 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

ã¹]<gè…‚jÖ]æ<ËÖ]<Üé×Ãj×Ö<íÚ^ÃÖ]<퉉ö¹]
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬


١ 

١٢٣
  ‫א‬  ١٢٣  ‫א‬
  ١J  

 W،،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ،‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬        ،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬    ،  
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
     ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ،‫א‬   
 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬

 ?   ?  ? ١  ? ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

   W    ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬    ‫א‬
 K‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬      
    ١٢٣  ‫א‬
  ١J  

KKKK‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K 
 J W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،
 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،KKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬،
 ‫א‬،‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
    ١٢٣  ‫א‬
  ١J  

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬،،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ،،،،‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
ã¹]<gè…‚jÖ]æ<ËÖ]<Üé×Ãj×Ö<íÚ^ÃÖ]<퉉ö¹]
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

١ 

‫א‬
‫א‬

١
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٢٣  ‫א‬
‫א‬  ١J   


 K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬W‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
KE‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬ •
 K‫א‬‫• א‬
K‫א‬‫• א‬
K‫• א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬ •


 K٪٩٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K٦W‫א‬‫א‬

 KEFW‫א‬‫א‬


 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫ א‬J


-١-
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٢٣  ‫א‬
‫א‬  ١J   

 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ،،،،‫א‬‫א‬













-٢-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٢٣  ‫א‬
‫א‬  ١J   

‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬E
 ‫א‬F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬E
 ‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬
 ‫א‬
١–١‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 E ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
K
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  •

º٦٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬V •
Kº٩٠


 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬ K١
K‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
K‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٤
 KKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬ K٥

-٣-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٢٣  ‫א‬
‫א‬  ١J   

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬
‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬








 ‫א‬‫א‬١–١

 W ‫א‬


K‫א‬J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J


-٤-
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٢٣  ‫א‬
‫א‬  ١J   

 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬


 K‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬ J
K‫א‬‫ א‬J
K‫א‬‫ א‬J
K‫ א‬J
K‫א‬‫א‬ J
K‫א‬ J
K‫א‬‫א‬ J
K‫א‬‫א‬ J
K‫א‬ J
K‫ א‬J
 K‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
٥K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
٢–١K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ V‫א‬ ٢–
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
-٥-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٢٣  ‫א‬
‫א‬  ١J   

K٣–١‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٤–١
 ‫א‬‫א‬٥–١






 KV‫א‬‫א‬٢–١








 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣–١

-٦-
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٢٣  ‫א‬
‫א‬  ١J   







 ‫א‬‫א‬٤–١






 ٥–١

 ‫א‬‫א‬
K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
٨٠٥٠‫א‬٦٠٤٠  ‫א‬‫ א‬K١
K‫א‬
º٢٠٠٠ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
‫א‬‫א‬ º١٢٠٨٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
º٢٢٠١٠٠‫א‬‫א‬

-٧-
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٢٣  ‫א‬
‫א‬  ١J   

K
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬، ‫א‬‫ א‬K٣
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬


 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬


‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
 K٣
‫א‬ K٤
‫א‬ K٥
 K٦
‫א‬ K٧
 K٨


‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬K٦–١‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬

  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K ‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫ א‬K١
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬

-٨-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٢٣  ‫א‬
‫א‬  ١J   

‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K
 ‫א‬٠{٤
 ٠{٢‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٠{٥ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K ‫א‬
 ٢ ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
   
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬


K‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬ •
 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ƒ
‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬ ƒ
‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ƒ
K٧–١ ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ƒ
‫א‬‫א‬ ƒ
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ƒ
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ƒ

‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ƒ

-٩-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٢٣  ‫א‬
‫א‬  ١J   








 ‫א‬‫א‬٦–١








 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٧–١









- ١٠ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٢٣  ‫א‬
‫א‬  ١J   

 ‫א‬
 W‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٤

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫ א‬K١
K‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
 K‫ א‬K٣

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
K‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
K K٣
K‫א‬ K٤
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٥
K K٦
K‫א‬ K٧
 K K٨

K‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ،
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 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٢٣  ‫א‬
‫א‬  ١J   

 ‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 KK‫א‬،‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 ٪١٢‫א‬‫א‬ ƒ
٪١٨‫א‬‫א‬ ƒ
٪٢٤‫א‬‫א‬ ƒ
 ٪٢٪٤‫א‬‫א‬ ƒ

‫א‬E
 ‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬KE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
 ‫א‬K‫א‬  ‫א‬K 
K٨–١‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
٤٠٠º ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬٣٢٠
 K‫א‬‫א‬١٠–١K٩–١‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٢٣  ‫א‬
‫א‬  ١J   










 ‫א‬‫א‬٨–١

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 ‫א‬٩–١

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 ‫א‬١٠–١


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 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٢٣  ‫א‬
‫א‬  ١J   

 E‫א‬F‫א‬


 ‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣

 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K
 ‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٠{٢‫א‬
١٨٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
١٢–١‫א‬١١–١K
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬



 ‫א‬‫א‬١١–١




 ‫א‬‫א‬١٢–١

- ١٤ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٢٣  ‫א‬
‫א‬  ١J   

 ‫א‬
‫א‬K
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬K  ‫א‬
‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K ‫א‬١٣–١K‫א‬‫א‬ ٠{٠٠٧٠{٠٠٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،٨٠٦٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 
 ‫א‬
‫א‬١٥–١‫א‬‫א‬١٤–١
 K‫א‬





 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١٣–١




 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١٤–١



- ١٥ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٢٣  ‫א‬
‫א‬  ١J   







 ‫א‬١٥–١
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬ K١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
K‫א‬ K٣
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٤

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
K‫א‬‫ א‬K٣

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬ K١
K‫א‬ K٢
K‫א‬ K٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬ K٤


