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1960
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Baguio, Philippines
m e m o ir s
S u m m e r C 'a p ita l P u b l i s h i n g H o u s e
P . B u rg o s S tr e e t, B a g u io C ity P h ilip p in e s 19 6 0
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STAFF MEMBERS
L azaro P. G utierrez. E ditor A ssociate E ditors L a rry L. W ilson, G. E. Mamoyac M auro C oncepcion, A tty. C. Basco
CONCORDIO CALUB
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P R I F 4 CE
This book entitled Memoirs of Baguio has been de signed to fill up the need for tracing the story of the progress of the City of Baguio from the time it was founded in 1909. A thorough research running through several years, has been conducted with the aim in view of acquiring all pos sible essential materials necessary to build up this book. The research included digging up for old pictures por traying the slow, but steady groivth of the City of Baguio 50 years back. The search for materials, particularly pic tures, was rather slow, but with the help of some Baguio oldtimers, who shared generously the publishers of this book with their treasured albums we have accummulated pictorial materials which we believe have never been printed before nor used in any publication about Baguio. Attem pt has been made also by the publishers to put this book through on the occasion of the Golden Anniversary celebration of the founding of the City of Baguio in Sept ember, 1959, but due to several limitations and other diffi culties, the publication o f this book was delayed several months. In the meantime more materials had been gathered to rammify the scope of the book. Thus have something on the first elective city council members and other gov ernment officials, the election of November, 1959, marking an important epoch in the political history of this City of Baguio. The book also proposes to boost tourism, taking the cue from the new policy of the city administration to pro mote local tourism as one of the dollar-producing industries in the Philippines. We take this opportunity to extend our thanks, in acknoivledgment of the valuable cooperation re ceived, to all o f those whose concern for the completion of 'his book had contributed largely to the procurement of the materials used in this publication.
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VI
CONTENTS
Historical and pictorial book about Baguio, comm encing from its ea rly d evelo p merit with a brief record of peo p le who in one way or another have co n tribu ted th eir share to the economic, political, cu ltu ral, social progress o f th e said C ity.
m Dedication ........... .................................................... Resolution of the City Council for Gov.-Gen. W. C. Forbes ................................ IV Preface ............% ............ .............................. .......... VI Footnotes on Baguios HiBtory ........................... 8 The Birth of Baguio ............................................ 18 The Civil Sanitarium ............................................ 22 Const, of the Benguet Road ................................ 26 Early rfistbry of Baguio, by W. C. Forbes . . . . 87 The Philippine Commission . . ............................. 60 From the minutes of the Phil. Com. . . . . . . . . . . 61 Notes of Dean Worcester ............................. . 62 Baguio Ctiy Plan .................................................. 64 John Hay Air Base ............................ .............. 70 The Baguio General Hospital ............................... 74 Growth of the Teachers' Camp ........................ 76 Brief history of the Benguet A. Line .............. *82 The Naguilian Road .............................. . 88 First Automobile trip to Baguio ................... . 88 Growth of Baguio ................................................. 96 The Boguio Police Department ............. .......... 98 Brief history of the P.M.A................................... 106 Background of Btf&uio Aviatitfn ......... .............. 108 The Baguio Race Course .................................... 112 The 1923 B&guio Carnival ................................. 121 Prim itive Mining Methods ................................... 124 Pioneer prospectors tn Benguet ..........* * ........... 126 Mining ............................................ ......................... 129 146 Brief History of Baguio Lodge ....................... Pre-W ar B. Chamber of Commerce ................. 166 Japnaese occupation and lbieration of Baguio 167 City Council's Directory . . . . . ....... ...................... 170 . Baguio a Tourist spot ........................................ 183 A trip to Baguio of Philippine Commission members ....................................... .... 18 O tto Sheerer with members of the Philippine Commission . . . . ...............................20 Burnham P ark in 1901 ........................... . .......22 The Session Road of 1900 ............ ..................... ....22 Baguios first Sanitarium ............................. ...........28 Baguio Sanitarium upon its completion . . * . . . 24 The old ro^d a t Agaat near the Canyon . . . * . . 26 Provisional .bridge built a t Camp 1 27 The beginning of the road .............. .......................27 C arts from Dagupan over the Benguet road carrying powder .......................................... -28 A p art of the finished road near Camp 1 . . 28 A group of lowland Filipiiios working on the Benguet Road ......................................... 29 A foundry on the Bgnguet road .............................. 80 Col. L. W. Kennon with black beard and moustache with some road engineers .......... .... 81 The mountain Igorots as packers . .^........................ 81 A n arch erected a t point of beginning of work ................................. ......... ................. .... 82 Hanns Cliff, near Camp 1% ............................. .... 32 A group of road employes with Col. L. W. Kennon ......................................... .... 84 Slaughter house constructed along the Benguet road ........................... ................. .... 84 Hospital and laborers quarters .................................85 A temporary .systematic rail USed by road employees ._ ..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 Japanese laborers ........ ......................................... .... 86 The Majors headquarters .................. . . . . . . . . . 87 Panoramic view of Twin P e a k s .......... .................... 88 Col. Lyman W. Kennon with some road officers 89 Gov. WilliMU Pack with Sortie r*i engineers and officials ................................. .... 40 A bridge a t Camp 4, in 1904 .................................... 41 Negro Quarters a t Camp Boyd ................................ 42 A bridge a t Camp 4 % .................... ....................................................48 One of the timber briges ......................................... 48 Stone walling, widening of road .................... .... 44 Provisions each ration day ................................. .....48 A considerable force of work ............................... .... 45 Houses built along the road. Most of the hauling by natives ....................... Band playing on the road, Igorot laborers a t Loakan . . . ................... 47 Stores constructed along the road . *.......................48 A bridge being constructed .................................... The Zib-zag road and a large number of laborers jv Among the first Wagons ........................... ........... The five stanleys in 1909 ..................................... ..Gov.-Gen. T aft with Gov. W. Pack .............. .....Jg Gov. Pack with Benguet presidents .......................J J Some members of the Philippine Com. . . . . . . Baguio in 1904 ................................... ........... . The Burnham Plan ............................................ Baguio Country Club in 1907, 1909 .................. F irst const, cottages, Pines Hotel ................... The Wagon Train, Gov. T a ft in Baguio with Igorot Children ...................... Early buildings a t John Hay .............................. Gov. Forbes and Gov. T a ft in B a g u io ................ Geri. Franklin Bell, Bontoc soldiers Mirador Hill, Brent Church, E aster School# Brent School, Catholic Church . . .................. The Baguio Gen. Hospital and its graduates in Nursing, 1929 ................ Teachers Camp in 1916, Camp playground, teachers taking launch ---- * :;* ' I k l ' a * Closed view of the Camp, Boys Band in 1916... Ameriean Teachers, Baseball players with Mr. MacCann ..................................... . Socail affair a t Teachers Camp. The Camp in 1930 ...... .................................. Teachers Camp Band in 1920, the Bua String Band .......................................... J5 Jjj Jj
71
MINING COMPANIES
Itogon-Suyoc Mines .................................................. Baguio Gold Mining Company ........................... The Philex Story ................................................. 200 2W 208
PRIVATE SCHOOLS
E aster School ............... ........................................... Brent School ....................................................... . Baguio Tech a . . * * .................................................. Baguio Military Institute . . *...................... . Saint Louis College ................................................ Saint Theresas -College ** . . ................................ The Naguilina Academy ....................................... The Phil. Bible CoUege ...................................... *21 222 224 227 228 231 284 384
PICTORIAL ILLUSTRATION
F ather of Baguio .................................................... Governor-General Forbes a t the old Baguio Station ................................................ Residence of Governor-General Forbes a t Top-Side, Baguio . . . ................................. Gov. Forbes with Gov. T aft a t his Baguio residence Top-Side ....... ................... Gov. Forbes a t the B. Country C lu b ........... .. Governor-General5Forbes official residence . . . . Governor Forbes with his cabinet members . . Philippine map in 1774 ...................................... Spnaish officers a t La Trinidad ......................... Map of Baguio in 1918 ....................... ............... Baguio, the site selected -by the Spanish Commission ..................... . The American Cavalry in the hills of Benguet ....................................................... American expedition pacifying the unrest of Benguet ....................................................... Cedan chairs -in those pioneer days .................. The Bells in Sablan ..................... ...................... Panoramic view of La Trinidad ......................... Philippine Commission members under the Pines . . . . . . . . . ............................. ^ 6 6 6 7 8 10 12 It 18 14 14 16
