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tcrf;tem;odkU tjynfjynfqdkif&m jrefrm&[ef;awmfrsm;tzGJUcsKyf
(b*Fvma'hcsfXmecGJ)rS &[ef;awmfrsm;tygt0if EdkifiHa&;orm;rsm;?
ausmif;om;rsm;? trsdK;orD;rsm;ESifh owif;rD'D,mXmersm;rSyk*¾dKvfrsm;
pkpkaygif; 50 cefUwufa&mufcJhonf/
tcrf;tem;wGif aumhpfbmZmûrdU 0drvom&ausmif;q&mawmfrS
obmywdtjzpfaqmif&GufjyD; &Spfav;vHk;ausmif;om;acgif;aqmif
a[mif;wOD;jzpfol FBF rS udkxGef;pHu tcrf;tem;rª;tjzpf aqmif&Guf
cJhonf/
tcrf;tem;udk &[ef;awmfrsm;tygt0if wufa&mufvmolrsm;u
earmwó oHk;Mudrf&GufqdkumzGifhvSpfcJhjyD; 1967 ckESpfu qefjyóem
aeUwGif usqHk;oGm;cJhMuaom &[ef;&Sifvljynfolrsm;udk wrdepfcefU
jidrfoufpGm tav;ûycJhMuonf/
obmywdtjzpf aqmif&Gufol 0drvom&ausmif; q&mawmfrS
tcrf;tem;usif;y&jcif;&nf&G,fcsufudk ol\tzGifhrdef;cGef;wGif ,ckuJh
odkUajymonf/
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tpdk;&vufxufa&mufrS &cdkifjynfuqefawGudk tpdk;&u twif;0,f
,ljyD; EdkifiHjcm;udka&mif;pm;cJhwJhtwGuf &ckdifjynfe,ftwGif;rSm qef&Sm;
yg;cJhjyD; tiwfab;usa&mufcJhw,f/ &ckdifvlxku qefa&mif;csay;zdkU
tpdk;&udkawmif;qdkcJhw,f/ 'gayr,fh ae0if;tpdk;&[m &ckdifjynfolawG
awmif;qdkwmudk rsufuG,fûycJhw,f/ aemufqHk; &cdkifvlxkawG vrf;
ay:xGufjyD; qef&&Sda&;twGuf qE´jyawmif;qdkcJhw,f/ ae0if;tpdk;
&[m qefjyóemudk at;aq;pGmajz&Sif;ay;&if&Edkif&ufom;eJU rajz
&Sif;bJ &uf&ufpufpufowfjzwfypfcJhw,f/ &ckdifjynfol 300 ausmf
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aumif;wJhaeUudk &ckdifol&cdkifom;awG tjrJowdrjywf&MuapzdkU 'Dt
crf;tem;udk usif;y&wmjzpfygw,f}[k ajymoinf/
q&mawmft&Sifbk&m;rS rdefUMum;oGm;jyD;aemuf 0g&ifhEdkifiHa&;
orm;wOD;jzpfol OD;jr0gu ] 1967 ckESpf Mo*wfpfv 13 &ufaeUrSm
ay:aygufcJhwJh ppfawGqefjyóemaeU[m &dk;&dk;omrefawG;&if qef&
&Sda&;wdkufyGJjzpfw,fvdkU owfrSwfEdkifayr,fh &ckdifjynfolawG&JU ppftm
Pm&SifqefUusifa&; yxrqHk;ajcvSrf;jzpfygw,f/ ordkif;tpOftvm
MuD;rm;wJh &cdkifvlrsdK;awGtaeeJU r[kwfwmudkrcH &J&J&ifh&ifh owÅd&Sd&SdeJU
ppftpdk;&&JU rw&m;wJhvkyf&yfudk qefUusifcJhwJhaeUwaeUvnf;jzpf
w,f/ ppf0g'eJUuRefûyaeorQ ppftmPm&Sifpepfudk qefUusifawmfvSef
wJh &cdkifjynfrSm ppfawGqefjyóemaeUvdk ykefuefwJhaeUawG aemuf
xyftrsm;MuD;ay:aygufvmtHk;rSmjzpfw,f}[k ajymonf/
1967 ckESpf Mo*wfpf 13 qefjyóemaeUwGif udk,fwdkifudk,fus
yg0ifcJhol OD;armifat;csrf;u ] Armppfwyfuypfwm rdk;ay:udk ajcmuf
vSefUypfcwfwmr[kwfbJ vltkyfMum;udkypfxnfhwmjzpfw,f/ aoqHk;
oGm;olawGu 300 ausmf&Sdayr,fh ae0if;tpdk;&u 24 OD;om aoqHk;
cJhw,fqdkjyD; tavmif;awGudk ppfawGûrdU aMu;eef;&Hk;a&SUrSm r@myfxdk;
jyD; vlxkudkjyochJygw,f/ usaemfrsufapha&SUrSmwif aoqHk;oGm;ol
awG? raor&SifjzpfaeolawGudk um;ay:udkypfwifjyD; ,loGm;wmawG
trsm;MuD;jzpfygw,f/ 'Djyóemtay: ae0if;ppftpdk;&[m bmrS pHk
prf;ppfaq;cJhwmr&Sdygbl;}[k ajymonf/
ppfawG qefjyóemaeUrSm 1967 ckESpf Mo*wffpfv 13 &ufaeU
u ppfawGvrf;ray:wGif qef&&Sda&;awmif;qdkolrsm;udk awmf vSefa&;