- ١٦ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٢٣  ‫א‬
‫א‬  ١J   

 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K١٦–١‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١٧–١ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،٣١‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬I‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K١٩–١‫א‬‫א‬K١٨J ١
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬٢٠J ١‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K  ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

- ١٧ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٢٣  ‫א‬
‫א‬  ١J   

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬
 K‫א‬١٠٥‫א‬‫א‬
 




 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١٦–١







 ‫א‬‫א‬١٧–١


 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١٨–١


- ١٨ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٢٣  ‫א‬
‫א‬  ١J   


 ‫א‬‫א‬١٩–١



 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢٠–١

 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 K٢١J ١
 W
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٤
KK……‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٥

- ١٩ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٢٣  ‫א‬
‫א‬  ١J   

  W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ٢٢–١‫א‬ K١
‫א‬٢٣–١‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٤
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٥
K١
‫א‬ K٢
‫א‬ K٣
 ‫א‬‫א‬ K٤

 ‫א‬‫א‬٢١–١






 ‫א‬‫א‬٢٢–١

- ٢٠ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٢٣  ‫א‬
‫א‬  ١J   







 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢٣–١

‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
٥K ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬
K ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬١٠٠‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
E ‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬
V‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬
º١٢٠ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬K ‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬EF
‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬
- ٢١ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٢٣  ‫א‬
‫א‬  ١J   

‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٢٤–١

  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
K ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K







 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢٤–١
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬٢٥–١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
 ‫א‬‫א‬ K٤
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K



- ٢٢ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٢٣  ‫א‬
‫א‬  ١J   







‫ﻋﻤﻮد اﻟﻤﺮﻓﻖ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺪاﻓﺔ‬ 


 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢٥–١

- ٢٣ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٢٣  ‫א‬
‫א‬  ١J   

 ‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬


- ٢٤ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٢٣  ‫א‬
‫א‬  ١J   

 ‫א‬

Crank shaft ‫א‬ Engine block ‫א‬

Cam shaft ‫א‬ Piston ‫א‬

Fly wheel  ‫א‬‫ א‬Cylinder ‫א‬‫א‬

Piston ring  ‫ א‬Connecting rod ‫א‬‫א‬

feeler  ‫ א‬Piston pin ‫א‬

micrometer   Crank shaft ‫א‬‫א‬

journal bearing

Bore gauge  Oil pump ‫א‬

‫א‬

Gasket ‫א‬‫ א‬Sump ‫א‬

- ٢٥ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٢٣  ‫א‬
‫א‬  ١J   

 ‫א‬


‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٤
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٥
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٦
‫؟‬‫א‬ K٧
‫؟‬‫א‬ K٨
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٩
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١٠
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١١
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١٣
‫؟‬‫א‬ K١٤
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١٥
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١٦
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K١٧
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١٨
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١٩
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢٠
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢١

- ٢٦ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
ã¹]<gè…‚jÖ]æ<ËÖ]<Üé×Ãj×Ö<íÚ^ÃÖ]<퉉ö¹]
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

١ 

‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬

٢
‫א‬‫א‬  ١٢٣  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ١J   

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ƒ
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ƒ
 K‫א‬‫א‬ ƒ
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ƒ
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ƒ

 K٪٩٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K٦W‫א‬‫א‬

 KEFW‫א‬‫א‬


 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫ א‬J





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 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٢٣  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ١J   

 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
KKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،V
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬
 ،،،،‫א‬‫א‬






- ٢٨ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٢٣  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ١J   

KE
 ‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
،
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬E ‫א‬، ‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬J
 K‫א‬‫א‬J
 K‫א‬‫א‬J
 K‫א‬J
 K‫א‬J
 K‫א‬J
 K‫א‬J
 K‫א‬J
 K‫א‬‫א‬J
 K‫א‬‫א‬J
 K‫א‬‫א‬J
 K‫א‬‫א‬J
 KE‫א‬F‫א‬J
 KE‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬J

(Engine Cycle)‫א‬‫א‬

FE
 ‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE‫א‬‫א‬

- ٢٩ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٢٣  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ١J   

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K ‫א‬E ‫א‬F‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K١J ٢‫א‬،‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬


 W‫א‬J 
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

W‫א‬J 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬J 
‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
J W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬J 
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
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 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٢٣  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ١J   

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‫א‬‫א‬١J ٢ 
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W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬، ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 K٢J ٢
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬??
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٢٣  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ١J   

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
 KJ
 K‫א‬‫א‬J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
 K‫א‬J
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 ‫א‬‫א‬٢J ٢ 

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 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٢٣  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ١J   

Cylinder Arrangement ‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E
 ‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K،،V ،W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 J W‫א‬‫א‬
K  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬J 
 KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
، ‫א‬‫א‬VW V‫א‬J 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ، ‫א‬W ‫א‬‫א‬J 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬J 
 K‫א‬‫א‬








 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣ J ٢  

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 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٢٣  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ١J   

 (Number of Cylinders)‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬٨٦٤‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ K ‫א‬١٦١٢٥٣‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

(Cylinder Numbers) ‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫ א‬E
 F  ‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٤J ٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ١‫א‬ ‫א‬V
K 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬
١‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K
 
 K

 E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٤ J ٢ 

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 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٢٣  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ١J   

 (Firing Order) ‫א‬

‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K٥J ٢‫א‬






‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٥ J ٢ 

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 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٢٣  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ١J   

 (Cooling System)‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K
 ‫א‬E ‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K٦J ٢‫א‬،‫א‬
، ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K٧J ٢‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬٧J ٢ ‫א‬٦ J ٢ 




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 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٢٣  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ١J   

 (Ignition System) ‫א‬


‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E
 F‫א‬‫א‬
 K،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬E ‫א‬F‫א‬W(SI)‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬W(CI)
 K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬

 (Camshaft Drive) ‫א‬‫א‬

 K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬
 K٩J ٢٨J ٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٢٣  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ١J   

