PSpice Commands

.AC AC ANALYSIS General Form .AC <sweep type> <points value> +<start frequency values> <end frequency value> Examples .AC .AC .AC LIN OCT DEC 101 10 20 100Hz 1kHz 1MEG 200Hz 16kHz 100MEG

The .AC statement is used to a! u!ate the "#e$uen % #es&onse o" a i# uit o'e# a #an(e o" "#e$uen ies. <sweep type> must )e eithe# LIN* OCT* o# DEC and <points value> +an inte(e#,* is the num)e# o" &oints in the s-ee&. LIN Linea# s-ee&. The "#e$uen % is s-e&t !inea#!% "#om the sta#tin( to the endin( "#e$uen %. <points value> is the tota! num)e# o" &oints in the s-ee& .-ee& )% o ta'es. The "#e$uen % is s-e&t !o(a#ithmi a!!% )% o ta'es. <points value> is the num)e# o" &oints &e# o ta'e. .-ee& )% de ades. The "#e$uen % is s-e&t !o(a#ithmi a!!% )% de ades. /points value> is the num)e# o" &oints &e# de ade.

OCT

DEC

E0a t!% one o" LIN* OCT* o# DEC* must )e s&e i"ied. <end frequency value> must not be less than <start frequency value> * and )oth must )e (#eate# than ze#o. The -ho!e s-ee& ma% s&e i"% on!% one &oint i" %ou -ish. The "#e$uen % #es&onse is a! u!ated )% !inea#izin( the i# uit a#ound the )ias &oint. A!! inde&endent 'o!ta(e and u##ent sou# es -hi h ha'e AC 'a!ues a#e in&uts to the i# uit. .12INT* .1LOT* o# .12O3E statements must )e used to (et the #esu!ts o" the AC s-ee& ana!%sis. I" %ou s&e i"% (#ou& de!a% +4G su""i0, as an out&ut* %ou must )e su#e that the "#e$uen % ste&s a#e !ose enou(h to(ethe# that the &hase o" that out&ut han(es smooth!% "#om one "#e$uen % to the ne0t. G#ou& de!a% is a! u!ated )% su)t#a tin( the &hases o" su essi'e out&uts and di'idin( )% the "#e$uen % in #ement. Du#in( AC ana!%sis* the on!% inde&endent sou# es -hi h ha'e non5ze#o am&!itudes* a#e those -ith AC s&e i"i ations. The .IN s&e i"i ation does not ount as it is used on!% du#in( t#ansient ana!%sis. .AC AC ana!%sis is a !inea# ana!%sis. To ana!%se non5!inea# "un tions* su h as mi0e#s* "#e$uen % dou)!e#s* AGC* et . it is ne essa#% to use t#ansient ana!%sis.

.DC

PSpice Commands
DC Analysis General Forms .DC /linear sweep type> <sweep variable name> + <start value> <end value><increment value> 67nested sweep specification 8 .DC /logarithmic sweep type 9/sweep variable name9 6 /start value 9 /end value 9 /points value 9 67nested sweep specification 8 .DC /sweep variable name9 LI.T /value 9: 67nested sweep specification 8 Examples .DC .DC .DC .DC .DC .DC .DC ;IN LIN ;CE 2E. DEC TEM1 1A2AM 5.2< I2 0; N1N LI.T ;su&&!% .2< 10; .0< .<; I3 1.1 2B 1< 0mA .001 1E51A @0 .< 100 < <0 1mA <0uA

<mA 52mA 0.1mA

2MOD +2, 0.= 0 20 B.<

>?A.T +I., 1E51@

The .DC statement auses a DC s-ee& ana!%sis to )e &e#"o#med on the i# uit. The DC s-ee& ana!%sis a! u!ates the i# uitCs )ias &oint o'e# a #an(e o" 'a!ues "o# / sweep variable name9. The "i#st "o#m* and the "i#st "ou# e0am&!es* a#e "o# doin( a !inea# s-ee&. The se ond "o#m* and the "i"th e0am&!e* a#e "o# doin( a !o(a#ithmi s-ee&. The thi#d "o#m* and the si0th e0am&!e* a#e "o# usin( a !ist o" 'a!ues "o# the s-ee& 'a#ia)!e. ?o# !inea# s-ee&s* /start value 9 ma% )e (#eate# o# !ess than / end value9D that is* the s-ee& ma% (o in eithe# di#e tion. /increment value> must )e (#eate# than ze#o. ?o# !o(a#ithmi s-ee&s +DEC o# OCT,* /start value 9 must )e &ositi'e and !ess than / end value9. /points value 9 is the num)e# o" &oints in the s-ee&* and must )e an inte(e#. A nested s-ee& is a'ai!a)!e +see thi#d e0am&!e,. A se ond s-ee& 'a#ia)!e* s-ee& t%&e* sta#t* end* and in #ement 'a!ues ma% )e &!a ed a"te# the "i#st s-ee&. In this ase the "i#st s-ee& -i!! )e the 4inne#E !oo&D the enti#e "i#st s-ee& -i!! )e done "o# ea h 'a!ue o" the se ond s-ee&. The #u!es "o# the 'a!ues in the se ond s-ee& a#e the same as "o# the "i#st. The se ond s-ee& (ene#ates an enti#e .12INT ta)!e o# .1LOT &!ot "o# ea h 'a!ue o" the s-ee&. 1#o)e a!!o-s nested s-ee&s to )e dis&!a%ed as a "ami!% o" u#'es. The s-ee& an )e !inea#* !o(a#ithmi * o# a !ist o" 'a!ues. ?o# 7 linear sweep type 8* the ke%-o#d LIN is o&tiona!* )ut eithe# OCT o# DEC must )e s&e i"ied "o# the / logarithmic sweep type 9. The s-ee& t%&es a#eD LIN OCT DEC Linea# s-ee&. The s-ee& 'a#ia)!e is s-e&t !inea#!% "#om the sta#tin( to the endin( 'a!ue. / increment value 9 is the ste& size. .-ee& )% o ta'es. The s-ee& 'a#ia)!e is s-e&t !o(a#ithmi a!!% )% o ta'es. /points value 9 is the num)e# o" ste&s &e# o ta'e. .-ee& )% de ades. The s-ee& 'a#ia)!e is s-e&t !o(a#ithmi a!!% )% de ades. /points value> is the num)e# o" ste&s &e# de ade.

PSpice Commands
LI.T Fse a !ist o" 'a!ues. In this ase the#e a#e no sta#t and end 'a!ues. Instead* the num)e#s that "o!!o- the ke%-o#d LI.T a#e the 'a!ues that the s-ee& 'a#ia)!e -i!! )e set to. a name o" an inde&endent 'o!ta(e o# u##ent sou# e. Du#in( the s-ee&* the sou# eCs 'o!ta(e o# u##ent is set to the s-ee& 'a!ue. a mode! t%&e and mode! name "o!!o-ed )% a mode! &a#amete# name in &a#enthesis. The &a#amete# in the mode! is set to the s-ee& 'a!ue. The "o!!o-in( mode! &a#amete#s annot )e +use"u!!%, s-e&tD L and ! "o# the MO.?ET de'i e +use LD and !D as a -o#k a#ound,* and an% tem&e#atu#e &a#amete#s* su h as "C# and "C$ "o# the #esisto#* et . use the ke%-o#d TEM1 "o# /sweep variable name9. The tem&e#atu#e is set to the s-ee& 'a!ue. ?o# ea h 'a!ue in the s-ee&* a!! the i# uit om&onents ha'e thei# mode! &a#amete#s u&dated to the tem&e#atu#e. use the ke%-o#d 1A2AM* "o!!o-ed )% the &a#amete# name* "o# / sweep variable name9. Du#in( the s-ee&* the (!o)a! &a#amete#Cs 'a!ue is set to the s-ee& 'a!ue and a!! e0&#essions a#e #e5e'a!uated.

<sweep variable name> an )e one o" the "o!!o-in( t%&esD Source: Model parame er:

"empera ure:

Glo%al Parame er:

A"te# the DC s-ee& is "inished* /sweep variable name9 is set )a k to the 'a!ue it had )e"o#e the s-ee& sta#ted.

