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IK 6
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JH 6
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IK 6
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IK HIH J6
KK JJKK
JH 6
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JH 6
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JH 6
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JH 6
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IK HIH J6
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JH 6
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JH 6
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JH 6
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"

PRECESION
prec

MNONMONM girMOMONM QNPPNQQPosMOMONM cQNPPNQQP oMOMONMpQNPPNQQP ioMOMONM QNPPNQQP MOMONM QNPPNQQP MOMONM QNPPNQQP MOMONM QNPPNQQP MOMONM QNPPNQQP MOMONM QNPPNQQP MOMONM QNPPNQQP MOMONM QNPPNQQP MOMONM QNPPNQQP MOMOM QNPPNQQNP QPPQQP
OMNOMNOMNONMONMONM QPQPQP ONMONMONM QPQPQP ONMONMONM QPQPQP ONMONMONM QPQPQP ONMONMONM QPQPQP ONMONMONM QPQPQP ONMONMONM QPQPQP ONMONMONM QPQPQP ONMONMONM QPQPQP ONMONMONM QPQPQP ONMONMONM QPQPQP ONMONMONM QPQPQP OMOMOM QNPQNPQNP QPQPQP
OMNONMONM ONMONMONM QPQPQP ONMONMONM QPQPQP ONMONMONM QPQPQP ONMONMONM QPQPQP ONMONMONM QPQPQP ONMONMONM QPQPQP ONMONMONM QPQPQP ONMONMONM QPQPQP ONMONMONM QPQPQP ONMONMONM QPQPQP ONMONMONM QPQPQP ONMONMONM QPQPQP OMOMOM QNPQNPQNP QPQPQP
OMNOMNOMNONMONMONM PQQPQP ONMONMONM PQQPQP ONMONMONM PQQPQP ONMONMONM PQQPQP ONMONMONM PQQPQP ONMONMONM PQQPQP ONMONMONM PQQPQP ONMONMONM PQQPQP ONMONMONM PQQPQP ONMONMONM PQQPQP ONMONMONM PQQPQP ONMONMONM PQQPQP AOMOMOM PNQQNPQNP PQQPQP
OMNOMNONM ONMONMONM QPQPQP ONMONMONM QPQPQP ONMONMONM QPQPQP ONMONMONM QPQPQP ONMONMONM QPQPQP ONMONMONM QPQPQP ONMONMONM QPQPQP ONMONMONM QPQPQP ONMONMONM QPQPQP ONMONMONM QPQPQP ONMONMONM QPQPQP ONMONMONM QPQPQP OMOMOM QNPQNPQNP QPQPQP
ONMOMNOMNONMONMONM QPQPPQ ONMONMONM QPQPPQ ONMONMONM QPQPPQ ONMONMONM QPQPPQ ONMONMONM QPQPPQ ONMONMONM QPQPPQ ONMONMONM QPQPPQ ONMONMONM QPQPPQ ONMONMONM QPQPPQ ONMONMONM QPQPPQ ONMONMONM QPQPPQ ONMONMONM QPQPPQ OMOMOM QNPQNPPNQ QPQPPQ
OMNOMNONM ONMONMONM QPQPQP ONMONMONM QPQPQP ONMONMONM QPQPQP ONMONMONM QPQPQP ONMONMONM QPQPQP ONMONMONM QPQPQP ONMONMONM QPQPQP ONMONMONM QPQPQP ONMONMONM QPQPQP ONMONMONM QPQPQP ONMONMONM QPQPQP ONMONMONM QPQPQP OMOMOM QNPQNPQNP QPQPQP
ONMOMNOMNONMONMONM QPQPQP ONMONMONM QPQPQP ONMONMONM QPQPQP ONMONMONM QPQPQP ONMONMONM QPQPQP ONMONMONM QPQPQP ONMONMONM QPQPQP ONMONMONM QPQPQP ONMONMONM QPQPQP ONMONMONM QPQPQP ONMONMONM QPQPQP ONMONMONM QPQPQP OMOMOM QNPQNPQNP QPQPQP
OMNOMNONM ONMONMONM QPPQQP ONMONMONM QPPQQP ONMONMONM QPPQQP ONMONMONM QPPQQP ONMONMONM QPPQQP ONMONMONM QPPQQP ONMONMONM QPPQQP ONMONMONM QPPQQP ONMONMONM QPPQQP ONMONMONM QPPQQP ONMONMONM QPPQQP ONMONMONM QPPQQP OMOMOM QNPPNQQNP QPPQQP
ONMOMNOMNONMONMONM QPQPQP ONMONMONM QPQPQP ONMONMONM QPQPQP ONMONMONM QPQPQP ONMONMONM QPQPQP ONMONMONM QPQPQP ONMONMONM QPQPQP ONMONMONM QPQPQP ONMONMONM QPQPQP ONMONMONM QPQPQP ONMONMONM QPQPQP ONMONMONM QPQPQP OMOMOM QNPQNPQNP QPQPQP
OMNOMNONMc.m.ONMONMONM QPQPQP ONMONMONM QPQPQP ONMONMONM QPQPQP ONMONMONM QPQPQP ONMONMONM QPQPQP ONMONMONM QPQPQP ONMONMONM QPQPQP ONMONMONM QPQPQP ONMONMONM QPQPQP ONMONMONM QPQPQP ONMONMONM QPQPQP ONMONMONM QPQPQP OMOMOM QNPQNPQNP QPQPQP
ONMONMOMNONMONMONM PQQPQP ONMONMONM PQQPQP ONMONMONM PQQPQP ONMONMONM PQQPQP ONMONMONM PQQPQP ONMONMONM PQQPQP ONMONMONM PQQPQP ONMONMONM PQQPQP ONMONMONM PQQPQP ONMONMONM PQQPQP ONMONMONM PQQPQP ONMONMONM PQQPQP OMOMOM PNQQNPQNP PQQPQP
OMNOMNOMNONMONMONM QPQPQP ONMONMONM QPQPQP ONMONMONM QPQPQP ONMONMONM QPQPQP ONMONMONM QPQPQP ONMONMONM QPQPQP ONMONMONM QPQPQP ONMONMONM QPQPQP ONMONMONM QPQPQP ONMONMONM QPQPQP ONMONMONM QPQPQP ONMONMONM QPQPQP OMOMOM QNPQNPQNP QPQPQP
ONMONM ONMONM QPQP ONMONM QPQP ONMONM QPQP ONMONM QPQP ONMONM QPQP ONMONM QPQP ONMONM QPQP ONMONM QPQP ONMONM QPQP ONMONM QPQP ONMONM QPQP ONMONM QPQP OMOM QNPQNP QPQP

