10

129 100 20 90

( 100 = 1)

1 (10) 2 2 (10)1 9 (10)

10

10

50

100

500

1000

2 0 1
1011012 1 (25) 0 (24) 1 (23) 1 (22) 1 (21) 1 (20)
32 0 8 4 0 1
1011012 45

( 10 10 )

(N)

1, 2, 3, ...

A A

12 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 12

1 1
1 23 1 23


2 2
22
2 1 15

n 0,1,2,

2n

n3

2n 1

2(3) 6 = 2(3) = 6
2(3) 1 7

(..)
A B A B ..
3 4 12
(...)

18 27

C D C D ...

18 3 3 2 9 2
27 3 3 3 9 3

... 18 27 9

(I)
(
(I+)

I-), (I0)

A, B, C
1. A + 0

0+A

( 0 )

2. 1 x A

Ax1=A

( 1 )

3. A + B

B+A

4. A x B

BxA

5. (A + B) + C

A + (B + C)

6. (A x B) + C

A x (B x C)

7. A x (B + C)

(A x B) + (A x C)

( x )

X, Y A 0
1.

X 0

X X

2.

X A

XA

3.

X A

A X A

4.

X A

X A

5.

X2 X2

6.

X Y X Y

7.

X Y X Y

8.

XY X Y

9.

X
X

Y
Y

X A

XA

X X2

Y 0

3
4

5
7

5
3

-
-

... 1 13

19

1
7

3
7

-
25
1
8
3
3

10

7
0.07
100

0.0375

10

375
300 70 50
300
70
5

10,000
10,000
10,000 10,000 10,000

0.0375

3
7
5
3
7
5

2 3 4
100 1,000 10,000 10
10
10

- 3 10-2
- 7 10-3
- 5 10-4
0.0375 0.0375 (3 10 2) (7 10 3) (5 10 4)

-

48.392
3.400

- 2
1.
17.83945.
2.
4.5 = 4.555.

1. 9

0.6433

643
999

5.677 5

76
99

2.

9

=

9 0

7.594 7

594 5
589
7
990
990

(R)
(Q)
(I)
(I-)

(Q)

(F)

(I0)

(I+)

A
A M N

M
N

N 0 2.9, 4.777, 9.78

B
B B
, 2

A A 0 A
A A A

( A ) 2 ( A ) 2 A

Note

A A 0
-

A0

B0

AB A . B

A0

B0

A
B



1.

256

256 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

24 24 2 2 2 2

256 16 2

(16) 2

4 4
2

16

256 16, 16

2.

- ,
-
- 2 2

3.

A A A

A3 A

64 3 (4)(4)(4)

64 4

n
A n A n A

(n

An ) A



A, B m, n
1.
2.

A m A n A mn

3.

( A m ) n A mn

4.

( A B) n A n B n

5.

A
An
( )n n
B
B

6.

A0 1

7.

A n

8.
9.

A m A n A m n

mn

1
An

A n A
n

A n Am
n

A, B m n
1.

(n A ) n A

2.

(n A ) (n B ) n A B

3.

(n A ) (n B ) n

4.

(n A n ) A

(n A n ) A

5.

A
B

(m n A ) mn A

6.

A B

A B

ABC C
c

ab

X a2

Y b2

Z c2

c2 a2 b2

c a2 b2

81x 2 y 2

- 81

(3 2) 5

= x

= x

4 x 2 y 8 y 3 5x 2 y 2

35x 4 y 2 z 5 14 x 2 y 3 z 18x 4

(4 + 5) = 9

(4 + 2 + 5) = 11

(5x 4 12 x 2 ) (2 x 2 8x 7) 5x 4 (12 x 2 2 x 2 ) 8x 7

5x 4 14 x 2 8x 7




(3x 2 8x 7 ) (5x 6 9 x 2 8x 12)

(8x 7 3x 2 ) 5x 6 9 x 2 8x 12
8x 7 5x 6 (3x 2 9 x 2 ) 8x 12
8x 7 5x 6 12 x 2 8x 12

P(x)

( x a)

Q(x)

P ( x)
r
Q( x)
( x a)
( x a)
P( x) Q( x)( x a) r

x c
x c
x c 0 x c



1.

( x A)( x B)

Ax 2 Bx c

A, B, C

A 1

x 2 ( A B) x AB

( x A) 2

x 2 2 Ax A 2

( x A) 2

x 2 2 Ax A 2

2. Ax2 + Bx + C A > 1
( Ax By )(Cx Dy)

ACx 2 ( AD BC ) xy BDy 2

3.
( x A)( x A)

x 2 A2

4.
( x A)( x A) ( x A) 2

x 2 2 Ax A 2

( x A)( x A) ( x A) 2

x 2 2 Ax A 2

1. ...

x2

2. ...