72
Zo To 7 80 81
V II
Wagon T rain of the Bal and the Stanleys with chimneys ..................... 82 The old Baguio station and the finished Zig-zag Road ......................... . . . . 84 Slide a t the Benguet Road and the Naguilian Road .. . . . . . . . . ........... ........... 86 Dean Worcesters residence, former governors residence . . ........... . . ......... 86 Back view of Mansion House, Baguios commercial dist. ............. .......... . . 87 The World Touring Hupmobile . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 City Council with Judge Malcolm, Old City Hall ....................................*........... 90 Mayor A. D. Williams with City officials and employees ................................. 92 Mayor C. Dandois with City officials and employees ............................... W Mayor Dandois w ith P. Works employees, Mayor E. Haisema with city officials and employees ................. . 96 On the retirem ent of Mayor E. Haisema, W. Ryan ploting the cemetery .................. 97 ' "Baguio's Finest under Major Keith, Fire Departm ent Force ln__1917 .................. 98 The entire Police Force in 1937 . . . . . . . . . . . . 99 Session Road in 1912, the Burnham Park, construction of Abanao Road .......... 100 Work on Burnham Park, the Dog Market, firs t buildings along the M arket in 1918 . . 102' The Government Center. Baseball game a t Burnham P ark ............................................ 104 The Phil. Constabulary School, Gen. Nathorst, Duckworth-Ford, and Col. Livingstone a t Camp T. Allen .......................................... 106 Brig Gen. H. T. Allen Actg. Gov. B ut* Mayor Earnshaw ...................................... .. 107* Gen. Holbrook, Student officers ......................... 108 Arrival of F irst Aerial Taxicab, and a group of pilots ..................... .......... 109 View of the M arket in 1916 and its oldest building .......................................... 110 Baguio F a ir Association ......................................... 112 Session Road in 1921, the Valles Stables, and the Stone Market ........... 114 Constructed buildings a t th e site of the pre-w ar Mt. Supply, partial view of Baguio in 1930 ................................................ 116. N orthern Luzon F air Ass., Rizal Day in 1917 . . 118 1923 Baguio Carnival Exposition* Its Board of Directors ............................. . 120 Chainus, Rizal Day Muses, the Empress and Queens .................................. . 122 Carnival queen of 1923, Otto Schoorer, .. the BAL muses .............................................. 123 Igorot diggings. Woman with stone crusher, Igorot miner, Woman panning gold dust, another system of early mining. 124 E. A. Shelvin w ith Igorot miners, First gold pouring, Pioneers who blazed the tria l 126 John Muller and James Chamber, the Headwaters, L arry Wilson ............ 127 C. Patrick Dugan the ten-stamp mill of Benguet, pre-w ar Balatoc ......................... 128 Pre-w ar Cal H orr Mines, pre-w ar Baguio Gold, pre-war Benguet Mines ..................... 129 Pre-w ar Itogon, pre-war Demonstration, pre-w ar Atok-Big Wedge ............................. . ISO Mrs. Mary A. Marsman in an annual get-together occasion ....................................... 188 Otto Scheerer searching for the Mummy Cave, Dr. and Mrs. Eugene Stafford in th eir garden, Mr. and Mrs. Ryan in horse riding .............................................. . 140 The vsiiting congressional delegation, opening of the Baguio Gun Club, One of the trip s of Mrs. Mary Marsman in Baguio ................................. 141 American Veternas, American Legion Baguio Tost No. 9, installation of p ast officers ...................................................... 142 Baguio Teacher Training Inst., Meetings of the Christian Science orgnaization . . . . 144 M. L. Quezon and visitors to his Baguio residence, a picnic party given by Vice-Mayor Speth ................................. . 145 Officers of the Baguio Lodge ..................... 146
First Filipino Mayor, a lechonada party in honor of S. Bayan ................................ ..164 The City Council in 1940, first arrival of Iloilo-Negros Express .............................. ..166 Baguio before the outbreak of the last war, Baguio Chamber of Commerce, American soldiers at the Cemetery, Baguio after its destruction, a marker of the 130th Infantry 166 Remnants of the Japanese Army, Surrender of Gen. Yamasita, Session Road in 1946 .. 168 A Gallery of Filipino Mayors .............................. ..170 They City Council under Mayor Carino ............ 175 The Inauguration of the City Hall ..................... ..176 The City Council in 1952 .................................. ..176 The City Council under Mayor Lopez ............. ...177 The City Council under Mayor Tabora ................ 178 A- beB6iop-or-tne an-eiected members -----------------------of the City Council ....................................... .. 179 Map of Baguio Today ........................................ ...183 View of Baguio today ..................... ........................ 184 Some Baguio beauties ........................................ ....189 John Hay Air Uase views ...................................292
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES
Gov. Gen. W. Cameron Forbes ........................ Col. Lyman W. Kennon ........................................ W. Howard Taft. Gen. Luke E. W right . . . . Dean C. Worcester, Otto Scheerer .................... H. P. Whitmarsh, Gov. William Pack ............. Mateo Carino. Sioco Carino ................................ Cuidno Carantes, Molintas ............................... Sungduan, T. Pinas, Wacat Suello ..................... Mateo Carnates, Daroan Pucay ......................... Daniel Hurson Burnham .................................... Justice G. A. Malcolm ................................ Gov. E. A. Echman, E. W. Reynold, .. Charles Dandois ............................................... A. D. Wiliams. E. J. Haisema ........................... Charles H. Brent, Florimond Carlu. George C. Barter ........................................... H. E. Stafford, George Icard, J . J . Murphy . . H. C. Heald, J . D. Highsmith, Joe Rice . . . . John W. Haussermann ........................................ Ja n H. Marsman ..................................................... Mrs. Mary A. Marsman .. ................................. John Muller, W. E. Dosser, George E. Stewart Francisco Yandoc, Basilio Caguioa ..................... F . P. De Romero, P. Pacis, Wong Yip .......... Lam Ping, Casiano Rivera, F. Nacnac . . . . . . Leung Ming, E. M. Valdez, J . D. Lising . . . . F . B. Jalon, Reukitze Hamada ..................... Jo an Gaerlan, Henry Kamora ......................... Xeung Kuan Ling, ................................................. Mauricio Oteyza, Salvador Vallejo ..................... . Teodoro Arvisu, Eugenio P lata ......................... Martin R. Carreon, Sixto Gaerlan, Juan Resurrecion ...................................................... F. Thomas Ryan, Emil Speth ............................. William H. Reese, Arthur E. MacCann, M. R. de los Reyes, Sr.................................... Elmer W. Herold, Pedro Fuentes ..................... L. Lee Wilson. Maximino C. Nebres ............. Felipe Jose, Ramon M i t r a ....................... .. Sergio Bayan ........................................................... Nicasio Valderosa .................................................... Alfonso Tabora ........................................ .............. Bienvenido R. Yandoc ........................................ Luis Lardizabal, Norberto de Guzman ............. Jose Florendo, Benjamin C. Rillera ................. Francisco Mayo, Gaudencio Floresca, Braulio Yaranon .................................. ........... Aurora A. Quezon, F. B. Evangelista Gorgornia R. de Ladines ............................. Teodora G. Casile, Virginia Oteyza ........... Lilian Hamby ................................................. Teodora M. Flores, D. C. Roque ..................... Ethel T. Herold ..................................................... B. Laverene Fertig ................................................ H. a Heald ........................................................... Kenneth F. Jorgensen ............................................ Claudo E. Fertig ................................................... Henry A. Brimo .................................................... W. Robert Hamby, Jose J. Casanovas ............. Leon Manzanillo, Juan B. Zarate ..................... 1 61 62 63 64 66 67 68 69 64 90 91 92 132 133 134 136 136 137 189 148 149 150 151 152 158 154 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 178 179 180 181 182 190 191 194 198 196 1? 198 199 204 207 212 213
VIII
W illiam C am eron F o rb es w as d ire c t ly resp o n sib le fo r th e u p -b u ild in g of B aguio. H e m ore th a n any o th e r o f ficial of th e e arly days le ft a d eep im p rin t of his p e rso n ality as w ell as of official acts. I t w as a case of in te r e s t an d e n th u sia sm ru n n in g sid e by sid e w ith pow er an d resp o n sib ility . In consequence F o rb es laid th e fo u n d a tio n on w hich B aguio has b een b u ilt. He was appoin ted S e c re tary of Com m erce and Police in 1904, th e y e a r th a t D aniel H. B u rn h am m ade th e p lan th a t d iffe re n tia te s B aguio fro m th e re s t of th e w orld. F ro m th e b eg in n in g F o rb e s in sisted on a d h e re n c e to th a t p la n in th e d ev elo p m en t of Baguio. H is ap p reciatio n of b eau ty , h is k n o w le d g e of th e b e n e fits to be d eriv e d fro m parks, his u n d e rsta n d in g of ro ad s w e re co n tro llin g fac to rs in m ak in g the B aguio of today of th e fu tu re Baguio. B efore S ecretary F o rb es b ecam e go v e rn o r-g e n e ra l h e h ad b u ilt topsides. By his exam ple an d so licitatio n o th e r hom es w ere ere c te d by officials and re s id e n ts of th e Islands. H e w as th e o rig in a l Baguio b o o ste r . In 1907 he helped organize th e C o u n try Club C o rp o ratio n and su p p o rte d its early stru g g le s to pro v id e sp o rts a n d re c re a tio n fo r th e re s id e n ts o f th e su m m e r colony. T h ro u g h his in te re s t in th e k in g of sp o rts he gave B aguio its polo field. H e w as back of every m o m en t to p ro m o te th e p le a su re of liv in g in Baguio.