aumifpDtpdk;&u ypfowfcJhaomaeUjzpfonf/
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07? 08? 09
2009 ckESpf Mo*wfpfv 8 &ufaeUwGifusa&mufonfh 21 ESpf
ajrmuf &Spfav;vHk;ta&;awmfyHkaeUtêud qE´jyyGJw&yfudk 'uúm;
ûrdUwGif &cdkiftrsdK;orD;tpnf;t&Hk;rS Mo*wfpfv 7 &ufaeUuûyvkyf
cJhonf/
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wif;pmwdkufa&SUwGif eHeuf 10 em&DcGJu pwifcJhonf/
qE´jyyGJtm; w&ufapmjyD; êudwifûyvkyf&jcif;udk &ckdiftrsdK;
orD;tpnf;t&Hk;OuúX a':apmjr&mZmvif;u ,ckuJhodkUajymonf/ *syefEdkifiH wdkusdKðrd‹wGif 42 ESpfajrmuf
]'uúm;rSm rdk;awG&Gm&if a&MuD;wwfwJhtwGuf rdk;r&GmwJh'DaeUudk
a&G;jyD;usif;y&wmjzpfygw,f/ aeomwJhtwGuf qE´jyyGJvkyf&mwm
tqifajyygw,f}[k ajymonf/
ppfawGqefjy\emae‹usif;y
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,ckuJhodkUajymonf/ 13? 08? 09
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aoG;ajrusaoqHk;oGm;cJhMu&wJh &Jabmf&JbufawG vkyfaz:udkifbuf em;udk 09? 08? 09 (we*FaEG)aeU eHeuf(9)em&DwGif wdkusdKûrdU Taka-
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apmifhodwJhtaeeJU 'Dae&mudkvma&mufjyD; qE´jy&wmjzpfygw,f} tzGJUcsKyf(jynfy-*syef)rS OD;aqmifusif;ycJhonf/
[k ajymonf/ tcrf;tem;wGif obmywdtjzpf &cdkif'Drdkua&pDtzGJUcsKyf (jynf
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ajymMum;jyD; &cdkif'Ddrdkua&pDtzGJUcsKyf(jynfy-*syef) em,u OD;aZmf
rif;cdkifu 1967 ckESpf jrefrmEdkifiHa&;tajctaeESifh &ckdif'Drdkua&pD
tzGJUcsKyf(jynfy-*syef)vli,fa&;&mrª; udkaerif;xGef;u 42 ESpf
ajrmuf ppfawGqefjyóemaeUusif;y&jcif;taMumif;&if;udk &Sif;vif;
wifjycJhonf/
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OD;bat;rS qefjyóemjzpfay:&aom taMumif;t&if;ESifh tmPm
&Sif awmfvSefa&;aumifpDtpdk;&\&ufpufMurf;êuwfyHkwdkUudk tus,f
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tzGJU0ifrsm;ESifh wjcm;'Drdkua&pDvdkvm;ol 30 cefU wufa&mufcJh az:ajymMum;cJhonf/
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a&pD&&Sda&;twGuf qufvufjyD;rqkwfrepf wdkufyGJ0ifaew,fqdk 1967 ckESpf Mo*wfpfv(13)&ufaeUwGifjzpfyGg;cJhaom qefjyó
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ajymcsifygw,f/}[k ajymMum;oGm;onf/ cif;wckjzpfonf/
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 Mo*wfpfv 2009
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wyfzGJUrsm;udk EdkifiHawmft&Htiftm;tjzpf pepfwuszGJUpnf;aeonfh
tjyif rD;owfwyfzGJUrsm;udkvnf; aus;&Gm&yfuGuftvdkuf zGJUpnf;ae
ojzifh jynfolrsm;taejzifh 2010 ckESpfa&G;aumufyGJtwGuf êudwif
jyifqifaejcif;jzpfaMumif; oHk;oyfajymqdkaeMuonf[k od&onf/
twif;t"rRcdkif;apr+ pmrsufESm 4
jynfcdkifðzd;u'fudkifaqmifolrsm; trsdK;om;rSwfyHkwifrvdk
ed&Oö&mowif; ulaMumif; od&onf/ 'gaMumifh ausmif;om;ausmif;oltrsm;pku
05? 08? 09 odkUaomfvnf; a'oqdkif&mtmPmydkif awmh jynfcdkifûzd;tzGJUxJudk t&if0ifvdkufyg
&cdkifjynfe,ftwGif; c&D;oGm;vm&mwGif rsm;u jynfcdkifûzd;tzGJU0if u'fjym;rsm;udkif w,f/ jynfcdkifûzd;u'f&&if c&D;oGm;vmvdkU&
