to + dative persuade + dative please, satisfy + dative; placet it seems good, it is agreed keep off, prevent, forbid replay, answer hold back, detain, retain laugh, smile sit hold up, support, withstand, endure be silent hold, keep, occupy, keep in check terrify, frighten fear, be afraid see, understand 42

SECOND CONJUGATION CONTINUERS LIST

adhibeo re -ui itum appareo re -ui itum ardeo re arsi arsum audeo re ausus sum careore -ui itum caveore cavi cautum censeore censui censum cieore civi citum confiteor ri confessus sum contineore -ui tentum decet decuit defleore vi tum egeore -ui fateorri fassus sum gaudeo re gavisus sum haereore haesi haesum horreore immineore impendeore indulgeore indulsi indultum invideore invidi invisum libet libuit licet licuit lugeore luxi luctum mereorri meritus sum misceore -ui mixtum/mistum misereorri miseritus sum apply, hold to, use, admit appear; +dat: attend to burn, be inflamed, blaze dare, venture be without, lack, miss + dat. beware, take care count, reckon, assess, estimate, think, decree move, shake, rouse, provoke confess, admit hold together, contain, keep, confine, prevent it is proper, right, becoming weep for, bewail need, require, lack, be without +gen. or abl. confess, acknowledge rejoice, be glad stick, cling, be fixed bristle, shiver, shudder, look rough overhang, threaten, be imminent hang over, impend be kind to, grant, give way to + dat. envy, grudge, hate + dat. it pleases, is agreeable + mihi I want, feel like it is lawful, permitted +mihi I am allowed mourn, lament earn, deserve mix, mingle, stir up, confound pity + gen.

oportet oportuit pateore -ui accessible pendeore pependi

it is necessary, proper be open, be exposed, be evident, be hang down, depend on, be uncertain

43

perterreore -ui itum pertineore -ui to polliceorri pollicitus sum praebeore -ui itum praesideore -sedi provideore -vidi visum pudet puduit reor reri ratus sum sileore -ui soleore solitus sum studeore -ui stupeore -ui suadeore suasi suasum taedet taeduit torqueore torsi tortum tueor ri tuitus sum urgeore ursi on valeore -ui itum vereorri veritus sum voveore vovi votum

frighten thoroughly continue through to, reach, belong to, pertain promise offer, present, show, provide preside over, protect, superintend +dat. foresee, provide for be ashamed think, suppose, deem be silent be accustomed to be keen on, devote oneself to, study +dat. be stunned, astonished advise, recommend, urge be tired of turn, twist, hurl, torture, distort, whirl look at, view, keep safe, watch over, look after press, squeeze, shove, spur on, follow closely

be well, be strong, have the ability to; farewell fear, respect vow, pray, long for

44

THIRD CONJUGATION K-10 LIST

addo ere addidi additum agnosco ere agnovi agnitum ago ere egi actum add, give, bring to recognize, acknowledge drive, act, do, rouse, urge, deal, behave, pass amitto ere amisi amissum lose, dismiss, let fall, let slip ascendo ere ascendi ascensum mount, climb, ascend bibo ere bibi bibitum cado ere cecidi casum cogo ere coegi coactum drink, absorb fall, be slain, abate, happen drive together, collect, force, compel

concedo ere concessi concessum withdraw, yield, allow, grant contendo ere contendi contentum stretch, strain, fight, strive, march, hasten coquo ere coxi coctum credo ere credidi creditum curro ere cucurri cursum defendo ere defendi defensum desisto ere destiti destitum dico ere dixi dictum dimitto ere dimisi dimissum release, cook, bake +dat. believe, trust, entrust run, hurry defend, guard, preserve, keep off leave off, cease, desist from say, tell, call, declare,designate send away, dismiss, disband,

divorce discedo ere discessi discessum go off, depart duco ere duxi ductum lead, conduct, draw, bring, guide, think, esteem, marry, pass, spend emitto ere emisi emissum emo ere mi emptum fallo ere fefelli falsum fluo ere fluxi fluxum send out, set free, let fall, buy cheat, deceive, escape notice flow, stream, proceed from 45