[ 1 ]
W hen V ice-G overnor F o rb es w as ap p o in ted govern o r-g en eral in 1909 his official acts w ere d irec ted to w ard s the d ev elopm ent of B aguio. E a rly in his ad m in istratio n , governm en t c e n te r and th e city h a ll w ere b u ilt. T h a t th e of ficials and em ployes of th e g overn m en t m ig h t w ork u n d e r favorable clim ate conditions d u rin g th e h eated season in M anila be m ade B aguio in deed the S um m er C ap ital. In 1919 B aguio b egan to fu n ctio n a c co rd in g to th e orig in al plan. The B aguio boom w as on. M any p riv ate h o m es w ere also b u ilt d u rin g his period. I t w as in th e F o rb es ad m in istra tio n th a t B aguio roads w e re co n stru cted , th a t tem p o rary b rid g es on th e K en non Road w ere rep laced by m o re p e r m a n e n t s tru c tu re s and th a t p la n s w ere m ad e fo r th e co n stru ctio n an d b e tte r m en t of ro ad s leading fro m M anila to Baguio. H is road policy o f w hich th ese w ere only a sm all p a r t was larg ely resp o n sib le fo r th e develop m e n t and p ro sp e rity of th e P h ilip p in e Islands. W h ile provision w as m ade fo r th e c o n stru c tio n o f M ansion H ouse p rio r to his ap p o in tm en t, G overnor-G eneral F o rb e s w as th e firs t to occupy it. The B aguio City H ospital w as com pleted a t th e sam e period. H is e n th u sia stic en co u rag em en t and coo p eratio n w ere h e lp fu l to G en eral J. F ra n k lin B ell in th e build in g of Cam p Jo h n H ay w hich h as been of such d irc e t b e n e fit by w ay of re c re a tio n to m ilitary an d n a val officers. F ro m th e beginning of his P h ilip p in e service F o rb es was in te re ste d in th e c o n stab u lary w hich w as u n d e r his ad m in istratio n and as S e cre ta ry of C om m erce an d Police, w as larg ely resp o n sib le fo r th e rem o v al of th e school fo r C onstabulary O fficers. T h en th e P h ilip p in e C onstabulary A cade m y fro m M anila to C am p H e n ry T. A llen in B aguio. F o rm e r G ov ernor G en eral F o rb es w as keen ly in te re ste d also in th e n a tiv e peo p le of th e M ountain P ro v in ce a n d m ade m any trip s on horseback ov er th e M onutain T rail to v isit places now accessible by autom obile, to Bontoc Road. N ot th e least of his official accom plishm ents w ere th e frie n d s he
made am ong th e Igorots. In 1914, d u rin g W orld W ar II, he was appointed R eceiver of th e Brazil Railway Company, an e n te rp rise in volving larg e F ren ch , B elgian and B ritish investm ents. He held th is post fo r six years, th e w ork tak in g him to South A m erica and E u ro p e, w here h e visited th e front-line tre n c h e s in F ebruary, 1916, as guest of th e F ren ch Governm ent. In Ju n e, 1917, h e was appo in ted by Covernor Sam uel McCall of M assachu setts a m em ber of a Special Commis sion to In vestigate S treet Railw ay pro blems. W ith G eneral L eonard W ood, he was appointed in M arch, 1921, by P re sid e n t H arding to th e W ood-Forbes M ission of Investigation to th e P h ilip p in e Is lands. A t th e close of th is investiga tion, he visited China an d Ja p a n as guest of th e Chinese and Jap an ese G overnm ents, and received decorations from each (th e O rder of th e G olden G rain fro m China, and th e O rder of the Rising Sun from J a p a n ). A t th e re q u e s t of G overnor Channing H. Cox of M assachusetts, he u n dertook in F eb ru ary , 1922, an in v es tigation of th e S tate P rison, rep o rtin g in N ovem ber of th a t y ear. In 1928, he w rote a h isto ry of th e P h ilip p in es in two volum es. I t is en title d T H E P H IL IP P IN E IS L A N D S . In 1930, P re sid e n t H e rb e rt H oover appointed him C hairm an of th e Com m ission fo r th e Study and Review of C onditions in H aiti. His re p o r t sug gested a successful so lu tio n of the exisling im passe m th e elec tio n of a P resid en t. In Ju n e, 1930, P re sid e n t H oover ap pointed him A m bassador to Japan. D uring h is incum bency, th e Jap an ese invaded M anchuria. He resig n ed th e A m bassadorship in March, 1932. A s C hairm an of th e A m erican Eco nomic Mission in 1935, he v isited Ja pan and to u red an im p o rta n t p a rt of China by air, a t th e in sta n c e of the N ational F o reig n T rade C ouncil of New York. In 1938, he visited Spain as the guest of G eneralissim o F ranco. A ctive in civic a ffairs m o st of his life. G overnor F orbes is a L ife Mem-
[ 2 ]
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On one of his trips to B aguio, W. C. F orbes is seen in the m iddle h old ing a hat w ith cane and surrounded by som e high governm ent o ffieia ls at the B aguio Station.