.END End o& Circui General Form .END Example .END The .END statement ma#ks the end o" the i# uit. A!! the data and ommands must ome )e"o#e it. Ghen the .END statement is #ea hed* 1.&i e does a!! the s&e i"ied ana!%ses on the i# uit. The#e ma% )e mo#e than one i# uit in an in&ut "i!e. Ea h i# uit and its ommands a#e ma#ked )% a .END statement. 1.&i e &#o esses a!! the ana!%ses "o# ea h i# uit )e"o#e (oin( on to the ne0t one. E'e#%thin( is #eset at the )e(innin( o" ea h i# uit. Ha'in( se'e#a! i# uits in one "i!e (i'es the same #esu!ts as ha'in( them in se&a#ate "i!es and #unnin( ea h one se&a#ate!%. Ho-e'e#* a!! the simu!ation #esu!ts (o into one 4.outE "i!e and one 4.dataE "i!e. This is a on'enient -a% to a##an(e a set o" #uns to )e done o'e#ni(ht. The !ast statement in an in&ut "i!e must )e an .END statement.

.ENDS End o& Su%circui De&ini ion General Form .END. 7subcircuit name8 Example

PSpice Commands
.END. .END. O1AM1 The .END. statement ma#ks the end o" a su) i# uit de"inition +sta#ted )% a ..F3CIT statement,. It is (ood &#a ti e to #e&eat the su) i# uit name a!thou(h this is not #e$ui#ed.

.IC Ini ial 'ias Poin Condi ion General Form .IC /;+/ node97*/node98,J/ value 99: .IC Examples .IC ; +2,JH.A ;+102,J 0 ;+H,J51; I +L1, J2uAm& .IC ; +In1!us* InMinus, J1e5H ;+100*1HH, J<.0; The .IC statement is used to set initia! onditions "o# )oth sma!!5si(na! and t#ansient )ias &oints. Initia! onditions ma% )e (i'en "o# some o# a!! o" the i# uitCs nodes. In addition* the 'o!ta(e )et-een t-o nodes and the u##ent th#ou(h an indu to# ma% )e s&e i"ied. Ea h / value 9 is a 'o!ta(e -hi h is assi(ned to /node9* o# a u##ent -hi h is assi(ned to an indu to#* "o# the du#ation o" the )ias &oint a! u!ation. A"te# the )ias &oint has )een a! u!ated and the t#ansient ana!%sis sta#ted* the node is 4#e!easedE. The .IC sets the initia! onditions "o# the )ias &oint on!%. It does not a""e t the DC s-ee&. I" the i# uit ontains )oth .IC and .NODE.ET ommands* the .NODE.ET ommands a#e i(no#ed +.IC o'e##ides .NODE.ET,. . hemati s use#s an #e"e# to the 4.imu!ation Cont#o!E ha&te# in the Circuit Analysis User s !uide "o# mo#e in"o#mation on settin( initia! onditions* o# "o# i# uit "i!e )ased desi(ns* see the 41.&i e Ana!%sesE ha&te#. No e: .IC statements -hi h im&ose non5ze#o 'o!ta(es on indu to#s -i!! not -o#k &#o&e#!%* sin e indu to#s a#e assumed to )e sho#t i# uits "o# )ias &oint a! u!ations. Ho-e'e#* indu to# u##ents an )e initia!ized. /I+/inductor9,=<value99:

.LI' Li%rary File General Form .LI374file nameE8 Examples .LI3 .LI3 !inea#.!i) .LI3 4CDK!i)K)i&o!a#. !i)E The .LI3 statement is used to #e"e#en e a mode! o# su) i# uit !i)#a#% in anothe# "i!e. The file name an )e an% ha#a te# st#in( -hi h is a !e(a! "i!e name "o# %ou# om&ute# s%stem. "or Uni# based systems$ file names are case sensitive. The "i!e e0tension is not defaulted to 4.!i).E I" %ou s&e i"% a "i!e name* %ou must include its e#tension. I" file name is !e"t o""* a!! #e"e#en es -i!! )e done to the maste# !i)#a#% "i!e* 4nom.!i)*E -hi h then #e"e#en e the indi'idua! !i)#a#% "i!es. Ghen a !i)#a#% "i!e is #e"e#en ed* i" %ou a#e usin( . hemati s* 1.&i e -i!! "i#st sea# h "o# the "i!e in the u##ent -o#kin( di#e to#%* and then in the di#e to#% s&e i"ied )% the LI31ATH 'a#ia)!e +set in 4 msim.iniE,.

PSpice Commands
?o# non5. hemati s use#s* -hen a !i)#a#% "i!e is #e"e#en ed* 1.&i e -i!! "i#st sea# h "o# the "i!e in the u##ent -o#kin( di#e to#%* and then in the di#e to#% s&e i"ied )% the en'i#onment 'a#ia)!e .IMILI31ATH. ?o!!o- the di#e tions in the 4Con"i(u#in( M.IM.INTE A&&endi0 o" the %nstallation &anual to set the LI31ATH o# .IMLI31ATH en'i#onment 'a#ia)!e on %ou# s%stem. Ghen an% !i)#a#% is modi"ied* 1.&i e #eates an inde0 "i!e the "i#st time the !i)#a#% is used. An% time the#ea"te#* the !ook5u& is noti ea)!% "aste#. The inde0 "i!e is o#(anised in a -a% -hi h a!!o-s 1.&i e to !o ate a &a#ti u!a# .MODEL o# ..F3CIT $ui k!%* in s&ite o" ho- !a#(e the !i)#a#% "i!e is. I" %ou han(e a !i)#a#% "i!e "#e$uent!%* it is )est not to #e"e#en e that "i!e "#om othe# !i)#a#ies* sin e thei# inde0 "i!es -i!! ha'e to )e #e onst#u ted ea h time %ou han(e the !i)#a#%* and this ma% )e time onsumin(. Li)#a#% "i!es ma% ontain omments* .MODEL statements* su) i# uit de"initions +in !udin( the .END. statement,* .1A2AM statements* and .LI3 statements. No othe# statements a#e a!!o-ed. ?o# "u#the# dis ussion o" !i)#a#% "i!es* see the 4De'i e Mode!s* .u) i# uits* and Li)#a#iesE ha&te# in the Circuit Analysis User s !uide.

.M(DEL Model S a emen General Form .MODEL /model name9 7AIOD/ reference model name98 6 /model type 9 6 +7/parameter name> J /value9 7to!e#an e s&e i"i ation88: 6 7TLMEA.F2EDJ/ value9 77TLA3. J /value98 o# 6 7TL2ELLGLO3ALJ/value98 o# 7TL2ELLLOCALJ/ value 988, Examples .MODEL 2MAM 2E. +2J1.< TC1 J .02 TC2 J .00<, .MODEL DNOM D +I.J1E5=, .MODEL >D2I; N1N +I.J1E 5 B 3? J H0, .MODEL MLOAD NMO. +LE;EL J 1 ;TO J .B CN J .02&?, .MODEL CMOD CA1 +C J 1 DE; <O, .MODEL DLOAD D +I. J 1E 5 = DE; .<O LOT 10O, .MODEL 2T2ACI 2E. +2 J 1 DE;PGAF.. 1O LOTPFNI?O2M <O, .MODEL >D22 AIOD>D2I; N1N +3? J <0 II? J <0m, The .MODEL statement de"ines a set o" de'i e &a#amete#s -hi h an )e #e"e#en ed )% de'i es in the i# uit. /model name9 is the mode! name -hi h de'i es use to #e"e#en e a &a#ti u!a# mode!. / model name9 must sta#t -ith a !ette#. It is (ood &#a ti e to make this the same !ette# as the de'i e name +e.(.* D "o# diode* > "o# )i&o!a# t#ansisto#* et ., )ut this is not #e$ui#ed. The !ast e0am&!e uses the AIOD +A Iind O", s%nta0 to #e"e#en e the &a#amete#s o" the mode! >D2I; in the thi#d e0am&!e. The mode! t%&es o" the u##ent mode! and the AIO mode! must )e the same. The 'a!ue o" ea h &a#amete# o" the #e"e#en ed mode! is used un!ess o'e##idden )% the u##ent mode!* e.(.* the 'a!ue o" I. omes "#om >D2I;* )ut the 'a!ues o" 3? and II? ome "#om the u##ent de"inition. 1a#amete# 'a!ues o" "o#mu!as a#e t#ans"e##ed* )ut not the to!e#an e s&e i"i ation. The #e"e#en ed mode! ma% )e in the main i# uit "i!e* a essed th#ou(h an .INC statement* o# ma% )e in a !i)#a#% "i!e +see the .LI3 statement,. /model type 9 is the de'i e t%&e and must )e one o"D Model "ypes Mode! T%&e CA1 C000 Instan e Name Ca&a ito# T%&e o" De'i e

<

PSpice Commands
IND 2E. D N1N L000 2000 D000 >000 Indu to# 2esisto# Diode N1N )i&o!a# t#ansisto#

