Wind actions on signboards according to Eurocode 1 part 4.

In this design example we will try to present how to calculate the wind loads
subjected to signboards according to Eurocode 1 (EN 1991-1-4). The dimensions of
the signboard are h=7,00m and b=5,00m. It is separated from the ground by a
height zg=1,50m. Finally, the value of the basic wind velocity is Vb=33m/s and the
category of the terrain I (flat horizontal area with negligible vegetation and without
obstacles).

z0=0,01m and zmin=1,00m (EN 1991-1-4 Table 4.1)

Reference Height - ze
ze=zg+h/2=1,50+7,00/2=5,00m (EN 1991-1-4 Figure 7.21)
Force Coefficients - cf
zg=1,50m < h/4=7,00/4=1,75m
b/h=5,00/7,00=0,714m < 1,00
cf=1,80 (EN 1991-1-4 Clause 7.4.3 (2))
Roughness factor - cr(z)
z=ze=5,00m > zmin=1,00m
cr(ze)=kr*ln(z/z0) (EN 1991-1-4 Expression 4.4)
Terrain factor - kr
kr=0,19*(z0/z0,II)^0,07=0,19*(0,01/0,05)^0,07=0,1698 (EN 1991-1-4 Expression
4.5)
cr(ze)=kr*ln(z/z0)=0,1698*ln(5,00/0,01)=1,055 (EN 1991-1-4 Expression 4.4)
Turbulence Intensity - Iv(z)
z=ze=5,00m > zmin=1,00m
Orography Factor: co(z)=1,00
Iv(z)=kI/(co(z)*ln(z/z0))=1,00/(1,00*ln(5,00/0,01))=0,1609 (EN 1991-1-4 Expression
4.7)
Basic Velocity Pressure - qb
qb=0,50**Vb2=0,50*0,00125*332=0,68kN/m2 (EN 1991-1-4 Expression 4.10)
Mean Wind Velocity - Vm
Vm(z)=cr(z)*co(z)*Vb=1,055*1,00*33=34,82m/s (EN 1991-1-4 Expression 4.3)
Peak Velocity Pressure - qp(z)
qp(z)=(1+7*Iv(z))*0,50**Vm(z)2=(1+7*0,1609)*0,50*0,00125*34,822=1,61kN/m2
(EN 1991-1-4 Expression 4.8)
Wind Force - Fw
Fw=cf*qp(z)*Aref=1,80*1,61*(5*7)=101,43kN (EN 1991-1-4 Expression 5.3)
Horizontal Eccentricity - e
e=0,25*b=0,25*5=1,25m (EN 1991-1-4 Clause 7.4.3 (3))