Verbs which can be used as Attributive adjective: 1. bounden: It is our bounden duty to obey our teachers. 2.

cloven: The cow has cloven hoofs. 3. drunken: His father was a drunken man. 4. gotten: Ill gotten wealth can not give !eace to anybody. ". hidden: #hat is the hidden motive behind his coming here$ %. shrunken: The old women has a shrunken face. &. stricken: 'verybody should hel! the !overty stricken !eo!le( ). sunken: He has sunken eyes. They tried to save the sunken shi!. *. sewn : It is a well sewn shirt. 1+. trodden: #e should stand for the down trodden. ,tructure 1. -o sooner had.than( scarcely had when( hardly had before No sooner had he seen the !olice than he ran away. 2. ,ince./resent indefinite0/resent !erfect 1 !ast indefinite It is many years since I came to 2oscow. 2any year have !assed since he came to 2oscow. 3. ,ince. /ast indefinite 1 !ast !erfect It was many years since we had first met. It was a long since I had seen her last. 4. Had better( had rather( would better( would rather( let( must( need( dare 1 bare infinitive 3ou had better go to university. I will not let you enter my office. ". #ould that 1 could 1 infinitive #ould that I could go to college. %. to be0having 1 !ast !artici!le He ran away having taken the bag. The teacher desired the notice to be hung. &. mind( worth( without( !ast( cannot hel!( could not hel!( with a view to( look forward to( would you mind( get used to( think of 1 verb 1ing I went the library with a view to reading there. He never thought of going to 4merica. ). It is high time( it is time( wish( fancy 1 !ast sim!le I fancy I turned !ale. It is high time he changed his decision. I wish I were a king. *. 4s though( as if( wish 1 were I wish I were a bird. He talks as if he here a !resident. 1+. 4s though0as if 1 !resent indefinite 1 !ast indefinite He s!eaks as though he knew everything. 11. 4s though0as if 1 !ast indefinite 1 !ast !erfect ,he !roceeded as though I had not s!oken. 12. 'very( each( one of 1 singular verb 5ne of the students was absent yesterday. 'verybody loves flowers. 13. 6an( could( may( might( shall( should( will( would7as au8iliary9 1 infinitive 3ou may go tomorrow. I can do the work. 3ou should take care of your health.

14. Had 1 sub 1 !ast !artici!le 1 would have0could have0might have 1 !ast !artici!le Had I been a millionaire( I would have hel!ed the !oor. Had I !ossessed vast !ro!erty( I would have establish a university( 1". has( have( had( get( got 7as a causative verb9 1 !ast !artici!le I got the work done by him. I had my letter written. 1%. :est.1should0might He walks fast lest he should miss the train.

From Complex to simple 1&. 6om!le8 sentence with the same sub;ect 1 since0as0when ,ince the old man killed the bird( he brought bad luck to the crew. <illing the bird( the old man brought bad luck to the crew. #hen ,asha saw the !olice( he ran away. ,eeing the !olice( ,asha ran away. 4s I had forgotten him( I went out. =orgetting him( I went out.0Having forgotten him( I went out. 1). 6om!le8 sentence with different sub;ect 1 am0is0are0was0were0has0have0had ,ince the weather was very cold( there were no birds or animals in the snow covered country. The weather being very cold( there were no birds or animals in the snow covered country. #hen the meeting was over( we went back home. The meeting being over( we went back home. 1*. 6om!le8 sentence with the same sub;ect 1,ince0as ,ince >oman was small( he could not work hard. ?ecause of his being small( >oman could not work hard. @erry was loved by the authoress as he had integrity. @erry was loved by the authoress because of his having integrity. 2+. 6om!le8 sentence with relative !ronoun The writer lived in a cabin that belonged to the or!hanage. The writer lived in a cabin belonging to the or!hanage. 4 solar !ond that absorbs heat from the sun can cook our food. 4 solar !ond absorbing heat from the sun can cook our food. Aillage women who are sitting on the walkways may en;oy gossi!ing. Aillage women sitting on the walkways may en;oy gossi!ing. 21. 6om!le8 sentence with BwhenC as a time indicator 7arenCt( in( at the age of.9 #hen it was daylight( I was half awakened by the sound of cho!!ing. 4t daylight I was half awakened by the sound of cho!!ing. #hen it is s!ring( the cuckoo sings. In s!ring the cuckoo sings. #hen he was four( he left his village. 4t the age of four( he left his village. 22. 6om!le8 sentence with BwhenC as a work0!rocess #hen it was raining( he woke u!. 4t the time of raining( he woke u!. #hen we were !laying( it began to rain.