R esidence of W illiam
b e r E m eritu s of the M assachusetts In stitu te of T echnology C orporation, Ho n o ra ry P re sid e n t ot th e China Society of A m erica, H o no rary V ice-P resident of th e Jap an Society of New York, H on o rary V ice-P residen t of th e M as sach u setts A udubon Society, a Fellow of th e A m erican A cadem y of A rts & Sciences, and a m em ber of th e Col lege of E lectors of the H all of Fam e, N ew Y ork U niversity. He w as fo r se v e ra l years C hairm an of th e B oard of T rustees of the C arnegie In s titu tion of W ashington, and a tru s te e of H am pton In stitu te , H am pton, V irginia. Also, fo r m any y ears he was P re sid e n t of th e B oard of T rustees of th e Mid dlesex School, and a T ru stee of Con cord A cadem y, b o th in C oncord, Mass. H e was an O verseer of H arv a rd U ni v ersity from 1914 to 1920. H e received th e H onorary D egree of r.L D. from H arv ard in 1912; from T rin ity College, H artfo rd , Conn. in 1924; and from B ates College, Lew is ton, Maine, in 1932. U n til advancing years and ill h ealth forced him to resign, he w as a D irec to r of a n u m b er of c o rp o ratio n s, in cluding am ong o th e rs: A m erican Te lep h o n e & T elegraph Co., C om m ercial C red it Co., C opper R ange Co., F irst N atio n al B ank of Boston, A rth u r D. L ittle , Inc., Old Colony T ru s t Co., M assachusetts F ire & M arine In su ran ce Co., P etro leu m H eat & P o w er Co., Stone & W ebster, Inc., a n d U nited F r u it Co. A n a rd e n t polo en th u sia st, he p la y ed th e gam e fo r 45 years, re tirin g a t th e age of 69. He was also in te re ste d 'n golf, hunting, fishing an d yachting. In 1911, he w rote and h ad p riv ately p rin te d th e textbook AS TO POLO, w hich has been tra n sla te d in to seve r a l languages and been sold in m any
narts of the w orld. In 1921, his book THE ROMANCE OF BUSINESS was published (H oughton M ifflin Co.). In 1928, he published th e historical study THE P H IL IP P IN E ISLANDS in two volum es (H oughton M ifflin Co.), which he revised and b ro u g h t up to date in 1945 in a one-volum e, ab rid g ed edition, (H arv ard U niversity P re ss). G overnor F o rb es has been four lim es around th e w orld, and m ade m a ny trip s to C en tral and South A m e rica: as well as E urope. He sp en t his sum m ers at th e fa m ily-owned island of N aushon, off Cape Cod, and has m ade fre q u e n t v i sits to th e fam ily-ow ned ran ch in Wy oming. In 1930, he built a hom e in S ou th ern G eorgia, at T hom asville, w here he sp en t sev eral w inters. This was sold a few years ago, and later, becam e Birdwood Ju n io r College. His unique resid en ce in Norwood, Mass., th e in te rio r w alls of w hich w ere p anelled in d iffe re n t P h ilip p in e h ard woods, w as a show place for m any years. In 1950, he p re se n te d it, w ith polo field and stables, to H a r vard U niversity. In 1955, it w as ac quired by th e U n ited F ru it Company, and converted by th em into a research laboratory, w here im p o rtan t w ork in th e study and develo p m en t of tro p ical p lan ts is now b eing carrie d on. G overnor F o rb e s clubs in clu d ed th e Union, T avern, H arv ard and H arvard T ravellers of Boston, and since 1914 th e S aturday Club of Boston, H arvard of New York, In d ia House, New York, and New Y ork Y acht. He w as a c h a r te r m em ber of th e M anila Polo Club, Manila. He resid ed at th e H otel V endom e, Boston, and rem ain ed a b ach elo r u n til his d eath on D ecember 24, 1959. ------------ o ---------
A lover of sports especially golf, he en joys a chat w ith H oward Taft and a close friend in his B aguio residence.
W illiam
The late W illiam Cameron Forbes in one of his favorite p oses on horseback in front of the then B aguio Country Club w ith W. H. Taft and an interested spectator.
r
r
-ji
Form er G overnor-G eneral of the Philippines w ith his cabinet
i
M ansion H ouse
1
t 6 1
*SS B o**i v
La Trinidad in 1890. Show n above are Spanish officers escorting some Igorot prisoners to the La Trinidad presidencia.
L 8 ]
th e la tte r to resp ect th e F ilipinos in th e term s of peace betw een th e gov e rn m e n t of Spain and th e U nited States. T hus, the F ilip in o A m e ric an W a r broke out. The fig h t covered a p erio d of tw o years. D uring th e latic r p a rt of the w ar, th e A m ericans in 1900 cam e to B enguet, pacified the area. C aptain R obert R. R udd estab'ish e d the governm ent. Owing to the pacific conditions w hich prev ailed in B enguet w hile the re s t of N o rth ern Luzon was e ith er in a condition of in su rrectio n or inter-co m m u n ity feud, 'h is province was the firs t region to secu re civil governm ent. Mr. H.P. W liitm arsh was appoin ted civil g o v er n o r and th e capital w as set up in Baguio. T his was the firs t provincial civil governm ent to be estab lish ed anyw here in .the P hilip p in es. A t first, th e old Spanish p o litical divisions w ere fallow ed and Igorots w ere ap p o in ted as much as possible in th e govern m ent. Thus, Sioco Carifio of B aguio v.as appointed " P re sid e n t of
[ 10 ]
the Baguio rancheria. The p re se n t city of Baguio w ith its su rro u n d in g te rrito ry form ing an enclave, is peopled by two d istinct groups of m ountaineers. In the n o rth ern p a rt and beyond it dw ell Igorots generally know n as K ankanays, while the so u th ern portion is th e home of 1he Ibaloys. The Ibaloys p resen t th e m selves socially as a peaceful and in dustrious trib e whose chief occupation is ag ricu ltu re, husbandry, and m ining. They live g en erally in sm all s e ttle m ents scattered over th e hills and valleys, w ith the exception of a few larger com m unities. A num ber of w ealthy fam ilies stan d out, singly or in groups of a few households, in or near th e m ore im p o rtan t tow nships, and who give to th e trib a l life a d is tinctly p lu to cratic ch aracter. One of the leading figures of the su rrounding country was no o th e r th a n K apitan Mateo C arino. ( C ontinued on page 2 5 )
T here are q u ite a nu m b er of v er sions as to th e origin of B aguios nam e. As p e r Q u iran tes re p o rt on his expedition to the gold mines of Antam og in 1624, Baguio was o fte n r e fe rre d to as Kapagway, m eaning stem o r grassy clearings. It was no t m ore th an a lonesom e ran ch eria sp rin k led w ith a h andful of dw ellings and w hose lone attractio n was a trib u n a o r co u n cil-house in th e center. A version w hich seem s believable is th a t the nam e B aguio was ado p ted fro m the w ord Bah-giw w hich in B enguet dialects m eans moss and from the Inibaloy term bagyu w hich d e notes a subm erged slim y w aterp lan t know n to the T agalog as lu m o t . T his nam e was given to the w atery bottom of the K isad V alley betw een B aguio and La T rinidad. W hen the
S paniards cam e to this place w here th e re was n o th in g b u t sw am ps and fo rests, a few native huts and a b are hillside of p a stu rela n d for c a ttle , they baptized th e placc as B aguio w hich is a g en eral term used in th e A rc h i pelago to m ean typhoon. The S pan iard did not, how ever, fixed the Bah-giw boundary. It was not until the com ing of th e A m ericans that the B aguio b o u n d ary was specified. A m ong th e a reas inclu d ed within the m apped bo u n d ary w ere, namely, P idoan (C oun tr y C lu b ), O rengao (T ea ch e rs C am p ), K afagw ay (C ity H all), Im adayong (B re n t School) A pni (C arino S u b d i visio n ), Minac (B u rn h am P a r k ) , Cav a lju re za (C o n stab u lary H ill), Cam peo (Session R oad), a n d Oligueg (Rock Q u arry).
jl
[ 11 3
The A m erican cavalry, com posed of Am erican N egroes in the hills of Benguet on their w ay to La Trinidad during the early part of 1900. Sitting dow n in front of a sm all house are m em bers of the Amer ican exp ed ition sen t to p acify the unrest in Benguet.
[ 12 ]
In those pioneer days, ccdan chairs carried by m eans of poles on the shoulders of the cargadores w ere the m ost d istin ctiv e m ode of transportation w here trails w ere enough for the horse to pass.
A place in Sablan as seen by D ean W orcester and party. The bells on the ground w ere left there by A guinaldos troops intended for gun m etals for his army.
