CONVENTION FOR THE UNIFICATION OF CERTAIN RULES RELATING TO INTERNATIONAL CARRIAGE BY AIR, SIGNED AT WARSAW ON 12 OCTOBER 1929 ( WARSAW

CONVENTION)

CHAPTER I SCOPE - DEFINITIONS Article 1 1. This Convention applies to all international carriage o persons!l"ggage or goo#s per or$e# %& aircra t or re'ar#. It applies e("all& to grat"ito"s carriage %& aircra t per or$e# %& an air transport "n#erta)ing. *. For the p"rposes o this Convention the e+pression ,internationalcarriage, $eans an& carriage in 'hich! accor#ing to the contract $a#e %& the parties! the place o #epart"re an# the place o #estination! 'hether or not there %e a %rea) in the carriage or a tranship$ent! are sit"ate# either 'ithin the territories o t'o High Contracting Parties! or 'ithin the territor& o a single High Contracting Part&! i there is an agree# stopping place 'ithin a territor& s"%-ect to the sovereignt&! s".eraint&! $an#ate or a"thorit& o another Po'er! even tho"gh that Po'er is not a part& to this Convention. A carriage 'itho"t s"ch an agree# stopping place %et'een territories s"%-ect to the sovereignt&! s".eraint&! $an#ate or a"thorit& o the sa$e High Contracting Part& is not #ee$e# to %e international or the p"rposes o this Convention. /. A carriage to %e per or$e# %& several s"ccessive air carriers is#ee$e#! or the p"rposes o this Convention! to %e one "n#ivi#e# carriage! i it has %een regar#e# %& the parties as a single operation! 'hether it ha# %een agree# "pon "n#er the or$ o a single contract or o a series o contracts! an# it #oes not lose its international character $erel& %eca"se one contract or a series o contracts is to %e per or$e# entirel& 'ithin a territor& s"%-ect to the sovereignt&! s".eraint&! $an#ate or a"thorit& o the sa$e High Contracting Part&. Article * 1. This Convention applies to carriage per or$e# %& the State or

%& legall& constit"te# p"%lic %o#ies provi#e# it alls 'ithin the con#itions lai# #o'n in Article 1. *. This Convention #oes not appl& to carriage per or$e# "n#er theter$s o an& international postal Convention.

CHAPTER II DOC01ENTS OF CARRIA2E Section I - Passenger Tic)et Article / 1. For the carriage o passengers the carrier $"st #eliver apassenger tic)et 'hich shall contain the ollo'ing partic"lars34a5 the place an# #ate o iss"e6 4%5 the place o #epart"re an# o #estination6 4c5 the agree# stopping places! provi#e# that the carrier $a& reserve the right to alter the stopping places in case o necess it&! an# that i he e+ercises that right! the alteration shall not have the e ect o #epriving the carriage o its international character6 4#5 the na$e an# a##ress o the carrier or carriers6 4e5 a state$ent that the carriage is s"%-ect to the r"les relating to lia%ilit& esta%lishe# %& this Convention. *. The a%sence! irreg"larit& or loss o the passenger tic)et #oes nota ect the e+istence or the vali#it& o the contract o carriage! 'hich shall none the less %e s"%-ect to the r"les o this Convention. Nevertheless! i the carrier accepts a passenger 'itho"t a passenger tic)et having %een #elivere# he shall not %e entitle# to avail hi$sel o those provisions o this Convention 'hich e+cl"#e or li$it his lia%ilit&. Section II - 7"ggage Tic)et Article 8 1. For the carriage o l"ggage! other than s$all personal o%-ects o 'hich the passenger ta)es charge hi$sel ! the carrier $"st #eliver a l"ggage tic)et.

