Cell Respiration

Living things need energy

Lifes processes (i.e. growth, digestion, reproduction, healing etc) all require energy Where does this energy come from?

The Sun
The Sun is the initial source of energy for nearly all living things. (food chains existing in the deep ocean are one exception). Plants and other producers use photosynthesis to take the energy of the sun and store it in the chemical bonds of organic molecules like glucose. Animals and other consumers release the energy stored in these organic compounds through the process of cell respiration.

Cell Respiration
The controlled release of energy from organic compounds in cells to form ATP

It is sometimes referred to as the energy currency of the cell

Cell Respiration
The energy stored in glucose is released in a series of steps called a metabolic pathway. The steps are catabolic, meaning that larger molecules are broken into smaller molecules in order to release energy. There are several pathways, that can be divided into anaerobic and aerobic pathways.

Anaerobic pathways
Can occur without oxygen and take place in the cytoplasm. Glycolysis:
Glucose pyruvate (net production of 2 ATP)

Fermentation
Pyruvate lactate (occurs in humans and some bacteria) Pyruvate ethanol + CO2 (occurs in yeast)

Aerobic Pathways
Require oxygen and occur in the mitochondria The Krebs cycle 2 Pyruvate + 5O2 6CO2 + 4H2O + 4NADH + 1FADH2 Oxidative phosphorylation
Uses the NADH and FADH2 to power an electron transport chain and produce ATP. (net 34 ATP produced per single initial glucose molecule)

Glycolysis
http://highered.mcgrawhill.com/sites/0072507470/student_view0/ch apter25/animation__how_glycolysis_works.ht ml http://i-biology.net/ahl/08-cell-respirationphotosynthesis/8-1-cell-respiration/

Homework
Read pages 70 to 72 and 217-220. Answer the questions on the worksheet provided