s h o rt g a th ered a la rg e am ount of v ery v alu ab le d a ta w hich m ore th a n bore opt the s ta te m e n t of S enor Sanchez. W hile W orcester w as in W ash in g to n in 1899, he b ro u g h t up the idea w ith E lih u Root, then S e creta ry o f S ta te and w hile th e second Commission w as
leaving fo r th e P hilippines, S e c re ta ry Root directed th e m em bers to investi g ate th e m a tte r and if th e fa c ts, proved as sta te d , to open up th e country. The Commission upon a rriv a l in the Philippines, delegated G eneral Luke E. W rig h t and W orcester to v isit B enguet
v s
and fam iliarize them selves w ith th e s it uation. They took w ith them H o race L. H iggins, p resid en t of th e M anila and D agupan R ailw ay Co., M a jo r L. M. M aus of the arm y medical corps and D r. F ra n k S. Bourns. M ajor Maus, ta k in g th e la titu d e an d a ltitu d e as a basis of his calcu latio n s before the d e p a rtu re fo r B aguio, de m o n strated th a t th e statem en ts of th e S panish com m ittee w ere n ecessarily false. H e w as, how ever, su rp rised w hen he w as inform ed by a young aid of then Colonel D uval who w as in comm and of the g arriso n in San F ern an d o , L a U nion th a t in T rin id ad some negro soldiers who stationed th ere com plained of th e cold all the tim e and asked fo r all the spare blankets available. W or cester described the trip , thus. G eneral M acA rth u r w as dubious when we expressed a desire to c a rry o ut th e in stru ctio n of the se c re tary of w ar. H e told us th a t th e cou n try w as dangerous, doubtless confusing it w ith B angued, capital of A bra, n e a r w hich th ere w as a t th a t tim e a stro n g and active in su rg en t force. W e insisted on going, so he said th a t he would send a tro o p of cavalry w ith us, and he k ep t his w ord. D u rin g th e la s t week of Ju ly we fin a lly sailed fro m M an ila on a naval vessel fo r S a n F e r nando in th e province of L a U nion. F ro m th is place we expected to go by ro ad as f a r as N ag u ilian , in th e sam e province, an d thence on horse back to T rin id a d and B aguio, in B enguet. W e le ft N ag u ilian e a rly in th e m o r n in g an d stopped fo r lunch a t a little p lace p ro p erly called S ablan, b u t u n o ffic ia lly know n as T he B ells. A guin aldo h ad th o u g h t a t one tim e o f e s ta b lish in g his h e a d q u a rte rs in B e n g u et a n d h ad planned to h av e a g u n fo u n d ry a t S ablan. H is tro o p s acco rd in g ly stole m ost of th e c h u rch bells in th e n eig h b o rin g low land to w n s, m ea n in g to use them fo r gun m etal, and com pelled th e u n fo rtu n a te B en g u et Ig o ro ts to c a r r y them up th e steep tr a il. B oiler pipes, w hich had been used in lieu of c a r r y in g poles, had in sev eral in sta n ce s been b ad ly b e n t out of sh ap e. T h e re w as even old v ertic al boiler w hich h ad been lugged up e n tirely fo r some unknow n reaso n . I t w as still steam in g h o t a t S ab lan , an d th e w hole co u n try sid e w as b u ried in densest tro p ical v eg eta tio n . M ajo r
M'aus w as triu m p h a n t. T h in g s w ere w ork in g o u t ju s t as he had thought. W hen w e w ere a lread y h alfw ay up, we thought t h a t we m ig h t as well continue
cam e o u t into a w onderful region of p in e p ark s. Dr. W orcester described th e ascent. Trees stood on the rounded knolls
<
the jo u rn ey . I had expected to fin d pines and oaks, b u t h a d a n ticip ated th a t th e y would grow am id st a dense tan g le of dam p tro p ica l v egetation. W e w ere lite ra lly dum bfounded w hen w ithin a space of a h u n d re d y ard s we suddenly le ft the tro p ic s behind us and
a t com paratively wide in terv als, and th ere w ere scores of places w here, in order to have a b e a u tifu l house lot, one needed only to c o n stru c t drivew ays and go to w ork w ith a law n m ower. A t the sam e m om ent, d elig h tfu l cold breeze sw ept down from the h eig h ts above us.
L 16 ]
J u s t a t su n set we experienced a se cond su rp rise, com ing out on th e knifesh a rp crest of a ridge, and seeing sp read before u s th e T rin id ad V alley,
aftern o o n , a n d th e sig h t w as one never to be fo rg o tte n . W hen th e p a rty a rriv e d a t T rin id a d th e y received a le tte r fro m Otto
w hich w as shaped like a huge w ash basin. Its floor w as vividly green w ith gro w in g rice. Ig o ro t houses w ere dotted here and th e re over th e ra y s of th e set tin g sun. The a ir had been w ashed clean by the heavy ra in w hich h ad poured down on us th ro u g h o u t th e
S ch eerer, th e only w hite re s id e n t of B en g u et, w ho invited them to m ake th e ir h e a d q u a rte rs a t h is ho u se in B a guio. W e fo u n d conditions exactly a s des cribed in th e S p an ish re p o rt. W o rces te r w rote, th e cou n try w as g e n tly rol
L 17 ]
lin g its elevation ra n g in g fro m 4,500 to 5,200 feet. The hills w ere covered w ith sh o rt, thick g ra s s an d w ith m ag n ific e n t pine tre e s w hich f o r th e m ost
could be found in su fficie n t q u a n tity . We revisited each of th e several sp rin g s discovered and described by the S pa nish comm ittee, b u t decided th a t they
Som e
m embers
of
the
P hilipp ine
Com m ission
resting
p a r t g rew a t considerable distance fro m each o th er w hile alo n g the s tre a m s th e re w ere w o n d erfu l tre e fe r n s and lu x u ria n t ta n g le s of b eau ti f u l tro p ical v egetation. I t took us b u t a sh o rt tim e to decide t h a t here w as an ideal site fo r a fu tu re city , if w a te r [ 18 ]
would be in ad eq u ate to supply a tow n of an y g re a t size. D r. S ch eerer now came to th e fr o n t and guided us to the very th in g th a t we w ere looking for, b u t had h a rd ly d ared hope to fin d ; nam ely a m ag n ificen t sp rin g of crys tal clear w a te r. A t th a t tim e it w as
flow ing n e a rly a million gallons p e r day. I t b u rs t fo rth from a hillside in such m an n er as to m ake its protection from su rface d rain ag e easv. and we de-
th ro u g h P a n g a s i n a n , L a U nion, B eng uet, L ep an to and Ilocos S u r, I had been in tru ste d w ith th e d ra f tin g of le g islation fo r th e g o v ern m en t of th e
cided th a t th e re w as no th in g lacking to make B aguio a n adm irable site fo r th e fu tu re sum m er cap ital and h ealth re so rt of the P h ilip p in es. D uring Ju n e of 1901, p rofessor Moses and I m ade a horseback tr ip accom panied by o u r p riv a te se c re ta rie s
n o n -C h irstian trib es, an d w an ted to le a rn as m uch about them as possible, 30 th a t I could a c t in tellig en tly , W e s ta rte d from D ag u p an m ounted on horses kindly fu rn ish e d us by th e arm y , a n d escorted by fo u r m ounted in fa n try m e n . None of us had rid d en
L 19 ]
fo r y e a rs , and a rm y o fficers w ere fe rin g w ag ers t h a t we would no t as f a r as Baguio. A t M an g ald an a v a lry o u tf it replaced o u r m ounted
of get ca in
exercise on th e trip . H av in g f ir s t v isited th e w ork a t th e low er end of th e B enguet Road and th en trav elled across th e co u n try in a
fa n try m e n , and w hile th e m em bers of o u r new escort w ere re s tin g u n d e r th e shade o f a tre e in th e cem etery , I h e ard them voicing jo y fu l a n tic ip a tio n s of th e easy tim e th ey w ere to have tra v e llin g w ith te n d e rfe e t. I m ade up my m ind to give th em some h e a lth fu l [ 20 1
d riv in g storm over w retched tra ils , we reach B auang, o u r p o in t of d e p a rtu re fo r th e in te rio r. H ere I called th e ser g e a n t in ch a rg e and asked him w ere the e x tra shoes fo r o u r horses w ere. In some confusion he confessed th a t he had b ro u g h t none, w hereupon I read
him a hom ily on the duties of a ca valry m an , and sen t th e whole o u tfit to San F ern an d o to g et th e horses re shod and provided w ith e x tra shoes fo r
h a d found re fu g e in th e house of M r. O tto Scheerer, a hospitable G erm an. The cavalrym en and th e h o rses go t ir. u n d e r th e b uilding. I t gave m e g re a t
th e trip . W e a rriv ed a t B aguio in a how ling typhoon. W hen we em erged fro m the hills into the open, and o u r horses got fu ll sweep of th e storm , they a t f ir s t refu sed to face it. We forced them in to it, how ever, and a few m om ents la te r
jo y to h e a r th ro u g h th e flo o r th e voice of the se rg e a n t re m a rk in g , w ith much em phasis of th e so rt best re p rese n te d in p rin t b y dashes, th a t if he had know n th e so rt of a tr ip he w as s ta r t in g on he w ould have been on sick re p o rt th e m o rn in g of his d e p a rtu re . [ 21 ]
On
The Session Road of 1900 w hich w as m erely a pasture land of the natives.