Model "ypes )Con inued* Mode! T%&e 1N1 L1N1 NN? 1N? NMO. 1MO. GA.?ET CO2E ;.GITCH I.GITCH DIN1FT DOFT1FT FIO FGATE FTGATE FE?? FG?? FDLR FADC FDAC >000 >000 N000 N000 M000 M000 3000 I000 .000 G000 N000 O000 F000 F000 F000 F000 F000 F000 F000 F000 Instan e Name T%&e o" De'i e 1N1 )i&o!a# t#ansisto# Late#a! 1N1 )i&o!a# t#ansisto# N5 hanne! Qun tion ?ET 15 hanne! Qun tion ?ET N5 hanne! MO.?ET 15 hanne! MO.?ET N5 hanne! GaAs ME.?ET Non5!inea#* ma(neti o#e +t#ans"o#me#, ;o!ta(e5 ont#o!!ed s-it h Cu##ent5 ont#o!!ed s-it h Di(ita! in&ut de'i e +#e ei'e "#om di(ita!, Di(ita! out&ut de'i e +t#ansmit to di(ita!, Di(ita! IPO mode! .tanda#d (ate T#i5state (ate Ed(e5t#i((e#ed "!i&5"!o& Gated "!i&5"!o& Di(ita! de!a% !ine Mu!ti5)it ana!o(5to5di(ita! on'e#te# Mu!ti5)it di(ita!5to5ana!o( on'e#te#

De'i es an #e"e#en e mode!s on!% o" the o##e t t%&e. AN?ET an #e"e#en e a mode! o" t%&es NN? o# 1N?* )ut not o" t%&e N1N. The#e an )e mo#e than one mode! o" the same t%&e in a i# uit* a!thou(h the% must ha'e di""e#ent names. ?o!!o-in( /model type 9 is a !ist o" &a#amete# 'a!ues en !osed )% &a#entheses. None* an%* o# a!! &a#amete#s ma% )e assi(ned 'a!ues. De"au!t 'a!ues a#e used "o# a!! unassi(ned &a#amete#s. The !ist o" &a#amete# names* meanin(s* and de"au!t 'a!ues a#e !o ated in the indi'idua! de'i e des #i&tions. 7tolerance specification S ma% )e a&&ended to ea h &a#amete#* -ith the "o#mat 7DE;7trac' ( dist8 /value 9 7O88 7LOT7trac' ( dist8 /value 97O88 .M(DEL to s&e i"% indi'idua! de'i e +DE;, and de'i e !ot +LOT, &a#amete# 'a!ue de'iations. The 7 tolerance specification 8 is used )% the .MC ana!%sis on!%. LOT to!e#an es t#a k. A!! de'i es that #e"e# to the same mode! -i!! use the same 'a!ue o" the mode! &a#amete#. DE; to!e#an es a#e inde&endent. The 4OE indi ates a #e!ati'e +&e# enta(e, to!e#an e. I" it is omitted* / value9 is in the same units as the &a#amete# itse!".

PSpice Commands
7trac' ( dist8 s&e i"ies t#a kin( and non5de"au!t dist#i)ution* -ith the "o#mat 7P/lot )987P/distribution name98 These s&e i"i ations must immediate!% "o!!o- the ke%-o#ds DE; and LOT +-ithout s&a es, and a#e se&a#ated )% 4PE. /lot )9 s&e i"ies -hi h o" ten #andom num)e# (ene#ato#s* num)e#ed 0 th#ou(h =* a#e used to a! u!ate &a#amete# 'a!ue de'iations. This a!!o-s de'iations to )e o##e!ated )et-een &a#amete#s in the same mode!* as -e!! as )et-een mode!s. The (ene#ato#s "o# DE; and LOT to!e#an es a#e distin tD the#e a#e ten (ene#ato#s "o# DE; t#a kin( and ten (ene#ato#s "o# LOT t#a kin(. To!e#an es -ithout /lot )9 (et indi'idua!!% (ene#ated #andom num)e#s. /distribution name9 and the de"au!t dist#i)ution +set usin( the .O1TION. statement DI.T2I3FTION &a#amete#, a#e one o" the "o!!o-in(D FNI?O2M GAF.. (ene#ates uni"o#m!% dist#i)uted de'iations o'e# the #an(e /value 9 (ene#ates de'iations -ith a Gaussian dist#i)ution o'e# the #an(e H and /value9 s&e i"ies the 1 de'iation +i.e.* this -i!! (ene#ate de'iations (#eate# than /value9,. (ene#ates de'iations usin( a use#5de"ined dist#i)ution and /value 9 s&e i"ies the 1 de'iation in the use#5 de"initionT see the .DI.T2I3FTION statement.

/user name9

?o# mo#e in"o#mation see the 4.tatisti a! Ana!%sesT Monte Ca#!oE se tion o" the 41.&i e Ana!%sesE ha&te# in the Circuit Analysis User s !uide . .ome 1assi'e and semi ondu to# de'i es +C* L* 2* 3* D* N* M* and >, ha'e t-o !e'e!s o" tem&e#atu#e att#i)utes -hi h an )e ustomised on a mode! )% mode! )asis. ?i#st* the tem&e#atu#e at -hi h the mode! &a#amete#s -e#e measu#ed an )e de"ined usin( one o" the "o!!o-in( mode! &a#amete# "o#mats in the .MODEL ommand !ineD "+MEAS,-ED J /literal value> "+MEAS,-ED JU/&a#amete#9S This o'e##ides the "N(M 'a!ue -hi h is set in the .O1TION. ommand !ine +de"au!t J 2B C,. A!! othe# &a#amete#s !isted in the .MODEL ommand -i!! )e assumed to ha'e )een measu#ed at "+MEAS,-ED. In addition to the measu#ed mode! &a#amete# tem&e#atu#e* u##ent de'i e tem&e#atu#es an )e ustomised the#e"o#e o'e##idin( the i# uitCs 4(!o)a! tem&e#atu#eE s&e i"i ation de"ined )% the .TEM1 ommand !ine +o# e$ui'a!ent ..TE1 TEM1 o# .DC TEM1,. The#e a#e th#ee "o#ms as sho-n in Ta)!e 10. "a%le #.: Model Parame ers &or De/ice "empera ure Des #i&tion .MODEL ?o#mat 1a#amete# ?o#mat 2e"e#en in( De'i e Tem&e#atu#e "+A'S global temperature 6 "+-EL+GL('AL "+A'S +A*+ &odel, 6 "+-EL+L(CAL

A)so!ute Tem&e#atu#e 2e!ati'e to Cu##ent Tem&e#atu#e 2e!ati'e to AIO Mode! Tem&e#atu#e

.tanda#d .tanda#d AIO

"+A'S J /value 9 "+-EL+GL('AL J /value 9 "+"EL+L(CAL J /value 9

?o# a!! "o#mats* /value9 ma% )e a !ite#a! 'a!ue o# a &a#amete# o" the "o#m U&a#amete# nameS. A ma#imum of one device temperature customisation from the above table may coe#ist with the "+MEAS,-ED customisation. ?o# instan e*

PSpice Commands
.MODEL 1N1LNEG 1N1 +TLA3.JH< TLMEA.F2EDJ0 3?J=0 , de"ines a ne- mode! 1N1LNEG -he#e 3? -as measu#ed at 0C. An% )i&o!a# t#ansisto# #e"e#en in( this mode! -i!! ha'e an a)so!ute de'i e tem&e#atu#e o" H< C. The "o!!o-in( e0am&!e demonst#ates de'i e tem&e#atu#es set #e!ati'e to the (!o)a! tem&e#atu#e o" the i# uitD .TEM1 .MODEL 10 H0 A0 TL2ELLGLO3ALJ 5 < 3? J=0 ,

1N1LNEG 1N1 +

This &#odu es th#ee 1.&i e #uns -he#e (!o)a! tem&e#atu#e han(es "#om 10 to H0 to A0C* #es&e ti'e!%* and an% )i&o!a# t#ansisto# that #e"e#en es the 1N1LNEG mode! has a de'i e tem&e#atu#e o" <* 2<* o# H<C* #es&e ti'e!%. This !ast e0am&!e sets the de'i e tem&e#atu#e #e!ati'e to a #e"e#en ed AIO mode!D .MODEL .MODEL 1N1LNEG 1N1 + AIOD1N1LOLD TL2ELLLOCALJ10, 1N1LOLD 1N1 + TLA3.J20,