gero ere gessi gestum

wear, carry on, govern, achieve,

impono ere imposui impositum put upon, assign, place in command intellego ere intellexi intellectum understand mitto ere misi missum send, cast, hurl occido ere occidi occasum fall down, set, die, be ruined occdo ere occdi occsum kill ostendo ere ostendi ostentum/-sum show, demonstrate, offer,hold out pello ere pepuli pulsum permitto ere misi missum peto ere petivi petitum pono ere posui positum premo ere pressi pressum promitto ere misi- missum quaero ere quaesivi quaesitum reddo ere reddidi redditum rego ere rexi rectum relinquo ere reliqui relictum resisto ere restiti rumpo ere rupi ruptum scribo ere scripsi scriptum statuo ere statui statutum tango ere tetigi tactum tollo ere sustuli sublatum traho ere traxi tractum vendo ere vendidi venditum verto ere verti versum push, strike, drive out, banish let through, allow, permit, grant make for, seek, fetch, seek after, attack, ask for, be a candidate put, place, lay, station, appoint press, oppress, squeeze, thrust, overpower, afflict, pursue send forth, promise, let forth look for, get, procure, enquire into give back, return, restore, give up rule, guide, conduct, direct leave behind, disregard stop; +dat. resist, stand up to burst, break off, force open, violate write, compose place, put up, set up, appoint, decide, judge touch, reach, be next to, arrive at, lift, raise, remove, steal, eliminate draw, drag, trail, draw out, extend sell, betray for money turn, overthrow,change, transform, translate

46

vinco ere vici victum vivo ere vixi victum

conquer, defeat,subdue, win, exceed, excel, prevail live, be alive, survive

47

THIRD CONJUGATION CONTINUERS LIST

accedo ere accessi accessum accidit accurro ere accurri accursum adduco ere adduxi adductum adimo ere ademi ademptum adloquor adloqui adlocutus sum (all-) admitto ere admisi admissum adverto ere adverti adversum amplector amplecti amplexus sum animadverto ere verti versum arcesso ere arcessivi arcessitum attingo ere attigi attactum cano ere cecini cantum approach, attack, be added, come over to it happens to run to bring to, induce, contract take away, deprive, rescue speak to, address let in, admit, grant, permit, let go, commit turn to, direct to, apply embrace, surround, contain, cherish notice,attend to, observe,avenge, punish, blame send for, summon, accuse touch, arrive at, border on, affect, mention,achieve, relate to

sing, play (music), recite, prophesy, sound cedo ere cessi cessum go, walk, come to pass, fail to, yield, give way, withdraw, allow, grant, give up cerno ere crevi cretum discern, perceive, decide, accept formally cingo -ere cinxi cinctum surround, crown, gird claudo ere clausi clausum shut, conclude, enclose, imprison, besiege cognosco ere cognovi cognitum learn, get to know, understand, observe collabor collabi collapsus sum collapse, fall in ruins colligo ere collegi collectum collect, assemble, acquire, pick up, reckon colloquor colloqui collocutus sum converse, talk together colo ere colui cultum cultivate, take care of, honour, worship, dwell, adorn, practise committo ere commisi commissum join, commit, entrust, match, compare, begin engage in, venture compono ere composui compositum put together, arrange, compose, adjust, compare, construct, settle, appease comprehendo ere comprehendi sum seize, grasp, include, embrace, describe,understand concido ere concidi fall, decay, be killed, die