*. The l"ggage tic)et shall %e $a#e o"t in #"plicate! one part orthe passenger an# the other part or the carrier. /. The l"ggage tic)et shall contain the ollo'ing partic"lars34a5 the place an# #ate o iss"e6 4%5 the place o #epart"re an# o #estination6 4c5 the na$e an# a##ress o the carrier or carriers6 4#5 the n"$%er o the passenger tic)et6 4e5 a state$ent that #eliver& o the l"ggage 'ill %e $a#e to the %earer o the l"ggage tic)et6 4 5 the n"$%er an# 'eight o the pac)ages6 4g5 the a$o"nt o the val"e #eclare# in accor#ance 'ith Article **4*56 4h5 a state$ent that the carriage is s"%-ect to the r"les relating to lia%ilit& esta%lishe# %& this Convention. 8. The a%sence! irreg"larit& or loss o the l"ggage tic)et #oes nota ect the e+istence or the vali#it& o the contract o carriage! 'hich shall none the less %e s"%-ect to the r"les o this Convention. Nevertheless! i the carrier accepts l"ggage 'itho"t a l"ggage tic)et having %een #elivere#! or i the l"ggage tic)et #oes not contain the partic"lars set o"t at 4#5! 4 5 an# 4h5 a%ove! the carrier shall not %e entitle# to avail hi$sel o those provisions o the Convention 'hich e+cl"#e or li$it his lia%ilit&. Section III - Air Consign$ent Note Article 9 1. Ever& carrier o goo#s has the right to re("ire the consignor to$a)e o"t an# han# over to hi$ a #oc"$ent calle# an ,air consign$ent note,6 ever& consignor has the right to re("ire the carrier to accept this #oc"$ent. *. The a%sence! irreg"larit& or loss o this #oc"$ent #oes not a ectthe e+istence or the vali#it& o the contract o carriage 'hich shall! s"%-ect to the provisions o Article :! %e none the less governe# %& the r"les o this Convention. Article ;

1. The air consign$ent note shall %e $a#e o"t %& the consignor inthree original parts an# %e han#e# over 'ith the goo#s. *. The irst part shall %e $ar)e# , or the carrier!, an# shall %esigne# %& the consignor. The secon# part shall %e $ar)e# , or the consignee,6 it shall %e signe# %& the consignor an# %& the carrier an# shall acco$pan& the goo#s. The thir# part shall %e signe# %& the carrier an# han#e# %& hi$ to the consignor a ter the goo#s have %een accepte#. /. The carrier shall sign on acceptance o the goo#s. 8. The signat"re o the carrier $a& %e sta$pe#6 that o theconsignor $a& %e printe# or sta$pe#. 9. I ! at the re("est o the consignor! the carrier $a)es o"t the airconsign$ent note! he shall %e #ee$e#! s"%-ect to proo to the contrar&! to have #one so on %ehal o the consignor. Article < The carrier o goo#s has the right to re("ire the consignor to $a)e o"t separate consign$ent notes 'hen there is $ore than one pac)age.

Article = The air consign$ent note shall contain the ollo'ing partic"lars34a5 the place an# #ate o its e+ec"tion6 4%5 the place o #epart"re an# o #estination6 4c5 the agree# stopping places! provi#e# that the carrier $a& reserve the right to alter the stopping places in case o necess it&! an# that i he e+ercises that right the alteration shall not have the e ect o #epriving the carriage o its international character6 4#5 the na$e an# a##ress o the consignor6 4e5 the na$e an# a##ress o the irst carrier6 4 5 the na$e an# a##ress o the consignee! i the case so re("ires6 4g5 the nat"re o the goo#s6 4h5 the n"$%er o the pac)ages! the $etho# o pac)ing an# the partic"lar $ar)s or n"$%ers "pon the$6 4i5 the 'eight! the ("antit& an# the vol"$e or #i$ensions

o the goo#s6 4-5 the apparent con#ition o the goo#s an# o the pac)ing6 4)5 the reight! i it has %een agree# "pon! the #ate an# place o pa&$ent! an# the person 'ho is to pa& it6 4l5 i the goo#s are sent or pa&$ent on #eliver&! the price o the goo#s! an#! i the case so re("ires! the a$o"nt o the e+penses inc"rre#6 4$5 the a$o"nt o the val"e #eclare# in accor#ance 'ith Article ** 4*56 4n5 the n"$%er o parts o the air consign$ent note6 4o5 the #oc"$ents han#e# to the carrier to acco$pan& the air consign$ent note6 4p5 the ti$e i+e# or the co$pletion o the carriage an# a %rie note o the ro"te to %e ollo'e#! i these $atters have %een agree# "pon6 4(5 a state$ent that the carriage is s"%-ect to the r"les relating to lia%ilit& esta%lishe# %& this Convention. Article : I the carrier accepts goo#s 'itho"t an air consign$ent note having %een $a#e o"t! or i the air consign$ent note #oes not contain all the partic"lars set o"t in Article =4a5 to 4i5 incl"sive an# 4(5! the carrier shall not %e entitle# to avail hi$sel o the provisions o this Convention 'hich e+cl"#e or li$it his lia%ilit&.