An% )i&o!a# t#ansisto# #e"e#en in( the 1N1LNEG mode! -i!! ha'e a de'i e tem&e#atu#e o" H0 C. .M(DEL The#e a#e a "e- s&e ia! onside#ations -hen usin( these tem&e#atu#e &a#amete#sD 1. I" the te hni$ue "o# u##ent de'i e tem&e#atu#e is usin( the 'a!ue #e!ati'e to an AIO mode!Cs a)so!ute tem&e#atu#e +"+A'S*,* and the AIO #e"e#en ed mode! does not s&e i"% "+A'S* then the "+-EL+L(CAL s&e i"i ation is i(no#ed and the standa#d (!o)a! tem&e#atu#e s&e i"i ation is used. These ma% not )e used -ith the DE; and LOT mode! &a#amete# to!e#an e "eatu#e. A DC s-ee& ana!%sis ma% )e &e#"o#med on these &a#amete#s so !on( as the tem&e#atu#e &a#amete# assi(nment is to a 'a#ia)!e &a#amete#. ?o# e0am&!eD .1A2AM .MODEL 1TEM1 2B 1N1LNEG 1N1 + TLA3.JU1TEM1 S ,

2. H.

.DC 1A2AM 1TEM1 2B H< 1 The same e""e t an )e a om&!ished )% &e#"o#min( a &a#amet#i ana!%sis. ?o# instan eD .1A2AM .MODEL 1TEM1 2B 1N1LNEG 1N1 + TLA3.JU1TEM1S ,

..TE1 1A2AM 1TEM1 2B H< 1 3oth methods &#odu e = 1.&i e #uns -he#e an% )i&o!a# t#ansisto# #e"e#en in( the 1N1LNEG mode! has a de'i e tem&e#atu#e that ste&s "#om 2BC to H<C in in #ements o" 1C* one ste& &e# #un. A. The e""e t o" a tem&e#atu#e &a#amete# is e'a!uated on e &#io# to the )ias &oint a! u!ation* un!ess &a#amete#s a#e s-e&t )% means o" a .DC 1A2AM o# ..TE1 1A2AM ana!%sis des #i)ed a)o'e. In these ases* the tem&e#atu#e &a#amete#Cs e""e t is #e5e'a!uated on e "o# ea h 'a!ue o" the s-e&t 'a#ia)!e.

.PA-AM Parame er De&ini ion General Forms .PA-AM 00name1 2 0values113

PSpice Commands
.PA-AM 00name1 2 4 0expression1513 Examples .1A2AM ;.F11LR J <; .1A2AM ;CC J 12;* ;EE J 512; .1A2AM 3ANDGIDTH J U100kHzPHS .1A2AM 1I J H.1A1<=* TGOL1I J U2:H.1A1<=S .1A2AM ;NFM J U2:TGOL1IS The ke%-o#d .1A2AM is "o!!o-ed )% a !ist o" names -ith 'a!ues. The 'a!ues must )e eithe# onstants o# e0&#essions. Constants +/value9, do not need 4UE and 4SE. / e#pression9 an ontain onstants o# &a#amete#s. The &a#amete#s need not )e &#e'ious!% de"ined. The .1A2AM statement an )e used inside a su) i# uit de"inition to #eate !o a! su) i# uit &a#amete#s. The#e a#e se'e#a! &#ede"ined &a#amete#sD TEM1 tem&e#atu#e +wor's with digital models only , ;T the#ma! 'o!ta(e +reserved , GMIN shunt ondu tan e "o# semi onduto# p-n Qun tions /name9 annot )e one o" these &#ede"ined &a#amete#s* no# an / name> )e TIME o# one o" the .TEMT names. On e de"ined* a &a#amete# an )e used in &!a e o" most nume#i 'a!ues in the i# uit des #i&tion. ?o# e0am&!eD A!! mode! &a#amete#s. A!! de'i e &a#amete#s* su h as A2EA* L* N2D and V0. This in !udes ICJ 'a!ues on a&a ito#s and indu to#s* )ut not t#ansmission !ine &a#amete#s NL and ?* and not the in-line tem&e#atu#e oe""i ients "o# the #esisto# +o" ou#se* &a#amete#s an )e used "o# the "C# and "C$ #esisto# mode! &a#amete#s,. A!! inde&endent 'o!ta(e and u##ent sou# e +; and I de'i e, &a#amete#s e#cept "o# 1GL 'a!ues. .ot the E* ?* G* and H de'i e &o!%nomia! oe""i ients 'a!ues and (ain. ;a!ues in .IC and .NODE.ET statements. 1a#amete#s annot )e used in &!a e o" node num)e#s* no# an the 'a!ues on ana!%sis statements +.T2AN* .AC* et , )e &a#amete#ized. .1A2AM statements an )e in a !i)#a#%. The simu!ato# -i!! sea# h !i)#a#ies "o# &a#amete#s not de"ined in the i# uit "i!e* in the same -a% it sea# hes "o# unde"ined mode!s and su) i# uits.

.PL(" Plo S a emen General Form .1LOT /analysis type 9 7output variable 8: 6+7/lower limit value 9 * /upper limit value 98,: No e: Lo-e# and u&&e# !imit 'a!ues do not a&&!% to AC Ana!%sis. Examples .1LOT DC ;+H, ;+2*H, ;+21, I+;IN, I+22, I3+>1H, ;3E +>1H, .1LOT AC ;M+2, ;1+2, ;M+H*A, ;G+<, ;D3 +<, I2+DA, .1LOT NOI.E INOI.E ONOI.E D3+INOI.E, D3+ONOI.E, .1LOT T2AN ;+H, ;+2*H, +0*<;, ID+M2, I+;CC, +5<0mA* <0mA,

PSpice Commands
.1LOT T2AN D+>A, D+>3, ;+H, ;+2*H, .1LOT T2AN ;+H, ;+21, ;+72E.ET8, The .1LOT statement a!!o-s #esu!ts "#om DC* AC* noise* and t#ansient ana!%ses to )e out&ut in the "o#m o" 4!ine &#inte#E &!ots. These &!ots a#e made )% usin( ha#a te#s to d#a- the &!ot* hen e the% -i!! -o#k -ith an% kind o" &#inte#. /analysis type 9 is eithe# DC* AC* NOI.E* o# T2AN* -hi h an )e out&ut -ith .1LOT statements. E0a t!% one ana!%sis t%&e must )e s&e i"ied. ?o!!o-in( the ana!%sis t%&e is a !ist o" the out&ut 'a#ia)!es and +&ossi)!%, R a0is s a!es. A ma0imum o" @ out&ut 'a#ia)!es a#e a!!o-ed on one .1LOT statement. Ho-e'e#* an ana!%sis ma% ha'e an% num)e# o" .1LOT statements. .ee 1#o)e "o# a des #i&tion o" the &ossi)!e out&ut 'a#ia)!es. The #an(e and in #ement o" the M a0is is "i0ed )% the ana!%sis )ein( &!otted. The R a0is de"au!ts to a 4ni eE #an(e dete#mined )% the #an(es o" the out&ut 'a#ia)!es + No e: The R a0is o" "#e$uen % #es&onse &!ots +AC, is a!-a%s !o(a#ithmi ,. I" di""e#ent out&ut 'a#ia)!es di""e# onside#a)!% in thei# out&ut #an(es* then the &!ot is (i'en mo#e than one R a0is -ith #an(es o##esondin( to the di""e#ent out&ut 'a#ia)!es. The #an(e o" the R a0is an )e set )% addin( +/ lower limit value 9* /upper limit value9, at the end o" the .1LOT statement. This -i!! "o# e a!! out&ut 'a#ia)!es onto the same R a0is -ith the s&e i"ied #an(e. The same "o#m* +/ lower limit value 9* /upper limit value 9,* an a!so )e inse#ted one o# mo#e times in the midd!e o" a set o" out&ut 'a#ia)!es. Ea h o u##en e de"ines one R a0is -ith the s&e i"ied #an(e. A!! the out&ut 'a#ia)!es -hi h ome )et-een it and the ne0t #an(e to the !e"t in the .1LOT statement a#e &ut on its o##es&ondin( R a0is. In the "ou#th e0am&!e* the t-o 'o!ta(e out&uts (o on the R a0is -ith the #an(e +0*<;, and the t-o u##ent out&uts (o on the R a0is -ith the #an(e +5<0mA* <0mA,. The !ast e0am&!e i!!ust#ates ho- to &!ot a node -hi h has a name #athe# than a num)e#. The "i#st item to &!ot is a node 'o!ta(e* the se ond item is the 'o!ta(e a #oss a #esisto#* and the thi#d item to &!ot is anothe# node 'o!ta(e* e'en thou(h the se ond and thi#d items )oth )e(in -ith the !ette# 42E. The s$ua#e )#a kets "o# e the inte#&#etation o" names to mean node names.