trsdK;om;rSwfyHkwifu'fjym; (odkUr[kwf) aqmifjyD; c&D;oGm;vmolrsm;udk trsdK;om; ovdk trsdK;om;rSwfyHkwif u'fvkyf&wJht
oufqdkif&m aus;&Gm&yfuGufaumifpDrsm;rS rSwfyHkwifu'fjym;jyp&mrvdkbJ bl;oD;awmif cgvnf; txl;vG,fulygw,f/ jynfcdkifûzd;
xkwfay;aom c&D;oGm;vmcGifhpm&Gufrsm;udk ESifharmifawmûrdUe,frsm;tygt0if &ckdifjynf u'fudkifjyD; EdkifiHom;u'fvkyf&ifvnf; vkyf&
udkifaqmifjyD; c&D;oGm;vm&onf/ e,fwGif c&D;oGm;vmcGifhûyay;xm;onf[k wm txl;vG,fulwJhtwGuf vlwdkif;u Edkif
tqdkyg taxmuftxm; pm&Gufrsm;yg od&onf/ iHa&;udkrpOf;pm;bJ jynfcdkifûzd;tzGJUudk 0if
rS oabFmvufrSwfESifh um;vufrSwfrsm;udk odkUtwGuf bl;oD;awmifESifharmifawm vdkufMuygw,f/ q,fwef;atmifbGJU&vdkU
0,f , l í &ovd k ppf a q;a&;*d w f r sm;wG i f wGif jynfcdkifûzd;xJodkU 0ifa&mufolrSm txl; tvkyfavQmuf&ifvnf; jynfcdkifûzd;tzGJU0if
vnf; taESmifht,Sufr&Sd jzwfoef;oGm;vm rsm;jym;aeonf[k od&onf/ r[kwf&if uRefrwdkUqDrSm tvkyfr&yg/}[k
Edkifonf[kod&onf/ armifawmu ausmif;olwOD;u ] t ajymonf/
txl;ojzifh e,fpyf armifawmESifh bl; rsdK;om;rSwfyHkwifu'fvkyf&wmu armifawm odkUaomfvnf; bl;oD;awmifESifh armif
oD;awmifûrdUe,frsm;wGif c&D;oGm;vmcGifhudk rSm awmfawmfcufcJygw,f/ ydkufqHaomif; awmtxufwef;ausmif;rsm;wGif rlqvif
wif;wif;usyfusyf ydwfyifxm;jyD; trsdK;om; *Pef;txuf rukef&ifr&ygbl;/ wcgwcg ausmif;om;rsm;udkrl jynfcdkifûzd;xJ 0ifcGifhrûy
rSwfyHkwifu'fjym;rygvQif c&D;oGm;&efrvG,f ydkufqHay;&ifawmifrS r&bJjzpfwwfygw,f/ [kod&onf/
ppfawGwGif vHkðcHa&;udkwif;usyf
ed&Oö&mowif;
12? 08? 09
ppfawGûrdU vHkûcHa&;udk Mo*wfpfv 11 &ufaeUupjyD; jyefvnf
wif;usyfvdkufonf/
ppfawGûrdUcHwOD;u ] vHkûcHa&;udk tck jyefwif;usyfvdkufygw,f/
vHkxdef;eJU&Jom;awGudk ta&;MuD;wJhae&awGtm;vHk;rSm tiftm;jznfh
csxm;wmudkawGU&ygw,f/ }[k ajymonf/
,ckuJhodkU ppfawGwGif vHkûcHa&;udkwdk;jrSifhcsxm;vdkufjcif;rSm t
ajctaeESpf&yfaMumifhjzpfonf[k oluajymonf/
]raeUu a':pkudk axmifwpfESpfcGJcsvkdufwmudk vlxkawGu
rauseyfwJhtwGuf qefUusifuefUuGufvmEdkifw,f/ aemufwcku
Mo*wfpfv 13 ppfawGqefjyóemaeUu reufjzefrSm usa&mufrSm
jzpfwJhtwGuf jyóemwufaumif;wufEdkifwJhtaetxm;&SdwJht
wGuf ckvdk vHkûcHa&;udk t*FgaeUreufupjyD; wif;usyfxm;vdkufwm trnfraz:vdkolvli,fwOD;uvnf; ]jynfe,f&Jrª;MuD;tygt0if
jzpfygw,f/}[kajymonf/ jynfe,ft&m&SdawGu um;awGeJU &yfuGufawGudk0ifjyD; oGm;vmppf
vHkûcHa&;t"ducsxm;aomae&mrsm;rSm bk&m;MuD;? &Jausmfol aq;aewmudkawGU&ygw,f/ axmufvSrf;a&;awGeJU &Jom;awG
ausmif;? OD;OwÅryef;jcH? tm*sdwfawmifukef;? oabFmqdyfESifh &yf uawmh armfawmfqdkifu,fawGpD;jyD; ûrdUIudkywfaeMuygw,f}[k ajym
uGufrsm;twGif;&Sd vrf;qHkvrf;cGrsm;wGifjzpfonf/ onf/
Edi
k fiHawmft&Htiftm;wyfzJUG udk tif;tm; 11000 jzifh
&cki
d fjynfwGif wdk;csJUzGJUpnf;rnf
rif;atmif (ed&Oö&m)
05? 08? 09
etz ppftpdk;&rS &ckdifjynfe,fwGif jynfolUppfwyfzGJU0ifta&twGufudk tif;tm; 11000 xd wdk;jrSifhjyD; EdkifiHawmft&Htiftm; wyfzGJU
