Paper 2A Marine Structures Sea walls To protect the adjoining land from encroachment of the sea Breakwater Provide

a sheltered area by dampening the heavy waves so as to provide an easier entrance and exit of vessels. Groynes It retains and protects the beach materials from drifting aisson !evetments Platforms "ykes Beach no#rishments $egetation methods% etc. Other marine structures are Pier & finger projection from the shore on which berths are provided 'harves Berths for shipping% which may retain the s#rro#nding soil or simply provide mooring facilities. Its str#ct#re is parallel to the shore and contig#o#s with it. It is of solid wall type or an open type (etties Providing berth at some distance from the shore. onnected by a trestle or a ca#seway. It is at right angle to the shoreline. There are T and ) shaped jetties. Generally% it is an open str#ct#re. *sed for off loading cargoes% berthing ships% may carry pipeline and lifting gears. "olphins

&n isolated str#ct#re or a strong point #sed for mane#vering of vessels or to facilitate holding it in position at berth. It is an individ#al mooring points where vessels are tied #p while waiting to enter a wharf or a dock. &lso #sed as a g#ide to ships entering narrow harbo#rs. There are breasting dolphins can be rigid or flexible+ and mooring dolphins. ,enders *se to absorb kinetic energy prod#ced by berthing vessels. They m#st be flexible and maybe in forms of t#bes% springs of metal% rope or plastics. They can be attached or detached types of fenders.