Article 1> 1. The consignor is responsi%le or the correctness o the partic"larsan# state$ents relating to the goo#s 'hich he inserts in the air consign$ent note. *. The consignor 'ill %e lia%le or all #a$age s" ere# %& thecarrier or an& other person %& reason o the irreg"larit&! incorrectness or inco$pleteness o the sai# partic"lars an# state$ents. Article 11

1. The air consign$ent note is pri$a acie evi#ence o theconcl"sion o the contract! o the receipt o the goo#s an# o the con#itions o carriage. *. The state$ents in the air consign$ent note relating to the 'eight!#i$ensions an# pac)ing o the goo#s! as 'ell as those relating to the n"$%er o pac)ages! are pri$a acie evi#ence o the acts state#6 those relating to the ("antit&! vol"$e an# con#ition o the goo#s #o not constit"te evi#ence against the carrier e+cept so ar as the& %oth have %een! an# are state# in the air consign$ent note to have %een! chec)e# %& hi$ in the presence o the consignor! or relate to the apparent con#ition o the goo#s. Article 1* 1. S"%-ect to his lia%ilit& to carr& o"t all his o%ligations "n#er thecontract o carriage! the consignor has the right to #ispose o the goo#s %& 'ith#ra'ing the$ at the aero#ro$e o #epart"re or #estination! or %& stopping the$ in the co"rse o the -o"rne& on an& lan#ing! or %& calling or the$ to %e #elivere# at the place o #estination or in the co"rse o the -o"rne& to a person other than the consignee na$e# in the air consign$ent note! or %& re("iring the$ to %e ret"rne# to the aero#ro$e o #epart"re. He $"st not e+ercise this right o #isposition in s"ch a 'a& as to pre-"#ice the carrier or other consignors an# he $"st repa& an& e+penses occasione# %& the e+ercise o this right. *. I it is i$possi%le to carr& o"t the or#ers o the consignor thecarrier $"st so in or$ hi$ orth'ith. /. I the carrier o%e&s the or#ers o the consignor or the #ispositiono the goo#s 'itho"t re("iring the pro#"ction o the part o the air consign$ent note #elivere# to the latter! he 'ill %e lia%le! 'itho"t pre-"#ice to his right o recover& ro$ the consignor! or an& #a$age 'hich $a& %e ca"se# there%& to an& person 'ho is la' "ll& in possession o that part o the air consign$ent note. 8. The right con erre# on the consignor ceases at the $o$ent 'henthat o the consignee %egins in accor#ance 'ith Article 1/. Nevertheless! i the consignee #eclines to accept the consign$ent note or the goo#s! or i he cannot %e co$$"nicate# 'ith! the consignor res"$es his right o #isposi tion. Article 1/

