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SUPPORT
HANDBOOK
July 2004
FIRE SUPPORT
HANDBOOK
http://www.mci.usmc.mil
1-(800) MCI-USMC
TABLE OF CONTENTS
SUBJECT
Indirect Fire
i
TABLE OF CONTENTS, Cont.
SUBJECT
Threat Capabilities
Threat Armor 37
Threat Armored Vehicles 38
Threat Attack Helicopters 39
Threat CAS Aircraft/Air Defense 40
Threat Missiles 41
World Artillery, Mortars, and Rocket Launchers 42
Ordnance Selection Guide 44
Mission Templates
Artillery/Mortar 55
SEAD 56
Smoke 57
Naval Gunfire 58
GURF Report 59
Communications
ii
U.S. ARTILLERY and ROCKET CHARACTERISTICS
Caliber 105mm1 105mm1 155mm 155mm 155mm1 227mm 227mm1 607mm1
Model M102 M119A1 M198 M777 M109A5/A6 HIMARS MLRS ATACMS
Projectiles HE, HC, HE, HC, HE, HC, WP, HE, HC, WP, HE, HC, WP, DPICM DPICM APAM
WP, WP, ILLUM, DPICM, ILLUM, DPICM, ILLUM, DPICM,
ILLUM, ILLUM, M825 SMK, M825 SMK, M825 SMK,
APICM APICM FASCAM, FASCAM, FASCAM,
Copperhead Copperhead Copperhead
Fuses PD, VT PD, VT PD, VT, MT, PD, VT, MT, PD, VT, MT, ET ET ET
MT, MT, MTSQ, ET, Delay MTSQ, Delay MTSQ, ET, Delay
MTSQ, MTSQ,
CP, Delay CP, Delay
Maximum 11,400 11,500 18,300 30,000 18,200 32,0001 32,0001 165,0001
Range (m) 22,0002 21,7002 45,000 45,000 300,000
60,000 60,000
Range of 15,300 19,500 30,100 40,000 30,000
RAP (m)
Range of 10,500 14,100 18,000 N/A 17,900
DPICM (m) 28,2003 28,1003
Minimum 8,000 10,000 25,000
Range (m) 15,000 13,000 70,000
U.S. ARTILLERY and ROCKET CHARACTERISTICS, (Continued)
Notes: 1. U.S. Marine Corps units do not possess these weapons systems. However, Marine Corps units
may operate with Army units equipped with these weapons.
2. With M795 HE, M825 smoke ammunition
3. BBDPICM M864
See page 3 for additional information on projectiles and fuses under Legend.
U.S. MORTAR CHARACTERISTICS
Caliber 60mm 81mm 120mm1
Model M224 M252 M285
Projectiles HE, WP, HE, WP, RP, HE, WP,
ILLUM ILLUM ILLUM
Fuzes MO MO MO
Maximum 3,5002 5,6003 7,200
Range (m)
Minimum 75 70 200
Range (m)
Maximum Rate 30 35 15
of Fire
(Rounds/min)
Sustained Rate 20 15 5
of Fire
(Rounds/min)
Illumination 25 60 70
Time (sec)
HE Burst Width 28 35 75
(1 Round)
90 35 75
FPF 3 tubes 1 tube 1 tube
Notes: 1. U.S. Marine Corps units do not possess these weapons systems.
However, Marine Corps units may operate with Army units
equipped with these weapons.
2. With M720 ammunition
3. With M821 ammunition
Legend
BBDPICM-Base Bleed DPICM MT-Mechanical Time
DPICM-Dual Purpose Improved MTSQ-Mechanical Time Superquick
Conventional Munitions PD-Point Detonating
CPHD-Copperhead RAP-Rocket Assisted Projectile
ET-Electronic Time RP-Red Phosphorus
HE-High Explosive SMK-Smoke
ILLUM-Illumination VT-Variable Time
MO-Multi-option fuze WP-White Phosphorus
(VT, PD, Delay)
3
(This page intentionally left blank.)
4
ARTILLERY/MORTAR TEMPLATE
Message to Observer
Spotting Correction OT
Factor/Notes
HOB RNG DEV L/R +/- U/D
End of Mission
5
ARTILLERY/MORTAR -- CALL-FOR-FIRE
I. OBSERVER IDENTIFICATION: Use callsigns from the CEOI
II. WARNING ORDER:
a. Type of Mission:
(1) Adjust Fire
(2) Fire for Effect
(3) Suppress (Planned Target)
(4) Immediate Suppression/Immediate Smoke
(5) Suppression of Enemy Air Defense (SEAD)
b. Size of Element to Fire:
(1) Omission indicates a request for one artillery battery.
