MATLAB Programs

1. without considering line capacitance

Clear all
for RF=0:200:200
k=0;
for d=0.001:0.001:0.95
for d=0.001:0.949:0.95
k=0;
for RF=0:10:200
%System Conditions
p=300; h=0.96; delta=16;
%Source Impedance/Short circuit ratios
Z1SM=20*exp(j*pi*84.5/180);Z0SM=30*exp(j*pi*72.1/180);
Z1SN=10*exp(j*pi*84.5/180);Z0SN=15*exp(j*pi*72.1/180);
%Transmission Line parameters
Z1L=0.3192*p*exp(j*pi*84.5/180);Z0L=0.7412*p*exp(j*pi*72.1/180);
%RL Alogorithm Calculations
pa=exp(-j*delta*pi/180);
Z1LM=d*Z1L;Z0LM=d*Z0L;
Z1LN=(1-d)*Z1L;
Z0LN=(1-d)*Z0L;
Z1M=Z1SM+Z1LM;
Z0M=Z0SM+Z0LM;
Z1N=Z1SN+Z1LN;
Z0N=Z0SN+Z0LN;
K1=(1-(h*pa))/(Z1N+h*Z1M*pa);
C1=Z1N/(Z1N+Z1M);
C0=Z0N/(Z0N+Z0M);
K0=(Z0L-Z1L)/(Z1L);
Zeq=2*Z1M*Z1N/(Z1M+Z1N)+Z0N*Z0M/(Z0M+Z0N);
ZAPP=Z1LM+3*RF/((Zeq+3*RF)*K1+2*C1+C0*(1+K0));
k=k+1;
A=real(ZAPP);
R(k)=A;
B=imag(ZAPP);
X(k)=B;
end
plot (R,X,':');
xlabel('RESISTANCE, R (Ohms)');
ylabel('REACTANCE, X (Ohms)');
hold all;
end

2. with consideration of line capacitance

clear all;
for RF=0:200:200
K=0;
for d=0.001:0.001:0.95
for d=0.001:0.949:0.95
K=0;
for RF=0:10:200
%System Loading Conditions
P=300; h=0.96; delta=16;
%Source Impedance/Short circuit ratios
Z1SM=20*exp(j*pi*84.5/180);Z0SM=30*exp(j*pi*72.1/180);
Z1SN=10*exp(j*pi*84.5/180);Z0SN=15*exp(j*pi*72.1/180);
%Transmission Line parameters
Z1L=0.3192*P*exp(j*pi*84.5/180);Z0L=0.7412*P*exp(j*pi*72.1/180);
C1=0.0133*10^-6;C0=0.007276*10^-6;
%RLC Alogorithm Calculations
W=100*pi;pa=exp(-j*delta*pi/180);
Z1CM=1/(j*W*P*C1/2);Z0CM=1/(j*W*P*C0/2);
Z1CN=1/(j*W*P*C1/2);Z0CN=1/(j*W*P*C0/2);
Z1C=1/(j*W*P*C1/2);Z0C=1/(j*W*P*C0/2);Y1C=1/Z1C;Y0C=1/Z0C;
Y1CM1=(1/2)*d*Y1C;Y0CM1=(1/2)*d*Y0C;Y1CN1=(1/2)*(1-d)*Y1C;Y0CN1=(1/2)*(1-d)*Y0C;
Z1CM1=1/Y1CM1; Z0CM1=1/Y0CM1; Z1CN1=1/Y1CN1; Z0CN1=1/Y0CN1;
Z1Meq=((Z1SM*Z1CM1+d*Z1L*(Z1SM+Z1CM1))*Z1CM1)/(Z1SM*Z1CM1+(Z1SM+Z1CM1)*(d*Z1L+Z1CM1));
Z0Meq=((Z0SM*Z0CM1+d*Z0L*(Z0SM+Z0CM1))*Z0CM1)/(Z0SM*Z0CM1+(Z0SM+Z0CM1)*(d*Z0L+Z0CM1));
Z1Neq=((Z1SN*Z1CN1+(1-d)*Z1L*(Z1SN+Z1CN1))*Z1CN1)/(Z1SN*Z1CN1+(Z1SN+Z1CN1)*((1d)*Z1L+Z1CN1));
Z0Neq=((Z0SN*Z0CN1+(1-d)*Z0L*(Z0SN+Z0CN1))*Z0CN1)/(Z0SN*Z0CN1+(Z0SN+Z0CN1)*((1d)*Z0L+Z0CN1));
Zeq= (2*(Z1Meq*Z1Neq)/ (Z1Meq+Z1Neq)) + (Z0Meq*Z0Neq)/ (Z0Meq+Z0Neq);
K1=Z1SM*((Z1CM+Z1L)*(Z1SN+Z1CN)+Z1SN*Z1CN)+Z1CM*(Z1L*(Z1SN+Z1CN)+Z1SN*Z1CN);
K2=(Z1CM+Z1L)*(Z1SN+Z1CN)+Z1SN*Z1CN;
K3=Z1CM*(Z1SN+Z1CN);
K4=Z1SN*((Z1CN+Z1L)*(Z1SM+Z1CM)+Z1SM*Z1CM)+Z1CN*(Z1L*(Z1SM+Z1CM)+Z1SM*Z1CM);
K5=(Z1CN+Z1L)*(Z1SM+Z1CM)+Z1SM*Z1CM;
K6=Z1CN*(Z1SM+Z1CM);
K7=Z1CM*Z1CN;
ZT1=(K2/K1)-(K7/K4)*h*pa;
ZT2=(K3/K1)-(K6/K4)*h*pa;
C11=Z1Neq/(Z1Neq+Z1Meq);
C10=Z0Neq/(Z0Neq+Z0Meq);