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬







‫א‬‫א‬٨J ٢







‫ ﻧﻘﻞ اﻟﺤﺮآﺔ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ اﻟﺠﻨﺰﻳﺮ ﻟﻠﻜﺎﻣﺔ اﻟﻌﻠﻮﻳﺔ وﻧﻘﻞ اﻟﺤﺮآﺔ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ اﻟﺘﺮوس‬٩ - ٢ ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬ 


 (Camshaft Location) ‫א‬


‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ١٠J ٢‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 K(OHV)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ K(OHC)‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬W
 ‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

- ٣٨ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٢٣  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ١J   

‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
FE
 F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 KE
‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬W
K١٢J ٢E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K١٣J ٢‫א‬
 K







‫א‬١٠ J ٢  

(Normal Aspiration vs Turbocharging) ‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٠١F‫א‬
‫א‬E
 ‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬W١١J ٢EF‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K٪٥٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬


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 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٢٣  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ١J   









 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١١J ٢
 K‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬ 
 (Engine Location) ‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
FE ‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬W
 
 K١٢J ٢E‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬
 
 K
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K١٣J ١‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W
 
 K١٤J ١‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

- ٤٠ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٢٣  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ١J   

  ،EF ‫א‬١٢ J ٢ 




  EF ‫א‬١٣ J ٢ 




 EF‫א‬١٤ J ٢ 

(Engine motion) ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ WEF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E
 ‫א‬‫א‬FK١٥J ٢‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W١٦J ٢‫א‬

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‫א‬‫א‬  ١٢٣  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ١J   

،٣J ٢‫א‬،٢J ١‫א‬،٣J ١‫א‬J 

 ١J ٣‫א‬
J ٢‫א‬،٢J ١‫א‬،٣J ١ ‫א‬J 
 ٣
J ٢ ‫א‬،٢J ١‫א‬‫א‬،٣J ١ ‫א‬J 
 ٣
‫א‬،٢J ١‫א‬‫א‬،٣J ١ ‫א‬J 
 ٣J ٢


 



 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١٥ J ٢ 



‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١٦ J ٢ 

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 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٢٣  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ١J   

(Alternate Engines) ‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬،‫א‬،W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
K‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٢٣  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ١J   

 

K
 ‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE ‫א‬F‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬F
 KV‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K ‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K

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‫א‬‫א‬  ١٢٣  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ١J   

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬


Firing order ‫א‬ In-line Engine 

Compression
 Spark Ignition ‫א‬
Ignition

Diesel Engine  Gasoline Engine 

Compression Stroke ‫א‬ Intake Stroke  ‫א‬

Exhaust Stroke ‫א‬ Power Stroke ‫א‬

Rotary Engine  ‫א‬ Fuel Injection  ‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٢٣  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ١J   

 ‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ١
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٢
 ‫א‬J    ‫א‬J 
 ‫א‬J   ‫א‬J 
 K‫א‬KKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٣
 J   J 
 J   J 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W ‫א‬‫ א‬J ٤
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬J    ‫א‬‫א‬J ‫؟‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W ‫א‬‫ א‬J ٥
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬W ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬J    ‫א‬‫א‬J ‫؟‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J  

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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
ã¹]<gè…‚jÖ]æ<ËÖ]<Üé×Ãj×Ö<íÚ^ÃÖ]<퉉ö¹]
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

١ 

‫א‬
‫א‬

٣
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٢٣  ‫א‬
‫א‬  ١J   

 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬ ƒ
 K‫א‬ •
 K‫א‬ •
 K‫א‬ •
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
 ‫א‬ •

 K٪٩٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K٦W‫א‬‫א‬

 KEFW‫א‬‫א‬


 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫ א‬J



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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٢٣  ‫א‬
‫א‬  ١J   

 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬
،
 ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬K
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ،،،،‫א‬‫א‬

- ٤٨ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٢٣  ‫א‬
‫א‬  ١J   

KE٢٢٠٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٪٣٥‫א‬‫א‬
K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬ -٤
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 KE١J ٣F
 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ KE
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 K‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٢٣  ‫א‬
‫א‬  ١J   










 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١J ٣  

 W‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٢J ٣F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬







 ‫א‬٢J ٣  

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 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٢٣  ‫א‬
‫א‬  ١J   

 WE٣J ٣F‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬ ƒ
K‫ƒ א‬
K‫א‬ ƒ
KE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ ƒ
KE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ ƒ
K‫א‬ ƒ
K‫ƒ א‬
K‫א‬ ƒ
K‫א‬ ƒ
K‫א‬ ƒ
K‫א‬ ƒ
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ƒ




‫א‬‫א‬٣J ٣ 

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٢٣  ‫א‬
‫א‬  ١J   

(Coolant)‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬
  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬

(Ethylene glycol)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬٪٥٠
 K‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬

(Water Jacket)‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 (Radiator)E‫א‬F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬



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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٢٣  ‫א‬
‫א‬  ١J   

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E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬٤J ٣

 WE٤J ٣F‫א‬‫א‬
 KE‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬ .١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬FE‫א‬L‫א‬F‫א‬‫ א‬.٢
 KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬ .٣
 KE‫א‬
 KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F .٤
‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬ .٥
 KE
 W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
KE٥J ٣F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٢٣  ‫א‬
‫א‬  ١J   


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٥J ٣  
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 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬E٦J ٣‫א‬F
 K‫א‬‫א‬J 
K‫א‬‫א‬J 
 

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 E‫א‬J ،‫א‬J  F ‫א‬‫א‬٦J ٣ 

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٢٣  ‫א‬
‫א‬  ١J   

 (Radiator cap)‫א‬
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 W‫א‬
 K‫א‬ ‫א‬ -١
 K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ -٢
 K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -٣
KE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ -٤
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 WE٧J ٣F‫א‬
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KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F   -١
‫א‬F‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬ -٢
 KE‫א‬‫א‬
F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -٣
 KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬٧J ٣