(2) Larger units by stating the last letter of the battalion callsign.
c. Method of Target Location:
(1) Grid: No announcement.
(2) Polar Plot: Announce the word “POLAR.”
(3) Shift from a Known Point: Announce the word “SHIFT FROM.”
followed immediately by the designation of the known point or by target
number.
--------------------------------------------OVER---------------------------------------------
III. TARGET LOCATION:
a. Grid: Six-digit grid, i.e., "Grid 123456."
b. Polar: Direction (mils) and distance (meters) to the target from the
observer’s position.
c. Shift: Direction to the target (mils).
Lateral Shift (left/right in meters).
Range Shift (add/drop in meters).
Vertical Shift (up/down in meters) if significant (≥35M).
--------------------------------------------OVER----------------------------------------------
IV. TARGET DESCRIPTION:
A word picture of the target (i.e., the number and type of vehicles/personnel
observed, what the target is doing, number of elements in the target, degree of
protection, size, and shape [length, width, attitude]).
Range OT Factor
Below 1000m Do not express (900m = OT of .9, 800m = OT of .8, etc)
1000-1400 1
1500-2500 2
2600-3400 3
In the example above, the burst is approximately 45 mils from the target at a range of
1500 meters. Using the WERM rule we can determine that the burst needs to move 90
meters to the left:
W=(R/1000) x M
W=(1500/1000) x 45
W=(1.5~=2) x 45
W=90
8
DETERMINING DIRECTION TO A TARGET
9
SENDING THE CALL-FOR-FIRE
b. Target location
10
MESSAGE TO OBSERVER
A MTO will be sent to the observer from the FDC, usually prior to the first subsequent correction.
The observer will read back the MTO to the FDC. Bolded items are always announced.
Standard Commands:
1. SHOT: reported by the FDC when rounds are fired, but only for initial volley of FFE
2. SPLASH: announced 5 seconds prior to impact, during high-angle and aerial observer missions,
or when requested
3. ROUNDS COMPLETE: announced once all rounds of multiple volley fire (FFE) are complete
Upon achieving the desired effects on target, the observer needs to transmit an end of mission
statement to the firing unit, which is composed of four parts. Bolded items are always announced.
Refinement: Allows observer to make corrections under the normal deviation and range restrictions.
(Use if recording the target)
Record as target: Tells the FDC to save the firing data for future missions
End of Mission: Ends the current mission
Surveillance: Should be brief but should provide casualty/damage information as accurately as
possible
Example (with refinements): “Left 10, add 20, record as target AB1001, end of mission, target
suppressed, over”
Example (without refinements): “End of mission, 2 tanks burning, infantry fleeing north, over”
11
SUPPRESSION OF ENEMY AIR DEFENSE
SEAD Call-For-Fire:
“________this is________, SEAD, (Polar, Laser Polar, Shift from Known Point) , over”
(FDC) (FO)
“Grid to Suppress_____________,
Grid to Mark_________________, over” (‘Negative Mark’ if Arty is not marking)
Notes:
- HE/VT is standard suppression SH/FZ combination
- WP/Q is standard mark SH/FZ combination
- Timelines:
s=suppression round
m=marking round
12
ILLUMINATION
COORDINATED ILLUMINATION
To start an illumination mission:
- Adjust HE mission onto target and FFE (FDC controls timing of ILLUM)
- Send RREMS for HE mission – ILLUM mission automatically ends
Notes:
- Precede all corrections with “HE” or “ILLUM”
Example: “ILLUM, Add 200
HE, Right 60, Add 200, over”
- Range and/or Lateral Spread will be applied along the OT line in an automated FDC only if the
AFATDS has the observer’s location entered in the database. Default is the gun-target line (GTL).
- Observer can control timing of ILLUM and HE missions by using AMC in each mission. No
“illumination mark or “coordinated illumination” would be sent in this situation. Two separate
missions.
CONTINUOUS ILLUMINATION
Due to the amount of ammunition expended, this is the least desirable method for illuminating the
target area. Follow the directions above to initiate and adjust the illumination. After “illumination
mark” send “continuous illumination.” The FDC will fire illumination continually while the FO
adjusts HE.
13
EMPLOYMENT FACTORS FOR ILLUMINATING SHELLS
WEAPON SYSTEM INITIAL BURST BURN CONT. ILLUM RATE OF DESCENT (M/S)
PROJ HOB (M) DIAMETER TIME (ROUND(S)/MIN)
(M) (sec)
MK 88 500 500 45 4 10
5”/54 NGF
MK 91 500 500 72 4 2
Illumination Employment Considerations
15
SMOKE
Immediate Smoke: Provides obscuring, protecting, or marking smoke over small
areas.