pes

ra
ont

total

pio

co
ros

(R cm )

gi
eje

M = (R cm ) m
O

total

g sen

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?A=0+x-R>DN PV>c+-X=0'J#8H2%C0UW>c+3'.0UW9E+JJ3U~>DN '`4w>D9)^8:'*)K>+3-@UW<D=R8HP"8:P"J8:2%C0UV>u.0+x.0UV9,+J3JU#>DN '.0+PM+yE+
.0+3P<DUV9,>D-EJ>D4TUW>0;\+-!)K9K8H7#8:9x=0']J3>D'0>J=T`D8q<D+'T+9K8)K9,UV7+-O+3Pn409,>D4TUW>+yE+ .T+Pn<DUW9E>D-,J3>D40UV>0Z 8
UW'TJPWUV'R8:J3U~>DN 'u.T+P|+yE+X.0+3P|<DUW9E>D-,J3>D40UV>I'0>5+3-n25>Q.0UV0J#8:.R8%46>D9e+3P|4w+3-,>0Z
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2!>D25+3'*)K>q.T+P(46+-E>v+-u8:PW<D>?A=0+-,+oBR8:J3+J>D2!>q+3'+PJ#8:-E>J=R8H'0.0>v+3P(+yE+o.0+P<DUW9E>D-,J3>D40UV>
+-G)^8:C08B0>D9,UV7>D'*)K8:PZ >=0N '0UVJ>o+-%?A=0+c8HB0>D9K8oBR8#`?A=0+5)K+'T+9%+3'J=0+3'A)K8?A=0+u+P\2m>DN .0=0PV>o.0+3P
FD+3J3),>D92!>D2!+'*)K>I.T+P4w+3-,>!.0+46+'T.0+S)K8:2%C0Uz+N 'c.0+XPW8xUV'0JPVUW'R8HJU~>:N 4' L.0+3P|+yE+X.0+3P|<DUW9E>D-,J3>D40UW>
) Y;. -,+3R' L
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L (t+ t)sen