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٢٣  ‫א‬
‫א‬  ١J   

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٨J ٣ 

 W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E ١١٠J ٨٣F ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬KE ١٢٧J ١٢١F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬


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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٢٣  ‫א‬
‫א‬  ١J   

 (Overflow tank)E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬E٨J ٣‫א‬F‫א‬
‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬

 (Water pump)‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
.‫وﺗﺮآﺐ ﺑﻤﻘﺪﻣﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﺮك وﺗﻌﻤﻞ ﻏﺎﻟﺒًﺎ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺳﻴﺮ ﻳﺄﺧﺬ ﺣﺮآﺘﻪ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ اﻟﺒﻜﺮة اﻟﻤﺜﺒﺘﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻤﻮد اﻟﻤﺮﻓﻖ‬
 WE٩J ٣F‫א‬‫א‬
 E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬ K١
 KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬ K٢
 KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬ K٣
 KE‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ K٤
 KE‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬ K٥
 KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬ K٦
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٢٣  ‫א‬
‫א‬  ١J   

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

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‫א‬‫א‬٩J ٣  
 (Hoses)‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE‫א‬‫א‬
 (Thermostat) E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K
 K

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٢٣  ‫א‬
‫א‬  ١J   

 W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 KE١٠J ٣F‫א‬‫א‬



١٠J ٣  

W‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K١١J ٣E F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٢٣  ‫א‬
‫א‬  ١J   







 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١١J ٣ 

 WE١٢J ٣F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K٩١J ٨٢
 (Cooling fan)‫א‬

‫درﺟﺔ ﺣﺮارة ﻓﺘﺢ اﻟﺼﻤﺎم‬

 ‫א‬١٢J ٣ 

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٢٣  ‫א‬
‫א‬  ١J   

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 WE١٣J ٣F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬J 
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 J 
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F
 KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٢٣  ‫א‬
‫א‬  ١J   

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J ،‫א‬J ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١٣J ٣ 

 W‫א‬‫א‬
E ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬ -١
 KE١٤J ٣F
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‫א‬‫א‬١٤J ٣
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 EF،EF
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 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٢٣  ‫א‬
‫א‬  ١J   

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‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١٥J ٣
‫א‬  
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‫א‬ EF -٢
‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،١٥J ٣‫א‬E ‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬-٣
‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -٤
‫א‬‫א‬K١٦J ٣‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٢٣  ‫א‬
‫א‬  ١J   

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 ‫א‬‫א‬١٦J ٣
 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬١٧J ٣ 

 (Radiator shroud)‫א‬‫א‬
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 K١٧J ٣K‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٢٣  ‫א‬
‫א‬  ١J   

 ( BELT )‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 WE١٨J ٣F‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K[VYJ 
‫א‬‫א‬ K[VYJ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K‫א‬
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(‫)ب‬ (‫)أ‬

[vY‫א‬ EF [vY  EF١٨J ٣

(Temperature Indicator)‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬E
 FK ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬٢٠J ٣KE١٩J ٣F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٢٣  ‫א‬
‫א‬  ١J   





‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢٠J ٣ ١٩J ٣
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ 

(Heater System)‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ K ‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬


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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٢٣  ‫א‬
‫א‬  ١J   

 

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
 ‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬E
 ‫א‬F‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬ ‰

K‫א‬ ‰

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‰

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‰

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‰

K‫א‬ ‰

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 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٢٣  ‫א‬
‫א‬  ١J   

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Coolant ‫א‬ Air Cooled  ‫א‬

Water Pump ‫א‬ Water Cooled  

Radiator Cap ‫א‬ Recovery Tank ‫א‬‫א‬

Hoses ‫ א‬Belt ‫א‬

Radiator  Cooling Fan ‫א‬

Cooling System ‫א‬ Fan shroud ‫א‬‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٢٣  ‫א‬
‫א‬  ١J   

 ‫א‬

 ‫؟‬‫א‬ J ١
 ‫؟‬‫א‬ J ٢
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ J ٣
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٤
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬J ٥
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٦
 ‫؟‬‫א‬ J ٧
 ‫؟‬‫א‬ J ٨
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٩
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ١٠
 ‫؟‬‫א‬ J ١١
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ١٢
 K‫א‬J 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J 
 K‫א‬J 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ١٣
 K‫א‬J 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J 
 K‫א‬J 
 K‫א‬‫א‬J 

- ٦٩ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
ã¹]<gè…‚jÖ]æ<ËÖ]<Üé×Ãj×Ö<íÚ^ÃÖ]<퉉ö¹]
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

١ 

‫א‬
‫א‬

٤
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ١٢٣  ‫א‬
‫א‬  ١J   

 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫ƒ א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫ƒ א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ƒ א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫ƒ א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬ ƒ
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ƒ

K٪٩٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K٦W‫א‬‫א‬

 KEFW‫א‬‫א‬


 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫ א‬J

- ٧٠ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ١٢٣  ‫א‬
‫א‬  ١J   

 

‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KKKKK‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ،،،،‫א‬‫א‬



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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ١٢٣  ‫א‬
‫א‬  ١J   

 Friction ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬ K١
  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬٠٠٠٢٠٠٠١‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

W‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬J 
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 
KE‫א‬F‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬J 
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ١٢٣  ‫א‬
‫א‬  ١J   

‫א‬
 ‫א‬E
 ‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J 
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 K??
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 Properties of oil ‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٤
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫?א‬‫א‬ K٥
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬ K٦

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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ١٢٣  ‫א‬
‫א‬  ١J   

 W‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫؛‬‫ א‬-١
E ‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬ -٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
KE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ١٢٣  ‫א‬
‫א‬  ١J   

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
?
 ‫?א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬ -١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬ -٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬ -٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬ -٤
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬ -٥
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ١٢٣  ‫א‬
‫א‬  ١J   

