BO MON TOAN NG DUNG - HBK

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TOAN 4 HK2 0506

CHUOI VA PHNG TRNH VI PHAN
BAI 3: CHUOI FOURIER

TS. NGUYEN QUOC LAN (4/2006)

NOI DUNG

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1 CHUOI FOURIER HE SO FOURIER

2 KHAI TRIEN FOURIER
3

KHAI

TRIEN

FOURIER

THEO

HAM

(THAC TRIEN CHAN & LE)

4 KHAI TRIEN FOURIER TREN OAN BAT KY

COS

SIN

Y TNG FOURIER

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Phan tch ham (tuan hoan) bat ky dao ong c ban

HE SO FOURIER CHUOI FOURIER

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a0
f ( x)
an cos nx bn sin nx , x ,
2 n 1

{an}, {bn}:

cos nxsin mx dx

cos nx cos mx dx

Tnh chat:

sin nx sin mx dx

He ham lng giac {sinnx,

cosmx} trc giao theo ngha
tch vo hng: u v

(u,v)= 0

He so Fourier cua ham f(x) tren [, ] Chuoi Fourier

a0
an f cos nx bn f sin nx an cos bn sin
2 n 1

V DU: CHUOI FOURIER CUA HAM XUNG

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VD: Ham xung:

a0
an

0 , x 0
f ( x)
&
1 , 0 x

f x 2 f x

f x dx

f x cos nxdx

Chuoi Fourier:

bn f x sin nxdx

1 2 sin 2k 1x
f x ~
, x ,
2 k 0
2k 1

MINH HOA CHUOI FOURIER

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CHUOI FOURIER

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Ham f(x) tuan hoan chu ky 2 (hoac xac nh [,])

a
Chuoi Fourier cua f(x):
f x ~ 0 an cos nx bn sin nx
2 n 1

1
1
He so: a
n
f ( x) cos nx , n 0 bn f ( x) sin nx , n 1

a
0
f(x) = f(x)
f x ~ an cos nx : Khai trienchcha
cos
2 n 1

2
Ghi nh:
f ( x) : chan
bn 0 , an f x cos nxdx , n 0

f(x) = f(x)
Ghi nh:

f x ~ bn sin nx : Khai trienchcha

sin
n 1

f ( x) : le an 0 , bn

f x sin nxdx , n 1

V DU 2

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f ( x) x , x , : Ham chan bn = 0 & He so an:

a0

, an

, n 2k
, n 2k 1

f x ~

V DU 3

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f x x , x , : Ham le an = 0 & He so bn:

bn

f x ~

HOI TU CUA CHUOI FOURIER KHAI TRIEN FOURIER

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Dirichlet: f lien tuc/ [, ], tr vai iem gian oan loai 1 Chuoi Fourier
cua f hoi tu tren [, ] vi tong bang:
f(x) neu f lien tuc tai x
[ f(x) + f(x+) ]/2 neu f gian oan (loai 1) tai x (, )
[ f()+f(+) ]/2 tai 2 iem bien x =
He thc Parseval (SGK, trang 110): f n ieu tng khuc tren [, ] He
so Fourier cua f tren [, ] thoa:
a02
1
2
2
an bn
2 n 1

f 2 x dx

KHAI TRIEN FOURIER TREN [0, ]

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f(x) xac nh [0, ] (khong phai [, ]!): Chuoi Fourier?

Cau hoi: He so van

an

f x cos nx , b

f x sin nx ?

Thac trien (keo dai) f len [, ] C/thc a biet

Thac trien chan Chuoi Fourier ch cha cos
Thac trien le Chuoi Fourier ch cha sin
VD: Khai trien ham f(x) = x tren (0,) theo: a/ cos b/ sin
a / bn 0, an

x cos nxdx Chuoi:

2
k 0

b / an 0, bn

cos2k 1x
2k 12

1n1 sin nx

n 1

x sin nxdx Chuoi: 2

CHUOI FOURIER HAM CHU KY BAT KY

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Chuoi Fourier ham chu ky bat ky 2l Ham xac nh tren [l, l]. oi
bien ve oan [, ] He so Fourier
1
nx
1
nx
an f x cos
dx n 0 , bn f x sin
dx n 1

a0
nx
nx
f x ~ an cos
bn sin
2 n 1

VD: Chuoi Fourier ham f(x) = x tren [3,3], tuan hoan T = 6

1
2
nx
nx
nx
f x ~ bn sin
b

sin
dx

x
sin
n

dx

3 3
30
3
3
3
n 1

Khai trien Fourier ham tren [0, l] : Thac trien + oi bien