Quick Smoke: Provides obscuring, screening, or deceiving smoke over larger areas.
Friendly Enemy
Forces Location
16
Adjustment Procedures:
-Minimum Corrections:
Dev 50 M
Range 100 M
HOB 50 M
Average Obscuration
Time To
Length (m/Round)
Delivery Type of Build Average
System Round Effective Burning Time
Headwind/
Smoke
Crosswind Tailwind
WP ½ min 1 - 1 ½min 150 50
155 mm
M825 ½ min 5 - 8 min 350 100 – 200
RP ½ min 1 ½- 2 min 90 – 150 40 – 50
81 mm
WP ½ min 1 min 100 40
60 mm WP ½ min 1 min 150 40
5-inch/54 WP ½ min 1 min 150 40
17
Smoke Effects on Electro-optical Systems
Viewers:
- Semiautomatic command to line
of sight (SACLOS) missiles
(AT-4 All
Near infrared and AT-5)
0.75 - 4pm - Night sights
Sensors:
- Laser designators All
- Laser range finders
Viewers: WP, RP, type
Mid infrared - Passive thermal sights III
4 - 14pm Infrared
obscurant, dust
Sensors: WP, RP, type
Far infrared - Thermal imager III
14 - 100pm - Terminal homing missiles (AT- Infrared
6) obscurant, dust
Radar
Millimeter
Radio WP,
wave and lower
Microwaves developmental
frequency 1.00
obscurants
mm
Directed electromagnetic pulse Oil smoke
X-ray and Nuclear weapons (attenuation
higher only),
Frequency developmental
obscurants
18
FINAL PROTECTIVE FIRE
PLANNING INFORMATION
- Final Protective Fire (FPF), in fire support operations, is continuous
artillery and/or mortar fires on a preplanned target. A FPF is fired to stop
and destroy an enemy force crossing into a defensive area. Artillery and/or
mortar FPFs should be integrated with the maneuver direct fire FPLs/PDFs.
- A FPF is fired at the maximum rate of fire until the firing unit is requested
to stop, ammunition is exhausted, or the firing unit is forced to move.
- The regimental commander normally allocates artillery FPFs to the
maneuver battalions, which may allocate them to the company level.
- The battalion commander normally allocates battalion mortar FPFs to the
company level.
- Authority to shoot an FPF is that of the lowest maneuver commander in
whose area the FPF is placed or his authorized representative.
- The FO has the responsibility to adjust in the FPF when the tactical
situation permits. The FO may adjust one gun or all guns designated to fire
the FPF.
- The FPF is cancelled when it is no longer required.
- A unit cannot be laid on both an FPF and a priority target.
- The FPF data table below is neither precise nor restrictive; it is merely
derived from the bursting diameter of rounds.
NUMBER OF PIECES
SIZE LENGTH WIDTH
OR GUNS
6 (PLATOON) 360 60
120 MM
1 (SQUAD) 75
8 (PLATOON) 280 35
81 MM
4 (SECTION) 140 35
60 MM 3 (SECTION) 90 30
3 GUNS 105 35
105 MM
6 GUNS 210 35
4 GUNS 200 50
155 MM 6 GUNS 300 50
8 GUNS 400 50
19
Establishing a FPF
Standard first CFF transmission
Standard second CFF transmission
Third transmission:
- Attitude indicates the direction of the axis of the sheaf, from 0000-6300.
- Fuze delay should be used in adjustments in order to reduce friendly
casualties.
- Creeping fire should be used while adjusting the FPF
- FDC makes the adjustment, but does not fire the –50 corrected data
- This procedure is continued until all guns are adjusted
Non-Adjusted FPF
Standard first transmission (use fire-for-effect, vice adjust fire)
Standard second transmission
Third transmission:
“Establish as FPF, Attitude _______, Danger Close, Delay, over”
20
NAVAL GUNFIRE TEMPLATE
Include
Adjustments
Spotting Correction OT
Factor/Notes
HOB RNG DEV L/R +/- U/D
End of Mission
“_____, _____, _____, Record as Target _______, End of Mission, ________, over”
(L/R) (+/-) (U/D) (Target #) (Surveillance)
21
NGF GUNS UP READY TO FIRE REPORT
Purpose: To report the capabilities of the NGF ship
ELEMENT INFORMATION
LINE B “On station and ready” and DTG (local) end of NGF
ship’s assignment
LINE A: ___________________________________________________
LINE B:___________________________________________________
LINE C:___________________________________________________
LINE D:___________________________________________________
LINE E:___________________________________________________
LINE F: ___________________________________________________
22
NAVAL GUNFIRE CFF
I. OBSERVER IDENTIFICATION:
Use callsigns from the CEOI
--------------------------------------------OVER---------------------------------------------
23
VI. METHOD OF CONTROL (Bold indicates standard)
g. Method of Control:
(1) Spotter Adjust: Method standard
(2) Fire For Effect (FFE): Used to enter into FFE phase without adjustments. Indicate
number of salvos requested. Can be modified by the command, “cannot observe”
when firing on a suspected target and when neither the ship nor spotter can see the
target.