 W‫א‬ -٦
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬

Kinds of Oils‫א‬‫א‬

 W -١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬ -٢
K‫א‬‫א‬
W -٣

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬??‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 Measurement of oil Viscosity‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  “Engler”‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢ ٢٠٠‫א‬
 K٥٥٢‫א‬

١٢J ٩‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K٥٥٠‫א‬٨–٤٥‫א‬٥٥٠‫א‬

 

 ٥١٠٠‫א‬٢‫א‬
‫א‬“S.A.E.”‫א‬‫א‬
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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ١٢٣  ‫א‬
‫א‬  ١J   

،٢٠،١٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KEKKFS.A.E.‫א‬‫א‬٧٠،٦٠،٥٠،٤٠،٣٠

 Specifications of Oil ‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

E?F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 
S.A.E 10
 ??‫א‬
 S.A.E 20
 
S.A.E 30
 ‫א‬ S.A.E 40
 S.A.E 50

  S.A.E 60
 ??‫א‬  S.A.E 70


‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 “10w – 30”٣٠–١٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬ ١٠‫א‬
 K٣٠‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W

- ٧٧ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ١٢٣  ‫א‬
‫א‬  ١J   

Lubrication systems ‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫ א‬K١
 K ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٢
 .‫א‬‫ א‬K٣

 W‫א‬‫א‬E١
?‫?א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬?‫?א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬??
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬?‫א‬‫?א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬ ‫א‬


 ‫א‬
 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬

- ٧٨ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ١٢٣  ‫א‬
‫א‬  ١J   

 ‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫ א‬.١
 K‫א‬‫א‬ .٢
 K‫א‬ .٣
 K‫א‬ .٤
 K‫א‬ .٥

 W ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬E٣
?‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬?‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
K٢L٤–٢‫א‬‫א‬

 

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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ١٢٣  ‫א‬
‫א‬  ١J   

 Parts of lubrication system ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W E١J ٤F ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬E١J ٤F
 KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬ K١
 KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
 KE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ K٤
 KE‫א‬
 KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬ K٥
 KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ K٦
KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬ K٧
E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬ K٨
EF‫א‬ K٩

 Lubrication Process ‫א‬

E١J ٤F 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ١٢٣  ‫א‬
‫א‬  ١J   

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬

 W‫א‬J 
E ‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬E٢J ٤F










 ‫א‬‫א‬E٢J ٤F

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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ١٢٣  ‫א‬
‫א‬  ١J   

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J 
‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣J ٤F‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬







 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣J ٤F
 ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 KE٤J ٤F‫א‬‫א‬

- ٨٢ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ١٢٣  ‫א‬
‫א‬  ١J   






 ‫א‬E٤J ٤F
 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E OIL FILTERF‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K١
 K‫א‬‫ א‬K٢

- ٨٣ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ١٢٣  ‫א‬
‫א‬  ١J   

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١F
‫א‬?‫א‬‫א‬?‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ?‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K L ٢٠–١٥‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٥J ٤F

E٥J ٤F ‫א‬ 

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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ١٢٣  ‫א‬
‫א‬  ١J   

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬E٢F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬
 KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K


 ‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ١٢٣  ‫א‬
‫א‬  ١J   

 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،،EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٦J ٤F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬






 

 ‫א‬E٦J ٤F
 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
E٧J ٤F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬



 ‫א‬E٧J ٤F

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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ١٢٣  ‫א‬
‫א‬  ١J   

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٦٠٠٠F‫א‬‫א‬


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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ١٢٣  ‫א‬
‫א‬  ١J   

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Oil pump  ‫א‬

Oil relief valve  ‫א‬

Oil filter  ‫א‬

Oil cooler  ‫א‬

Oil pressure gauge  ‫א‬

Pick up Screen  ‫א‬‫א‬

 Oil plug  ‫א‬



   


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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ١٢٣  ‫א‬
‫א‬  ١J   

 ‫א‬

 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ١
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٢
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٣
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٤
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٥
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٦
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٧


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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
ã¹]<gè…‚jÖ]æ<ËÖ]<Üé×Ãj×Ö<íÚ^ÃÖ]<퉉ö¹]
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

١ 

‫א‬
‫א‬

٥
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٢٣  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ١J    

K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬W‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
 K‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬ •
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •

K٪٩٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K٦W‫א‬‫א‬

 KEFW‫א‬‫א‬


 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫ א‬J


- ٩٠ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٢٣  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ١J    

 

‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬
K‫א‬
 ،‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
، ‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬، ،‫א‬‫א‬،
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 ،،،،‫א‬‫א‬









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 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٢٣  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ١J    


‫א‬L‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .١
 K‫א‬‫א‬ .٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .٣

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E١J ٥FW‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫ א‬.١
K‫א‬ .٢
K‫א‬ .٣
K‫ א‬.٤
K‫ א‬.٥
K‫א‬ .٦
K‫א‬ .٧

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 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٢٣  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ١J    





 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١J ٥


 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٢

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
 K‫א‬ •

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •

 KE‫א‬F‫א‬ •

K‫א‬ •

- ٩٣ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٢٣  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ١J    

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–
‫א‬‫א‬٢J ٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 WE‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬ ƒ

K‫א‬ ƒ

KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬ ƒ

K‫א‬ ƒ










 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢J ٥

 K‫ א‬K١
 K‫א‬ K٢
 K‫א‬‫אא‬ K٣
 K‫ א‬K٤
 K‫ א‬K٥
 K‫ א‬K٦
 K‫ א‬K٧

- ٩٤ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٢٣  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ١J    

 (IgnitionCoil)‫א‬

E
 ١٢F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
  ‫א‬
 KEF٥٠٠٠٠‫א‬٢٠٠٠٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣J ٥F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬


‫ﺳ ﻠﻚ‬

‫اﻟ‬

‫اﻟ ﺪاﺋﺮ‬ 

‫اﻟ ﺪاﺋﺮ‬ 

٣J ٥

(Distributor)‫א‬

‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K ‫א‬E
 ‫א‬F ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W٤J ٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬


- ٩٥ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٢٣  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ١J    


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‫א‬‫א‬٤J ٥ 


K‫א‬ K١
KE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٢
K K٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٤
KEF‫א‬ K٥
K‫א‬‫א‬ K٦
K‫א‬‫א‬ K٧
K‫ א‬K٨
 E‫א‬FK‫א‬ K٩

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 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٢٣  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ١J    

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬E
 ‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬KE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K٥J ٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬
EF
‫א‬

‫א‬


‫א‬


‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬٥J ٥ 

E ‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٠{٠٢٥‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬

- ٩٧ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٢٣  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ١J    

 (Contact Breaker)E‫א‬F‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E ‫א‬F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
K
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬J ‫א‬‫א‬J ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬٦J ٥‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬ 
‫א‬





‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ 
‫א‬ 

 EF‫א‬‫א‬٦J ٥


- ٩٨ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٢٣  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ١J    

 (Dwell Angle)‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٧J ٥‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(Back Fire)
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬



‫א‬ 


‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٧J ٥

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 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٢٣  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ١J    


 ‫א‬٨J ٥‫א‬K
 ‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬


 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٨J ٥

 (Condenser)‫א‬

،‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E F
K‫א‬‫א‬٩J ٥‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬

 W
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •

‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬


‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
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 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٢٣  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ١J    

‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬





 K‫א‬‫א‬٩J ٥
 ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K
‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 K

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 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٢٣  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ١J    

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ (Side Electrode)(Steel ShellF‫א‬ K١
K‫א‬
‫א‬ (Insulator) ‫א‬ K٢
 (Central Electrode) K٣

1 

2 
3


4

5
6 
7

8

9

 K‫א‬ K١
K ‫א‬ K٢
‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
K‫א‬‫א‬ K٤
K K٥
K K٦
K‫א‬ K٧
E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ K٨
 E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ K٩


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 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٢٣  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ١J    

 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E١٠J ٥F .(Hot Plug)‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K(Cold Plug)‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬ ‰

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٣
K‫א‬‫א‬ K٤
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٥

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٢


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 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٢٣  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ١J    

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٣

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫ א‬K٤
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٥

 ‫א‬‫א‬١٠J ٥



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 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٢٣  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ١J    

 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ •

‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EKKF‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

W‫א‬‫א‬ •

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١١J ٥‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ K ‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٢٣  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ١J    

 
‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
 ‫א‬


 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١١J ٥

WEF‫א‬‫א‬ •

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E F‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬
 E١٢J ٥FK‫א‬‫א‬








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 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٢٣  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ١J    

 ‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬ K١
K‫א‬ K٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٤
K‫א‬‫א‬ K٥
K‫א‬ K٦
‫ﺷ‬
KIntake manifold‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٧


 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ƒ א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ƒ
K‫א‬ ƒ
 ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ ƒ
 KEKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
E F‫א‬‫א‬E١٣J ٥F‫א‬‫א‬ •
KEF
‫א‬
 ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ •
K


- ١٠٧ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٢٣  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ١J    








 K‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١٣J ٥

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ K١
K‫א‬ K٢
K‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
E‫א‬F K٤
K‫א‬ K٥
K‫א‬ K٦
K‫א‬ K٧
K‫א‬ K٨
K‫א‬ K٩
‫א‬ K١٠


- ١٠٨ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٢٣  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ١J    

 E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Breaker-Triggered Transistorized Coil Ignition System (TCI)
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٤J ٥F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬٠،٢
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬١٤J ٥

- ١٠٩ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٢٣  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ١J    

 (Ignition PointF‫א‬

 J W‫א‬
 E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬ -١

K‫א‬ -٢

 J W‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J ١

K‫א‬‫א‬ J ٢

 J W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 J W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -١
K‫א‬ -٢
K‫א‬ -٣
K‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬ -٤
K‫א‬ -٥

K‫א‬ -٦

ESpark AdvanceF‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬ -١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -٣
K‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٢٣  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ١J    

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 EFiring VoltageF‫א‬‫א‬
 J W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬

 EIgnition EnergyF‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬0.2mj
‫א‬‫א‬ 0.3mj‫א‬‫א‬
 E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬
 Infulences on Ignition Carac-Teristics

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫ א‬.١
KETurbulenceF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .٢
K‫א‬‫א‬ .٣
K‫א‬ .٤
KK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ETurbulenceF‫א‬ .٥
K‫א‬ .٦
KE‫א‬F‫א‬ .٧
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
HC ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬
 ‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
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 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٢٣  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ١J    


Pollutant Emission

‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬A2‫א‬‫א‬
Nox،‫א‬‫א‬Hc‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 KCo‫א‬،‫א‬

 EKnocking tendencyF‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٢٣  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ١J    

 ‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 Transistorised Coil Ignition with Inductive Pulse Generator.
K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE١٥J ٥F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫وﺣﺪة اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ‬


‫ﻣ ﺮور اﻟﺘﻴ ﺎر‬
‫اﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ‬


 
 ‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫ﻒ‬ ‫ﻣﻠ‬
‫اﻹﺷﻌﺎل‬


‫وﺣﺪة اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ‬




‫اﻟﺸﻤﻌﺔ‬ 

‫ﺷﺎآﻮش‬
 ‫ﻏﻄﺎء اﻟﻤﻮزع‬



 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١٥J ٥
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 E١٦J ٥FK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- ١١٣ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٢٣  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ١J    

 W‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‰

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‰

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‰

٤ ٣ ٢ ١ 

 W‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K١
K‫א‬ K٢
K‫א‬‫ א‬K٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٤

 






  
 ‫א‬‫א‬١٦J ٥

- ١١٤ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٢٣  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ١J    

 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E١٧J ٥FK‫א‬‫א‬(EMF)


‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١٧J ٥ 
K‫א‬


- ١١٥ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٢٣  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ١J    