The arrow on the left points to the site of the then Baguio Sa The arrow on the right points to the Spanish G overnors House which
TARIUM, BAGUIO
: befo re the ship w as p erm itted to sail fo r San F ernando. L aborers w illing to go could n o t be obtained ex cep t a t an increase of the ra te paid in Ma nila P ack ages and boxes o f tools an d m aterials, such as shovels, picks, saws, axes, nails flexible roofing, h ard w are, and subsisten ce supplies of rice, fish, tea, etc., w ere sen t u p by ship to San F ern an d o d e La U nion, th en ce tra n sp o rte d by arm y m ule team s 12 m iles to N aguilan, and th e re repacked so th a t no single package w eighed m ore th a n 60 or 70 pounds, th e m axim um load w hich the Ig o rro te polistas o r c a rrie rs a re w illing to carry over th e 29-m ile tra il to Ba guio. The g re a te st d ifficulty w as exp erien ced in g ettin g a sufficient n u n r ber of polistas to c a rry this m a te ria l, all of w hich did not a rriv e a t B aguio fo r several weeks. A fte r th e arriv al o f th e m en th e firs t few days w ere sp en t in constru c tin g a suitable shack, or rough building fo r living q u arters. T h e w hole p arty w ere th en p u t to w ork fellin g pine tre e s and sawing th em in to boards and dim ension tim ber.
| j L f t
1
I ; I
Baguio's first Sanitarium intended as a recuperation center for go v ern m ent em ployees.
initarium w h ich later becam e the site of the pre-w ar I w as later used by Gov. Pack as his residence.
P in es
H otel.
A n exam ination of th e p rem ises at th is tim e by th e ch ie f of th e b u reau , follow ed by a co n su ltatio n w ith th e h o n o rab le th e se c reta ry of p u b lic in stru ctio n , led to th e reco m m en d atio n th a t th e sa n itariu m b u ild in g b e en la rg e d and rep aired . T h e g en eral c h a ra c te r of the c o n stru c tio n is su
and roofs, as w ell as th e floors, are laid w ith 1-inch boards, all sawed by hand, and th e floors an d sideboarding sm oothed off, tongued and groov ed The constru ctio n of th e cottages is the sam e as th a t of th e sanitarium . The roof b oarding is covered with p a te n t flex ib le asp h altic roofing.
T he delays in tran sp o rtin g supplies a n d m aterial w ill, in th e n e a r fu tu re, he lessened by th e estab lish m en t of a pack tra in of ponies from S an F ern ado to Baguio, u n d e r th e c o n tro l of th e Philippine constabulary.
------------------------------o ----------------------------
n e se tra d e rs have invaded th e dis tr ic t w ho cam e w ith silks and o th e r p ro d u c ts fo r b a rte r. The S pan iard s, th o u g h h e re fo r cen tu ries and pos sessed know ledge th a t th e re w as gold in th is m o u n tain s n ever sp e n t a c e n t in th e d evelopm ent of th e
its completion.
(C ontinued fr o m page 10 ) T he P residenia of Baguio Rancheria was firs t established in th e house of C am pulet a t th e to p of th e now T abacalera Road, situ ate d a t th e lower end of Guisad V alley on th e old raod com ing over th e hill from La T rinidad. The S pan iard s spelt B agyiu as Baguio an d so nam ed the w hole Rancheria. L ater, th e p resid en tia was moved to th e place w here the fish m arket is now situ ated , and th e n to large ho u se of M ateo C arino situ ated where th e p re s e n t City H all now stands. F a r beyond th e Spanish occupa tion th e gold m ines in the region w ere w orked by Igorots. and Chim ines. The Ig o ro ts w ould b rin g in gold in d u st som etim es co arse w hich th e S p an iard s w ould gladly p u rch a se th e ir p rices n e v er exceeding 7 p e sos p e r ounce The S p an iard s to som e ex ten t, oc cup ied p o rtio n s of th e te rrito ry and w orked th e gold m in es w ith Igorots. A few E u ro p e a n s follow sd, b u t sys te m a tic occupation w as m ade u n til la te in th e 19th cen tu ry . B asing on G u illerm o Galveys d ia ry his firs t exped itio n in th is reg io n re v e a ls also his asto n ish m en t and d e lig h t th a t upon reach in g this region h e saw w ith en th u siasm the carefullysep a ra te d and 'fa ile d fields grow ing (C o n tin u ed on page 6 7 ) L 25 ]
CONSTRUCTION OF
(Excerpts from the report of Major L.
T h ere a re h o tte r p laces th a n the low lands of th e P h ilip p in e s-'-h o tte r p laces th an M anila b u t th e r e is none w h ere th ere is such a n e v e r ending, boundless co n tin u ity o f h eat, day in an d day out, w eek a fte r w eek, m onth a fte r m onth, th ro u g h o u t th e w hole cycle of th e y ear none w hich so insiduously saps th e v itality and relax es th e springs of energy n ativ e to men from colder clim ates. O ur tro o p s suf fered from th e effects of it, and search v/as made fo r som e cool sp o t in the islands w h ere convalescing invalids could reg ain stre n g th and vigor. The W ar D ep artm en t d irec ted th e reg i m en ts a fte r tw o o r th re e y e a rs service should be re tu rn e d to A m erica. Staff officers w ere n o t to serv e m ore than tw o years in this en e rv a tin g clim ate. C onvalescing invalids w ere se n t to Correg id o r, to China, to Ja p a n , and to A m erica to reg ain h e a lth an d stre n g th M any who could n o t affo rd su ch a chan g e becam e chron ic in v alid s or died. T h ere w ere no new conditions b ro u g h t a b o u t by A m erican occupa tion Our Spanish p re d ecesso rs suf-
fered in like m a n n e r and so u g h t some place in th e P h ilip p in e Islan d s w here a n in v ig orating clim ate and re lie f from th e endless tro p ic a l h eat of th e low lands m ight b e found. A fte r th re e cen tu rie s of occupation and observation th e y fixed upon Baguio, in th e pro vince of B enguet, as one p lace m ost nearly .tilling a ll of th e re q u ire d con ditions. S itu ated about 5,000 feet above sea level, on th e so u th w estern co rn er of th e m ountain system of n o rth e rn Luzon, its rolling, tu rf-co vered hills, stu d d ed th ick w ith fra g ra n t pines, sw ept by all th e breezes th a t blow e ith e r from th e n o rth or south o r e a st o r west, w ith a low m ean a n n u a l te m p e ratu re an d oc casional touch of fro st B aguio seem ed indeed an id eal haven of refu g e from th e to rrid plains in w hich th e principal tow ns and business cen te rs o f the islands a re located. The p la te au enjoying all th e se ad vantages was, how ever, m ost difficult o f access. The f i r s t explorers reached it only by follow ing the steep , slip pery, d an g ero u s and obscure tra ils of th e native igo rro te. To m ake the
tem porary
hanging
bridge b u ilt in
Camp
>
highlands of B en guet accessible to th e w hite man, th e Spaniards, tow ards th e end of th e last c e rtu ry , b u ilt a h o rse tra il from N aeuilian to T rinidad and
B aguio and planned an extensive sani ta riu m and o th e r b uildings of Baguio. In s u rre c tio n and w ar p rev en ted the c a rry in g out of th e project. r -7 ]
A ll su pp lies w ere hau led from D agupan to Twin P eak s over the provincial roads and the com pleted portion of the B enguet Road.