(3) Ship Adjust: Used if the spotter believes the ship has a better view of the target. Use
when possible.
(4) At My Command: Used to control the firing of each salvo in adjustment, and the first
adjustment in FFE. Ship will announce, “ready, over.” Spotter sends, “fire” when he
is ready for the ship to fire. Remains in effect throughout the mission or when
cancelled (announce, “cancel at my command”).
--------------------------------------------OVER---------------------------------------------
PRE-FIRING REPORT
a. Gun-Target Line (GTL): Firing direction of ship.
b. Line of Fire (LOF): Used with illumination to indicate the illumination projectile
trajectory. May be different from GTL.
c. Ready/Time of Flight (TOF): Ship will report, “ready,” followed by TOF (seconds
understood). Spotter reads back and announces, “break…fire, over.”
d. First Salvo: Used in danger close situations. Ship will confirm the point of aim reported
by spotter.
e. Summit: Highest altitude above mean sea level of flight path. Standard for aerial
observers, ground observers may request. Reported in feet for aerial observers and
meters to ground units.
f. Any Changes: Used if ship changes any portion of fire request.
REPORT UPON FIRING
SHOT / SPLASH- announced every volley in adjust and 1st FFE volley. No
acknowledgement needed.
ERROR CORRECTION
a. Correction: Spotter has made an error in his transmission. Immediately transmit,
“correction” followed by the corrected data
b. Wrong: Error made during readback. Announce, “wrong” followed by the correct data
SEQUENCE OF SUBSEQUENT CORRECTIONS:
1. Direction: if > 100 mil change
2. Danger Close (Cancel): < 750 meters
3. Trajectory: Full/Reduced charge or High Angle
4. Shell: to change during adjustment
5. Fuze: to change during adjustment
6. Deviation: L/R ___ meters
7. Range: +/- ___ meters
8. HOB: U/D ___ meters
9. Number of Guns: If more than one in adjustment/FFE
10. Number of Salvos: If more than one used in adjustment/FFE
11. Method of Control: i.e. Ship Adjust, FFE
FIRE FOR EFFECT PHASE
Enter the FFE phase when:
a. Splitting the 100-meter bracket for a point target
b. Splitting the 200-meter bracket for an area target
24
ENDING THE MISSION
Upon achieving the desired effects on target, the observer needs to transmit an end of
mission statement to the firing unit, which is composed of four parts. Bolded items are
always announced.
Refinement: Allows observer to make corrections under the normal deviation and
range restrictions. (Use if recording the target)
Record as target: Spotter assigns from target block.
End of Mission: Ends the current mission.
Surveillance: Should be brief but should provide casualty/damage information as
accurately as possible.
“Fresh Target, Target number ____, “New Target, Target number ____,
R/L ____, +/- ____, U/D ____, +/- ____, U/D ____,
(Description), over.” (Description), over.”
Spotter can return to original target Ship must have two mounts and
by using the fresh target shift format. an MK-86 gunfire control system.