M t = L

L (t) sen
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PRECESION

contrapeso
prec

(R cm )O

c.m.
m
g

total

SZ[[SZ[SZ ]S\]S\]S\ [SZ[SZ[SZ g]S\]S\]S\ ir[SZ[SZ[SZ ]S\]S\]S\ o[SZ[SZ[SZ sc]S\]S\]S\ [SZ[SZ[SZ o]S\]S\]S\ p[SZ[SZ[SZ io]S\]S\]S\ [SZ[SZ[SZ ]S\]S\]S\ [Z[Z[Z ]S\]S\]S\ ]\]\]\
[ZS[ZS[ZS]S\]S\]S\ [SZ[SZ[SZ ]S\]S\]S\ [SZ[SZ[SZ ]S\]S\]S\ [SZ[SZ[SZ ]S\]S\]S\ [SZ[SZ[SZ ]S\]S\]S\ [SZ[SZ[SZ ]S\]S\]S\ [SZ[SZ[SZ ]S\]S\]S\ [Z[Z[Z ]S\]S\]S\ ]\]\]\
[ZS
[ZS[SZ[SZ ]S\]S\]S\]S\ [SZ[SZ[SZ[SZ ]S\]S\]S\]S\ [SZ[SZ[SZ[SZ ]S\]S\]S\]S\ [SZ[SZ[SZ[SZ ]S\]S\]S\]S\ [SZ[SZ[SZ[SZ ]S\]S\]S\]S\ [SZ[SZ[SZ[SZ ]S\]S\]S\]S\ [SZ[SZ[SZ[SZ ]S\]S\]S\]S\ [Z[Z[Z[Z ]S\]S\]S\]S\ ]\]\]\]\
[ZS[ZS[ZS\S]]S\]S\ [SZ[SZ[SZ \S]]S\]S\ [SZ[SZ[SZ \S]]S\]S\ [SZ[SZ[SZ \S]]S\]S\ [SZ[SZ[SZ \S]]S\]S\ [SZ[SZ[SZ \S]]S\]S\ [SZ[SZ[SZ \S]]S\]S\ [Z[Z[Z \S]]S\]S\ \]]\]\
[ZS[SZ[SZ ]S\]S\]S\ [SZ[SZ[SZ ]S\]S\]S\ [SZ[SZ[SZ ]S\]S\]S\ [SZ[SZ[SZ ]S\]S\]S\ [SZ[SZ[SZ ]S\]S\]S\ [SZ[SZ[SZ ]S\]S\]S\ [SZ[SZ[SZ ]S\]S\]S\ [Z[Z[Z ]S\]S\]S\ ]\]\]\
[ZS[ZSZS[ ]S\]S\]S\ [SZ[SZZS[ ]S\]S\]S\ [SZ[SZZS[ ]S\]S\]S\ [SZ[SZZS[ ]S\]S\]S\ [SZ[SZZS[ ]S\]S\]S\ [SZ[SZZS[ ]S\]S\]S\ [SZ[SZZS[ ]S\]S\]S\ [Z[ZZ[ ]S\]S\]S\ ]\]\]\
[ZS[ZS[SZ ]S\]S\]S\ [SZ[SZ[SZ ]S\]S\]S\ [SZ[SZ[SZ ]S\]S\]S\ [SZ[SZ[SZ ]S\]S\]S\ [SZ[SZ[SZ ]S\]S\]S\ [SZ[SZ[SZ ]S\]S\]S\ [SZ[SZ[SZ ]S\]S\]S\ [Z[Z[Z ]S\]S\]S\ ]\]\]\
[SZ[ZS]S\]S\]S\ [SZ[SZ[SZ ]S\]S\]S\ [SZ[SZ[SZ ]S\]S\]S\ [SZ[SZ[SZ ]S\]S\]S\ [SZ[SZ[SZ ]S\]S\]S\ [SZ[SZ[SZ ]S\]S\]S\ [SZ[SZ[SZ ]S\]S\]S\ [Z[Z[Z ]S\]S\]S\ ]\]\]\
opio[ZS
sc
o
ir
g
je
e
[ZS[ZS[ZS]S\]S\]S\ [SZ[SZ[SZ ]S\]S\]S\ [SZ[SZ[SZ ]S\]S\]S\ [SZ[SZ[SZ ]S\]S\]S\ [SZ[SZ[SZ ]S\]S\]S\ [SZ[SZ[SZ ]S\]S\]S\ [SZ[SZ[SZ ]S\]S\]S\ [Z[Z[Z ]S\]S\]S\ ]\]\]\
O
[SZ[SZ[SZ ]S\]S\\S] [SZ[SZ[SZ ]S\]S\\S] [SZ[SZ[SZ ]S\]S\\S] [SZ[SZ[SZ ]S\]S\\S] [SZ[SZ[SZ ]S\]S\\S] [SZ[SZ[SZ ]S\]S\\S] [SZ[SZ[SZ ]S\]S\\S] [Z[Z[Z ]S\]S\\S] ]\]\\]