48

concdo ere concdi concsum concurro ere concurri concursum

cut down, weaken, destroy, kill run together, assemble,meet, join battle, happen at the same time condo ere condidi conditum build, found,compose, make; hide, preserve, bury, thrust into conduco ere conduxi conductum assemble, hire, undertake, profit confido ere confisus sum +dat. trust, have confidence in coniungo ere coniunxi coniunctum join together, unite, connect conscendo ere, conscendi, conscensummount, ascend, embark conscribo ere conscripsi conscriptum enlist, enrol, compose, write consequor consequi consecutus sum follow, overtake, get, procure, reach, imitate, befall, achieve, bring about consido ere consedi consessum sit down, settle, sink, encamp, hold a session consisto ere constiti constitum stand fast, make a stand, exist, consist of; halt, cease constituo ere constitui constitutum put, set, appoint, decree, decide, fix, establish, agree on, manage, intend, settle construo ere construxi constructum heap up, build, make consuesco ere consuevi consuetum be accustomed, become accustomed consulo ere consului consultum take counsel, consider, consult; + dat: consult the interests of; provide for contemno ere contempsi contemptum scorn, despise contingo ere contigi contactum touch, seize, border on, reach, influence, stain, come to pass, be connected with contraho ere contraxi contractum draw together, gather, tighten, abridge, agree, get, cause converto ere converti conversum turn around, convert, change, translate corrumpo ere corrupi corruptum spoil, destroy, falsify, bribe, seduce, corrupt cresco ere crevi cretum grow, arise, get advantage, increase decedo ere decessi decessum decerno ere decrevi decretum decurro ere decurri decursum dedo ere dedidi deditum deduco ere deduxi deductum depart, retire, yield, cease, die, disappear distinguish, decide, judge, settle, propose run down, sail downstream, have recourse to surrender, abandon, yield lead/draw down, bring away, launch, conduct, escort, derive, compose, withdraw,subtract, found (colony)

49

deligo ere delegi delectum demitto ere demisi demissum depello ere depuli depulsum depono ere deposui depositum deprehendo ere ndi nsum descendo ere descendi descensum desero ere deserui desertum desino ere desivi desitum diffido ere diffisus sum diffundo ere diffudi diffusum diligo ere dilexi dilectum disco ere didici dispello ere dispuli dispulsum divido ere divisi divisum edo ere di sum do ere didi ditum educo ere eduxi eductum effundo ere effusi effusum eligo ere elegi electum eloquor eloqui elocutus sum erigo ere erexi erectum evado ere evasi evasum excedo ere excessi excessum exigo ere exegi exactum expello ere expuli expulsum expono ere exposui expositum expromo ere exprompsi expromptum ex(s)tinguo ere tinxi tinctum extraho ere extraxi extractum

choose, select lower, sed down, dismeiss, plunge, depose expel, dislodge, avert lay aside, commit, entrust, resign, fix catch, find out, discern, perceive, reach, overtake, catch in the act, surprise descend, fall, alight, slope, demean oneself forsake, desert, give up, fail cease, desist + dat: lack confidence in, despair pour forth, spread, cheer hold dear, love, esteem highly learn drive apart, drive away, disperse separate, divide, distribute, distinguish, break up eat, devour put forth, emit, publish, proclaim, cause lead/ draw out, raise, educate, produce pour out, shed, discharge, let fall, waste choose speak out utter raise, build go out, come out, escape, avoid, turn out go out, withdraw, go beyond, die, exceed drive out, thrust, exact, finish, examine expel, banish, reject set out, explain, publish, exhibit, disembark bring out, disclose quench, kill, destroy draw out, extract, prolong

fido ere fisus sum figo ere fixi fixum fingo ere finxi fictum flecto ere flexi flexum frango ere fregi fractum fruor frui fructus sum fundo ere fudi fusum

+dat. or abl. trust, have confidence fix, fasten, extablish shape, fashion, contrive, invent bend, curve, turn, prevail on, soften break, crush, vanquish, weaken + abl. enjoy, profit by pour, shed, rout, scatter, produce