tjzpf zGJUpnf;oGm;rnfjzpfonf/
&ckdifjynfw0ef;vHk;wGif ,cifuzGJUpnf;xm;aom jynfolUppftiftm;rSm 6900 ausmf&SdjyD; ,cktcg 11000 txd wdk;csJUzGJUpnf;oGm;rnf
jzpfaMumif; ppfwyfESifheD;pyfaom owif;&yfuGuft&od&onf/
tqdkygowif;&yfuGuft& ,cifu &ckdifjynfe,f aus;&Gmtrsm;tjym;wGifzGJUpnf;xm;aom jynfolUppfrsm;udk omreftqifhjzifh zGJUpnf;
xm;cJhaomfvnf; ,cktcg xdktqifhxufwdk;jrSifhjyD; EdkifiHawmft&Htiftm;taejzifh zGJUpnf;rnfjzpfaMumif; az:jyonf/
xdkodkU wqifhwufzGJUpnf;&mwGif ,cktcg ûrdUe,fwdkif;&Sd jynfolUppfwyfzGJU0ifrsm;tm; EdkifiHawmft&Htiftm;wyfzGJU0if u'fjym;rsm;ESifhtwl
,leDazgif;? bufwHqdyf? OD;xkyfrsm;vnf; xkwfay;oGm;rnfjhzpfjyD; vdktyfaomaxmufyHhaMu;rsm;udkvnf; ay;oGm;rnfjzpfonf/
Zlvdkifv 29 &ufaeUrSpjyD; trf;ûrdUwGif EdkifiHawmft&Htiftm;u'fjym;xkwfay;aejyD; wjcm;ûrdUe,frsm;wGif jynfolUppfwyf wyfzGJU0ifrsm;
\ udk,fa&;&mZ0ifrsm;udk oufqdkif&mrS vdkufvHpkaqmif;aumufcHaeonf[kod&onf/
trf;rS ay;ydkUaomowif;w&yfwGif ppftpdk;&rSxkwfay;aom EdkifiHawmft&Htiftm;u'fjym;wGif 'kAdkvfrª;MuD;armifarmifvGifrS vufrSwf
a&;xdk;xkwfay;xm;jyD; wyfzGJUtrnf? udk,fydkifeHygwf? vdyfpmESifh u'fudkifaqmifol\vufrSwfyg0ifonf[k od&onf/
EdkifiHawmft&Htiftm;u'fjym;rsm;udk &ckdifjynfe,fwckvHk;wGif pufwbFmv 15 &ufaeUudk aemufqHk;xm;jyD; tjyD;owfxkwfay;oGm;
rnfjzpfaMumif; ppfwyfowif;&yfuGufu ajymonf/
,ckuJhodkU &ckdifjynfe,ftwGif; jynfolUppfwyfzGJU0ifrsm;udk EdkifiHawmft&Htiftm;tjzpf pepfwuswdk;csJUzGJUpnf;jcif;\&nf&G,fcsufudk
twdtusrod&ao;aomfvnf; 2010 ckESpfa&G;aumufyGJtwGuf êudwifjyifqifjcif;jzpfEdkifonf[k avhvmoHk;oyfolwOD;u ajymonf/
odkUaomfvnf; etz ppftpdk;&rS ,ck jynfolUppfrsm;udk zGJUpnf;&jcif;rSm aus;vufa'ozGHUûzd;a&;pDrHudef;pDrHcsuft& zGJUpnf;jcif;jzpfjyD;
tqdkygpDrHudef;wGif tcsuf(5)csufudk t"dutajccHxm;onf[k trnfraz:vdkol jynfolUppftzGJU0ifwOD;u ajymonf/
xdktcsuf(5)csufrSm ynma&;? pD;yGg;a&;? vlrIa&;? usef;rma&;ESifhvHkûcHa&;wdkUjzpfjyD; jynfolUppfrsm;ukd EdkifiHawmft&Htiftm;tjzpf
zGJUpnf;jcif;rSm vHkûcHa&;t&jzpfonf[k oluajymonf/
&cdkifjynfe,f jynfolUppfwyfzGJU0ifrsm;udk tiftm;tvHk;t&if;jzifhzGJUpnf;xm;cJhaomfvnf; e,fpyfa'orSty wjcm;wyfzGJU0ifrsm;udk vuf
eufay;udkifjcif;r&Sd[k od&onf/
 Mo*wfpfv 2009 &cdkifjynfwGif;owif; pmrsufESm 5

um;vrf; &xm;vrf;azgufaomfvnf; &ckdifvlxk uav;tvkyform;rsm;

a&vrf;udk qufvuftm;udk;ae&qJ &cdkifjynfe,fwGif txl;wdk;yGg;vm
ed&Oö&mowif;
03? 08? 09
pD;yGg;a&; usyfwnf;rIaMumifh
&ckdifjynfe,ftwGif; uav;t
vkyform;rsm; ta&twGufrSm
,cktcg txl;wdk;yGg;aeonf[k
owif;&&Sdonf/
ppfawGûrdUcHwOD;u ]t&if
ed&Oö&mowif; eJUpm&ifawmh uav;tvkyfo
29? 07? 09 rm;awGudk tcktcg ae&mwdkif;
&cdkifjynfe,fwGif etz ppftpdk;&rS &xm;vrf;? um;vrf;rsm;udkazgufvkyfaeaomfvnf; &ckdifjynfol rSmawGUae&ygw,f/ txl;ojzifh
trsm;pkrSm a&vrf;udkbJ qufvuftm;udk;ae&qJjzpfonf/ pm;aomufqdkifwdkU? vrf;ab;
,ckuJhodkU tm;udk;ae&jcif;rSm etz ppftpdk;&tmPmydkifrsm;u azgufvkyfxm;aom &ckdifrS um;vrf; aps;qdkifwdkU? vbuf&nfqdkifwdkU