25
U.S. ATTACK FIXED-WING AIRCRAFT
Aircraft Owning Ordnance Laser Marking Other
M/D/S Service Capability Capability Systems
LST LTD
26
U.S. ATTACK FIXED-WING AIRCRAFT,
(Continued)
Aircraft Owning Ordnance Laser Marking Other
M/D/S Service Capability Capability Systems
LST LTD
F-15E USAF LGBs No Yes Laser FLIR
GP bombs Radar
CBUs Air-to-
20-mm cannon Air
Missile
F-16 USAF AGM-65 No No WP rockets Radar
(without Maverick HE rockets GPSs (2)
LANTIRN) LGBs (1)
GP bombs
CBUs
20-mm cannon
27
U.S. ATTACK ROTARY-WING AIRCRAFT
A/C Owning Ordnance Max Max Laser Marking Other
M/D/S Service Range RDS Capability Capability Systems
(m)
LST LTD
AH-1W USMC BGM-71 3750 8 No Yes Laser FLIR,
(TOW) 8000 8 Rockets NVG
AGM-114 7200 16 GPS, IR
(Hellfire) 6- 76 Pointer,
5.0” rockets 7500 750 DVO,
2.75” rockets 18- CCDTV
20-MM 2200
cannon
AH-64A USA AGM-114L 8000 16 Yes Yes Laser FLIR
2.75” rockets 6- 76 (1) Rockets NVG
30-mm 7500 1200
cannon 3000
AH-64D USA AGM-114L 8000 16 Yes Yes Laser FLIR,
(including 2.75” rockets 6- 76 (1) Rockets NVG
Longbow) 30-MM 7500 1200 GPS,
cannon 3000 IDM (1)
Radar
UH-1N USMC 2.75” rockets 6- 76 No No Rockets FLIR,
.50 cal 7500 500 NVG
machinegun 1830 5000 GPS
7.62-MM 1000
(GAU-17)
Oh-58D USA AGM-114L 8000 16 Yes Yes Laser FLIR,
(Kiowa Hellfire 6- 76 Rockets NVG
Warrior) 2.75” rockets 7500 500
.50 cal 1830
machinegun
(1) The AH64 helicopters cannot designate laser codes 1711 to 1788.
(2) The AH-1W can designate codes 1111-1788, but has max effectiveness from 1111-1488.
IMD=Improved Data Modem
28
CLOSE AIR SUPPORT
Terminal air control (Types 1-3):
Type Used
1 When visual acquisition of attacking aircraft and target under attack are necessary.
2 When visual acquisition of either attacking aircraft or target at weapons release is
not possible or when attacking aircraft are not in a position to acquire the
mark/target prior to weapons release/launch.
3 When risk assessment indicates that CAS attacks impose low risk of fratricide.
Notes:
- Control type will be broadcast upon aircraft check-in.
- Multiple control types can be in effect at one time (i.e. Helicopters under Type 2 and fixed wing under
Type 1).
- Observer maintains flexibility to change the type at any time within guidelines established by
supported commander.
Type 1 Execution
Step Action Step Action
1 Visually acquire the target 7 Attack aircraft will provide “IN” call
indicating maneuvering for weapons
firing solution
2 Send a CAS briefing to attack aircraft 8 Attack aircraft will visually acquire
target or mark
3 Attack aircraft will verify target 9 Visually acquire the attacking aircraft
coordinates correlate with expected target
area
4 Attack aircraft will read-back Line 4, Line 10 Ensure attack will not affect friendlies by
6 and any restrictions visual acquisition and analysis of attack
aircraft geometry/nose position to
determine weapon impact point
5 Aircraft will provide an “IP Inbound” call 11 Provide a “Cleared Hot” or “Abort”
based on the above procedures being met
6 Mark/designate the target
Type 2 Execution
Step Action Step Action
1 Controller or observer will see the target 5 When using GPS/INS guided weapons,
attack aircraft will confirm that briefed
target location and elevation have been
accepted by the munition
2 Send a CAS briefing to attack aircraft 6 Aircraft will provide an “IP Inbound” call
3 Attack aircraft will verify target 7 Attack aircraft will provide “IN” call
coordinates correlate with expected target indicating maneuvering for weapons
area firing solution
4 Attack aircraft will read-back Line 4, Line 8 Provide a “Cleared Hot” or “Abort”
6 and any restrictions
Type 3 Execution
Step Action Step Action
1 Send a CAS briefing to attack aircraft 4 Give “Cleared to engage” when attack
aircraft have sufficient situational
awareness
2 Attack aircraft will verify target 5 Monitor the engagement by all means
coordinates correlate with expected target available
area
3 Attack aircraft will read-back Line 4, Line 6 Attack platform will provide “attack
6 and any restrictions complete” to controller
29
CAS CHECK-IN BRIEF
(Aircraft Transmits to Controller)
4. Ordnance: “_______________________________________________________”
4. Ordnance: “_______________________________________________________”
30
CAS MULTI-MISSION “9 LINE” BRIEF
Do not transmit line numbers. Units of measurement are standard unless otherwise
specified. Lines 4, 6, and any restrictions are mandatory readback items (indicated by
boldface type). Controller may request read-back of additional items as required.