Soon a fte r th e A m erican occupation th e m anifest need of some such in stitu tio n was recognized and th e Gov e rn m e n t decided to carry in to effect as soon as p racticab le th e plan s of its p redecessors. B aguio could practicaily be reach ed only from San F e rn a n do and N aguilian, n ec e ssita tin g a sea tr ip of tw en ty -fo u r hours fro m M ani la and two o r th re e davs of h o rseb ack
trav el over a steep tra il b u ilt by th e Spaniards in 1892. In th e sto rm y sea son steam ers w ere freq u en tly a week in going from M anila to San F e rn a n do. E vidently such a trip was q u ite im possible fo r invalids n o t convales cent. Then, too, th e en terp risin g A m er ican v o lun teer so ld ier in scouting th ro u eh the m ou n tain s found eviden
No one w ho did not visit the country before the road w as constructed can form an adequate idea of the d ifficu lties of supplies. The upper cam ps w ere reached only by perilous trails w h ich a s c e n d e d a n d descended the precipitious slopes of the canyon w alls, over cliffs, to scale w h ich ropes and ladders w ere necessary. The river at low w as forded; at high w ater rude bridges or logs w ere used. A man's life depended on su reness of foot and coolness of head. In hun dreds of places a m isstep meant death.
ces of m ineral w ealth. The Ig o rro tes m ade im plem ents of copper, m ined and w orked by them selves. Gold was w ashed by them from th e beds of creeks. P rospectors w ere locating and developing claim s w hich gave p ro m ise of proving very valuable. T h ere was a call fo r im proved tra n sp o rta tion facilities fo r Baguio, and th e Ci vil Comm ission, by its A ct No. 2, of S eptem ber 12, 1900, authorized a su r vey fo r a railroad w hich should con n ect D agupan, the term in u s of th e M anila and D agupan Railway, w ith Baguio. T he survey was m ade u n d er th e rlirection of C aptain C. W. Mead, T h ir ty-six U.S. V olunteer In fantry, w ho rep o rted also th a t a w agon road could be quickly constructed from P o zo rru bio to B aguio th ro u g h th e Bued Ri ver Canyon fo r $75,000, U nited S tates currency. The Comm ission, th e re fo re by its A ct No. 61, dated D ecem ber 21, 1900, au th o rized the construction of th e road, ap p ro p riated $75,000 fo r th e purpose, and d irected th a t it be p u sh ed to com pletion by Ju ly 1, 1901. T he
new ro ad it w as e stim ated w ould be a b o u t 35 m iles ir. len g th , a n d w ould co nnect a t th e n o rth e rn en d w ith th e c ld t r Spanish road fro m T rin id ad to Baguio, and a t th e so u th e rn end w ith th e p rovincial road n e a r Pozorrubio. W ork was begun on th is end on Jan u ary 15, 1901, u n d e r th e d irectio n o f L ieut. F ran cis H. Lom ax, F o rty second U.S. V olunteer, Inf., th e la b o rers b ein g Ig o ro ts w ith A m erican forem en. On Jan u a ry 16, 1901. con stru ctio n a t th e so u th en d w as begun nt A gaat, fro m w hich p o in t th e ro a d w as opened tow ard P ozo rru b io . Con nection was m ade w ith a p o in t on th e P o zo rru b io -A lfv a highw ay called B abunan, d ista n t ab o u t 6.4 m iles from A guat and 3 m iles fro m Pozorrubio. By Ju ly 1, it was re p o rte d th a t 9-1/2 m iles of roadw ay h ad been opened u p , in clu d in g th e im p ro v e m e n ts of existing tra ils fro m A gu at to th e m outh of th e canyon of th e Bued R iver. In th e canyon itse lf b u t little .vork had been co m p leted . T he d iffi cu lties of constru ctio i. had b een v ery m uch u n d e re stim a ted . In s te a d of e a rth .
the Benguet Road.
i 'w i i m
'I' i
A i,
T he B enguet road was a harbor of re fu g e fo r all o f th e u n em p lo yed of the P hilippines. T here w ere rep resen ta tives o f iti n a tio n s at w o rk on th e road. There w ere N o rth A m e r i
can, Indians, H auaiians, M exicans, P e ruvians, Chileans, H indus, Chinese, Ja panese, Russians, G erm ans, Irish, E n glish, F rench, Sw edes, E tc., all w o rk ing harm oniously together.
ro c k had been en c o u n te re d and it is s ta te d th a t an am o u n t eq u al to th e w hole ap p ro p riatio n w as su b seq u en tly ex p en d ed in m aking a ro ad b ed along th e firs t cliff a t th e can y o n s e n tra n c e . L abor w as scarse, u n tra in e d , unw illing, and ex trem e ly d iffic u lt to p ro cu re. It is p leasan t to re f e r to th e co r d ial re la tio n s ex istin g b etw een p ro v in cial and road au th o ritie s. G over n o r W illiam P ack w as alw ays read y to len d w hatever aid he could and took g re a t in te re st in th e p ro g ress of th e w ork. W hile his ju risd ictio n ex te n d e d over all th e co u n try occupied by th e w orking force, he p ractically le ft its ad m in istratio n to th e officer in charge, a course w hich avoided fric tio n and was in th e in te re st of th e e n te rp rise . T he ra in y season com ing on, w ork w as suspended fo r th e tim e being. C ap tain Mead w as ap p o in ted city e n g in e e r of M anila, and Mr. N. M. H ol m es w as appointed ch ief en g in e e r of th e B en g u et road, on A ugust 20, 1901. Mr. H olm es took hold of th e w ork
O ne of the foundries
w ith energy and pushed th e c o n stru c tion along so th a t by Ja n u a ry 1, 1902, he was able to re p o rt open fo r tr a vel to a p o in t about 10 m iles n o rth of B abunan and from Baguio ab o u t 8 miles south, leaving a gap of a b o u t 17 miles, on w hich som e work had been done fo r about 5 miles. In July, 1902, he re p o rte d as opened up suf ficient fo r wagon tra v e l an ag gregate of a b o u t 32 m iles. A horse tra il had also been m ade fo r ab o u t 6 m iles, while 6 m iles w ere im passable fo r horse o r vehicle. T he road opened u p was by no m eans a finished road, b u t th e ro a d bed had been ro u g h ly blocked out and was passable fo r carts. The w ork fo r th e follow ing y e a r seems to have consisted largely in w idening, ditching, and m etaling th e road re p o rte d as opened up, in the construction of b iid g es and culverts, and in rep airin g th e dam age done by floods in th e rain y season. A bridge over th e Bued R iver w as w ashed out and was rep laced by a horse tra il of 135 fe e t span, th e lu m b e r fo r which,
the construction of the
3o
Col. L. W. K ennon w ith black beard and m oustache in front of h is in Camp 4. In the sam e group are som e road officers.
house
as fo r all bridges, was sawed by hand. T he u p p er section of th e ro ad had su ffered severely, and slides develop ed w hich carried away the ro ad b ed and caused the abandonm ent of th a t portion of the road. Several m iles of rock w ork w ere th u s throw n aw ay. The w ork had been well done and stands well today, except in th e valley
The m ountain
of E m erald C reek w h ere th e slides occurred. The n a tu re o f th is c o u n try is su ch th a t it is p ractically im possible to fo retell th e e ffec t of c u ttin g into th e m o u n tain sides. T his was a sm ooth, g rass-co v ered slo p e of n o t u n u su a l ste ep n ess and w ould o rd in a rily be e n te re d w ith o u t h esita tio n . T h e c u t acte d u p o n by to rre n tia l
and a large
Igorots w ere ch iefly used as packers num ber of them w ere em ployed.