rsm;rSm jyD;pvG,fazgufvkyfxm;jyD; cdkifrmrIr&Sdojzifh rMumcP um;wdrf;arSmufaeíjzpfonf[k a'ocHc&D; eJU yvpwpfaumufaewJh ae&m
oGm;wOD;u ajymonf/ awGrSm uav;awGudk tcktcg
]'DESpf wESpfwnf;twGif;rSm &ckdifjynfe,ftwGif; um;arSmufwm tenf;qHk;(10)Mudrfavmuf&SdygjyD/ ydkawGUvm&ygw,f}[k ajymonf/
aoqHk;wmu vlaygif;(50)ausmfaeygjyD/ tJovdk um;awG rMumcPwdrf;arSmufaewJhtwGuf vlawGu ¤if;tjyif &cdkifjynfe,fw
um;eJUc&D;oGm;wmudk a&Smif&Sm;jyD; oabFmawGeJUbJ c&D;oGm;vmMuwmjzpfygw,f}[k ajymonf/ 0ef;vHk;wGif ynma&;p&dwfMuD;
,ckESpf {jyDv 2 &ufaeUu trf;ûrdUe,fwGif &efukefrSvmaombk&m;zl;um;wpD; wdrf;arSmufoGm;&m jrifhrIaMumifh pmroifEdkifaom
vlaygif; 21 OD;xufrenf;aoqHk;cJhjyD; arv 3&ufaeUu rEÅav;rSppfawGodkU armif;ESifvmaom a&Tjynf uav;OD;a&rSm aMumufcref;vd
&cdkifum; trf;ûrdUe,fwGifwdrf;arSmufcJhojzifh c&D;onf(5)OD;aoqHk;cJhonf/ vd wdk;yGg;aeonf[k od&onf/
tvm;wl aeUpOf&ufqufqdkovdk um;wdrf;arSmufrIrsm;aMumifh vlaoqHk;rIrsm; qufvuf&SdaeqJjzpf ]awmvuf aus;&GmawGrSm
onf[k owif;rsm;uaz:jyonf/ qdk&if ydkrsm;w,fvdkU od&w,f/
ppfawGrS t&yfvlMuD;wOD;uvnf; ]trf;ûrdUe,frSmomruygbl;/ ppfawGeJUausmufawmftMum;u wcsdKUaus;&GmawGrSmqdk&if 10
uefapmufqkdwJhae&mrSmvnf; um;awGu rMumcPwdrf;arSmufaew,f/ t,lonf;wJhvlawGuawmh &mcdkifEIef;avmufbJ ausmif;
um;vrf;azgufwmudk ewfawGrêudufvdkU arSmufowfaew,fvdkU ajymaeMuwmaygh/ wu,fawmh vrf; pmoifEdkifjyD; usefwJhuav;awG
awGuraumif;wJhtwGuf tckvdk rawmfwq um;wdrf;arSmufrlawG jzpfae&wmyg}[k ajymonf/ u pmroifEkdifbJ jzpfaeMuw,f
&cdkifjynfe,frSm rdk;rsm;aoma'owckjzpfjyD; um;vrf;rsm;udk cdkifcdkifrmrmwnfaqmufxm;jcif;r[kwf vdkUod&ygw,f}[k oluquf
ojzihf ESpfpOf rdk;&moDwGif um;vrf;rsm;ysufpD;jcif;? awmifûydjcif;rsm; rMumcPjzpfaeonf[k od&onf/ ajymonf/
xdkuJhodkU um;vrf;rsm;raumif;ojzifh um;ESifhc&D;oGm;í vltrsm;aoqHk;rIrsm;&Sdaeojzifh &cdkifc&D;oGm; ppfawGESifh bl;oD;awmift
rsm;rSm oabFmrsm;jzifh jyefvnfí c&D;oGm;vmMujcif;jzpfonf/ Mum; c&D;oGm;aeol pD;yGg;a&;o cav;awG p k p k a ygif ; 10 urf;pyfodkU a&ul;jyefojzifh
ppfawGrS t&yfvlMuD;wOD;u ] etz ppftpdk;&u tck &xm;vrf;wvrf;udk &cdkifrSm azgufvkyfaeyg rm;wOD;uvnf; ] ppfawGeJUbl; ausmf 20 eD ; yg;cef U u av;rsm;\
w,f/ azgufxm;wJhum;vrf;udkawmif aocsmrûyjyifEdkifbJeJU &xm;vrf;udkazgufaew,fqdkawmh ]0}r oD;awmiftMum;rSm ckwfarmif; &Sdr,fxifygw,f} [k ajymonf/ b00rf ; ausmif ; ae&rI rS m
&SdbJ]0d}vkyfaewmeJU wlaeygw,f/ &SdaewJhum;vrf;udkom t&ifaumif;rGefatmifûyjyifay;zdkU etztmPm aewJhoabFmawGrSm xrif;xkwf tqdkyg xrif;xkwfa&mif; txl;pdk;&drfp&maumif; onf [k
ydkifawGudk ajymcsifygw,f}[k ajymqdkoGm;onf/ awGvma&mif;wmu cav;awG aomuav;rsm;rSm oabFmay: oluqufajymonf/
bJ j zpf w ,f / ol w d k U awG [ m wGif xrif;xkwfwufa&mif;jyD; tvm;wl ausmufawmf?
anmifacsmif;? pzdkuRef;eJU &aoh oabFmqdyfucGgjyD;rS a&mif;csjyD; ajrmuf O D ; ? rif ; jym;? trf ; ?