1. IP/ BP
(IP/BP to Target)
2. HEADING
(Deg Mag) Offset L / R Offset L / R
3. DISTANCE
(IP in NM
BP in Meters)
4. TARGET ELEV
(FT MSL)
5. TARGET DESC
(General)
6. TARGET LOCATION
(LAT/LONG OR
Grid or Offsets or
Visual)
7. MARK
(WP, laser, IR)
CODE CODE
8. FRIENDLIES
(From Target, Dir & Dist
in Meters ) Marked By Marked By
9. “EGRESS…”
(Card Dir and/or CP)
REMARKS:
Restrictions
(FAH OR ALT)
Threats, ACA
(SEAD GTL)…
TOT
AMPLIFYING
INFORMATION
(AS REQD)
31
IN FLIGHT REPORT
Note: Authentication and appropriate response suggested here. The brief may be
abbreviated for brevity or security (“as fragged” or “by exception”).
1. Callsign: “________________________________________________”
3. Location: “_______________________________________________”
(LAT/LONG, UTM grid, place name)
5. Results: “ _________________________________________________”
REMARKS:
“________________________________________________________”
(Target area weather, significant sightings, EEIs…)
Note: Authentication and appropriate response suggested here. The brief may be
abbreviated for brevity or security (“as fragged” or “by exception”).
2. Mission Number:
“___________________________________________________”
3. Location: “_________________________________________________________”
(LAT/LONG, UTM grid, place name)
5. Results: “ __________________________________________________________”
REMARKS: “________________________________________________________”
(Target area weather, significant sightings, EEIs…)
32
NATO FAC TO ATTACK AIRCRAFT BRIEFING
Note: 1.) A-J are mandatory brief items, (K-O are optional).
2.) Items A, D, G, H underlined are mandatory read back (even if
“NONE”).
3.) Heading and bearings magnetic unless true is requested.
“_______________________________________________________”
33
AC-130 CALL-FOR-FIRE
First Transmission
“____________________ this is __________________, fire mission, over.”
(Aircraft Callsign) (Observer)
Second Transmission
__________________________, _________________________________,
(Direction to target in degrees) (Dist to target in meters as one number)
__________________________, over.”
(Target Description)
As Required:
1.) Clearance: Transmission of the fire mission is clearance to fire. Danger close is
200m with the 105mm and 125m with the 40mm, 25mm. For closer fire, the
observer must accept responsibility for increased risk. State “Cleared Danger
Close” in remarks. This clearance may be preplanned.
2.) Adjust Fire: Adjust from impact by giving and cardinal/intercardinal direction and
distance (meters understood).
Don’ts:
34
LANDING ZONE BRIEF
1. MISSION NO. ___________________
2. LOCATION ___________________
COOR/RAD/DEM _______/______/_____
5. LZ MARKING ___________________
7. ELEVATION/SIZE __________/_________
8. OBSTACLES ___________________
9. FRIENDLY POSITIONS:
DIRECTION/DISTANCE __________/_________
14. APPROACH/RETIREMENT
(RECOMMENDED) __________/_________
35
AVIATION BREVITY TERMS
Laser Operations
Night IR
Other Terms
36
THREAT ARMOR
Max Max Range
Main Rd
Rate of (m): Optional Crew Rd Range
THREAT Gun Speed
Fire Effective Arms (km)
(mm) (km/h)
(rds/min) (m):
T- 7.62 390/600
2500-4000 4
55AMV 100 5-7 12.7 50 w/extra
1000-2500
(Russia) AT-10 tanks
450/650
T-62M 1500-4000 7.62 4
115 3-5 45 w/extra
(Russia) 1200-2000 AT-10
tanks
7.62