1. E+cept in the circ"$stances set o"t in the prece#ing Article! theconsignee is entitle#! on arrival o the goo#s at the place o #estination! to re("ire the carrier to han# over to hi$ the air consign$ent note an# to #eliver the goo#s to hi$! on pa&$ent o the charges #"e an# on co$pl&ing 'ith the con#itions o carriage set o"t in the air consign$ent note. *. 0nless it is other'ise agree#! it is the #"t& o the carrier to givenotice to the consignee as soon as the goo#s arrive. /. I the carrier a#$its the loss o the goo#s! or i the goo#s havenot arrive# at the e+piration o seven #a&s a ter the #ate on 'hich the& o"ght to have arrive#! the consignee is entitle# to p"t into orce against the carrier the rights 'hich lo' ro$ the contract o carriage. Article 18 The consignor an# the consignee can respectivel& en orce all the rights given the$ %& Articles 1* an# 1/! each in his o'n na$e! 'hether he is acting in his o'n interest or in the interest o another! provi#e# that he carries o"t the o%ligations i$pose# %& the contract. Article 19 1. Articles 1*! 1/ an# 18 #o not a ect either the relations o theconsignor or the consignee 'ith each other or the $"t"al relations o thir# parties 'hose rights are #erive# either ro$ the consignor or ro$ the consignee. *. The provisions o Articles 1*! 1/ an# 18 can onl& %e varie# %&e+press provision in the air consign$ent note. Article 1; 1. The consignor $"st "rnish s"ch in or$ation an# attach to theair consign$ent note s"ch #oc"$ents as are necessar& to $eet the or$alities o c"sto$s! octroi or police %e ore the goo#s can %e #elivere# to the consignee. The consignor is lia%le to the carrier or an& #a$age occasione# %& the a%sence! ins" icienc& or irreg"larit& o an& s"ch in or$ation or #oc"$ents! "nless the #a$age is #"e to the a"lt o the carrier or his agents. *. The carrier is "n#er no o%ligation to en("ire into the correctness

or s" icienc& o s"ch in or$ation or #oc"$ents.

CHAPTER III 7IA?I7IT@ OF THE CARRIER Article 1< The carrier is lia%le or #a$age s"staine# in the event o the #eath or 'o"n#ing o a passenger or an& other %o#il& in-"r& s" ere# %& a passenger! i the acci#ent 'hich ca"se# the #a$age so s"staine# too) place on %oar# the aircra t or in the co"rse o an& o the operations o e$%ar)ing or #ise$%ar)ing. Article 1= 1. The carrier is lia%le or #a$age s"staine# in the event o the#estr"ction or loss o ! or o #a$age to! an& registere# l"ggage or an& goo#s! i the occ"rrence 'hich ca"se# the #a$age so s"staine# too) place #"ring the carriage %& air. *. The carriage %& air 'ithin the $eaning o the prece#ingparagraph co$prises the perio# #"ring 'hich the l"ggage or goo#s are in charge o the carrier! 'hether in an aero#ro$e or on %oar# an aircra t! or! in the case o a lan#ing o"tsi#e an aero#ro$e! in an& place 'hatsoever. /. The perio# o the carriage %& air #oes not e+ten# to an& carriage%& lan#! %& sea or %& river per or$e# o"tsi#e an aero#ro$e. I ! ho'ever! s"ch a carriage ta)es place in the per or$ance o a contract or carriage %& air! or the p"rpose o loa#ing! #eliver& or transship$ent! an& #a$age is pres"$e#! s"%-ect to proo to the contrar&! to have %een the res"lt o an event 'hich too) place #"ring the carriage %& air. Article 1: The carrier is lia%le or #a$age occasione# %& #ela& in the carriage %& air o passengers! l"ggage or goo#s. Article *>