q&m}uD; OD;OD;omxGef;ae‹ ppfawGwGif v#dK‹0Sufðyvkyf awmifûrdUawGu jzpfMuygw,f/ ojzifh oabFmay:rSckefcsjyD; pmrsufESm 6 aumfvH 1

bl;oD;awmif puc 15 wGif

rif;qufcdkif (ed&Oö&m)
14? 08? 09
Mo*wfpfv 14 &ufaeUwGifusa&mufaom 19 ESpfjynfh q&mMuD;OD;OD;omxGef;aeUudk ppfawGûrdUwGif
ausmif;om;vli,frsm;u pkaygif;jyD; vQdKU0SufûyvkyfcJhMuaMumif;od&Sd&onf/
tqdkyg atmufarhzG,fqkawmif;yGJtcrf;tem;udk eHeuf 5 em&D (a'opHawmfcsdef)wGif bk&m;MuD;teD;
&Sd at;apwDü ûyvkyfcJhonf[k OD;aqmifyg0ifcJhol vli,fwOD;u ajymonf/
]eHeuf 5 em&DavmufrSmyg/ yxrqHk; bk&m;MuD;a&SUat;apwDrSm qD;rD;awGxGef;nIdjyD;awmh qkawmif;
Muygw,f/ aemuf udke0if;at;apwD? ta&SUbufat;apwD? taemufbufat;apwD? awmifbuf
at;apwDeJU ajrmufbufat;apwDwdkUrSm q&mMuD;taMumif;eJUywfoufwJhtaMumif;awG a&;xm;wJh
pm&GufawG oGm;cscJhygw,f/}[k ajymonf/ rnfonfhtwGufaMumifh ,ckuJhokdU eHeufydkif;tcsdefwGif vQdKU
0Sufûyvkyf&onfudk olu qufvufajym Mum;onf/
]q&mMuD; OD;OD;omxGef;aeUwdkU? q&mawmft&SifOD;OwÅraeUwdkUvdkaeUrsdK;awGudk 'DrSm tmPmydkifawGu
ûyvkyfcGifhray;bl;/ 'DvdkaeUrsdK;awGrSm vHkûcHa&;awGtjynfhcsxm;jyD; apmifhMunhfrIawG&Sdygw,f/ 'gaMumifh
tmPmydkifawG rod&atmif eHeufydkif;tcsdefrSm vQdKU0Sufûyvkyf&jcif;jzpfygw,f}/
,ckuJhodkU vIyf&Sm;rIay:aygufjyD;aemuf aeUvnfydkif;tcsdefwGif ppfawGûrdU vHkûcHa&;udkwif;usyfvdkuf
jyD; ae&mtrsm;tjym;wGif vHkûcHa&;wyfzGJU0ifrsm;ukd csxm;vdkufonf[kod&onf/
q&mMuD; OD;OD;omxGef;onf 1990 ckESpfu (ALD) em,uMuD;taejzifh rif;jym;ûrdUe,f jym;acsmif;
aus;&GmwGif EdkifiHa&;w&m;a[maepOf etzppftpdk;&\ zrf;qD;jcif;udkcHcJh&jyD; ppfawGtusOf;axmifwGif
axmif'Pf 3 ESpf csrSwfcHcJh&onf/
¤if;aemufydkif; tmPmydkifrsm;\ESdyfpufrIaMumifh rsm;rMumrSDwGif q&mMuD;rSm 1990 ckESpf Mo*wfpfv
14 &ufaeUwGif ppfawGaxmifxJüyif uG,fvGefoGm;cJhonf/
¤if;tjyif ajrmufOD;ûrdU&Sd &Spfaomif;bk&m;ykxdk;awmfMuD;teD;wGif q&mMuD;\t&dk;udk tkwf*loGwfxm;
aomfvnf; tqdkygtkwf*lay:wGif q&mMuD;emrnftygt0if rnfonfhpmwef;rS a&;om;cGifhrûyonfhtjyif
tmPmydkifrsm;u qD;rD;xGef;nIdjcif;? yef;pnf;csjcif;rsm;vnf;rûyvkyf&efvnf; wm;jrpfxm;onf[k od&
onf/
q&mMuD;tm; 1917 ESpf Edk0bFmv 23 &uf aomMumaeUwGif tzOD;aumif;ZH&DESifh trd a':atmif
<uZHwdkUrSarG;zGg;cJhonf/ ,ckuJhodkU q&mMuD;OD;OD;omxGef;aeUa&mufwdkif; jynfwGif;ESifh jynfyEdkifiHwcsdKUwGif
&ckdiftrsdK;om;rsm;u ESpfpOfusif;yavh&SdMuonf/
ydkifaiG odef;aygif; 1300 &Sd
rif;atmif (ed&Oö&m)
03? 08? 09
&ckdifjynfe,f bl;oD;awmiftajcpdkuf trSwf(15)ppfqifa&;uGyfuJrI XmecsKyfwGif ¤if;wyfzGJU wck
wnf;ydkifqdkifaiGrSm odef;aygif; 1300 ausmf&Sdonf[k trnfraz:vdkol puc(15) aiGpm&if;XmerS
wyfMuyfMuD; pma&;wOD;uajymonf/