T-64B 3000-5000 3 500 w/extra
125 6-8 12.7 60
(Russia) 2000-3000 tanks
AT-8
7.62 500/900
T-72B 3000-5000 3
125 4-6 12.7 60 w/external
(Russia) 2000-3000
AT-11 tanks
7.62 335/600
T-80U 3000-5000 3
125 7-8 12.7 70 w/extra
(Russia) 2000-4000
AT-11 tanks
7.62 500/650
T-90 3000-5000 3
125 7-8 12.7 60 w/extra
(Russia) 2000-4000
AT-11 tanks
Type 59- 440/600
3000-5000 2 x 7.62 4
II 105 6-10 50 w/external
1500-3000 12.7
(China) tanks
Type 85- 700/900
3000-5000 7.62 3
IIM 125 4-6 57 w/external
2000-3000 12.7
(China) tanks
37
THREAT ARMORED VEHICLES
Max
Main Total Rd Rd
Effective Optional
THREAT Type Gun Personnel Speed Range
Range Arms
(mm) (crew/troops) (km/h) (km)
(meters)
2X2
BRDM –2
Wheeled 14.5 2000 7.62 4/0 95 750
(Russia)
Recon
30
BRM-3K Tracked
Auto 2500-4000 7.62 6/0 70 600
(Russia) Recon
gun
4 x4
BTR-60 7.62 1000
Wheeled N/A 2/8 80 500
(Russia) 14.5 2000
APC
3x3 14.5
BTR-70 2000
Wheeled AT- 7.62 2/8 80 600
(Russia) 3000-4000
APC 3/4/5
4x4
BTR-80A
Wheeled 30 gun 2000-4000 7.62 2/8 90 800
(Russia)
APC
BTR-94 4x4
(Russia) Wheeled 23 gun 1500 7.62 3/10 80 800
APC
3x3
BTR-152
Wheeled 7.62 1000 12.7 2/17 65 650
(Russia)
APC
BTR-D Tracked
7.62 1000 N/A 1/12 61 500
(Russia) APC
73
BMD-1 Tracked 800-1000
Smooth 7.62 2/6 65 600
(Russia) IFV 3000
AT-3
30
BMD-2 Tracked Auto 1500
7.62 2/8 80 450
(Russia) IFV gun 2000-4000
AT4/5
30 30mm
BMD-3 Tracked Auto 1500 GL
3/7 70 500
(Russia) IFV gun 4000 7.62
AT-5 5.45
73
BMP-1 Tracked 800-1300
Smooth 7.62 3/8 65 600
(Russia) IFV 3000
AT-3
30
BMP-2 Tracked 1500-4000
Auto 7.62 3/7 65 600
(Russia) IFV 2000-4000
AT-4/5
100
gun 4000-5200
BMP-3 Tracked
AT-10 4000 7.62 3/7 70 600
(Russia) IFV
30 1500-4000
Auto
Tracked
MT-LB Multi-
7.62 1000 N/A 2/11 61.5+ 500
(Russia) purpose
Vehicle
VTT-323 2x
Tracked 1500
(N. 14.5 N/A 3/9 80 450
APC 3000
Korea) ATGM
3x3 25
WZ 551
Wheeled Auto 2000 7.62 3/10 85 600
(China)
APC gun
YW
Tracked
531A/C 12.7 800-1600 N/A 4/10 42/66 500
APC
(China)
38
THREAT ATTACK HELICOPTERS
THREAT Armament Options Cruising Range (km): Crew/
Speed Max Load Passengers
(km/h) Normal Load
W/Aux fuel
Mi-2
Hoplite 23mm Gun
(Russia) 7.62/12.7 MG 580
57mm Rockets 194 340 1/6-8
AT-3 790
SA-7b
39
THREAT CAS AIRCRAFT
Threat Armament Options Combat Range (km)
MiG-21
23mm Gun, 30mm Gun
Fishbed 465 – 925
Bombs, Rockets
(Russia)
MiG-25
Foxbat Missiles, Bombs 1730
(Russia)
MiG-23/27 23mm Gun
Flogger 30mm Gun 1150
(Russia) Bombs, Rockets
MiG-29
Falcrum 30mm Cannon
630-1500
(Russia) Bombs, Rockets
Su-17
2 x 30mm Guns
Fitter 330 – 685
(Russia) Bombs, Rockets
Su-24D 23mm Gun
Fencer Bombs (Inc. nuclear) 950
(Russia) Rockets
Su-25 30mm Gun
Frogfoot Bombs, Rockets 556
(Russia) ATGM’s
Su-27 30mm Cannon
Flanker Gun Pods 1500
(Russia) Bombs, Rockets
40
THREAT MISSILES
Max
Effective Max # Pods/Rails x
THREAT AA Effective # SAM’s Mobility
Range Altitude Ready to Fire
(km) (km)
SA-7b
Man-portable
Grail 5.5 4.5
SA-14 Man-portable
Gremlin 6 6
SA-16
Gimlet 4.5-5.2 2-3.5 Man-portable
SA-18
Grouse 5 3.5 Man-portable
SA-3
Goa 29 18.3 2x1 N/A
SA-5
Gammon 250 29 1x1 N/A
SA-6
Gainful 25 15 3x1 SP
SA-8b
Gecko 15 12 2x2 3 x 3 Wheel
SA-10
Grumble 90 27 4x1 4 x 4 Wheel
SA-11
Gadfly 36 22 4x1 SP
SA-13b SP
Gopher 5-7 3.5 2x2
BRDM-2
SA-15b
Gauntlet 12 6 2x4 SP
41
WORLD ARTILLERY, MORTARS, AND ROCKET
LAUNCHERS
AUSTRIA
GHN-45, 155mm towed 30,300 39,600 7/min 2/min Iran, Iraq, Thailand