1. The carrier is not lia%le i he proves that he an# his agents haveta)en all necessar& $eas"res to avoi# the #a$age or that it 'as i$possi%le or hi$ or the$ to ta)e s"ch $eas"res. *. In the carriage o goo#s an# l"ggage the carrier is not lia%le i he proves that the #a$age 'as occasione# %& negligent pilotage or negligence in the han#ling o the aircra t or in navigation an# that! in all other respects! he an# his agents have ta)en all necessar& $eas"res to avoi# the #a$age. Article *1 I the carrier proves that the #a$age 'as ca"se# %& or contri%"te# to %& the negligence o the in-"re# person the Co"rt $a&! in accor#ance 'ith the provisions o its o'n la'! e+onerate the carrier 'holl& or partl& ro$ his lia%ilit&. Article ** 1. In the carriage o passengers the lia%ilit& o the carrier or eachpassenger is li$ite# to the s"$ o 1*9!>>> rancs. Ahere! in accor#ance 'ith the la' o the Co"rt seise# o the case! #a$ages $a& %e a'ar#e# in the or$ o perio#ical pa&$ents! the e("ivalent capital val"e o the sai# pa&$ents shall not e+cee# 1*9!>>> rancs. Nevertheless! %& special contract! the carrier an# the passenger $a& agree to a higher li$it o lia%ilit&. *. In the carriage o registere# l"ggage an# o goo#s! the lia%ilit&o the carrier is li$ite# to a s"$ o *9> rancs per )ilogra$! "nless the consignor has $a#e! at the ti$e 'hen the pac)age 'as han#e# over to the carrier! a special #eclaration o the val"e at #eliver& an# has pai# a s"pple$entar& s"$ i the case so re("ires. In that case the carrier 'ill %e lia%le to pa& a s"$ not e+cee#ing the #eclare# s"$! "nless he proves that that s"$ is greater than the act"al val"e to the consignor at #eliver&. /. As regar#s o%-ects o 'hich the passenger ta)es charge hi$sel the lia%ilit& o the carrier is li$ite# to 9!>>> rancs per passenger. 8. The s"$s $entione# a%ove shall %e #ee$e# to re er to theFrench ranc consisting o ;9 B $illigra$s gol# o $illesi$al ineness :>>. These s"$s $a& %e converte# into an& national c"rrenc& in ro"n# ig"res. Article */

An& provision ten#ing to relieve the carrier o lia%ilit& or to i+ a lo'er li$it than that 'hich is lai# #o'n in this Convention shall %e n"ll an# voi#! %"t the n"llit& o an& s"ch provision #oes not involve the n"llit& o the 'hole contract! 'hich shall re$ain s"%-ect to the provisions o this Convention.

Article *8 1. In the cases covere# %& Articles 1= an# 1: an& action or#a$ages! ho'ever o"n#e#! can onl& %e %ro"ght s"%-ect to the con#itions an# li$its set o"t in this Convention. *. In the cases covere# %& Article 1< the provisions o theprece#ing paragraph also appl&! 'itho"t pre-"#ice to the ("estions as to 'ho are the persons 'ho have the right to %ring s"it an# 'hat are their respective rights. Article *9 1. The carrier shall not %e entitle# to avail hi$sel o the provisionso this Convention 'hich e+cl"#e or li$it his lia%ilit&! i the #a$age is ca"se# %& his 'il "l $iscon#"ct or %& s"ch #e a"lt on his part as! in accor#ance 'ith the la' o the Co"rt seise# o the case! is consi#ere# to %e e("ivalent to 'il "l $iscon#"ct. *. Si$ilarl& the carrier shall not %e entitle# to avail hi$sel o thesai# provisions! i the #a$age is ca"se# as a oresai# %& an& agent o the carrier acting 'ithin the scope o his e$plo&$ent. Article *; 1. Receipt %& the person entitle# to #eliver& o l"ggage or goo#s'itho"t co$plaint is pri$a acie evi#ence that the sa$e have %een #elivere# in goo# con#ition an# in accor#ance 'ith the #oc"$ent o carriage. > In the case o #a$age! the person entitle# to #eliver& $"stco$plain to the carrier orth'ith a ter the #iscover& o the #a$age! an#! at the latest! 'ithin three #a&s ro$ the #ate o receipt in the case o l"ggage an# seven #a&s ro$ the #ate o receipt in the case o goo#s. In the case o

#ela& the co$plaint $"st %e $a#e at the latest 'ithin o"rteen #a&s ro$ the #ate on 'hich the l"ggage or goo#s have %een place# at his #isposal. /. Ever& co$plaint $"st %e $a#e in 'riting "pon the #oc"$ent o carriage or %& separate notice in 'riting #espatche# 'ithin the ti$es a oresai#. 8. Failing co$plaint 'ithin the ti$es a oresai#! no action shall lieagainst the carrier! save in the case o ra"# on his part. Article *< In the case o the #eath o the person lia%le! an action or #a$ages lies in accor#ance 'ith the ter$s o this Convention against those legall& representing his estate.