4t the time of our !laying( it began to rain. #hen I was eating( he came. 4t the time of my eating( he came. 23. -egative com!le8 sentence with BIfC. If you donCt work hard( you will not !ros!er in life. #ithout working hard( you will not !ros!er in life. If you donCt read attentively( you will not !ass the e8amination. #ithout reading attentively( you will not !ass the e8amination. 24. /ositive com!le8 sentence with BIfD. If you work hard( you can succeed in life. ?y working hard( you can succeed in life. 2". 6om!le8 sentence with Bso thatC. ?oris worked hard so that he could !ros!er in life. ?oris worked hard to !ros!er in life. I read more so that I can make a good result. I read more in order to make a good result. 2%. 6om!le8 sentence with Bso.thatC. He is so weak that he cannot walk. He is too weak to walk. 2&. 6om!le8 sentence with Bthough0althoughC. Though he tried heart and soul( he could not !ass the e8amination. In s!ite of his trying heart and soul( he could not !ass the e8amination. 4lthough the man has vast riches( he wants more. In s!ite of having vast riches( the man wants more.

Compound to simple 2). 6om!ound sentence with BandC.and same sub;ect The old man killed the bird and brought bad luck to the crew. <illing the bird( the old man brought bad luck to the crew. Earia sold her hair and bought a !latinum fob chain. ,elling her hair( Earia bought a !latinum fob chain. @erry took care of !at and got a dollar. Taking care of !at( @erry got a dollar. 2*. 6om!ound sentence with BandC.and different sub;ect The marriage ceremony was over and the guests were all going to the feast. The marriage ceremony being over( the guests were all going to the feast. The sun had set and we returned home. The sun having set( we returned home. 3+. 6om!ound sentence with BorC. #ork hard or you will not !ros!er in life. #ithout working hard( you will not !ros!er in life. >ead attentively or you cannot !ass the e8amination. #ithout reading attentively( you can not !ass the e8amination. 31. 6om!ound sentence with BandC.and same sub;ect .the first !art is BreasonC He is ill and he can not move an inch. ?ecause of his being ill( he can not move an inch. He has much money and he can buy a house. ?ecause of his having much money( he can buy a house. 32. 6om!ound sentence with BbutC. He is ill but he can run fast. In s!ite of his being ill( he can run fast. I ran fast but I could not get the train. In s!ite of my running fast( I could not get the train. 33. 6om!ound sentence which indicates BtimeC. It was twenty years ago and I was living in /aris. Twenty years ago( I was living in /aris.

Compound to complex 34. 6om!ound sentence with BreasonC or BtimeC.since0as.when The writer was !oor and could not taste caviar. ,ince the writer was !oor( he could not taste caviar. The dog lay close to him and found a comfort there. #hen the dog lay close to him( it found a comfort there. 3". 6om!ound sentence where first clause is BconditionC. #ork hard and you will shine in life. If you work hard( you will shine in life. 3%. 6om!ound sentence with BbutC. He ran fast but could not get the train. Though he ran fast( he could not get the train. 3&. 6om!ound sentence with BorC. #ork hard or you can not !ros!er in life. If you donCt work hard( you cannot !ros!er in life. 2ove or you will have !roblem. If you donCt move( you will have !roblem. 3).