50

fungor fungi functus sum furo ere furui gemo ere gemui gemitum ignosco ere ignovi ignotum immergo ere immersi immersum impello ere impuli impulsum incendo ere incendi incensum includo ere inclusi inclusum incolo ere incolui induco ere induxi inductum insequor insequi insecutus sum instituo ere institui institutum instruct intendo ere intendi intentum/-sum intercludo ere interclusi interclusum intermitto ere intermisi intermissum interpello ere interpuli interpulsum invado ere invasi invasum irrumpo ere irrupi irruptum iungo ere iunxi iunctum labor labi lapsus sum lego ere legi lectum loquor loqui locutus sum ludo ere lusi lusum manumitto ere misi missum metuo ere metui metutum minuo ere minui minutum nascor nasci natus sum neglego ere neglexi neglectum nosco ere novi notum obliviscor oblivisci oblitus sum occurro ere occurri occursum omitto ere omisi omissum opprimo ere oppressi oppressum parco ere peperci

+acc. or abl. perform, discharge rage, be furious, be mad, be wild moan, groan, lament over +dat. forgive, pardon plunge into, immerse push against, impel, urge on set fire to, kindle, inflame, aggravate shut in, enclose dwell in, inhabit lead into, introduce, persuade follow closely, pursue, persecute, come after set up, found, build, make, establish, stretch, strain, exert, direct cut off, blockade, hinder leave off, leave a gap interrupt, obstruct go into, invade, rush into, seize, attack break into, rush into, interrupt yoke, harness, join, clasp (hands), unite slide, slip, fall, drop, perish gather, choose, read speak, talk play, tease, trick set free, emancipate fear, be afraid of/to lessen, impair, abate, make smalle be born, proceed from, rise, grow overlook, neglect, do without learn to know, get knowledge of, know forget +dat. run to, meet, appear before, occur let go, give up, neglect, disregard, cease press against, crush, overpower, surprise,suppress, conceal, cover +dat. spare, pardon, forbear, be thrifty, refrain from

51

perago ere peregi peractum perdo ere perdidi perditum pergo ere perrexi perrectum persolvo ere persolvi persolutum porrigo ere porrexi porrectum posco ere poposci praemitto ere misi missum prehendo ere prehendi prehensum procedo ere processi processum procurro ere procurri procursum prodo ere prodidi proditum produco ere produxi productum proficiscor proficisci profectus sum propono ere proposui propositum prosequor prosequi prosecutus sum proveho ere provexi provectum quaeso ere quaesivi quaesitum queror queri questus sum quiesco ere quievi quietum redimo ere redemi redemptum reduco ere reduxi reductum remitto ere remisi remissum repello ere repuli repulsum repeto ere repetivi repetitum reprehendo ere reprehendi sum requiesco ere requievi requietum requiro ere requisivi requisitum restituo ere restitui restitutum retraho ere retraxi retractum revertor reverti reversus sum ruo ere rui rutum secerno ere secrevi secretum

execute, finish, accomplish, pierce through, pass through, relate lose, destroy, ruin, waste, spoil, impair advance, continue, proceed, go on pay in full, pay off put forward, extend, stretch out, offer demand, demand for trial etc. send in advance seize, take hold of, catch go forward, proceed, advance, be successful run forwards, extend betray, nominate, publish, give birth to, hand down bring forward, draw out, lengthen, prolong set out, depart, arise from put out, display, expose, report follow up, pursue, accompany carry forward, convey ask for, pray, please! complain, protest rest, keep quiet buy back, ransom, redeem, rescue, buy off bring back, withdraw, reduce to send back, relax, grant, remit drive back, reject return to, demand back, recall, attack again,repeat catch hold of, censure, rebuke rest, quieten down, take holiday seek, need, ask about replace, restore, revive, give back, reinstate drag back, summon back, win back, withdraw come back, return collapse, fall into ruin, rush headlong, overthrow, sweep headlong cut off, set aside, treat as distinct

