Historiography - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

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Historiography
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

See also: Historian

Historiography refers either to the study of the methodology and development of "history" (as a discipline), or to a body of historical work on a specialized topic. Scholars discuss historiography topically such as the "historiography of the British Empire," the "historiography of early Islam", or the "historiography of China" as well as specific approaches and genres, such as political history and social history. Beginning in the nineteenth century, with the ascent of academic history, a corpus of historiographic literature developed. How much are historians influenced by their own groups and loyalties--such as to their nation state--is a much debated question.[1] The research interests of historians change over time, and in recent decades there has been a shift away from traditional diplomatic, economic and political history toward newer approaches, especially social and cultural studies. From 1975 to 1995, the proportion of professors of history in American universities identifying with social history rose from 31% to 41%, while the proportion of political historians fell from 40% to 30%.[2] In the history departments of British universities in 2007, of the 5,723 faculty members, 1,644 (29%) identified themselves with social history while political history came next with 1,425 (25%).[3]

Contents
1 Terminology 2 Premodern history 2.1 Hellenic world 2.2 Roman world 2.3 Ancient China 2.4 Christendom 2.5 Islamic world 3 Enlightenment 3.1 Voltaire 3.2 David Hume 3.3 William Robertson 3.4 Edward Gibbon 3.5 Adam Smith 4 19th century 4.1 Thomas Carlyle 4.2 Thomas Macaulay 4.3 Jules Michelet 4.4 Hippolyte Taine 4.5 Cultural and constitutional history 4.6 Professionalization in Germany 5 20th century 5.1 Whig history 5.2 Social history

Allegory on writing history by Jacob de Wit (1754). An almost naked Truth keeps an eye on the writer of history. Wisdom gives advice; with Ptolemy I Soter, a master in objectivity in his book on Alexander the Great, below in profile.

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