Article *= 1. An action or #a$ages $"st %e %ro"ght! at the option o theplainti ! in the territor& o one o the High Contracting Parties! either %e ore the Co"rt having -"ris#iction 'here the carrier is or#inaril& resi#ent! or has his principal place o %"siness! or has an esta%lish$ent %& 'hich the contract has %een $a#e or %e ore the Co"rt having -"ris#iction at the place o #estination. *. C"estions o proce#"re shall %e governe# %& the la' o theCo"rt seise# o the case. Article *: 1. The right to #a$ages shall %e e+ting"ishe# i an action is not%ro"ght 'ithin t'o &ears! rec)one# ro$ the #ate o arrival at the #estination! or ro$ the #ate on 'hich the aircra t o"ght to have arrive#! or ro$ the #ate on 'hich the carriage stoppe#. *. The $etho# o calc"lating the perio# o li$itation shall %e#eter$ine# %& the la' o the Co"rt seise# o the case. Article />

1. In the case o carriage to %e per or$e# %& vario"s s"ccessivecarriers an# alling 'ithin the #e inition set o"t in the thir# paragraph o Article 1! each carrier 'ho accepts passengers! l"ggage or goo#s is s"%-ecte# to the r"les set o"t in this Convention! an# is #ee$e# to %e one o the contracting parties to the contract o carriage in so ar as the contract #eals 'ith that part o the carriage 'hich is per or$e# "n#er his s"pervision. *. In the case o carriage o this nat"re! the passenger or hisrepresentative can ta)e action onl& against the carrier 'ho per or$e# the carriage #"ring 'hich the acci#ent or the #ela& occ"rre#! save in the case 'here! %& e+press agree$ent! the irst carrier has ass"$e# lia%ilit& or the 'hole -o"rne&. /. As regar#s l"ggage or goo#s! the passenger or consignor 'illhave a right o action against the irst carrier! an# the passenger or consignee 'ho is entitle# to #eliver& 'ill have a right o action against the last carrier! an# "rther! each $a& ta)e action against the carrier 'ho per or$e# the carriage #"ring 'hich the #estr"ction! loss! #a$age or #ela& too) place. These carriers 'ill %e -ointl& an# severall& lia%le to the passenger or to the consignor or consignee. CHAPTER ID PRODISIONS RE7ATIN2 TO CO1?INED CARRIA2E Article /1 1. In the case o co$%ine# carriage per or$e# partl& %& air an#partl& %& an& other $o#e o carriage! the provisions o this Convention appl& onl& to the carriage %& air! provi#e# that the carriage %& air alls 'ithin the ter$s o Article 1. *. Nothing in this Convention shall prevent the parties in the caseo co$%ine# carriage ro$ inserting in the #oc"$ent o air carriage con#itions relating to other $o#es o carriage! provi#e# that the provisions o this Convention are o%serve# as regar#s the carriage %& air. CHAPTER D 2ENERA7 AND FINA7 PRODISIONS Article /*

An& cla"se containe# in the contract an# all special agree$ents entere# into %e ore the #a$age occ"rre# %& 'hich the parties p"rport to in ringe the r"les lai# #o'n %& this Convention! 'hether %& #eci#ing the la' to %e applie#! or %& altering the r"les as to -"ris#iction! shall %e n"ll an# voi#. Nevertheless or the carriage o goo#s ar%itration cla"ses are allo'e#! s"%-ect to this Convention! i the ar%itration is to ta)e place 'ithin one o the -"ris#ictions re erre# to in the irst paragraph o Article *=. Article // Nothing containe# in this Convention shall prevent the carrier either ro$ re "sing to enter into an& contract o carriage! or ro$ $a)ing reg"lations 'hich #o not con lict 'ith the provisions o this Convention. Article /8 This Convention #oes not appl& to international carriage %& air per or$e# %& 'a& o e+peri$ental trial %& air navigation "n#erta)ings 'ith the vie' to the esta%lish$ent o a reg"lar line o air navigation! nor #oes it appl& to carriage per or$e# in e+traor#inar& circ"$stances o"tsi#e the nor$al scope o an air carrierEs %"siness.

Article /9 The e+pression ,#a&s, 'hen "se# in this Convention $eans c"rrent #a&s not 'or)ing #a&s. Article /; The Convention is #ra'n "p in French in a single cop& 'hich shall re$ain #eposite# in the archives o the 1inistr& or Foreign A airs o Polan# an# o 'hich one #"l& certi ie# cop& shall %e sent %& the Polish 2overn$ent to the 2overn$ent o each o the High Contracting Parties.