52

sequor sequi secutus sum sino ere sivi situm sisto ere steti/stiti statum solvo ere solvi solutum spargo ere sparsi sparsum sperno ere sprevi spretum sterno ere stravi stratum flatten stringo ere strinxi strictum subduco ere subduxi subductum subsequor subsequi subsecutus sum succedo ere successi successum succurro ere succurri succursum sumo ere sumpsi sumptum supprimo ere suppressi suppressum surgo ere surrexi surrectum tego ere texi tectum tendo ere tetendi tentum/tensum for, trado ere tradidi traditum down, traduco ere traduxi traductum ulciscor ulcisci ultus sum utor uti usus sum vado ere veho ere vexi vectum vescor vesci volvo ere volvi volutum

follow, come after, attend, aim at, conform to let, allow, permit, leave alone, grant set up, erect, plant, stand firm loosen, separate, melt, open, perform, release, pay strew, scatter, sprinkle, let stream out, spread about disdain, scorn, disregard spread, extend, level, make subside, draw tight, skin, graze, pluck, prune, draw (weapon) draw from below, extricate, steal follow closely, succeed go below, come up to, take the place of +dat. run to help, come into mind take, receive, spend, adopt, assume, take on suppress, keep back, contain, stop rise, stand high, grow tall cover, hide, roof over, shield, protect stretch out, pitch tent, string bow, make reach, aim at hand over, deliver, surrender, hand relate, tell of lead over, lead across, transfer, convert avenge + abl. use, employ, apply, enjoy, practise advance, proceed carry, convey, passive ride eat, put to use, feed on roll, cause to roll, unroll, turn over in mind

53

THIRD CONJUGATION (-io) K-10 LIST

accipio ere accepi acceptum accept, receive, hear, learn, get

capio ere cepi captum take, seize, capture, get, obtain conficio ere confeci confectum accomplish, finish, effect conspicio ere conspexi conspectum catch sight of, see, observe cupio ere cupivi cupitum long for, desire, want efficio ere effeci effectum effugio ere effugi effugitum eicio ere eieci eiectum excipio ere excepi exceptum facio ere feci factum fugio ere fugi fugitum effect, accomplish, make, produce, escape, avoid, be unnoticed throw out,thrust out, expel, vomit exempt, release, catch, receive, listen make, do, cause, compose, practise, value flee, run away, go into exile, shun

iacio ere ieci iectum throw, hurl, toss, utter incipio ere incepi inceptum begin, undertake interficio ere interfeci interfectum kill, destroy obicio ere obieci obiectum throw before, expose, interpose, lay,to charge

praeficio ere praefeci praefectum put in charge of, appoint rapio ere rapui raptum snatch, tear away, catch off,plunder recipio ere recepi receptum get back, regain, recover, withdraw, accept, undertake respicio ere respexi respectum look around for, look back at, take notice of suscipio ere suscepi susceptum take up, support, receive, adopt, 54

undertake, perform, venture on, accept

55

THIRD CONJUGATION (-io) CONTINUERS LIST

abicio-ere abieci abiectum adicio ere adieci adiectum afficio ere affeci affectum aggredior aggredi aggressus sum arripio ere arripui arreptum aspicio ere aspexi aspectum aufugio ere aufugi congredior congredi congressus sum conicio-ere conieci coniectum corripio ere corripui correptum decipio ere decepi deceptum deficio ere defeci defectum deicio ere deieci deiectum despicio ere despexi despectum diffugio ere diffugi diffugitum diripio ere diripui direptum egredior egredi egressus sum eripio ere eripui ereptum ingredior ingredi ingressus sum morior mori mortuus sum pario ere peperi paritum/partum procure patefacio ere patefeci patefactum patior pati passus sum be perficio ere perfeci perfectum perspicio ere perspexi perspectum praecipio ere praecepi praeceptum progredior progredi progressus sum proicio ere proieci proiectum throw away, give up, humble, debase throw to, add to affect, move, influence approach, attack, undertake snatch away, take hold of, pick up, arrest look at, look towards, consider flee away meet, join battle throw together, cast, fling,conjecture, interpret snatch up, rebuke, hasten, seize deceive, cheat fail, cease, faint, be discouraged, decay, die, forsake throw down, dislodge, kill, rob of, look down upon, despise flee in different directions, scatter, disperse snatch away, tear to pieces, rob, loot march out, set sail, go beyond snatch away, take by force, rescue step into, enter, begin, walk die, fail, decay bring forth, produce, create, bear, open, throw open, disclose, bring to light bear, undergo, suffer, allow, leave, let finish, perform, complete, accomplish look through, look into, examine, inspect obtain in advance, anticipate, teach, recommend, order march forwards,go on, proceed throw forth, fling away, expose