4ble F unable 4ctive F inactive 4gree F disagree 4lways F never 4rrive F de!art ?elieve F disbelieve ?right F dark 6omfortable F uncomfortable 6orrect F incorrect Eefend F attack Eoubtful F sure 'Gual F uneGual =at F thin =reedom F bondage =riend F foe Hood F bad Hrateful F ungrateful Ha!!y Funha!!y Healthy F unhealthy Honesty dishonesty Honour F dishonour Im!ort F e8!ort <ind F cruel :ove F hate 2oral F immoral /leasant F un!leasant /lease F dis!lease /resent F absent /unctual F late >egular F irregular >emember F forget >ich F !oor >ise F fall ,incere F insincere ,orrow F ;oy To! F bottom Inity F diversity #ise F foolish 3oung F old

@oining sentences 1. Ise of Btoo.toC if sub;ects are the BsameC.7very( Guite( rather( e8tremely( so( seriously9Jtoo The writer was very !oor. He could not eat caviar. The writer was too !oor to eat caviar. The sailors were very thirsty. They could not s!eak. The sailors were too thirsty to s!eak. 2. Ise of Btoo.toC if sub;ects are the BdifferentC.7very( Guite( rather( e8tremely( so( seriously9Jtoo The water is very cold. I can not touch it. The water is too cold for me to touch it. The bo8 is very heavy. I can not carry it. The bo8 is too heavy for me to carry. 3. Ise of Btoo.toC if second sentence is B!assiveC. He is very clever. He can not be understood easily. He is too clever to be understood easily. ,he is singing very softly. ,he cannot be understood easily. ,he is singing too softly to be understood easily. 1. Ise of BenoughC.if sub;ects are the BsameC.7very( so( Guite( rather( e8tremely( too9Jenough to He is very rich. He can buy a house. He is rich enough to buy a house. @erry was very honest. He s!oke the truth. @erry was honest enough to s!eak the truth. 2. He has much money. He can hel! the !oor. He has enough money to hel! the !oor. The boy has much intelligence. He can make a good result. The boy has enough intelligence to make a good result. 3. Ise of BenoughC.if sub;ects are the BdifferentC.7very( so( Guite( rather( e8tremely( too9Jenough to 1 for 3ou are very foolish. I can deceive you. 3ou are foolish enough for me to deceive. The !roblem is very easy. The students can solve it. The !roblem is easy enough for the students to solve. The mountain is not very high. #e can climb it.

The mountain is not high enough for us to climb. 1. Ise of Bbecause ofC.if one sentence BreasonC. He is healthy. He is ha!!y. ?ecause of his being healthy( he is ha!!y. The boy has merits. He is !raised by all. ?ecause of having merits( the boy is !raised by all. @erry was undersiKed. The authoress was not willing to em!loy him in cho!!ing wood. ?ecause of being undersiKed( the authoress was willing to em!loy @erry in cho!!ing wood. 2. Ise of Bbecause ofC.if Bthere0it in BreasonC sentence. There was heavy fog. #e could not go out. ?ecause of heavy fog( we could not go out. 1. Ise of Bin s!ite ofC. He had all the Gualifications. 3et he did not get a ;ob. In s!ite of his having all the Gualifications( he did not get a ;ob. The boy had merits. He could not !ass. In s!ite of having merits( the boy could not !ass. 2. Ise of Bin s!ite ofC. Bit0thereC. There was heavy rain. He went out without umbrella. In s!ite of heavy rain( he went out without umbrella. There are many rivers in ?angladesh. ,he faces scarcity of water. In s!ite of many rivers in ?angladesh( she faces scarcity of water. 1. Ise of Bthough0althoughC. He ran fast. 3et( he could not get the train. 4lthough he ran fast( he could not get the train. I burned with Guestions. I could not ask. 4lthough I burned with Guestions( I could not ask. @erry could cho! wood well. He was very small. @erry could cho! wood well although he was very small. 1. Ise of Bso thatC.7want to0wants to0ho!e to0ho!es to0wish to0wishes to0desires to9Jcan0may 1 wanted to0ho!ed to0wished to0desired to9Jcould0might He works hard. He wants to !ros!er in life. He works hard so that he can !ros!er in life. Eella sold her hair. ,he wanted to buy a gift for @im.