Article /<

1. This Convention shall %e rati ie#. The instr"$ents o rati icationshall %e #eposite# in the archives o the 1inistr& or Foreign A airs o Polan#! 'hich 'ill noti & the #eposit to the 2overn$ent o each o the High Contracting Parties. *. As soon as this Convention shall have %een rati ie# %& ive o theHigh Contracting Parties it shall co$e into orce as %et'een the$ on the ninetieth #a& a ter the #eposit o the i th rati ication. Therea ter it shall co$e into orce %et'een the High Contracting Parties 'ho shall have rati ie# an# the High Contracting Part& 'ho #eposits his instr"$ent o rati ication on the ninetieth #a& a ter the #eposit. /. It shall %e the #"t& o the 2overn$ent o the Rep"%lic o Polan#to noti & to the 2overn$ent o each o the High Contracting Parties the #ate on 'hich this Convention co$es into orce as 'ell as the #ate o the #eposit o each rati ication. Article /= 1. This Convention shall! a ter it has co$e into orce! re$ain open or accession %& an& State. *. The accession shall %e e ecte# %& a noti ication a##resse# to the2overn$ent o the Rep"%lic o Polan#! 'hich 'ill in or$ the 2overn$ent o each o the High Contracting Parties thereo . /. The accession shall ta)e e ect as ro$ the ninetieth #a& a ter thenoti ication $a#e to the 2overn$ent o the Rep"%lic o Polan#. Article /: 1. An& one o the High Contracting Parties $a& #eno"nce thisConvention %& a noti ication a##resse# to the 2overn$ent o the Rep"%lic o Polan#! 'hich 'ill at once in or$ the 2overn$ent o each o the High Contracting Parties. *. Den"nciation shall ta)e e ect si+ $onths a ter the noti icationo #en"nciation! an# shall operate onl& as regar#s the Part& 'ho shall have procee#e# to #en"nciation. Article 8> > An& High Contracting Part& $a&! at the ti$e o signat"re or o #eposit o rati ication or o accession #eclare that the acceptance 'hich he gives to this Convention #oes not appl& to all or an& o his colonies!

protectorates! territories "n#er $an#ate! or an& other territor& s"%-ect to his sovereignt& or his a"thorit&! or an& territor& "n#er his s".eraint&. *. Accor#ingl& an& High Contracting Part& $a& s"%se("entl&acce#e separatel& in the na$e o all or an& o his colonies! protectorates! territories "n#er $an#ate or an& other territor& s"%-ect to his sovereignt& or to his a"thorit& or an& territor& "n#er his s".eraint& 'hich has %een th"s e+cl"#e# %& his original #eclaration. /. An& High Contracting Part& $a& #eno"nce this Convention! inaccor#ance 'ith its provisions! separatel& or or all or an& o his colonies! protectorates! territories "n#er $an#ate or an& other territor& s"%-ect to his sovereignt& or to his a"thorit&! or an& other territor& "n#er his s".eraint&. Article 81 An& High Contracting Part& shall %e entitle# not earlier than t'o &ears a ter the co$ing into orce o this Convention to call or the asse$%ling o a ne' international Con erence in or#er to consi#er an& i$prove$ents 'hich $a& %e $a#e in this Convention. To this en# he 'ill co$$"nicate 'ith the 2overn$ent o the French Rep"%lic 'hich 'ill ta)e the necessar& $eas"res to $a)e preparations or s"ch Con erence. This Convention #one at Aarsa' on the 1*th Octo%er! 1:*:! shall re$ain open or signat"re "ntil the /1st Fan"ar&! 1:/>.

,ADDITIONA7 PROTOCO7 4Aith re erence to Article *5 The High Contracting Parties reserve to themselves the right to declare at the time of ratification or of accession that the first paragraph of Article 2 of this Convention shall not apply to international carriage by air performed directly by the State, its colonies, protectorates or mandated territories or by any other territory under its sovereignty, suzerainty or authority.