tqdkyg wyfMuyfMuDF;pma&;\xkwfaz:ajymMum;csuft& tqdkyg odef;aygif; 1300 ausmfxJrS
puc XmecsKyfwGif vuf&Sdpkaqmif;xm;&SdaiGESifh pD;yGg;a&;vkyfief;rsm;wGif vnfywfaeaomaiGrSm odef;
aygif; 775 odef;ESifhig;aomif;&Sdonf[k od&onf/
OD;ydkifvDrDwufbPfwGif vuf&SdtyfESHxm;aom puc(15)XmecsKyfrSaiGrSm usyfodef;aygif; 535
odef;ckepfaomif;udk;axmifjzpfonf[k oluajymonf/
tqdkyg aiGpm&if;rSm ZGefv 30 &ufaeUxd ûypkxm;aom ESpfcsKyfaiGpm&if;jzpfonf[kod&onf/
OD;ydkifvDrDwufbPfwGif &ckdifjynfe,füwyfpGJxm;aomwyf&if;wckpDrS tyfESHxm;aomaiGrSm odef;
&m*Pef;txufwGifom&Sdonf[k ppfawGrS bPf0efxrf;wOD;rSvnf; twnfûyajymMum;onf/
aiGtenf;qHk;tyfESHxm;aom ppfwyfwyf&if;rsm;xJwGif yk@m;uRef;tajcpdkuf cr& 550 vnf;
yg0ifjyD; tqdkygwyf&if;rS OD;ydkifvDrDwufbPfwGif tyfESHxm;aomaiGrSm usyf 5uka# 5oef; wpf
odef;ESifh 6aomif;&Sdonf[k oluajymonf/
tqdkyg tvGefrsm;jym;aomaiGaMu;rsm;udk &ckdifjynfe,ftajcpdkuf ppfwyf wyf&if;rsm;rS pkaqmif;
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ief;rsm;tjyif trsdK;rsdK;aompD;yGg;a&;vkyfief;rsm;rS pkaqmif;&&Sdxm;jcif;jzpfonf[k od&onf/
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qif;&JwGif;eufvm&jcif;jzpfonf[k od&onf/
 Mo*wfpfv 2009
pdkif;j'm;wD;0dkif;acgif;aqmif q&mausmfZHarmifudk
ac:,lppfaq;r+rsm;ðyvkyf
ed&Oö&mowif;
18? 08? 09
pdkif;j'm; &ckdifpnfawmfwD;0dkif;acgif;aqmif q&mausmfZHarmifudk ûrdUe,fr,uu ac:,ljyD; ppfaq;
ar;jref;rIrsm;ûyvkyfcJhonf[k owif;&&Sdonf/
trnfraz:vdkolwOD;rS ]ûrdUe,fr,u u q&mausmfZHarmifudkac:jyD;awmh EdkifiHa&;vkyfovm;?
a&SUrSmbmawGvkyfzdkUtpDtpOf&SdovJqdkjyD; ac:,lar;jref;wmawGudk ûyvkyfcJhygw,f}[k ajymonf/
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 Mo*wfpfv 2009 pmrsufESm 10

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Mo*wfpfv 2009
udk,ft*Fg tpdwftydkif;tm;jzifh
cg;? tm&HkaMumrsm;udk MuD;pdk;wwfjyD;
t&yfa'orSm awmift&yfudkMuD;
pdk;í ta&miftqif;tm;jzifh ta&mif
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wdkUudk pdk;rkd;um oifhavsmfaom
ausmuf rsuf&wemrsm;rSm pdef?
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xl;ajymif;vGJEdkifaom touft&G,f
rSm (19? 29? 38? 48? 57? 67?
76? 86) ESpf wdkUjzpfayonf/ xdkU
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(1) we*FaEG
1/ we*FaEGom;orD;rsm;onf-
- OmPfynmxufjrufojzifh pmpD
pmuHk;? yef;csD? tEkynm? *Pef;
ocsFm paomynm&yfrsm;udk uRrf;
usifwwfajrmufrnf/
¼ we*FaEG paom (7)&ufom;
orD;rsm;\ OD;acgif;onf nDnmrI
r&SdbJ edrfhcsdKifhaeoljzpfygu xdkol
onf pdwfoabmxm;tvGef nHhzsif;
jyD; avmbpdwfvGefuJojzifh olwyg;
\ jypfwif&IyfcsrIudk cH&wwfonf/
(2) wevFm
2/ wevF m aeUom;orD ; rsm;
onf tusifhpm&dwÅaumif;rGefjcif;?