Eella sold her hair so that she could buy a gift for @im. 2. Ise of Bso thatC if its B!ur!ose0aimC.7am0is0are0was0were9Jmay0can0might0could He reads more. His aim is to make a good result. He reads more so that he may make a good result. The girl went to :ondon. Her !ur!ose was to receive higher education. The girl went to :ondon so that she could receive higher education. 3. Ise of Bso thatC if !ur!ose sentence Bwant0wants0wantedC1me( us( you( then( his( her( nobody( none( no one( anyone( anybody( anything9 J could not 0might not The 6ali!h went out in disguise. He did not want anybody to know him. The 6ali!h went out in disguise so that anybody might not know him. He bears my educational e8!enses. He wants me to make a good result. He bears my educational e8!enses so that I can make a good result. 1. Ise of Bso..thatC. He s!oke very slowly. I could not follow him. He s!oke so slowly that I could not follow him. It is a very interesting matter. I can not overlook it. It is so interesting matter that I can not overlook it. These =rench white wines are very light. They are wonderful for digestion. These =rench white wines are so light that they are wonderful for digestion. The !roblem is very hard. #e cannot solve it. The !roblem is so hard that we cannot solve it. 1. Ise of B/artici!lesC../resent !artici!le: The authoress closed the door. ,he went back to work. 6losing the door( the authoress went back to work. The old sailor went away. He left the marriage guest. The old sailor went away leaving the marriage guest. 2. Ise of B!resent !artici!leC if sub;ects are the BdifferentC.first sentence au8iliary verb acts a main verb The marriage ceremony was over. The guests were all going to the feast. The marriage ceremony being over( the guests were all going to the feast. 3. Ise of B!resent !artici!leC if sub;ects are the B,ameC.sub;ect of second sentence indicates ob;ect of first sentence I saw him. He was !laying football. I saw him !laying football. I received from her another letter. It said that she would meet me on the following Thursday. I received from her another letter saying that she would meet me on the following Thursday.

Simple 5nly one sub;ect and one finite verb

They !lay football. ?ecause of his illness( he could not attend the meeting. <illing the bird( the old man brought bad luck to the crew. ,eeing the !olice( ,haun ran away. The weather being very cold( there were no birds or animal in the snow covered country. @erry was loved by the authoress as he had integrity. The writer lived in a cabin belonging to the or!hanage. 4t daylight I was half awakened by the sound of cho!!ing. 4t the time of raining( he woke u!. #ithout working hard( you will not !ros!er in life. #ithout reading attentively( you will not !ass the e8amination ?y working hard( you can succeed in life. ?oris worked hard to !ros!er in life. I read more in order to make a good result. He is too weak to walk. In s!ite of his trying heart and soul( he could not !ass the e8amination.

Complex If( though( although( as( because( since( so that( that( until( till( unless( when( why( who( which( where( how( before( after( whether( while 1 ,ubordinates 4lthough he is !oor( he is honest. I know that he would hel! me. ,ince the old man killed the bird( he brought bad luck to the crew. #hen ,haun saw the !olice( he ran away. ,ince the weather was very cold( there were no birds or animals in the snow covered country. @erry was loved by the authoress because of his having integrity. The writer lived in a cabin that belonged to the or!hanage. #hen it was daylight( I was half awakened by the sound of cho!!ing. #hen it was raining( he woke u!. If you donCt work hard( you will not !ros!er in life. If you donCt read attentively( you will not !ass the e8amination. If you work hard( you can succeed in life. ?oris worked hard so that he could !ros!er in life. I read more so that I can make a good result. He is so weak that he cannot walk. Though he tried heart and soul( he could not !ass the e8amination.

Compound /rinci!al clause 1 and( but( or( yet( and so( therefore.

He is !oor( but honest. >ead or your will fail. I went there and found him !laying. The old man killed the bird and brought bad luck to the crew. ,haun saw the !olice and ran away. The weather was very cold and there were no birds or animals in the snow covered country. @erry had integrity and the authoress loved it. The writer lived in a cabin and it belonged to the or!hanage. It was daylight and I was half awakened by the sound of cho!!ing. I woke u! and it was raining. #ork hard or you will not !ros!er in life. >ead attentively or you cannot !ass the e8amination. #ork hard and you can succeed in life. ?oris worked hard and he wanted to !ros!er in life.

He was trying heart and soul but he could not !ass the e8amination.