.P-IN" Prin S a emen General &orm .12INT7PDGTLCHG8 /analysis type 9 7output variable 8: Examples .12INT DC ;+H, ;+2*H, ;+21, I+;IN, I+22, I3+>1H, ;3E +>1H, .12INT AC ;M+2, ;1+2, ;M+H*A, ;G+<, ;D3+<, I2+6, II+B, .12INT NOI.E INOI.E ONOI.E D3+INOI.E, D3+ONOI.E, .12INT T2AN ;+H, ;+2*H, ID+M2, I+;CC, .12INT T2AN D+>A, D+>3, ;+H, ;+2*H, .12INTPDGTLCHG T2AN >A >3 2E.ET .12INT T2AN ;+H, ;+21, ;+72E.ET8, The .12INT statement a!!o-s #esu!ts "#om DC* AC* noise and t#ansient ana!%ses to )e out&ut in the "o#m o" ta)!es* #e"e##ed to as &#int ta)!es. The .12INTPDGTLCHG "o#m is "o# di(ita! out&ut 'a#ia)!es on!%. ;a!ues a#e &#inted "o# ea h out&ut 'a#ia)!e -hene'e# one o" the 'a#ia)!es han(es. /analysis type 9 an )e eithe# DC* AC* NOI.E* o# T2AN* -hi h an )e out&ut -ith .12INT statements. E0a t!% one ana!%sis t%&e must )e s&e i"ied.

10

PSpice Commands
?o!!o-in( the ana!%sis t%&e is a !ist o" the out&ut 'a#ia)!es. The#e is no !imit to the num)e# o" out&ut 'a#ia)!esD the &#intout is s&!it u& de&endin( on the -idth o" the data o!umns +set -ith NFMDGT o&tion, and the out&ut -idth +set -ith GIDTH o&tion,. .ee 1#o)e "o# a des #i&tion o" the &ossi)!e out&ut 'a#ia)!es. The 'a!ues o" the out&ut 'a#ia)!es a#e &#inted as a ta)!e -ith ea h o!umn o##es&ondin( to one out&ut 'a#ia)!e. The num)e# o" di(its -hi h a#e &#inted "o# ana!o( 'a!ues an )e han(ed )% the NFMDGT on the .O1TION. statement. The !ast e0am&!e i!!ust#ates ho- to &#int a node -hi h has a name #athe# than a num)e#. The "i#st item to &#int is a node 'o!ta(e* the se ond item is the 'o!ta(e a #oss a #esisto#* and the thi#d item to &#int is anothe# node 'o!ta(e* e'en thou(h the se ond and thi#d items )oth )e(in -ith the !ette# 42E. The s$ua#e )#a kets "o# e the inte#&#etation o" names to mean node names. An ana!%sis ma% ha'e an% num)e# o" .12INT statements.

.P-('E Pro%e S a emen General Form .12O3E7PC.D?87output variable 8: Examples .12O3E .12O3E ;+H, ;+2*H, ;+21, I+;IN, I+22, I3+>1H, ;3E +>1H, .12O3EPC.D? .12O3E ;+H, ;+21, ;+72E.ET8, .12O3E D+>3A2, The .12O3E statement -#ites the #esu!ts "#om DC* AC* and t#ansient ana!%ses to a data "i!e named 4&#o)e.datE "o# use )% the 1#o)e -a'e"o#m ana!%ze#. .ee the 4Ga'e"o#m Ana!%sisE ha&te# in the Circuit Analysis User s !uide "o# a des #i&tion o" 1#o)e and usin( the 4&#o)e.datE "i!e. The "i#st "o#m +-ith no out&ut 'a#ia)!es +-#ites a!! the node 'o!ta(es and a!! the de'i e u##ents to the data"i!e. The !ist o" de'i e u##ents -#itten is the same as the de'i e u##ents a!!o-ed as out&ut 'a#ia)!es* as des #i)ed )e!o-. The se ond "o#m -#ites on!% those out&ut 'a#ia)!es s&e i"ied to the data "i!e. Note that un!ike the .12INT and .1LOT statements* the#e is no ana!%sis name )e"o#e the out&ut 'a#ia)!es. A!so* the num)e# o" out&ut 'a#ia)!es is not #est#i ted to @. .ee the ta)!e )e!o- "o# a des #i&tion o" the &ossi)!e out&ut 'a#ia)!es. This "o#m is intended "o# use#s -ithout a "i0ed disk -ho need to !imit the size o" the 4&#o)e.datE "i!e -#itten. The thi#d e0am&!e #eates a data "i!e in a te0t "o#mat usin( the Common .imu!ation Data ?i!e +C.D?, "o#mat* not a )ina#% "o#mat. This "o#mat is &#ima#i!% used "o# t#ans"e#s )et-een di""e#ent om&ute# "ami!ies. .ee the 4Ga'e"o#m Ana!%sisE ha&te# in the Circuit Analysis User s !uide "o# mo#e in"o#mation on the use o" te0t "i!es -ith 1#o)e. The ne0t e0am&!e i!!ust#ates ho- to s&e i"% a node -hi h has a name #athe# than a num)e#. The "i#st item to out&ut is a node 'o!ta(e* the se ond item is the 'o!ta(e a #oss a #esisto#* and the thi#d item to out&ut is anothe# node 'o!ta(e* e'en thou(h the se ond and thi#d items )oth )e(in -ith the !ette# 42E. The s$ua#e )#a kets "o# e the inte#&#etations o" names to mean node names. The !ast e0am&!e on!% -#ites the out&ut at di(ita! node >3A2 to the data "i!e. (u pu 6aria%les This se tion des #i)es the t%&es o" out&ut 'a#ia)!es a!!o-ed in the .12INT* .1LOT* and .12O3E statements. Ea h .12INT o# .1LOT ma% ha'e u& to @ out&ut 'a#ia)!es. This "o#mat is simi!a# to that used -hen a!!in( u& -a'e"o#ms -hi!e #unnin( 1#o)eD see the Add ommand +&a(e H21,* "o# di""e#en es.

11

PSpice Commands
.P-('E DC S7eep and "ransien Analysis ?o# DC s-ee& and t#ansient ana!%sis* these a#e the a'ai!a)!e out&ut 'a#ia)!esD "a%le #8: (u pu 6aria%les &or DC S7eep and "ransien Analysis Gene#a! ?o#m ;+/node9, ;+/6node9* /5node9, ;+/name9, ;#+/name9, ;/ +/name9, I+/name9, I#+/name9, I/+/name9, D+/name9, 'o!ta(e at node ; a #oss 6 and 5 nodes ; a #oss t-o5te#mina! de'i e ; at a non5(#ounded te#mina! ; at one end o" a t#ansmission !ine I th#ou(h /name9 I into te#mina! I at one end o" a t#ansmission !ine di(ita! 'a!ue o" /name9 +a di(ita! node,. These 'a!ues a#e a'ai!a)!e "o# t#ansient and DC ana!%sis on!%. ?o# the .12INTPDGTLCHG statement the 4D+ ,E is o&tiona!. Meanin(

"a%le #9: (u pu 6aria%les &or DC S7eep and "ransien Analysis E0am&!es ;+H, ; +H*2, ; +21, ;3 +>H, ;G. +M1H, ;A +T2, I +D<, IG +N10, D +>A, ; )et-een node H and (#ound 'o!ta(e )et-een nodes H and 2 'o!ta(e a #oss #esisto# 21 'o!ta(e )et-een )ase o" t#ansisto# >H and (#ound (ate5sou# e 'o!ta(e o" M1H ; at &o#t A o" T2 I th#ou(h diode D< u##ent into (ate o" N10 the 'a!ue o" di(ita! node >A Meanin(

?o# the ;+/name9, and I+/name9, "o#ms* -he#e /name9 must )e the name o" a t-o5te#mina! de'i e* the de'i es a#eD "a%le #:: "7o;"erminal De/ices Cha#a te# ID C D E ? G H a&a ito# diode 'o!ta(e5 ont#o!!ed 'o!ta(e sou# e u##ent5 ont#o!!ed u##ent sou# e 'o!ta(e5 ont#o!!ed u##ent sou# e u##ent5 ont#o!!ed 'o!ta(e sou# e De'i e

12

PSpice Commands
I L 2 . ; G inde&endent u##ent sou# e indu to# #esisto# 'o!ta(e5 ont#o!!ed s-it h inde&endent 'o!ta(e sou# e u##ent5 ont#o!!ed s-it h