[SZ[SZ[SZ ]S\]S\]S\ [SZ[SZ[SZ ]S\]S\]S\ [SZ[SZ[SZ ]S\]S\]S\ [SZ[SZ[SZ ]S\]S\]S\ [SZ[SZ[SZ ]S\]S\]S\ [SZ[SZ[SZ ]S\]S\]S\ [SZ[SZ[SZ ]S\]S\]S\ [Z[Z[Z ]S\]S\]S\ ]\]\]\
[SZ[SZ[SZ ]S\]S\]S\ [SZ[SZ[SZ ]S\]S\]S\ [SZ[SZ[SZ ]S\]S\]S\ [SZ[SZ[SZ ]S\]S\]S\ [SZ[SZ[SZ ]S\]S\]S\ [SZ[SZ[SZ ]S\]S\]S\ [SZ[SZ[SZ ]S\]S\]S\ [Z[Z[Z ]S\]S\]S\ ]\]\]\
[SZZS[[SZ ]S\]S\]S\ [SZZS[[SZ ]S\]S\]S\ [SZZS[[SZ ]S\]S\]S\ [SZZS[[SZ ]S\]S\]S\ [SZZS[[SZ ]S\]S\]S\ [SZZS[[SZ ]S\]S\]S\ [SZZS[[SZ ]S\]S\]S\ [ZZ[[Z ]S\]S\]S\ ]\]\]\
[SZ[SZ[SZ ]S\]S\]S\ [SZ[SZ[SZ ]S\]S\]S\ [SZ[SZ[SZ ]S\]S\]S\ [SZ[SZ[SZ ]S\]S\]S\ [SZ[SZ[SZ ]S\]S\]S\ [SZ[SZ[SZ ]S\]S\]S\ [SZ[SZ[SZ ]S\]S\]S\ [Z[Z[Z ]S\]S\]S\ ]\]\]\
[SZ[SZ[SZ ]S\]S\]S\ [SZ[SZ[SZ ]S\]S\]S\ [SZ[SZ[SZ ]S\]S\]S\ [SZ[SZ[SZ ]S\]S\]S\ [SZ[SZ[SZ ]S\]S\]S\ [SZ[SZ[SZ ]S\]S\]S\ [SZ[SZ[SZ ]S\]S\]S\ [Z[Z[Z ]S\]S\]S\ ]\]\]\

prec

L = Ieje

vertical

c.m
.

O
c.m.

prec

L
L

c. m. por debajo
de la horizontal
y con velocidad

giroscopio

prec

=I

eje vertical

horizontal

prec

total

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[

32O6@'6= 214A 3

>_

pot gr

MUELLE SIN COMPRIMIR

pot elast

cin

eq

=0

=0

eq

pot gr

=mgx

eq

2
E
= K x
pot elast
2 eq
2
E =m v
cin
2 max

POSICION EQUILIBRIO
Kx = mg
eq

masa

pot gr

=0

pot elast

muelle

MUELLE COMPRIMIDO
AL MAXIMO

= m g 2x

cin

2
= K (2x )
eq
2

=0

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prec

trayectoria del extremo


del eje del giroscopio

disco




eje giroscopio inclinado 2


contrapeso+ pesa A

c.m.

eje giroscopio inclinado


prec
POSICION DE EQUILIBRIO
PARA PRECESION
eje giroscopio horizontal
(antes de soltarlo)

velocidad del c.m.


vc.m.

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