 J WL‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬116‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬12‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬100V–‫א‬‫א‬0.5V

 J W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬KTz‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 F = Z . n/z min-1
 ‫א‬ZF
 ‫א‬‫א‬ZZ
 min-1‫א‬‫א‬ZN
 Trigger Box‫א‬
 L

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 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٢٣  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ١J    

 J W‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J ١
‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬J ٢
‫א‬ J ٣
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E166F‫א‬‫א‬K
 K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬


 Transistorised Coil Ignition with Hall Effect.–‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

  (Iv)E‫א‬F
(B) 
‫א‬‫א‬(UH)(Iv)‫א‬
(Hall Effect)‫א‬،E١٨J ٥F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K١٨٧٩‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
(UH)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬(B)(Iv)
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬



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 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٢٣  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ١J    








 K١٨J ٥

 K‫א‬
 (Vanes)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(Trigger Wheel)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
FK ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(b)‫א‬‫א‬ 
 E١٩J ٥
 E٢٠J ٥FK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬





 K‫א‬١٩J ٥
K(b) K١
K‫א‬ K٢
KEF K٣
K‫א‬ K٤

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 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٢٣  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ١J    

 









 K‫א‬٢٠J ٥
 K‫א‬ K١
K‫א‬‫ א‬K٢
K‫א‬ K٣
KEF K٤
K‫א‬ K٥
K‫א‬‫א‬ K٦
K‫א‬ K٧
 K٨


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 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٢٣  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ١J    

 Hall Generator‫א‬

 L
H‫א‬ Iv‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 E٢١J ٥F‫א‬


٢١J ٥–‫א‬

،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ B‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬A2,A1‫א‬EUHF
 ،‫א‬
UH‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬UH
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬ UH‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬J W
Hall Ic‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 K‫א‬
‫א‬UH~O‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KOffHall Ic‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
- ١٢٠ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٢٣  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ١J    

UH‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬On‫א‬

 Design Features‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٢
‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ J ٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٤
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢٢J ٥FL‫א‬ J ٥

 


٢٢J ٥– 


‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٦
K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ J ٧
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ J ٨
K

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 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٢٣  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ١J    

 Trisser Box‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Trisser Box‫א‬‫א‬
 E٢٣J ٥F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬


 ٢٣J ٥–
 J W‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ -١
E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ -٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -٣
 J W‫א‬Hall Ic‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ -١
‫א‬ -٢
‫א‬ -٣

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 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٢٣  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ١J    

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬

 E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬
‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬Hall Ic On
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،Out Pob‫א‬‫א‬
7,31‫א‬UGOnHall IcK‫א‬
 K0.5V
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Off‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 EOnF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬
،OffE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F IC Out Put
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KUG
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

- ١٢٣ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٢٣  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ١J    

 DSI Distributerless Semiconduebor Ignibion System‫א‬

 J W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬ -١
K‫א‬ -٢
 Advantages‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ -١
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ -٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -٣
‫א‬ -٤
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -٥

 WEF‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬ ،‫א‬٤‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
F‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K360 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
٢،٣‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K‫א‬180 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٢٣  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ١J    

٤،١‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
٣،٢‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 180 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K٤،١‫א‬‫א‬
L٤،١‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬KKKKKKK٦،٤،٢‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
40‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
 KE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬


 


٤٠ J 
 EReference-mark and speed sensorF‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬

- ١٢٥ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٢٣  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ١J    

 WE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬

E‫א‬٧،٥،٣F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 Reguired Voltage‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KKV‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬E٤،٢FE٣،١F‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E42–F‫א‬

- ١٢٦ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٢٣  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ١J    

 ٤٢–

E ‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬F
 K‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
E ‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬E٣٦٠ F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Large Valve F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬EVerlap
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
- ١٢٧ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٢٣  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ١J    

 W‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
F‫א‬ ‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 CDI‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

- ١٢٨ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٢٣  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ١J    

 J W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬ -١
‫א‬ -٢
‫א‬EShuntsF‫א‬‫א‬ -٣
K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬0.1-0.2 milli secondsE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 31–‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬Spark Duration‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬


 

 ٤٣–

- ١٢٩ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٢٣  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ١J    

 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 CDI
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬TCIK‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬CDI‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬


 W‫א‬

 L‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬400V‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬١٠‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ECI-TCIF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

- ١٣٠ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٢٣  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ١J    

 L‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬٣٥–D‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

٤٤ J  

- ١٣١ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٢٣  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ١J    

 ‫א‬
‫א‬L‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
 K‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬EKKF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K •
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K(NPN)
KE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬CDI ‫א‬ •
- ١٣٢ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٢٣  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ١J    

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 Distributor Shaft ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  Battery  ‫א‬

 Breaker Cam EF‫א‬  Ignition Switch  ‫א‬

‫א‬
 Vacuum hoseK  Ignition Coil  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬

Vacuum Advance ‫א‬

 Mechanism  Distributor  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬

 Steel Shell  ‫א‬ Condenser or Capacitor  ‫א‬

 Side Electrode   Contact Breaker  ‫א‬

Central Electrode   Spark Plugs ‫א‬

 Insulator  ‫א‬ Primary Circuit  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 Gasket   Distributor Cap  ‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 Control Unit  ‫א‬ Rotor
 E‫א‬F

Vanes  ‫א‬ Resistor  ‫א‬‫א‬


IC Hall Inductive Winding  ‫א‬‫א‬
 EF

 Permanent Magnet ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬


- ١٣٣ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٢٣  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ١J    

‫א‬

  ƒ
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .١


..................................................................................... .A
..................................................................................... .B
..................................................................................... .C
..................................................................................... .D
..................................................................................... .E
..................................................................................... .F
.................................................................................... .G
................................................................................... . .H
.................................................................................. . .I
.................................................................................. . .J
.................................................................................. . . .K
.................................................................................. . .L
.................................................................................. . .M