?o# the ;#+/name9,* ;#y+/name9,* and I#+/name9, "o#ms* -he#e /name9 must )e the name o" a th#ee o# "ou#5te#mina! de'i e and # and y must ea h )e a te#mina! a))#e'iation* the de'i es and the te#mina!s a#eD "a%le #<: "=ree > Four;"erminal De/ices and "erminals De'i e T%&e 3 +GaAs ME.?ET, D +d#ain, G +(ate, . +sou# e, N +Nun tion ?ET, D +d#ain, G +(ate, . +sou# e, Te#mina! A))#e'iations

1H

PSpice Commands
.P-('E "a%le #<: "=ree > Four;"erminal De/ices and "erminals )Con inued* De'i e T%&e M +MO.?ET, D +d#ain, G +(ate, . +sou# e, 3 +)u!k* su)st#ate, > +3i&o!a# t#ansisto#, C + o!!e to#, 3 +)ase, E +emitte#, . +su)st#ate, ?o# the ;/+/name9, and I/+/name9, "o#ms* /name9 must )e the name o" a t#ansmission !ine +T de'i e, and / must )e 4AE o# 43E. 4AE means &o#t A +the "i#st t-o nodes, and 43E means &o#t 3 +the !ast t-o nodes,. AC Analysis ?o# AC ana!%sis* the out&ut 'a#ia)!es !isted in the &#e edin( se tion a#e au(mented )% addin( a su""i0. These a#e the a'ai!a)!e su""i0esD "a%le #?: (u pu 6aria%les &or AC Analysis .u""i0 None M D3 1 G 2 I ma(nitude ma(nitude ma(nitude in de i)e!s &hase in de(#ees (#ou& de!a% +-d1HA.EPd?2E>FENCR, #ea! &a#t ima(ina#% &a#t "a%le $.: (u pu 6aria%le Examples &or AC Analysis E0am&!es ; +2*H, ;M +2, ;D3 +21, Meanin( Ma(nitude o" om&!e0 'o!ta(e a #oss nodes 2 W H Ma(nitude o" ; at node 2 d) ma(nitude o" ; a #oss 21 Meanin( Te#mina! A))#e'iations

1A

PSpice Commands
"a%le $.: (u pu 6aria%le Examples &or AC Analysis )Con inued* E0am&!es ;3E1 +>H, IAG +T2, I2 +;IN, II +21H, IGG +MH, 1hase o" )ase5emitte# ; at >H G#ou& de!a% o" u##ent at &o#t A o" T2 2ea! &a#t o" I th#ou(h ;IN Ima(ina#% &a#t o" u##ent th#ou(h 21H G#ou& de!a% o" MHCs (ate u##ent Meanin(

Not as man% t%&es o" u##ent out&uts a#e a'ai!a)!e as "o# DC and t#ansient ana!%ses. .&e i"i a!!%* currents through these devices are not available D ? G + u##ent5 ont#o!!ed u##ent sou# e, +'o!ta(e5 ont#o!!ed u##ent sou# e,

?o# these de'i es* %ou must &ut a ze#o5'a!ued 'o!ta(e sou# e in se#ies -ith the de'i e +o# te#mina!, o" inte#est. Then* &#int +o# &!ot, the u##ent th#ou(h this 'o!ta(e sou# e. No e: ?o# AC ana!%sis* the su""i0es a#e i(no#ed "o# .12O3E* )ut an )e used in .12INT and .1LOT statements* and -hen addin( a t#a e in 1#o)e. ?o# e0am&!e* in a .12O3E statement* ;D3 +21, is t#ans!ated to ;+21, -hi h is the #a- data. Noise Analysis ?o# noise ana!%sis* the out&ut 'a#ia)!es a#e &#ede"ined as "o!!o-sD "a%le $#: (u pu 6aria%les &or Noise Analysis Out&ut ;a#ia)!e IN(ISE (N(ISE D')IN(ISE* D')(N(ISE* Meanin( (N(ISE e$ui'a!ent at in&ut node Tota! 2M. summed noise at out&ut node IN(ISE in de i)e!s (N(ISE in de i)e!s

The noise "#om an% one de'i e annot )e .12INTed o# .1LOTed. Ho-e'e#* %ou an use the &#int inte#'a! on the .NOI.E statement to out&ut this in"o#mation.

.SENS Sensi i/i y Analysis General Form ..EN. /+U01U0 2A3%A456 9: Example ..EN. ;+=, ;+A*H, ;+1B, I+;CC, The ..EN. statement auses a DC sensiti'it% ana!%sis to )e &e#"o#med. 3% !inea#izin( the i# uit a)out the )ias &oint* the sensiti'ities o" ea h o" the out&ut 'a#ia)!es to a!! the de'i e 'a!ues and mode! &a#amete#s -i!! )e a! u!ated and out&ut. This an easi!% (ene#ate hu(e amounts o" out&ut. /output variable 9 has the same "o#mat and meanin( as in the .12INT statement "o# DC and t#ansient ana!%ses. Ho-e'e#* in the ase o" /output variable 9 )ein( a u##ent* it is #est#i ted to )e the u##ent th#ou(h a 'o!ta(e sou# e. De'i e sensiti'ities a#e &#o'ided "o# the "o!!o-in( de'i e t%&es +on!%,D #esisto#s*

1<

PSpice Commands
inde&endent 'o!ta(e and u##ent sou# es* 'o!ta(e and u##ent5 ont#o!!ed s-it hes* diodes* and )i&o!a# t#ansisto#s. No e: The #esu!ts o" the ..EN. statement a#e on!% a'ai!a)!e in the out&ut "i!e. The% annot )e 'ie-ed in 1#o)e.

.S"EP Parame ric Analysis General Forms ..TE1 7linear sweep type 8 /sweep variable name9 6/start value 9/end value 9/increment value 9 ..TE1 /logarithmic sweep type 9/sweep variable name9 6/start value 9/end value 9/points value 9 ..TE1 /sweep variable name9 LI.T /value 9: Examples ..TE1 ;CE 0; 10; .<; ..TE1 LIN I2 <mA 52mA 0.1mA ..TE1 2E. 2MOD +2, 0.= 1.1 .001 ..TE1 DEC N1N >?A.T+I., 1E51@ 1E51A < ..TE1 TEM1 LI.T 0 20 2B <0 @0 100 ..TE1 1A2AM Cente#?#e$ =.<kHz 10.< kHz <0Hz The "o!!o-in( e0am&!es i!!ust#ate t-o -a%s o" ste&&in( a #esisto# "#om H0 to <0 ohms in ste&s o" < ohms. This e0am&!e uses a (!o)a! &a#amete#D .1A2AM 2;AL J 1 21 1 2 U2;ALS ..TE1 1A2AM 2;AL H0* <0* < 2;AL is the (!o)a! &a#amete# and 1A2AM is the ke%-o#d used )% the ..TE1 statement -hen usin( a (!o)a! &a#amete#. The "o!!o-in( e0am&!e ste&s the #esisto# mode! &a#amete# 2D 21 1 2 2MOD 1 .MODEL 2MOD 2E. +2JH0, ..TE1 2E. 2MOD+2, H0* <0* < +No e: Do not use 2 J UH0S. , 2MOD is the mode! name* 2E. is the s-ee& 'a#ia)!e name +a mode! t%&e,* and 2 is the &a#amete# -ithin the mode! to ste&. To ste& the 'a!ue o" the #esisto#* the !ine 'a!ue o" the #esisto# is mu!ti&!ied )% the 2 &a#amete# 'a!ue to a hie'e the "ina! #esistan e 'a!ue* that is "ina! #esisto# 'a!ue J !ine #esisto# 'a!ue 2. The#e"o#e* i" %ou set the !ine 'a!ue o" the #esisto# to 1 ohm* the "ina! #esisto# 'a!ue is 1 2 o# 2. Thus* ste&&in( 2 "#om H0 to <0 ohms -i!! then ste& the #esisto# 'a!ue "#om 1 H0 ohms to 1 <0 ohms.