C21=Z1CM1*(Z1CM1+Z1SM)/(Z1CM1*Z1SM+(Z1SM+Z1CM1)*(Z1CM1+d*Z1L));
C20=Z0CM1*(Z0CM1+Z0SM)/(Z0CM1*Z0SM+(Z0SM+Z0CM1)*(Z0CM1+d*Z0L));
C31=Z1CM1/(Z1CM1+Z1SM);
C30=Z0CM1/(Z0CM1+Z0SM);
K0L=(Z0L-Z1L)/Z1L;
IPREL1=(ZT2*(Zeq+3*RF))/(1-Z1SM*ZT1-d*Z1L*ZT2);
IPREL2=(ZT1*(Zeq+3*RF))/(1-Z1SM*ZT1-d*Z1L*ZT2);
KC1=IPREL1*d*Z1L+2*C11*C21*d*Z1L+C10*C20*d*Z0L;
KC2=IPREL2+2*C11*C21*C31+C10*C20*C30*(1+K0L);
ZAPP=(3*RF+KC1)/KC2;
K=K+1;
A=real(ZAPP);
R(K)=(A);
B=imag(ZAPP);
X(K)=(B);
end
plot(R,X,'-');
xlabel('RESISTANCE, R (Ohms)');
ylabel('REACTANCE, X (Ohms)');
hold all;
end

3. Error calculation
RLC error
clc
clear all;
Z=0;P=300;
if Z==0

for RF=0
K=1;
for d=0.01:0.1:0.95
[R(K),X(K),Z(K)]=RXplotwc(RF,d,P);
[R1(K),X1(K),Z1(K)]=RXplotwoc(RF,d,P);
Rerror(K) =(R(K)-R1(K))/R(K)*100;
Xerror(K) =(X(K)-X1(K))/X(K)*100;
Zerror(K) =(Z(K)-Z1(K))/Z(K)*100;
l(K)=d;
K=K+1;
end
plot(l,Rerror,':');
hold all;
plot(l,Xerror,'*');
hold all;
plot(l,Zerror);
xlabel('Line lenth, P (pu)');
ylabel('Relative error (%)' );
end
Z=Z+1;
end