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reficio ere refeci refectum regredior regredi regressus sum subicio ere subieci subiectum expose, suspicio ere suspexi suspectum suspicious of traicio ere traieci traiectum

restore, repair, reappoint go back, return, retreat throw up, place before, put under, introduce, make subject to look up at, esteem, admire,be

cast over, convey across, transfix, thrust through, transfer, cross over

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FOURTH CONJUGATION K-10 LIST

In many of these verbs, the perfect in ivi may be written as ii. advenio ire adveni adventum aperio ire aperui apertum audio ire audivi auditum comperio ire comperi compertum consentio ire consensi consensum convenio ire conveni conventum custodio ire custodivi custoditum desilio ire desilui desultum dormio ire dormivi dormitum come to, arrive at open, discover, show hear, listen, obey find out, learn, know consent, agree, decree, conspire assemble, meet, agree, fit, suit watch, guard, preserve jump down, alight sleep

haurio ire hausi haustum impedio ire impedivi impeditum invenio ire inveni inventum munio ire munivi munitum nescio nescire nescivi nescitum pervenio ire perveni perventum punio ire punivi punitum reperio ire repperi repertum revenio ire reveni reventum scio ire scivi scitum

drink, drain, derive, have ones fill of entangle, hamper, hinder find, invent, discover fortify, build, defend not know, be unaware of arrive at, reach punish, avenge find, discover, invent come back, return know 58

sentio ire sensi sensum servio ire servivi servitum venio ire veni ventum vincio ire vinxi vinctum

feel, perceive, notice + dat. serve, be of use to, be a slave, be subject to come, arrive, arise bind, tie up

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FOURTH CONJUGATION CONTINUERS LIST

*In many of these verbs, the perfect in ivi may be written as ii. adorior adoriri adortus sum coorior cooriri coortus sum expedio ire expedivi expeditum attack, undertake, try arise, break forth extricate, free, make ready; it is expedient rise, appear, arise, begin, be born get, obtain, receive, possess bury, suppress * dat. come to the help of, relieve arrive; + dat. come up to

orior oriri ortus sum potior potiri potitus sum sepelio ire sepelivi sepultum subvenio ire subveni subventum supervenio ire superveni superventum

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IRREGULAR VERBS K-10 LIST

abeo abire abivi abitum absum abesse afui adeo adire adivi aditum adsum adesse adfui eo ire ivi/ii itum exeo exire exivi exitum fero ferre tuli latum infero inferre intuli illatum nolo nolle nolui pereo perire perii peritum ruined possum posse potui redeo redire redii reditum supersum esse fui volo velle volui go away, depart, escape be absent, be away, be distant; be lacking go to, approach, address, accost be present, be near, arrive; + dat. help go, march, proceed go out, die, rise carry, bring, bear, lead, carry off, endure, tell bring in, produce, cause, inflict, bring forward to attack not wish, be unwilling, refuse vanish, disappear, perish, be be able, can, have power to come back, return have the strength for, be left over, survive, remain be willing, wish, want, desire