16

PSpice Commands
In )oth e0am&!es a!! o" the o#dina#% ana!%ses +.DC* AC* T2AN* et , a#e done "o# ea h ste&. The ..TE1 statement auses a &a#amet#i s-ee& to )e &e#"o#med on / sweep variable name9* "o# a!! o" the ana!%ses o" the i# uit. ..TE1 is at the same 4!e'e!E as the .TEM1 ommandD a!! o" the o#dina#% ana!%ses +.DC* .AC* .T2AN* et ., a#e done "o# ea h ste&. On e a!! the #uns ha'e "inished* an enti#e .12INT ta)!e o# .1LOT &!ot "o# ea h 'a!ue o" the s-ee& -i!! )e out&ut +1#o)e a!!o-s nested s-ee&s to )e dis&!a%ed as a "ami!% o" u#'es,* Qust as "o# the .TEM1 o# .MC ommands. The "i#st "o#m* and the "i#st th#ee e0am&!es* a#e "o# doin( a !inea# s-ee&. The se ond "o#m* and the "ou#th e0am&!e* a#e "o# doin( a !o(a#ithmi s-ee&. The thi#d "o#m* and the "i"th e0am&!e* a#e "o# usin( a !ist o" 'a!ues "o# the s-ee& 'a#ia)!e. The ..TE1 statement -i!! on!% ste& the DC om&onent o" an AC sou# e. In o#de# to ste& the AC om&onent o" an AC sou# e* %ou need to #eate a 'a#ia)!e &a#amete#. ?o# e0am&!e* ;a 1 0 AC U'a#ia)!eS .&a#am 'a#ia)!eJ0 .ste& &a#am 'a#ia)!e 0 < 1 .a de 100 1000 1e6 /start value 9 ma% )e (#eate# o# !ess than /end value 9D that is* the s-ee& ma% (o in eithe# di#e tion. /increment value 9 and /points value9 must be greater than /ero. The s-ee& an )e !inea#* !o(a#ithmi * o# a !ist o" 'a!ues. "o# 7 linear sweep type 8* the ke%-o#d LIN is o&tiona!* )ut eithe# OCT o# DEC must )e s&e i"ied "o# the / logarithmic sweep type 9. The s-ee& t%&es a#eD LIN OCT DEC LI.T Linea# s-ee&. The s-ee& 'a#ia)!e is s-e&t !inea#!% "#om the sta#tin( to the endin( 'a!ue. /increment value 9 is the ste& size. .-ee& )% o ta'es. The s-ee& 'a#ia)!e is s-e&t !o(a#ithmi a!!% )% o ta'es. / points value9 is the num)e# o" ste&s &e# o ta'e. .-ee& )% de ades. The s-ee& 'a#ia)!e is s-e&t !o(a#ithmi a!!% )% de ades. / points value9 is the num)e# o" ste&s &e# de ade. Fse a !ist o" 'a!ues. In this ase the#e a#e no sta#t and end 'a!ues. Instead* the num)e#s that "o!!o- the ke%-o#d LI.T a#e the 'a!ues that the s-ee& 'a#ia)!e -i!! )e set to. No e: The 'a!ues must )e in eithe# as endin( o# des endin( o#de#.

/sweep variable name9 an )e one o" the "o!!o-in( t%&esD Source Model parame er "empera ure a name o" an inde&endent 'o!ta(e o# u##ent sou# e. Du#in( the s-ee&* the sou# eCs 'o!ta(e o# u##ent is set to the s-ee& 'a!ue. a mode! t%&e and mode! name "o!!o-ed )% a mode! &a#amete# name in &a#enthesis. The &a#amete# in the mode! is set to the s-ee& 'a!ue. use the ke%-o#d TEM1 "o# /sweep variable name9. The tem&e#atu#e is set to the s-ee& 'a!ue. ?o# ea h 'a!ue in the s-ee&* a!! the i# uit om&onents ha'e thei# mode! &a#amete#s u&dated to that tem&e#atu#e. use the ke%-o#d 1A2AM* "o!!o-ed )% the &a#amete# name* "o# / sweep variable name9,. Du#in( the s-ee&* the (!o)a! &a#amete#Cs 'a!ue is set to the s-ee& 'a!ue and a!! e0&#essions a#e #e5e'a!uated.

Glo%al Parame er

The ..TE1 statement is simi!a# to the .DC statement and immediate!% #aises the $uestion o" -hat ha&&ens i" )oth ..TE1 and .DC t#% to set the same 'a!ue. The same $uestion an ome u& -ith Monte Ca#!o ana!%sis. The ans-e# is that this is disallowedD no t-o ana!%ses +..TE1* .TEM1* .MC* .GCA.E* and .DC, an t#% to set the same 'a!ue. This is "!a((ed as an e##o# du#in( #ead5in and no ana!%ses a#e done. The ..TE1 ommand &#o'ides the a&a)i!it% to !ook at the #es&onse o" a i# uit as a &a#amete# 'a#ies. ?o# e0am&!e ho- does the ente# "#e$uen % o" a "i!te# shi"t as a a&a ito# 'a#iesX Gith ..TE1 %ou an 'a#% that a&a ito# and then see a "ami!% o" AC -a'e"o#ms that sho- the 'a#iation. .imi!a# omments a&&!% to !ookin( at* "o# e0am&!e* &#o&a(ation de!a% in t#ansient ana!%sis.

1B

PSpice Commands

.S,'C@" Su%circui De&ini ion General Form ..F3CIT /name9 7node8: 67O1TIONALD //interface node9 J /default value 99:8 671A2AM.D //name9 J /value99:8 7TEMTD //name9 J /te#t value 99:8 Examples ..F3CIT O1AM1 1 2 101 102 1B

..F3CIT ?ILTE2 IN1FT* OFT1FT 1A2AM.D CENTE2J100kHz* GIDTHJ10kHz

.F3CIT 1LD IN1 IN2 INH OFT1 6 1A2AM.D MNTRMIDLRJ0 IOLLE;ELJ0 TEMTD NEDEC ?ILEJ 412OG.NEDE ..FCIT BAL.00 A 3 R 6O1TIONALD D1G2JYGLD1G2 DGNDJYGLDGND 61A2AM.D MNTRMMDLRJ0 IOLLE;ELJ0 The ..F3CIT statement )e(ins the de"inition o" a su) i# uit. The de"inition is ended -ith a .END. statement. A!! the statements )et-een ..F3CIT and .END. a#e in !uded in the de"inition. Ghene'e# the su) i# uit is a!!ed* )% an M statement* a!! the statements in the de"inition #e&!a e the a!!in( statement. /name9 is the su) i# uitCs name and is used )% an M statement to #e"e#en e the su) i# uit. 7node8: is o&tiona! !ist o" nodes +&ins,. The#e must )e the same num)e# o" nodes in the su) i# uit a!!in( statements as in its de"inition. Ghen the su) i# uit is a!!ed* the a tua! nodes +the ones in the a!!in( statement, #e&!a e the a#(ument nodes +the ones in the de"inin( statement,. 7o not use 0 +4ze#oE, in this node !istD that is #ese#'ed "o# (!o)a! 4(#oundE node. The O1TIONALD ke%-o#d a!!o-s %ou to s&e i"% one o# mo#e o&tiona! nodes +&ins, in the su) i# uit de"inition. The o&tiona! nodes a#e stated as a &ai# onsistin( o" an inte#"a e node and its de"au!t 'a!ue. I" an o&tiona! node is not s&e i"ied in a su) i# uit a!! +M statement,* its de"au!t 'a!ue is used inside the su) i# uitT othe#-ise* the 'a!ue s&e i"ied in the su) i# uit a!! is used. This "eatu#e is &a#ti u!a#!% use"u! -hen s&e i"%in( &o-e# su&&!% nodes* )e ause the same nodes a#e no#ma!!% used in e'e#% de'i e. This makes the su) i# uits easie# to use )e ause the same t-o nodes do not ha'e to )e s&e i"ied in ea h su) i# uit a!!. This method is used in the !i)#a#ies &#o'ided -ith the Di(ita! .imu!ation "eatu#e. In the e0am&!e a)o'e o" the BAL.00 su) i# uit* the "o!!o-in( a!! -i!! use the de"au!t &o-e# su&&!% nodes YGLD1G2 and YGLDGNDD M1 IN1 IN2 OFT BAL.00 .S,'C@" To s&e i"% %ou# o-n &o-e# su&&!% nodes MR1OGE2 and MRG2OFND* %ou -ou!d use the "o!!o-in( su) i# uit a!!D M2 IN1 IN2 OFT MR1OGE2 MRG2OFND BAL.00 Note that %ou ma% &#o'ide on!% one o&tiona! node in the su) i# uit a!!. In the "o!!o-in( su) i# uit a!!* the de"au!t YGLDGND -ou!d )e usedD MH IN1 IN2 OFT MR1OGE2 MRG2OFND BAL.00

