III

1: m
a (0<x<a).
() n n .
() V(x) , V(x)= -V0 0<x<a/2
V(x)=0 a/2<x<a, V0>0. Wn
.
() V(x)= -V0 0<x<a/2 V(x)=V0 a/2<x<a.
() V ( x) V0 sin(

x
).
a

2: m V(x):

V ( x ) V0
0

x0
0 xb
bxc
cxa
xa

a,b,c , V0>0.

V0 n
n .
3: m
a a.
)
.
) V ( x) x a .

.
)
( ) V ( x) x a
.
4: m
0 x 2a 0 y 2a x y.

V=bxy b

 , .

.
5: , ,
a.
.
, V ( x1 , x2 ) aV0 ( x1 x2 )
V0 .

, .
6: m q
F kx 0 .

.
7: ()
. ()
.

p2
E c m c p mc
2m
4

,
p mc .
, :

p2 1 2
1
m
ip
m
ip
kx (a a ) , a
x
, a
x
2m 2
2
2
2
2m
2m

a n n n1 , a n n 1 n1

1
m 2 2
: H 0
( px2 p 2y )
(x y2 ) .
2m
2
8:

() H0,
.

()
k

.
() E 2
V ( x ) ax 4 , a 0 , .
.
9:
1
m : V (r ) m 2 r 2 r 4 .
2
:
0 ( x) 4 a / exp( ax 2 / 2) , a m /

2n

exp(ax 2 )dx

(2n)!
n !(4a) n

10: m
1
1
H
( px 2 p y 2 pz 2 ) m 2 ( x 2 y 2 z 2 ) bx 2 yz
2m
2
b .
() b=0.

.
() b 0 b m 2 ,

.
11:

m, ,
2

V ( x) V0e x >0.
.
12: m
V ( x)

m 2 x 2 x 2
( ) b
2
b

<<1.
()
. , V(x)
m 2 x 2
m 2 x 2 x 2
V ( x)
V V
(( ) 1) .
2
2
b

()

1/ 4

ax 2 / 2

( x, a ) ( a / ) e
,
V(x). a
.
() ()
().
13: t=0,
1(0) , .
(0)

2
t 0 .
V(x) .
14: a(x), b(x)

V(x,t)=V(x)(t) Dirac
V(x) x. ( t )
a b
t>0. Vaa Vbb .
Pa b t .
15: n
:

2
E (t ) E0e t , 0, E0 E0 x
m.
16:
.
.
17: m q
a. ()
E0.
, .
() ,

. () t>0
(t ) E 0 e