3. 2
4.

x 3 A3 ( x A)( x 2 Ax A 2 )
x 3 A3 ( x A)( x 2 Ax A 2 )
( x A) 3 x 2 3x 2 A 3xA 2 A3 )
( x A) 3 x 2 3x 2 A 3xA 2 A3 )

x 2 2 Ax A 2

P(x)

xa

Q( x ) 0

A C AD BC

B D
BD

D0

A C AD BC

B D
BD

D0

A C AC

B D BD

D0

A C A D AD

B D B C BC

D0

P
Q

Ax B 0

A, B

A0

1.

A, B, C

A B

2.

A, B, C

A B AC BC

3.

A, B, C

AC BC

4.

A, B, C

C0

5.

A, B, C

A B 0 A B

6.

7.

A, B

8.

9.

A, B

( A B) ( A) (B)

10.

A, B

( A)(B) ( AB)

11.

A, B

( A)(B) ( AB)

AC BC

A B

AC BC

A B

B A

A 0 0 A 0

A B 0

A0

B0

( A) A

12. A, B, C, D

B, D 0

A C

B D

A, B

A, B 0

14.

A, B

A, B 0

1 1
1

A B AB

A C AC

B D BD

15. A, B, C, D
16.

A, B

AB 1 A

1
B

13.

B, D 0

A, B 0

A B

AD BC

1
A

A
B
1 1
B
A


>,<,


1.

A, B

2.

A, B

3.

A, B

4.

A, B

5.

A, B, C

A B

BC

6.

A, B, C

A B

AC BC

7.

A, B, C

A B BC

8.

9.

A, B, C

A B

A B0

A B, A B A B

10.

A 0, B 0
A B

A 0 A 0

A B0
A B

A B

C 0

AC BC ,

A B

C 0

AC BC ,

A0

1
0,
A

A0

1
0,
A

A0

A2 0 ,

A B

C D

AC B D,

A B

C D

A C B D,

0 A B

0 C D

AC BD ,

A B0

C D 0

AC BD

0 A B

0 C D

A B

D C

A B0

A B

D C

CD0

A, B, C

AB 0

A B

AC

AC
A 0 A 0

A0

xA

A x A

xA

A x A

xA

XA

X A

xA

XA

X A



Ax 2 Bx C
A, B, C A 1
B C

x 2 3x 10

x 2 (5 2) x (5 2)

( x 5)( x 2)

-
Ax 2 2 Ax A2 Ax 2 2 Ax A 2 A
x 2 2x 1

x 2 8x 16

( x 1)( x 1)

( x 1) 2

( x 4)( x 4)

( x 4) 2

- x 2 A 2
x 2 16
x 2 42
=
=

( x 4)( x 4)

Ax 2 Bx C 0

A, B, C

B B 2 4 AC
2A

B 2 4 AC

B 2 4 AC 0

Ax 2 Bx C 0

B 2 4 AC 0

Ax 2 Bx C 0

A0

B B 2 4 AC
x
2A

B 2 4 AC 0

B B 2 4 AC
x
2A

B
2A




m
b

m, b

Ax By C 0

y mx b

Ax C

B B

A
, y C
B
B

x, y

y0

x0

yc

xc

x0

y0

x
y

- r
- (h,k) r
-

x2 y2 r 2

( x h) 2 ( y k ) 2 r 2

x 2 y 2 Dx Ey F 0

D E
( x, y ) ,
2 2

D2 E 2

F
2
4



-
y 2 4cx ,
c 0
c0

x 2 4cy ,

c0

c0

-
( y k ) 2 4c( x h) ,

x
c 0

(h, k )

c0

-
( x h) 2 4c( y k )

yk

xh

y
c 0

(h, k )

c0

-
1.

y 2 Dy Ex F 0

2.

x 2 Dx Ey F 0

ABC

C
b

1.

sin A

BC
AB

a
c

AC
AB

b
c

BC
AC

a
b

AB
BC

c
a

AB
AC

c
b

2.

cos A

3.

tan A

sin A
cos A

tan A

4.

cos ecA

a
c
b
c

5.

sec A

1
sin A

1
a
c

c
a

sec A

a
b

cos ecA

1
cos A

1
b
c

c
b

6.

cot A

cot A

1
tan A

1
a
b

AC
BC

b
a

b
a

90

(90)

60

(60' )

(60" )