1@

PSpice Commands
Ho-e'e#* to s&e i"% 'a!ues )e%ond the "i#st o&tiona! node* %ou must s&e i"% a!! nodes &#e'ious to the node %ou s&e i"%. ?o# e0am&!e* to s&e i"% %ou# o-n (#ound node* %ou -ou!d ha'e to e0&!i it!% state the de"au!t &o-e# node )e"o#e itD MA IN1 IN2 OFT YGLD1G2 MRG2OFND BAL.000 The ke%-o#d 1A2AM.D a!!o-s 'a!ues to )e &assed into su) i# uits as a#(uments and used in e0&#essions inside the su) i# uit. The ke%-o#d TEMTD a!!o-s te0t 'a!ues to )e &assed into su) i# uits as a#(uments and used as e0&#essions inside the su) i# uit. On e de"ined* a te0t &a#amete# an )e used in the "o!!o-in( &!a esD To s&e i"% a NEDEC "i!e name on 1LD de'i e. To s&e i"% an Inte! He0 "i!e name to &#o(#am a 2OM de'i e o# initia!ize a 2AM de'i e. To s&e i"% a stimu!us "i!e name o# si(na! name on a ?.TIM de'i e. To s&e i"% a te0t &a#amete# to a su) i# uit. As &a#t o" a te0t e0&#ession used in one o" the a)o'e. No e: The te0t &a#amete#s and e0&#essions a#e u##ent!% on!% used )% the Di(ita! .imu!ation "eatu#e. .u) i# uit a!!s ma% )e nested. That is* an M statement ma% a&&ea# )et-een a ..F3CIT and a .END.. Ho-e'e#* su) i# uit de"initions may not be nested . That is* a ..F3CIT statement ma% not a&&ea# in the statements )et-een a ..F3CIT and a .END.. .u) i# uit de"initions shou!d ontain on!% de'i e statements +statements -ithout a !eadin( 4.E, and &ossi)!% .MODEL* .1A2AM* o#* .?FNC statements. Mode!s* &a#amete#s* and "un tions de"ined -ithin a su) i# uit de"inition a#e available only within the subcircuit definition in -hi h the% a&&ea#. A!so* i" a .MODEL* .1A2AM* o# a* .?FNC statement a&&ea#s in the main i# uit* it is a'ai!a)!e in the main i# uit and a!! su) i# uits. Node* de'i e* and mode! names a#e !o a! to the su) i# uit in -hi h the% a#e de"ined. It is a e&ta)!e to use a name in a su) i# uit -hi h has a!#ead% )een used in the main i# uit. Ghen the su) i# uit is e0&anded* a!! its names a#e &#e"i0ed -ith the su) i# uit instan e nameD "o# e0am&!e* 4>1HE )e omes 4MH.>1HE and node 4<E )e omes 4MH.<E a"te# e0&ansion. A"te# e0&ansion a!! names a#e uni$ue. The only e#ception is the use o" (!o)a! node names +des #i)ed in the 4.u) i# uit Const#u tionE se tion o" the 4De'i e Mode!s and .u) i# uitsE ha&te# in the Circuit Analysis User s !uide , -hi h a#e not e0&anded.

."EMP "empera ure General Form .TEM1 /temperature value 9: Examples .TEM1 12< .TEM1 0 2B 12< The .TEM1 statement sets the tem&e#atu#e at -hi h a!! ana!%ses a#e done. The tem&e#atu#es a#e in de(#ees Centi(#ade. I" mo#e than one tem&e#atu#e is (i'en* then a!! ana!%ses a#e done "o# ea h tem&e#atu#e. It is assumed that the mode! &a#amete#s -e#e measu#ed o# de#i'ed at the nomina! tem&e#atu#e* TNOM +2BZC )% de"au!t,. .ee the .O1TION. statement "o# settin( TNOM.

."F "rans&er Func ion General Form

1=

PSpice Commands
.T? /output variable 9 /input source name9 Examples .T? ;+<, ;IN .T? I+;D2I;, ICNT2L The .T? statement auses the sma!!5si(na! DC (ain to )e a! u!ated )% !inea#izin( the i# uit a#ound the )ias &oint. The (ain "#om / input source name9 to /output variable 9 -i!! )e out&ut a!on( -ith the in&ut and out&ut #esistan es. The out&ut is done as soon as these $uantities a#e a! u!ated and does not #e$ui#e .12INT* .1LOT* o# .12O3E statements. /output variable 9 has the same "o#mat and meanin( as in the .12INT statement. Ho-e'e#* in the ase o" /output variable 9 )ein( a u##ent* it is #est#i ted to )e the u##ent th#ou(h a 'o!ta(e sou# e. No e: The #esu!ts o" the .T? statement a#e on!% a'ai!a)!e in the out&ut "i!e. The% annot )e 'ie-ed in 1#o)e.

."-AN "ransien Analysis General Form .T2AN7PO18 /print step value 9 /final time value 9 67no-print value 7step ceiling value 887.II1318 Examples .T2AN 1ns 100ns .T2ANPO1 1ns 100ns 20ns .II131 .T2AN 1ns 100ns 0ns .1ns The .T2AN statement auses a t#ansient ana!%sis to )e &e#"o#med on the i# uit. The t#ansient ana!%sis a! u!ates the i# uitCs )eha'iou# o'e# time* sta#tin( at TIMEJ0 and (oin( to / final time value9. The t#ansient ana!%sis uses an inte#na! time ste& -hi h is adQusted as the ana!%sis &#o eeds. O'e# inte#'a!s -he#e the#e is !itt!e a ti'it%* the inte#na! time ste& is in #eased and du#in( )us% inte#'a!s it is de #eased. /print step value9 is the time inte#'a! used "o# &#intin(* &!ottin( +.12INT o# .1LOT,* o# &e#"o#min( a ?ou#ie# inte(#a! on the #esu!ts o" the t#ansient ana!%sis. .in e the #esu!ts a#e om&uted at di""e#ent times than the% a#e &#inted* a 2 nd5o#de# &o!%nomia! inte#&o!ation is used to o)tain the &#inted 'a!ues. This a&&!ies on!% to .12INT* .1LOT* and .?OF2 out&uts and does not a""e t 1#o)e. The t#ansient ana!%sis a!-a%s sta#ts at TIMEJ0. Ho-e'e#* it is &ossi)!e to su&&#ess out&ut o" a &o#tion o" the ana!%sis. 7no-print value 8 is the amount o" time "#om TIMEJ0 -hi h is not &#inted* &!otted* o# (i'en to 1#o)e. .ometimes one is on e#ned a)out the size o" the inte#na! time ste&. The de"au!t ei!in( on the inte#na! time ste& is /final time value 9P<0 +it is /print step value9 on!% i" the#e a#e no ha#(e sto#a(e e!ements* indu tan es* o# a&a itan es in the i# uit,. 7 step ceiling value 8 a!!o-s a ei!in( sma!!e# than the &#int inte#'a! to )e &ut on the inte#na! time ste& i" the i# uit has no a&a ito#s* indu to#s o# ha#(e sto#a(e e!ements. 1#io# to doin( the t#ansient ana!%sis* 1.&i e om&utes a )ias &oint "o# the i# uit se&a#ate "#om the #e(u!a# )ias &oint. This is done )e ause the inde&endent sou# es an ha'e di""e#ent 'a!ues at the sta#t o" a t#ansient ana!%sis than thei# DC 'a!ue. No#ma!!%* on!% the node 'o!ta(es a#e &#inted "o# the t#ansient ana!%sis )ias &oint. Ho-e'e#* the 4OP1E su""i0 +on .T2AN, -i!! ause the same detai!ed &#intin( o" the )ias &oint that the .O1 statement auses "o# the #e(u!a# )ias &oint. I" the ke%-o#d .II131 +ski& )ias &oint, is &ut at the end o" the .T2AN statement the a! u!ation o" the )ias &oint is ski&&ed. This o&tion is used -ith the IC J s&e i"i ation "o# a&a ito#s and indu to#s.

20

PSpice Commands
. hemati s use#s shou!d #e"e# to the 4.et&ointsE se tion o" the 4.imu!ation Cont#o!E ha&te# o" the Circuit Analysis User s !uide "o# mo#e in"o#mation on settin( initia! onditions. H1 and .un use#s -ith i# uit "i!e )ased desi(ns shou!d #e"e# to the 41.&i e Ana!%sesE ha&te# in the Circuit Analysis User s !uide "o# mo#e in"o#mation on settin( initia! onditions. .12INT* .1LOT* .?OF2* o# .12O3E statements must )e used to (et the #esu!ts o" the t#ansient ana!%sis.

21