OTDR

Beamsplitter

Light Source

Optical fiber

Data Processing and Display

Receiver

Fig. 1 Basic structure of an OTDR analyzer (TT2560EU01TT_0001 Measurements, 7)

Attenuation

dB

Length

1 - reflection at the connector at the coupling 2 - reflection at a plug connection 3 - splice with attenuation 4 - splice with negative attenuation 5 - reflection at mechanical connection 6 - reflection at the end of the fiber 7 - noise

Fig. 2 Example of an OTDR output (TT2560EU01TT_0001 Measurements, 7)

Site A Transmitter Receiver

Signal Processing

Site B

Fig. 3 Configuration of a PMD measurement (TT2560EU01TT_0001 Measurements, 9)

S1

R1

Tx1
RM1 S2 RM2 SD1 SD2 R2

Rx1

Tx2

RMn
Sn

OMXOB

MPI-S

R OA

MPI-ROP

ODX

SDn
Rn

Rx2

TxN

RxN

Fig. 4 ITU-T Rec. G.692 Optical power measurement reference points (TT2560EU01TT_0001 Measurements, 11)

Optical Spectrum Analyser

Display Optical signal to analyze Tuneable optical filter

Filter control signal

Fig. 5 Diagram of an optical spectrum analyzer (TT2560EU01TT_0001 Measurements, 13)

Fig. 6 Scanning a spectrum with a certain resolution bandwidth (TT2560EU01TT_0001 Measurements, 13)

low RBW

high RBW

real Spectrum

-10 -15 -20 -25

OSNR

power [dBm] power [dBm]

-30 -35 -40 -45 -50 -55 -60 1520

1525

1530

1535

1540 1545 1550 1555 wavelength [nm] wavelength [nm]

1560

1565

1570

Fig. 7 Measuring OSNR using an OSA (TT2560EU01TT_0001 Measurements, 15)

Wavelength / nm

Fig. 8 Evaluation of an OSNR spectrum (TT2560EU01TT_0001 Measurements, 15)