,Ofaus;odrfharGUjcif;? bmomw&m;
udk vkdufpm;jcif;aMumifh wdk;wufMuD;
yGg;rnf/
¼ wevFmpaom 7&ufom;
orD;rsm;\ OD;acgif;onf apGapmif;
aeolrsdK;qdkygu xdkolonf pdwfo
abmxm;nHhjcif;? raumif;aom 'kp
&d w f w &m;rsm;ud k vd k u f p m;ojzif h
qif;&J 'ku©awGU&rnf/
(3) t*Fg
3/ t*F g aeUarG ; zG g ;aomom;
orD;rsm;onf rmefrmeMuD;wwfjyD;
pdwfvdkufrmefyg ûyrlqufqH aexdkif
wwfjyD; wif;wif;rmrm ajymqdkavh
&Sdwwfonf/
¼ t*Fg paom 7&ufom;orD;
rsm;\OD;acgif;onf cRefaewwfjyD;
OD;acgif;raumif;ygu udk,fpdwfMurf;
wwfonfudk owdûyyg/
(4) Ak'¨[l;
4/ Ak'¨[l;aeUarG;zGg;aom om;
orD;rsm;onf ynmwwfjcif;? tod
OmPfynm&Sdjcif;? olwyg;\aus;
Zl;udk txl;odwwfjcif;wdkUaMumifh
MuD;yGg;csrf;omrnf/
¼ Ak'¨[l;paom 7&ufom;orD;
rsm;\qHyifonf &Iyf,Sufcwfae
ygu xdkolonf ta&;MuD;aom
udk,fa&;udk,fwmudpörsm;udk rwdkif
yifEdkif? todray;Edkifolomjzpfonf/
xdkolonf uwdopömrwnfjcif;?
EI w f r vH k j cif ; rsm;ud k jzpf a pwwf
onf[k em;vnfMuyg/
(5) Mumoyaw;
5/ Mumoyaw;aeY arG;zGg;aom
om;orD;rsm;onf pmay0goemyg
rnf / tMuH t pnf a umif ; rnf /
ta&;tom;aumif;rnf/ &J&ifhrnf/
csrf;omaumif;pm;rnf/ ta>ct&H
aygrsm;rnf/ rif;? trwf? t&m&Sd
rsm;jzpfrnf/
¼ Mumoyaw; paom 7&uf
om; orD;rsm;\tay:EIwfcrf;bufrS
tpG e f r sm;onf atmuf b uf o d k U
ukwfqif;aeygu (avSarSmufxm;
ouJhodkU&Sdaernf)/ xdkvlrsdK;rsm;onf
txufzg; atmufzd oabmrsdK;
ESifhûyrlqufqHwwfjyD; pdwfxm;r
aumif;olrsm;yif jzpfayonf/
(6) aomMum
6/ aomMumaeUarG ; zG g ;aom
om;orD ; rsm;onf umr&*pd w f
vGefuJwwfojzifh tdrfaxmifa&;ü
jyóemay:rnf/ tdrfaxmifqufrsm;
rnf/ qif;&J'ku©awGU&rnf/
¼ aomMumpaom 7&ufom;
orD;rsm;\ tay:EIwfcrf;onf avS
arSmufxm;ouJhodkU &Sdaernfqdkygu
xdkolonf touf 50 ausmft
&G,fwGif pD;yGg;usjcif;? &mxl;ae&m
XmerS ûywfusjcif;txd uHqdk;EdkifzG,f
&Sdonf/
(7) pae
7/ paeaeUarG;zGg;aom om;o
rD ; rsm;onf tvk y f t ud k i f p aom
ûyzG,fudpö[lorQwGif ZGJvHkUv&Sdo
jzifh wdk;wufMuD;yGg;í csrf;om
aumif;pm;rnf/
¼ paepaom 7&ufom;orD;
rsm;\oGm;rsm;onf nDnmrIr&SdbJ
jzpfaeygu xdkolonf tdkZmwm
raumif;ol? tdkuHnHhrnfholjzpfonf/
qif;&Jrnf/ þonfum; 7 &uf
om;orD;wdkU\ &kyfvu©Pmudk avh
vmí a[majymjcif;wnf;/
toQif£E´mpuú
aA'if&kyfvu©PmESifh ordkif;
okawoD
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ausmif;
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zHk;- 0155 841 3145
pmrsufESm 11
t,f'Dwmtmabmf
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tEIef;rsm;udk azgazgoDoD toHk;
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values)ES i f h ,H k M unf c suf r sm;
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(2)
EdkifiHa&;wGif EdkifiHa&;oD0&D
xkwfolrsm; (Political theorists)
&Sdygonf/ olwdkUonf EdkifiHa&;jy
óemrsm;udk pepfwus pHkprf;
ppfaq;&ef tm;xkwfMuygonf/
xdkUtjyif EdkifiHa&;a0g[m& t
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Mo*wfpfv 2009
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ES i f h p m&d w Å q d k i f & m pH E I e f ; rsm;
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(Political Ideologies)onf 19
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Ed k i f i H a &; oabmw&m;
(Political Ideology)onf EdkifiH
a&;ûyrlaqmif&GufrI (Political
Action) trsdK;tpm;wckudk ûyrl
aqmif&Guf&eftajccH (odkU) a&cH
ajrcHudkay;aom EdkifiHa&;tawG;
tac:rsm; tpktpnf; (Set of
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aMumifh EdkifiHa&;oD0&DESifh EdkifiH
a&;oabmw&m;wdkUonf wck
ESifhwck rwlMuacs/
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vkyfaqmifMuygonf/ xdkodkU
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vnf ; aumif ; ? rnf o nh f 0 g'D
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