if Z==1

for d=0.01:0.1:0.95
K=1;
for RF=0:10:200
[R(K),X(K)]=RXplotwc(RF,d,p);
[R1(K),X1(K)]=RXplotwoc(RF,d,p);
Rerror(K) =(R(K)-R1(K))/R(K)*100;
Xerror(K) =(X(K)-X1(K))/X(K)*100;
Zerror(K) =(Z(K)-Z1(K))/Z(K)*100;
l(K)=d;
K=K+1;
end
plot(l,Rerror,':');
hold all;
plot(l,Xerror,'*');
hold all;
plot(l,Zerror);
xlabel('Line lenth, P (pu)');
ylabel('Relative error (%)' );
end
end

RX plot without capacitance

function [a,b,c]=RXplotwoc(RF,d,p)
Z1SM=20*exp(j*pi*84.5/180);Z0SM=30*exp(j*pi*72.1/180);
Z1SN=10*exp(j*pi*84.5/180);Z0SN=15*exp(j*pi*72.1/180);
Z1L=0.3192*p*exp(j*pi*84.5/180);Z0L=0.7412*p*exp(j*pi*72.1/180);
p=300; h=0.96; delta=16;
pa=exp(-j*delta*pi/180);
Z1LM=d*Z1L; Z0LM=d*Z0L;
Z1LN=(1-d)*Z1L;Z0LN=(1-d)*Z0L;
Z1M=Z1SM+Z1LM;Z0M=Z0SM+Z0LM;
Z1N=Z1SN+Z1LN;Z0N=Z0SN+Z0LN;
K1=(1-(h*pa))/(Z1N+h*Z1M*pa);
C1=Z1N/(Z1N+Z1M);
C0=Z0N/(Z0N+Z0M);
K0=(Z0L-Z1L)/(Z1L);
Zeq=2*Z1M*Z1N/(Z1M+Z1N)+Z0N*Z0M/(Z0M+Z0N);
ZAPP=Z1LM+3*RF/((Zeq+3*RF)*K1+2*C1+C0*(1+K0));
a=real(ZAPP);
b=imag(ZAPP);
c=abs(ZAPP);

R-X plot with capacitance

function [a,b,c]=RXplotwc(RF,d,p)

P=300; h=0.96; delta=16;

