1.

History is the chronological account of the past, notable of its important, unusual, or interesting events, relating to a particular people, country, period, person, etc. It is the record of past events and times, particularly the human past that has great importance or impact to the people who witnessed the event and continuously affect the people presently living. 2. Historiography is the narrative presentation and description of history based on the study of the methodology and development of history. It is the writing of history based on investigation and not merely narration. 3. A story is a kind of narration of an event or an incident happened which either can be true based on facts and evidences, or fictitious based on hearsays and word of the mouth. 4. A theory is an idea, principle, or a particular conception or view of something which is developed, formulated, and postulated to propose an explanation about a certain matter, event or phenomena which is still uncertain. 5. A fact is an element of information usually presented in order to clarify and validate certain matters related to certain events. It is a truth known by actual existence or by observation. 6. Truth is about the certainty, exactness, or the quality of being genuine, factual of a certain matter. It is a proven or verified principle, statement presented to give answers and certainty to speculations. 7. Speculative is being hypothetical or subjective as it is the kind of answer that goes beyond what is presented, in order to answer why or how certain matters or events happen or exist.

1. History is systematically collected information about the past. As an area of humanity, history gives us explanations to past events, and those explanations used to understand the relationship of then and now. As a field of science, history refers to the study and interpretation of the record of humans, societies, institutions, and any topic that has changed over time. 2. The significance of studying the different incidents in history is that it provides the basis to avoid the mistakes that already happened in the past. Through history, we have a better chance to do things correctly as we already know what to do and what not to do. It is also a way to learn how events from the past affect us today, and can contribute to the choices we will do for the future. 3. Studying history is important, especially of our own history. As Filipinos, it will help us understand the society we live in today by knowing what happened in the past, and it will help preserve the culture, beliefs, and traditions they had before us which makes us distinct from other nations, to trace our own identity. 4. We need to study Philippine history in order to understand the culture, to know how the present scenario of the country has come into existence, to be aware of the mistakes in the past which we should avoid, and to understand the very foundations of our country. 5. The present political and economic problem we are experiencing today is deeply rooted from the beginning. Graft and Corruption is known as the most pervasive deterrent to any nations progressive development. In the Philippines, corruption practices were prevalent even as early as the Spanish colonization.

1. Geography is the physical characteristics, natural surface features of a region, including topography, climate, soil, vegetation, and the like. 2. Etymology is the derivation of a word, the development from its origin or source, Latin, Greek, Old English, up to the present form being used. 3. Chronicles are records or registers of events in chronological order. 4. Archipelago is a group, chain, or cluster of islands near one another. 5. A territory is any land or water belonging to or under the ownership of a state or country. 6. An illustration is an example or demonstration, used to explain a text, and can be in a form of graphical presentation. 7. Location is a place, setting, or site of settlement, whereabouts, or where an island is situated.

1. The Philippines, as an archipelago has the advantage of having numerous beaches that become tourist destinations nowadays, and also provides variety of species of fish and other marine products, which offer livelihood to the people. It has fertile lands, diverse flora, and fauna, extensive coastlines, and rich mineral deposits. Due to the volcanic nature of the islands, mineral deposits are abundant. 2. The location of the Philippines provides a high environment of natural resources in areas such as agriculture, nature, and minerals, the tropical climate is the best, the Philippine territorial waters has great measure, producing a unique and diverse marine life, marine products include variety of fish species, corals, pearls, crabs, and seaweeds, the rain forests offer prime habitat for different species of birds, orchids, and other flowering plants making it a tourist destination, encourage numerous investors, and offer livelihood to the Filipinos, thus providing upkeep to the economy. 3. No. There are diplomatic agreements that have fixed international boundaries and economic zones. But like the claim of Philippines to the Benham Plateau, (approximately 250 km east of the northern coastline of Dinapigue, Isabela) in 2008, in compliance with the requirements of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), the UN has officially approved the claim in April 2012. 4. Ruy Lopez de Villalobos gave the name Felipinas to the group of islands of Leyte and Samar, and later applied to the whole archipelago, in honor of Prince Felipe, son of the current King at that time, and heir to the Spanish throne. 5. The Philippines was called by other names such as Yin li, Archipelago de San Lazaruz, Las Islas de Poniente, Las Islas de Oriente, Ophir, Moluccis Insules, Insulae Placeris Seu Brevium, Lequiros, Archipelago de Celebes, Sebadibae Insulae, Perla del Mar de Oriente, and Philippine Islands. The islands: Maniolae or Ma li lu for Manila, Ma-i for Mindoro and the surrounding islands, Pi Sia Yi for Pangasinan, Ma-u for Palawan, Tchih Jan or Liu Shing for Luzon, San Tao for Visayas.

1. Culture is the set of tradition, idea, belief, value, custom, activities or practice of a certain society or group of people. For example, in the Philippines it is in our culture to say po and opo when speaking with elders, a custom which is not present in other nation. 2. Traditions are the continuing patterns of culture, beliefs, or practices handed down from generation to generation especially by word of mouth or by practice. Celebrating festivities in different parts of the country is one of our many traditions. 3. Customs are the practices one usually do, becomes habitual, and a typical mode of behavior. Giving gifts on Christmas is a customary act. 4. Values are important beliefs or ideals shared by the members of a community as it is presented in the culture to be good or bad, moral or immoral. It can be viewed as a guideline in certain situations to judge certain acts. 5. Archaeology is the study of historic and prehistoric people and their culture with the use of analyzing artifacts and other remains that have been recorded, recovered, and excavated. 6. Descendants are people who derived something in appearance, traits, or character of a specific ancestry, where they came from, they could be the offspring or a later generation. 7. Ethnic is the term pertaining to a certain group of people or minority of people, especially one that has a common and distinctive culture, religion, or language, from a majority in the society. 1. Our culture is rich in its own beliefs and practices. Far from being uncivilized, the ancient Filipinos had a unique identity. Studying the culture of early Filipinos makes us understand the way they live, how their everyday life is like, their code of dress, the social classification they had, the laws they implement, the way they settle cases, their marriage customs, religious beliefs which resembles to that of the Greeks, their burial practices, and their belief about death and afterlife. With these, we could trace where we came from, and how we become what we are today. 2. The ancient people were already civilized even before, as it was in fact a prospering society because it had already established relations with its neighboring islands. Barter of gold, pearls, and other minerals with the traders were dated earlier than the Spanish invasion. They had developed a social structure and political system. They also adopted the mode of dressing of the Malay. 3. In the ancient times, the community was organized into barangays, the socio-political unit at that time. They had political system: chiefly, noble, common, and slaves. They already established laws and held trials. They had costumes and dresses, marriage, gods and goddesses of their own. 4. Ancient Filipino culture and traditions has apparently survived to this day among certain ethnic groups such as the Igorots. However, most of the customs have diminished or gone completely with the occupation of different colonizers and the development of the country. 5. Early Filipinos primarily engaged in the following economic activities: farming, fishing, poultry and swine raising, gold mining and trade. They had barter system where they trade goods and a political system where the barangay was the unit of government. The head was called datu and was the chief executive, legislator, judge and military commander. He made

laws, enforced them and judged all cases and trials brought by the villagers. However, he had a council of elders who assisted him in his administration. There were four social classes in ancient Filipino society: the chiefs, nobles, freemen and the slaves. The datu or the chief headed a barangay or community. His family, relatives and elders belonged to the maginoo class group of nobles. The freemen or middle class belong to the timawa or maharlika group. Men who were born free or were freed from slavery composed the lowest social class because they had no property and were under control of their master.