.

Elliott1991

( 68 152)(J.Collier)(action
research)1933 1945

( 75 102)
Corey
1940 1950 1948

1953 (Action
Research to Improve School Practice)

( 75 103-104) 1960

1990

()

( 73 62)
()()()
()()
( 74 131 66 75)
(Dewey,1933p.107)
1.2.(
)
3.
4.
((reference)5.
( 55 548-549)


( 73 62-63)

() (Pragmatism)
(C.S.Peirce,J839-1914)(W.James,1842-1910)
(J,Dewey,1859-1952)( 68 84)

( 66 70)

1.
(
66 69 71 241)

2.
( 62 86)

( 62 87)

J ()

3.
J
( 67 14)

4.
( 74 J30)

5.( 67 45)

()(Critical Theory)
1.

(Positivistic approach)
(
)

2.

(material
negative force)

(
74 45)
3.
()
()

() (Action Theory)
1.
(T.Parsons)
(structural-functionalism) (The
Structure of Social Action)(Parsons1951)

(normative regulations)
2.
(1)
A.
B.

()
C.

D.

(2)
A.

B.

C.

D.
(

)
()(Paradigmatic Epistemology)
1.
(Th.Kuhn,1970)()

(1)(scientific paradigm)

(2)(scientific community)()

(3)(normal science)

(4)(extraordinary science)

()

(5)(scientific revolution)

()
2.

(Tuthill & Ashton 1983,pp.6-14)

()
3.

Gore Zeichner1991
Sagor Curley1991
1970
Elliott1991Taylor1996

research
as learningTay-lor1996

( 75 29)

Mckernan,1991a

Elliott,1993,p.54

1.

1.

2.

3.
4.

..

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.
(
)

8.

9.

(empathy)

10.

11.

12.

1.
2.
3.4.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

( 60 93-94
68 152 75 107-109)

(1977)

()
()
()
()
()()

()

()
()
()

()Lewin(Spiral Circle)

Kurt
Lewin(1946)

McNiff1988p.22

10

Lewin

McNiff1988pp.23-24

1
(2)

Somekh
()

???
?

()

11

()

()

(Hopkins,Woods,Bell,Pollard & Tann,)

1.()
()
2.
3.

4.
5.
6.()
7.
8.
9.
10.

()

(2000)
AltrichterPosch Somekh
1

()

()
12

()

()()
()

()

Somekh

1.
2.
3.
4.

Whyte
Research network
13

(Whyte1991p.144)
()

1.
2.
3.

4.
5.

6.
7.

(1998)

( 68 271-272)
()

()

14

()

()

Carr Kemmis(1986)
Ha-bermas,J.
Technical Action Re-search

Practical Action Re-search

Emancipatory Action Re-search

Schon1983
15

reflection-on-action

reflection-in-action

Zeichner Liston

Elliot1991

Zeichner1983

A
16

(1)
(2)(3)(4)
(5)(6)
(7)(8)
(1)

(2)
(3)
(4)

(5)

, 1999b

Johnston, 1994

, 1998

17

, 2000

, 1998

1.

2.

Hancock1997

, 1998
Little1990
, 1998

, 2000

, 1998
3.

, 1998
4.
Hargreaves1996

, 1998

Carr Kemmis,
1986

,
1999a

18

5.

, 1998
6.
Carr & Kemmis1986

7.
Johnston1994

, 1998
McKernan1994

, 1999b
8.

,
1998

, 2000
, 1998, 1994a, 1994b
, 1999b, 2000

1.

2.

19

3.

4.

1.

2.

3.
20

schoolbased
management SBMempowerment

1.( 86) --
2... ( 92)

http://ci-lab.ied.edu.hk/aris/new_page_5.htm
http://pei.cjjh.tc.edu.tw/sci-edu/edu_3_10_2_4.htm
http://www.skes.tn.edu.tw/91e//research.htm

21