Z1SM=20*exp(j*pi*84.5/180);Z0SM=30*exp(j*pi*72.1/180);Z1SN=10*exp(j*pi*84.5
/180);Z0SN=15*exp(j*pi*72.1/180);
Z1L=0.3192*P*exp(j*pi*84.5/180);Z0L=0.7412*P*exp(j*pi*72.1/180);
C1=0.0133*10^-6; C0=0.007276*10^-6;
W=100*pi; pa=exp(-j*delta*pi/180);
Z1CM=1/(j*W*P*C1/2);Z0CM=1/(j*W*P*C0/2);
Z1CN=1/(j*W*P*C1/2);Z0CN=1/(j*W*P*C0/2);
Z1C=1/(j*W*P*C1/2);Z0C=1/(j*W*P*C0/2);Y1C=1/Z1C;Y0C=1/Z0C;
Y1CM1=(1/2)*d*Y1C;Y0CM1=(1/2)*d*Y0C;Y1CN1=(1/2)*(1-d)*Y1C;Y0CN1=(1/2)*(1-d)*Y0C;
Z1CM1=1/Y1CM1; Z0CM1=1/Y0CM1; Z1CN1=1/Y1CN1; Z0CN1=1/Y0CN1;
Z1Meq=((Z1SM*Z1CM1+d*Z1L*(Z1SM+Z1CM1))*Z1CM1)/(Z1SM*Z1CM1+(Z1SM+Z1CM1)*(d*Z1L+Z1CM1));
Z0Meq=((Z0SM*Z0CM1+d*Z0L*(Z0SM+Z0CM1))*Z0CM1)/(Z0SM*Z0CM1+(Z0SM+Z0CM1)*(d*Z0L+Z0CM1));
Z1Neq=((Z1SN*Z1CN1+(1-d)*Z1L*(Z1SN+Z1CN1))*Z1CN1)/(Z1SN*Z1CN1+(Z1SN+Z1CN1)*((1d)*Z1L+Z1CN1));
Z0Neq=((Z0SN*Z0CN1+(1-d)*Z0L*(Z0SN+Z0CN1))*Z0CN1)/(Z0SN*Z0CN1+(Z0SN+Z0CN1)*((1d)*Z0L+Z0CN1));
Zeq=(2*(Z1Meq*Z1Neq)/(Z1Meq+Z1Neq))+(Z0Meq*Z0Neq)/(Z0Meq+Z0Neq);
K1=Z1SM*((Z1CM+Z1L)*(Z1SN+Z1CN)+Z1SN*Z1CN)+Z1CM*(Z1L*(Z1SN+Z1CN)+Z1SN*Z1CN);
K2=(Z1CM+Z1L)*(Z1SN+Z1CN)+Z1SN*Z1CN;
K3=Z1CM*(Z1SN+Z1CN);
K4=Z1SN*((Z1CN+Z1L)*(Z1SM+Z1CM)+Z1SM*Z1CM)+Z1CN*(Z1L*(Z1SM+Z1CM)+Z1SM*Z1CM);
K5=(Z1CN+Z1L)*(Z1SM+Z1CM)+Z1SM*Z1CM;
K6=Z1CN*(Z1SM+Z1CM);
K7=Z1CM*Z1CN;
ZT1=(K2/K1)-(K7/K4)*h*pa;
ZT2=(K3/K1)-(K6/K4)*h*pa;
C11=Z1Neq/(Z1Neq+Z1Meq);
C10=Z0Neq/(Z0Neq+Z0Meq);
C21=Z1CM1*(Z1CM1+Z1SM)/(Z1CM1*Z1SM+(Z1SM+Z1CM1)*(Z1CM1+d*Z1L));
C20=Z0CM1*(Z0CM1+Z0SM)/(Z0CM1*Z0SM+(Z0SM+Z0CM1)*(Z0CM1+d*Z0L));
C31=Z1CM1/(Z1CM1+Z1SM);
C30=Z0CM1/(Z0CM1+Z0SM);
K0L=(Z0L-Z1L)/Z1L;
IPREL1=(ZT2*(Zeq+3*RF))/(1-Z1SM*ZT1-d*Z1L*ZT2);
IPREL2=(ZT1*(Zeq+3*RF))/(1-Z1SM*ZT1-d*Z1L*ZT2);
KC1=IPREL1*d*Z1L+2*C11*C21*d*Z1L+C10*C20*d*Z0L;
KC2=IPREL2+2*C11*C21*C31+C10*C20*C30*(1+K0L);
ZAPP=(3*RF+KC1)/KC2;
a=real(ZAPP);
b=imag(ZAPP);
c=abs(ZAPP);

4. Algorithm with practical data

clear all;

