Data Displays

Probability and Sample Spaces

Independent and Dependent Events

Probability Experiments

Unbiased and Biased Samples

Data Displays

Probability and Sample Spaces

Independent and Dependent Events

Probability Experiments

Unbiased and Biased Samples

$100 $100 $100 $100 $100 $200 $200 $200 $200 $200 $300 $300 $300 $300 $300

$400 $400 $400 $400 $400 $500 $500 $500 $500 $500

The circle graph shows the results of s survey in which middle school students were asked to name one of their favorite pizza toppings. What percent of the people surveyed named mushrooms as their favorite topping?

16

The following graph shows a poll of how people in an urban city travel to work each day. What percent of those polled drive alone to work each day? Round to the nearest whole percent.

28%

A group of mothers reported when their children got their first tooth. What fraction of the number of children reported got their first tooth when they were six months or older?

4/5

The stem-and leaf plot shows the points scored by the Harding Middle School basketball team. Which measure of central tendency is most affected?

The mean is most affected.

The stem-and-leaf plot below shows the ages of students in a pottery class. Find the median, mode, and range of the data.

11, 11, 5

What is the probability, as a percent, of the spinner landing on a number less than 3?

37.5%

The records of a sporting goods store show that one out of every 4 balls purchased is a football. What is the probability that a football will NOT be purchased when a ball is purchased?

An ice cream parlor offers two different flavors of ice cream: chocolate or vanilla; 3 types of syrups: fudge, caramel, or marshmallow; and 2 choices of topping: with or without sprinkles. How many possible choices are there?

12

Joes Jerseys sells 9 different styles of hats in several different colors for 2 different sports teams. If the company makes 108 kinds of hats, how many different colors do they make?

A bakery offers white, chocolate, or yellow cakes with white or chocolate icing. There are also 24 design that can be applied to the cake. If all orders are equally likely, what is the probability that a customer will order a white cake with white icing in a specific design?

1/144

Mr. Bruen is holding four straws of different lengths. He has asked four students to each randomly pick a straw to see who goes first in a game. Max picks first, gets the second longest straw, and keeps it. What is the probability that Brandon will pick the longest straw if he picks second?

1/3

Each customer at a sporting goods store gets to spin the arrow on the spinner twice for a discount on their total purchase. If the sections on the spinner are congruent, what is the probability that the spinner will land on a section for $10 off and then on a sections for $5 off?

3/32

The spinners below are each spun once. What is the probability of spinning 2 and white?

1/16

A jar of beads contains 6 aqua beads, and 4 black beads. If two beads are selected at random, with replacement, what is the probability that both beads will be aqua?

9/25

Raul used the method for dependent events. Spinning the spinner twice represents two independent events. The probability of getting an even number is 2/5 each time. So the correct answer is 4/25.

A number cubes is rolled 20 times and lands on 1 two times and on 5 four times. Find the experimental probability of landing on 5.

1/5

A number cubes is rolled 20 times and lands on 1 two times and on 5 four times. Find the experimental probability of not landing on 1.

9/10

A spinner with three equalsized sections marked A, B, and C is spun 100 times. What is the theoretical probability of landing on A?

1/3

A spinner with three equal-sized sections marked A, B, and C is spun 100 times. The results of the experiment are shown in the table. What is the experimental probability of landing on A? of landing on C?

6/25 and 13/50

The experimental probability of a coin landing on heads is 7/12. If the coin landed on tails 30 times, find the number of tosses.

72

Name three ways to conduct an unbiased sample.

Simple Random Sample

Stratified Random Sample Systematic Random Sample

To determine how much money the average American family spends to cool their home, 100 Alaskan households are surveyed at random. Of the households, 85 said that they spend less than $75 per month on cooling. The researcher concluded that the average American household spends less than $75 on cooling per month. Is this valid? Justify your answer.

The conclusion is invalid. This is a biased sample, since people in other states would spend much more than those in Alaska. The sample is a convenience sample since all the people are from the same state.

To determine the most important company benefit, one our of every five employees is chosen at random. Medical insurance was listed as the most important benefit by 67% of the employees. The company managers conclude that medical insurance should be provided to all employees. Is the conclusion valid? Justify your answer.

The conclusion is valid. This is an unbiased, stratified random sample.

Maci surveyed all the members or her softball team about their favorite sport. From these results, Maci concluded that softball was the favorite sport among all her classmates. Which is the best explanation for why her conclusion might NOT be valid? 1. The softball team meets only on weekdays 2. She should have asked only people who do not play sports 3. The survey should have been done daily for a week 4. The sample was not representative of all of her classmates

4. The sample was not representative of all of her classmates

Ms. Gibbs determined that 60% of the students in her classes brought an umbrella to school when the weather forecast predicted rain. If she has a total of 10 students, which statement does NOT represent Ms. Gibbs data? 1.
2.

On days when the rain is forecast, less than 2/5 of her students bring an umbrella to school
On days when rain is forecast, 90 of her students bring an umbrella to school

3.
4.

On days when rain ins forecast, most than of her students bring an umbrella to school
On days when rain is forecast, 60 of her students do not bring an umbrella to school

1. On days when the rain is forecast, less than 2/5 of her students bring an umbrella to school