BRAZIL
ASTROS II, MRL 30,000 32/min Reload Saudi Arabia, Iran,
60,000 4/min Reload Qatar
CHINA
WS-1, 320mm MRL 80,000 4/min Reload None
Type 83, 273mm MRL 40,000 4/min Reload None
Type 71, 180mm MRL 20,000 10/min Reload None
WA 021, 155mm Towed 30,000 39,000 5/min 2/min None
Type 83, 152mm Towed 30,400 38,000 4/min 2/min Iraq
Type 82/85, 130mm MRL 15,000 60/5min Reload Thailand
Type 59-1, 130mm Towed 27,500 38,000 10/min 10/min Iran, Iraq, Oman, N
Korea, Egypt, Lebanon
FRANCE
GCT, 155mm SP 23,000 29,000 6/min 2/min Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi
GCT, 155mm Towed 24,000 32,000 3/18sec 6/min Arabia
MkF3, 155mm SP 20,000 25,000 3/min 1/min Cyprus
Iraq, Kuwait, UAE
GERMANY
PzH 2000, 155mm SP 30,000 40,000 3/10 sec 9/min None
IRAN
N10, 450mm MRP 150,000 1/min 2/hour None
IRAQ
ARABEL 100, 400mm 100,000 4/min Reload None
MRL 50,000 12/min Reload Frmr Yugoslavia,
ARABEL 50, 262mm MRL Bosnia Serb Army,
Croatia
ISRAEL
845, 155mm Towed 24,000 39,000 5/min 2/min None
M71, 155mm Towed 23,500 30,000 5/min 2/min Singapore, Thailand,
South Africa
ITALY
PALMARIA, 155mm SP 24,700 30,000 3/20sec 4/min Libya, Nigeria
NORTH KOREA
M1985, 240mm MRL 43,000 12/min Reload Iran
M1987, 170mm SP 40,000 UNK UNK Iran, Iraq
M46, 130mm SP 27,500 6/min 1.1/mm None
BM 11, 122mm MRL 20,500 30/min Reload PLO, Syria, Iran, Iraq,
M1981, 122mm SP 23,900 UNK UNK Uganda
M1992, 120mm SP mortar 8,700 UNK UNK None
None
42
WORLD ARTILLERY, MORTARS, AND ROCKET
LAUNCHERS, (Continued)
43
ORDNANCE SELECTION GUIDE
Target Weapon/Ordnance
Personnel: Mortar-HE/Q or VT
In the open Artillery-HE/Q, VT or time; DPICM
NGF-HE/Q, VT or time
Air-general purpose, fuel air explosive, cluster,
firebombs, guns
In fighting holes Mortar-HE/VT
Artillery-HE/VT or time
NGF-HE/VT or time
Air-fuel air explosive, general purpose, cluster
44
ORDNANCE SELECTION GUIDE, (Continued)
45
FIRE SUPPORT COORDINATION MEASURES
Permissive
Restrictive
46
COMMON MILITARY SYMBOLS
Permissive Restrictive
47
TARGETS
48
POSITION, FRAMES, UNIT SIZES
49
UNIT TYPES
50
WEAPONS, POINTS, MANEUVERS
OBSTACLES
51
52
TARGET LIST WORK SHEET
For use of this form, see FM 6-20; the proponent agency is TRADOC
SHEET _____ OF _____
LINE TARGET # DESCRIPTION LOCATION ALTITUDE ATTITUDE SIZE SOURCE / REMARKS
# a b c d e ACCURACY i
h
LENGTH WIDTH
f g
1
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
( ) SCHEDULING WORK SHEET
LINE ORGANIZA- FIRING REMARKS
NO. TION AND UNITS
CALIBER
ARTILLERY/MORTAR TEMPLATE
Message to Observer
End of Mission
55
SEAD TEMPLATE
“Grid to Suppress_________________,
“____________________________, ______________________________
(ADA system type) (Shell/Fuze, if other than standard)
______________________________________________
(Interrupted/Continuous/Non-standard, include timeline)
Timelines
56
SMOKE TEMPLATE
Quick Smoke
“Screen _______________________,
(Target Description)
Length: __________________
MTL: ___________________
DIR: ___________________
Friendly Enemy
Forces Location
57
NAVAL GUNFIRE TEMPLATE
Include
Adjustments
End of Mission
“_____, _____, _____, Record as Target ________, End of Mission, ___________, over”
(L/R) (+/-) (U/D) (Target #) (Surveillance)
58
GURF REPORT
59
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60
COMMUNICATIONS FREQUENCY CHART
61