for Rf=0:200:200
k=0;
for d=0.001:0.001:0.90
%
%
%

for d=0.001:0.899:0.9
k=0;
for Rf=0:20:200

%System Loading Conditions

p=135.22;
h=0.96;
delta=16;
%Source Impedance/Short circuit ratios
z1sm=20*exp(i*pi*84.5/180);
z0sm=30*exp(i*pi*72.1/180);
z1sn=2.5*exp(i*pi*84.5/180);
z0sn=4.75*exp(i*pi*72.1/180);
%Ramagudam to Gajel Transmission Line parameters
z1m=0.3263*p*exp(i*pi*84.5646/180);
z0m=1.1354*p*exp(i*pi*79.2492/180);
c1=0.011*10^-6;c0=0.006276*10^-6;
%RLC Alogorithm Calculations
w=100*pi;
pa=exp(-i*delta*pi/180);
z1cm1=1/(i*w*p*c1/2);
z0cm1=1/(i*w*p*c0/2);
z1cn1=1/(i*w*p*c1/2);
z0cn1=1/(i*w*p*c1/2);
z1c=1/(i*w*p*c1/2);
z0c=1/(i*w*p*c0/2);
y1c=1/z1c;y0c=1/z0c;
y1cm=d*y1c;
y0cm=y0c*d;
y1cn=(1-d)*y1c;
y0cn=(1-d)*y0c;
z1cm=1/y1cm;
z0cm=1/y0cm;
z1cn=1/y1cn;
z0cn=1/y0cn;
z1meq=((z1sm*z1cm+d*z1m*(z1sm+z1cm))*z1cm)/(z1sm*z1cm+
(z1sm+z1cm)*(d*z1m+z1cm));
z0meq=((z0sm*z0cm+d*z0m*(z0sm+z0cm))*z0cm)/(z0sm*z0cm+
(z0sm+z0cm)*(d*z0m+z0cm));
z1neq=((z1sn*z1cn+(1-d)*z1m*(z1sn+z1cn))*z1cn)/(z1sn*z1cn+
(z1sn+z1cn)*((1-d)*z1m+z1cn));
z0neq=((z0sn*z0cn+(1-d)*z0m*(z0sn+z0cn))*z0cn)/(z0sn*z0cn+
(z0sn+z0cn)*((1-d)*z0m+z0cn));
k1=z1sm*((z1cm1+z1m)*(z1sn+z1cn1)+z1sn*z1cn1)+
(z1m*(z1sn+z1cn1)+z1sn*z1cn1)*z1cm1;

k2=(z1cm1+z1m)*(z1sn+z1cn1)+z1sn*z1cn1;
k3=z1cm1*(z1sn+z1cn1);
k4=z1sn*((z1cn1+z1m)*(z1sm+z1cm1)+z1sm*z1cm1)+
(z1m*(z1sm+z1cm1)+z1sm*z1cm1)*z1cn1;
k5=(z1cn1+z1m)*(z1sm+z1cm1)+z1sm*z1cm1;
k6=z1cn1*(z1sm+z1cm1);
k7=z1cm1/(z1cm1+z1sm);
zt1=(k2/k1)-(k6*k7/k4)*h*pa;
zt2=(k3/k1)-(k6/k4)*h*pa;
zeq=2*(z1meq*z1neq)/(z1meq+z1neq)+(z0meq*z0neq)/(z0meq+z0neq);
c1=z1neq/(z1neq+z1meq);
c0=z0neq/(z0neq+z0meq);
c11=z1cm*(z1cm+z1sm)/(z1cm*z1sm+(z1sm+z1cm)*(z1cm+d*z1m));
c10=z0cm*(z0cm+z0sm)/(z0cm*z0sm+(z0sm+z0cm)*(z0cm+d*z0m));
c21=z1cm/(z1cm+z1sm);
c20=z0cm/(z0cm+z0sm);
k0m=(z0m-z1m)/z1m;
iprlf=(zt2*(zeq+3*Rf))/(1-z1sm*zt1-d*z1m*zt2);
iprf=(zt1*(zeq+3*Rf))/(1-z1sm*zt1-d*z1m*zt2);
kc1=iprlf*d*z1m+2*c1*c11*d*z1m+c0*c10*d*z0m;
kc2=iprf+2*c21*c11*c1+c20*c10*c0*(1+k0m);
zap=((3*Rf)+(kc1))/(kc2);
k=k+1;
a=real(zap);
r(k)=(a);
b=imag(zap);
x(k)=(b);
end
plot(r,x);
xlabel('Resistance, R (ohms)');
ylabel('Reactance, X (ohms)');
hold all
end