TAJUK : BAB 9 : BAHAN BUATAN DALAM INDUSTRI NAMA : SITI NAJIHA BINTI MOHD SHARIF KELAS : 4 SAINS NO KAD

PENGENALAN : 970611-08-5662 GURU MATAPELAJARAN :

Isi kandungan Bil. Isi kandungan Muka surat

1.

9.1 Memahami pembuatan asid sulfurik

2.

9.2 Mensintesiskan pembuatan ammonia dan garamnya

3.

9.3 Memahami aloi

4.

9.4 Menilai kegunaan polimer sintetik

5.

9.5 Mengaplikasikan kegunaan kaca dan seramik

6.

9.6 Menilai kegunaan bahan-bahan komposit

7.

9.7 Menghargai pelbagai bahan buatan dalam industri

SUMBER RUJUKAN : 1. BUKU TEKS KIMIA TINGKATAN 4 2. INTERNET 3. BUKU RUJUKAN ( 4. BUKU RUJUKAN ( ) )

9.1 Sulphuric Acid

Sulphuric Acid : Sulphuric acid (H2SO4) is a colourless liquid. It exists in a liquid form at room temperature, it is a stable liquid ang non-volatile. It is one of the most important industrial chemicals being manufactured in large quantities every year.

Uses of Sulphuric Acid : Sulphuric acid is the most important industrial chemical and is being used in a wide range of industries for the production of fertilisers, paints, soaps, plastics and so on.

Industrial Manufacturing of Sulphuric Acid : The industrial manufacturing process of sulphuric acid is called the contact process. The raw materials used are sulphur, air and water. This process is divided three important stages as follows: I. In the furnace, molten sulphur is burnt in dry air toproduce sulphur dioxide. The gas produced is purifiedand cooled. S + O2 SO2 II. In the converter, sulphur dioxide and excess oxygen gas are passed over a few plater on vanadium (V) oxide catalyst at 450 C to produce sulphur trioxide. SO2 + O2 SO3 III. In the absorber, the sulphur trioxide is first reacted with concentrated sulphuric acid to form a product called oleum. SO3 + H2SO4 H2S2O7

The diagram below shows the three stages in the production of sulphuric acid.

The contact process of producing sulphuric acid

Sulphur Dioxide and Environmental Pollution

Sulphuric acid itself has no direct effect on the environment. This is because sulphuric acid is a non-volatile liquid. The environment is, however, affected when sulphur in the form of oxide gases, such as sulphur dioxide and sulphur trioxide, is produced by the industry and released into the environment. Many industrial processes release sulphur dioxide into the atmosphere. Almost all sulphur dioxide in the air comes from the burning of fossil fuels containing sulphur. Inhaling sulphur dioxide causes coughing, chest pain, shortness of breath, bronchitis and lung diseases.

Sulphur dioxide can cause acid rain. Natural rainwater has a pH of about 5.4. Acid rain occurs when pH of the rain is between 2.4 and 5.0. This is due to the reaction of sulphur dioxide with rainwater and oxygen in the air. The equations for the formation of acid rain are as follows: 2SO2 + O2 + 2H2O 2H2SO4

9.2 Ammonia and Its Salts

Ammonia and Its Properties Ammonia, NH3, is a very important raw material with many industrial usages. It is gaseous at room temperature and colorless with a pungent smell. The density of ammonia gas is lower than air. It is very soluble in water and has low boiling and melting points, -34 C and -78 C respectively. Ammonia has base properties when it dissolves in water and reacts with acid effectively. The neutralization reaction of ammonia and acid produces ammonia salt. In the presence of water, the ammonia reacts with the metal ion to form the hydroxide metal.