1 60

180

60

90

45

-
-

BA D

CA D

30

45

60

90

sin x

1
2

cos x

3
2

tan x

120

150

180

3
2

1
2

2
1
2

1
2

4
2
sin, cos ec +

1
+

+
+
3

+
4

tan, cot

cos, sec

1.

sin A

1
cos ecA

2.

cos A

1
sec A

cos A sec A 1

3.

tan A

sin A
cos A

4.

cot A

cos A
sin A

5.

sin 2 A cos 2 A 1

6.

sec 2 A tan 2 A 1

7.

cos ec 2 A cot 2 AA 1

sin A cos ecA 1

tan A

1
cot A

tan A cot A 1

3
2

S
1

= {, }

1 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 6

S = {1,2,3,4,5,6}

A, B, C,


2 1
10

(4,6), (5,5), (5,6), (6,4), (6,5), (6,6)

10

E (4,6), (5,5), (5,6), (6,4), (6,5), (6,6)

P(E )
n(E )
n(S )

E
E
S

P( E )

n( E )
n( S )

1.
0 1
2.

()

3.

ES

P( E ) 0

0 P( E ) 1

P( ) 0

P(S ) 1 ( = 1)
P( E ) 1

4. P(E ) E P(E )
E P( E) P(E ) 1 P( E ) 1 P(E)

= +


2

= +


2
= +
2

=

1.

_______

2.
5-15
3.


4.

5.





1.
-

x1 , x 2 , x3 , , x N

x
x1 x 2 x3 x N
x
N
N
x = , N =

x =

f 1 , f 2 , , f N
N

x1 , x 2 , x N

f 1 x1 f 2 x 2 f 3 x3 f N x N
f1 f 2 f 3 f N

fx
N

= f

fx

fx =

- =

x x N

- ( x x) 0
-

2.

Mdn


-
1.

2.

N 1
2

N 1
2

N
2

1.
2.

3.

Mo

-


1
-

L0
i

d1
d2

d1
M o L0 i
d1 d 2

=

=

=



-
-
-
-
- 2


- 2 1
- 90 ( < 90o)
- 90 ( = 90o)
- 90 180 (900< < 180o)
- 180 ( = 180o)
- 180 360 (180o < < 360o)
- 2
-
-

-

180
-

-
-
-
-

- 2 4 360o
-

1 2
2
3 180
4


1
-- (..)
2
- -
(...)
3
-- (...)
4

 5
- - (...)
6
- -
(...)

1
2

3 30
4

-
-

-
-
-


1. 2

2.
3.
4.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

1.

2.
2.1
2.2

2.3
3.

4.



1.

2.




1.

1. .. =
=

2.

3.

2. .. =

1
2

x x

1
bh
2

1

4

4x 2 b 2

3. .. =

( ) 2

3
x2

4. 4. .. =

s(s a)(s b)(s c)

abc
2


5.

5. .. = x
=

( x) ( x) x 2

.. = ( ) 2
2
=
6.

W 1

7. .. = x
=

8.

6. .. = x
=

7.

d2
2

8. .. =

bh

= 1 W 1
2

9.

9. .. =

= 1 W 1
2


10.

10. .. = 1 ( ) x
2

= 1 (a b) h
2

11.

11. .. = 1 x
2

= 1 (a b) 1
2

12.

12. .. = 5
4

13.

4r 2 x 2

13. .. =

( ) 2

3
x 2

14.

14.

2r 2 d

.. = r 2 d
2


15.

15. ..

= 6( ) 2
= 6x 2

= ( ) 3
=

16.

x3

16. ..

= .. + ..
= .. x

17. sector segment

17. .. sector =

360

r 2

.. segment = .. sector.. ABC

= sector

sector = , segment =

18.

18. ..

= .. + ..
= 2rh 2r 2
= .. x
=

(r 2 )(h)

rd 2

(h)


19.

19.
= .. x
= ( R 2 r 2 )(h)

20.

20. ..

=
=
=
=

21.

21. .. =

1 2
. D. d
4

4r. R 2

1 2
. D. d 2
4

2 R(r ) 2

ab

22.

2(a 2 b 2 )

22. ..

= 4r 2
= d 2
=
=

4 3
r
3

d 3
6


23.

23. ..

= .. + ..
=

(r ) (r 2 )

=
=
24.

1
.. x
3

1 2
(r )(h)
3

24.
1
h ( A1 A2 A1 A2 )
3
1
h (r12 r22 r12 r22 )
3
1
h (r12 r22 r1 r2 )
3

..

= .. + .. + ..
25.

25. ..

= .. + ..
=

26.

.. x

26. ..

= .. + .. + ..
=

1
h ( A1 A2 A1 A2 )
3