- ١٣٤ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٢٣  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ١J    

    ‫א‬‫؟‬  .٢

. 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .٣

 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK .١
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK .٢
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK .٣
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK .٤
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK .٥
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK .٦
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK .٧
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK .٨


‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٤
 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK .A
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK .B
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK .C
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK .D
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK .E
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK .F
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK .G
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK. .H

- ١٣٥ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٢٣  ‫א‬
  ١J  


،،،K‫א‬‫א‬ .١
K1979K،

‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬–‫ א‬.٢
 K2000،‫א‬

K‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬ .٣

4. Bosch.Batterry ignition , Technical Instruction.
5. Bosch.Electronic Batterry- ignition systems. Technical Instruction.1967.
6. Ken Layne.Engien performance Diagnosis and tune-up.San Franeisco
,1978.
7. William H. Crouse.Automotive Engien Design,1970

- ١٣٧ -
  ‫א‬  ١٢٣  ‫א‬
  ١J   


 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ٢    
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ٣    ‫א‬
 ٣    ‫א‬‫א‬
 ٣   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ٤    ‫א‬
 ٥    ‫א‬
 ٥    ‫א‬‫א‬
 ٥    ‫א‬‫א‬
 ٧    ‫א‬‫א‬
 ٨   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ٨    KK‫א‬
 ٩    ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ٩   ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ١١   ‫א‬
 ١١    ‫א‬
 ١١    ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ١١   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ١٤   E‫א‬F‫א‬
 ١٤    ‫א‬
 ١٤    ‫א‬‫א‬
 ١٥   ‫א‬
  ‫א‬  ١٢٣  ‫א‬
  ١J   

 ١٦   ‫א‬‫א‬

 ١٦   ‫א‬‫א‬
 ١٦   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ١٦  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ١٦‫א‬
 ١٩‫א‬
 ١٩‫א‬
 ٢٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ٢٢‫א‬‫א‬
 ٢٢  ‫א‬‫א‬
 ٢٤ ‫א‬
 ٢٥  ‫א‬
 ٢٦   ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ٢٨
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ٢٩‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ٢٩‫א‬‫א‬
 ٢٩‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ٣٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ٣٣‫א‬‫א‬
 ٣٣‫א‬‫א‬
 ٣٣‫א‬‫א‬
 ٣٣‫א‬‫א‬
 ٣٤‫א‬‫א‬
 ٣٤‫א‬‫א‬
 ٣٥‫א‬
  ‫א‬  ١٢٣  ‫א‬
  ١J   

 ٣٧‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ٣٧‫א‬‫א‬
 ٣٧‫א‬‫א‬
 ٣٧‫א‬‫א‬
 ٣٨‫א‬‫א‬
 ٣٨‫א‬
 ٣٨‫א‬‫א‬
 ٣٨‫א‬‫א‬
 ٣٩
 ٣٩
 ٣٩‫א‬
 ٤٠‫א‬
 ٤٠
 ٤٠
 ٤٠
 ٤١‫א‬
 ٤١‫א‬‫א‬
 ٤١EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ٤٣‫א‬‫א‬
 ٤٣‫א‬
 ٤٣‫א‬‫א‬
 ٤٤
 ٤٥‫א‬
 ٤٦‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ١٢٣  ‫א‬
  ١J   

 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ٤٨
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ٤٩‫א‬
 ٤٩‫א‬
 ٤٩‫א‬‫א‬
 ٥٠‫א‬‫א‬
 ٥١‫א‬‫א‬
 ٥٢‫א‬
 ٥٢‫א‬‫א‬
 ٥٢       E‫א‬F‫א‬
 ٥٢        ‫א‬‫א‬
 ٥٢‫א‬
 ٥٤‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ٥٥‫א‬
 ٥٥‫א‬
 ٥٥‫א‬
 ٥٦        ‫א‬
 ٥٧          ‫א‬‫א‬
 ٥٧          ‫א‬
 ٥٧‫א‬‫א‬
 ٥٨‫א‬
 ٥٨ E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬
 ٥٩ ‫א‬
 ٥٩ ‫א‬
 ٦٠‫א‬
 ٦١‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬  ١٢٣  ‫א‬
  ١J   

 ٦٢‫א‬‫א‬
 ٦٤‫א‬‫א‬
 ٦٥‫א‬
 ٦٥‫א‬‫א‬
 ٦٥‫א‬‫א‬
 ٦٦‫א‬
 ٦٧
 ٦٨‫א‬
 ٦٩‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ٧١
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ٧٢‫א‬
 ٧٢‫א‬
 ٧٢‫א‬‫א‬
 ٧٣‫א‬‫א‬
 ٧٤‫א‬
 ٧٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ٧٦‫א‬‫א‬
 ٧٦‫א‬
 ٧٧‫א‬‫א‬
 ٧٨    ‫א‬
 ٨٠    ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ٨٠    ‫א‬
 ٨١    ‫א‬
 ٨٢    ‫א‬
 ٨٣    ‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬  ١٢٣  ‫א‬
  ١J   

 ٨٣    ‫א‬
 ٨٥    ‫א‬‫א‬
 ٨٦    ‫א‬
 ٨٦    ‫א‬
 ٨٧    
 ٨٨    ‫א‬
 ٨٩    ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ٩١    
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ٩٢    ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ٩٥    ‫א‬
 ٩٥     ‫א‬
 ٩٨    ‫א‬
 ١٠٠    ‫א‬
 ١٠١    ‫א‬
  ١٠٥    ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ١٠٧   ‫א‬‫א‬
 ١١٢   ‫א‬
 ١١٣   ‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ١٢٢   ‫א‬‫א‬
 ١٢٢   ‫א‬‫א‬
  ١٣٢   
 ١٣٤   ‫א‬
١٣٥   ‫א‬‫א‬
 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬

GOTEVOT appreciates the financial support provided by BAE SYSTEMS