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IRREGULAR VERBS CONTINUERS LIST

affero afferre attuli allatum cause aio, ait, aiunt aufero auferre abstuli ablatum coepi coepisse coeptum confero conferre contuli collatum bring to, allege, produce, contribute, say, assent carry off, steal, snatch, destroy begin bring together, collect, match, compare, betake oneself, bestow bring down, bring word, present, tell, + dat. be lacking, fail put off, delay, disperse, differ, disagree, bring out, produce, utter, proclaim, carry out for burial be done, happen, be made, become enter into/upon, commence, form a plan say it makes a difference, it matters, it

defero deferre detuli delatum accuse desum deesse defui differo differre distuli dilatum effero efferre extuli elatum fio fieri factus sum ineo inire inivi initum inquam, inquit interest benefits malo malle malui memini meminisse obeo obire obii obitum odi odisse offero offerre obtuli oblatum

wish rather, prefer remember, attend to, recall meet, visit, die, set(sun) hate bring before, offer, exhibit, inflict

perfero perferre pertuli perlatum carry through, convey, report, tell, endure praefero praeferre praetuli praelatum prefer, display, reveal, give precedence to praesum praeesse praefui + dat.be in charge of, take the lead in praetereo praeterire praeterii praeteritumgo past, pass by, escape notice of, neglect, surpass profero proferre protuli prolatum bring out, bring forth, extend, defer, reveal, utter, produce, publish prosum proesse profui + dat. benefit, do good, profit

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refero referre rettuli relatum

bring back, tell, propose, record, restore, answer go underneath, come up to, approach, undergo, endure, come next, succeed to, go across/over, pass by, pass away

subeo subire subivi subitum

transeo transire transii transitum

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CONJUNCTIONS K-10 LIST

an antequam aut autaut autem whether, or, either before or, or else eitheror but, however, indeed, moreover, on the contrary when, since, although for, indeed, yes indeed, certainly and, also, too, even bothand and so, therefore, consequently for and not neithernor after although, yet and because, that, as to the fact that but if as soon as, the moment that when, where as, when, as if; in order that, so that,

cum enim et etet itaque nam nec/neque necnec/nequeneque postquam quamquam -que quod sed si simulac/simulatque ubi ut that

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CONJUNCTIONS CONTINUERS LIST

ac/atque an antequam at donec dum dummodo and, and besides, and even, than whether, or, either before but then, on the contrary, at least as long as, until while, until, so long as, provided that provided that

ne neve/neu nisi priusquam quamvis quasi quia quin quominus quoniam seu/sive sicut sin tametsi vel velut verum

lest, so thatnot, in order thatnot, so as not to and not, nor if not, unless, except before although, however, to any degree you like as if, just as because that not, but that, indeed, why not? so as to prevent, so thatnot since, because, seeing that or if, whetheror just as, in the same way as, as it were, as indeed but if, if however even though or, even, for instance, quite; eitheror just as, just like, as if, as though but

65

PREPOSITIONS K-10 LIST

The meanings given are the most common; as in English, the use of prepositions in Latin is idiomatic and must be deduced from the context in many instances.

With ablative
a/ab cum de e/ex in pro sine sub from, by (person), away from, since with, along with, amid down from, from, about, concerning, by reason of out of, from, after, on account of in, on before, in front of; in favour of; instead of; for; on behalf of, for the sake of without under, below, beneath

With accusative
ad ante apud circum contra in inter per post praeter prope propter to, towards, near, at, up to, until, according to, for before, in front of at the house of, at, with, among, in the time of around, about, among, near against, opposite, contrary to into, on to, against, towards among, between, during through, throughout, during, by means of, along after, behind, inferior to past, except, beyond, besides, unless near, almost near, because of, on account of

trans

across, over, beyond, through 66

PREPOSITIONS CONTINUERS LIST

The meanings given are the most common; as in English, the use of prepositions in Latin is idiomatic and must be deduced from the context in many instances.

With ablative
prae super before, in front of, in the face of, compared with about, concerning, in addition to

With accusative
extra intra ob sub super supra outside, out of, beyond inside, within, under, fewer than by reason of, on account of near to, about, up to, just befor above, on over on top of, besides above, over, on the upper side of, beyond, more than

67

INTERJECTIONS K-10 LIST

ecce eheu euge o look! see! behold! alas! oh dear! fine! well done! good! O! oh!

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INTERJECTIONS CONTINUERS LIST

en heu immo behold! see! alas! ah! rather

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ENCLITICS
-ne
-que -ve attached to first word in sentence, to create a question and or

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