Si
rains, developed a m o u n tain or an g u la r fra g m e n ts of rock in clay w ith o u t show ing any bed ro c k u p on w hich a secu re fo undation could b e had. D u rin g th e y ear th e la b o r situ atio n had been as u n satisfa c to ry and d is ap p o in tin g as ever. C h o lera broke ou t and p ractically susp en d ed th e w o rk fo r m onth. Mr. H olm es re p o rte d th a t desp ite agents, le tte rs, and p erso n al appeals to th e sources fro m w hich o u r lab o r is draw n, no re s u lt w as o btain ed, and th e w ork had b een su ffered to d ra g along, so crip p led by th e lack of lab o r as to m ake th e m ost u n sa tisfacto ry progress, costing, as w ell, co nsid erably m ore th a n w ould have been necessary by h aving a steady, re g u la r supply of su ffic ie n t lab o r to p ro p erly d is trib u te am ong th e various cam ps, and so allow an econom ical organization of office and a d m in istra tive fo rc e . On Ju n e 30, 1903, Mr. H olm es r e po rted th e road passab le fo r w agons from th e beginning a t th e south end to 14 m iles n o rth and fro m B aguio 5 m iles south, w ith sev eral sm all pieces of roadw ay an d ho rse tr a il opened up betw een th o se lim its. A lthough the w oik had been ca rrie d on u n d e r g re a t d iffic u ltie s and w ith m any disap p o in tin g setb ack s, it had not p ro g ressed w ith a speed satis factory to th e C om m ission, w hich was [ 32 ]
th e
road
as
In a m eeting of Ju n e 1, 1903, a r e solution was adopted by th e P h ilip pine Commission en u m e ra tin g th e po licy to m ake Baguio th e Sum m er Ca pital of th e A rchipelago, to e re c t su it able buildings a t th a t place, and to co n stru ct a wagon ro ad fro m Naguili* an to Baguio. The Comm ission placed M ajor L. W- K ennon, T en th In fa n try , U.S A rm y, to take ch a rg e of th e im provem ents in th e B en g u et Province, including th e con stru ctio n of th e B enguet road. The sam e reso lu tio n provided th a t th e bed of th e B enguet road should be so co n stru cted as to be available fo r th e use of a railro a d . A nother, of Ju ly 2, 1903 d irected th e laying o u t of th e gro u n d s in th e town of Baguio, placing th is w ork also un-* d er th e d irectio n of M ajor K ennon. U n d er th e head of Im provem ents n B enguet P ro v in ce w ere at once or?an;zed th re e sep arate e n terp rises, viz the survey and co n stru ctio n of th e N aguilian road. Mr. E. L. H ealth was appointed ch ief en g in e e r of th e Neguilian survey and Mr. G. H. H ayard of the B aguio im provem ents. Mr. Hol mes was re ta in e d as chief en g in ee r of the B enguet road. W ork on th e la te r far tran scen d ed the o th ers in im m edi ate im p o rtan ce, and a fte r sta rtin g th e
H anns Cliff, near Camp 1-1/2, sh ow ing com m encem ent of w ork, F eb ruary 23, 1904. Several parties of native laborers on reaching the top of the cliff looked over the edge and turned back, refusing to go farther.
>
w o rk on th em th e officer in ch arg e estab lish ed his h e a d q u a rte rs a t Twin P e a k s and assum ed th e p e rso n al di re c tio n of w ork on th e B en g u et road in th e m iddle of A u g u st 1903. T he o fficer in charg e h ad new con d itio n s and new pro b lem s to m eet. T h e road co n stru c te d up to th is tim e h a d been fo r o rd in ary w heel tra n sp o rt
ta tio n only, an d was p racticab le to r c a rts as fa r as Twin P eaks. Indeed, a fte r en terin g th e canyon, th e road w as a c art ro a d ra th e r th a n a wagon road. It had m any steep adverse and tu rn s too sh arp fo r heavy loaded wa gons draw n by m ore th a n a p a ir of anim als. I t w as in no way fitte d fo r use as the bed of a railw ay. On a
A n u m b er of m e n w ere killed, by fa lling over the cliffs. A considerable n u m b er w ere droioned the m o st se rious accident of th is character re s u lt b rie f visit to th e ro ad in Ju ly it was found th a t no surveys existed w hich could be utilized in m aking e stim ates fo r the construction of im m ediate su r veys w ere ord ered fo r th a t purp o se. T hese o rd ers anticip ated th e reso lu tion of th e Comm ission of D ecem ber 23, 1903 d irectin g th e officer in ch arg e to m ake his surveys, plans, and spe cifications fo r an elec tric railro ad bed w ith a w idth of 14 feet. In th e expectation of secu rin g a larg e n u m b er of w orkm en, executive and adm inistrative d ep artm en ts w ere a t once organized and p u t into p ra c tical w orking order. A teleg rap h line from Twin P eak s to D agupan was co n stru cted by th e constabulary at the e a rn e st re q u e s t of the officer in charge, and all of th e m ain cam ps on th e ro ad w ere con nected by telephone, w ith h ead q u a r ters a t Twin Peaks. The telep h o n e line was extended to Baguio, and en abled th e en tire w ork to be d ire cte d and controlled from th e main office. T h e Com m ission h ad expressed a desire to have the w ork com pleted as
ing f r o m th e c r o w d in g o f s o m e J a p a n ese on a l i g h t f o o tb r id g e , w h ich broke Under t h e i r w e ig h t , p r e c ip itc tin g them frtto th e sw o llen river. soon as possible, an d e ffo rt w as at once m a d e to in crease th e fo rce of labor. In Ju n e , 1903. th e n u m b e r of m en on th e road w as 173. T his w as in creased rap id ly u n til it rea c h e d a b o u t 4,000, w hich was c o n sid e re d th e m axim um n u m b e r th a t could be w o rk ed to ad v an tag e at any one tim e w ith o u t too g re a tly in crea sin g th e d iffi cu lties an d cost of tra n sp o rta tio n of supplies. T he w ork was so placed as to en ab le th e cam ps to b e m oved fo r w ard in echelon, k eep in g th e m o st re m o te cam ps a t a d istan ce o f not m ore th a n 4 m iles fro m a d ep o t or from w h eel tran sp o rta tio n . In th e firs t d istrib u tio n of th e force, cam ps w ere o rganized a t Twin P eaks, cam ps 3 and 4, a n d tw o in te rm e d ia te p o in ts called 2 - 1 / 2 an d sub4 A t cam p 4 was a c liff 900 fe e t in len g th , o n , w hich a g re a t am o u n t of n ecessarily slow w ork had to be done. A co n sid erab le force w as p u t a t w ork on this cliff in o rd e r to p re v e n t a blocking of th e ro ad w hen c o n s tru c t ion should re a c h th a t point. The m ain force was c o n c e n tra te d
35
b etw een Twin P e a k s and Cam p 3, and by F eb. 1, 1904, th e la te r cam p was accessible by ca rts, th u s lessening m a te ria lly th e b u rd e n of tra n sp o rt in g supplies. The g re a te r p a rt of th e fo rce w as th en m oved fo rw ard and cam ps estab lish ed betw een cam ps 3 an d 4. T hese m ovem ents of th e w ork
ing fo rce w ere m ade successively. A cam ping place w as selected in ad vance, and a d etac h m en t was sen t fo rw ard to build th e n ecessary q u a r ters, storehouses, etc. The road w ork a t th e old cam p com pleted, th e new one was occupied, th e m en carry in g tools and ratio n s on th e ir backs. In
A tem porary system atic rail used by toad em ployees along B enguet Road.
On Septem ber 16, 1904, I m ade my m o u n tain s, and began th e a sc e n t, th e f i r s t tr ip to B aguio, going up w ith M r scen ery becom ing still m ore b e a u tifu l H . L. H iggins, of th e railro a d , in h is p ri th o u g h d iffe re n t. T he ro ad w as atro ciou s. v ate car, and accom panied by M ilstead, T h e re is a g re a t w ork to be done th e re . w ho w as the disb u rsin g officer o f the To Cam p O ne th e ra in b e g an to com e road. U nder d a te of Septem ber 17, my down in to rre n ts and we w ere soon d renched to th e skin. The ro a d , w hich J o u rn a l continues: S ta rte d e a rly (fro m D ag u p an ) and fro m h e re passed th ro u g h a m o u n tain rode a China pony w ith arm y sad d le to g orge, v ery p ictu resq u e to see, b eg a n to T w in Peaks, th irty -o n e miles. R oad in te be th e la n d in g place fo r n u m ero u s w a te r re s tin g as possible, thickly settled on both fa lls, and th e pony, sh y in g o u t to m iss sides and s tre e t crowded w ith people and th e fa ll n e a r th e rock, d id n t a lw ay s re tra ffic , much bound fo r Twin P e a k s w ith m em ber th a t it m ig h tn t be good fu n to s t u f f fo r the B enguet road. T h is is c a r go over th e precipice on th e o u tsid e in to ried in two-wheeled c a rts draw n b y plod th e riv e r th a t boiled below. COLONEL K E N N O N S W ORK d in g oxen or carabaos, w hich go one m ile a n h o u r when th ey a re in a h u r r y and A t T w in Peaks, Colonel K ennon h ailed lie down when th e y re n o t or w hen th ey us an d le ft o u r poor leg-w eary p o n ies and can g et into w a te r. We forded a fin e ri took his fin e s m a rt A m erican d riv in g v er and revelled in th e tropical a p p e a r horse an d buggy and drove on u p , ins ance of the road lined w ith b a n a n a and p ectin g th e w ork as we w an t. F ro m T w in coconut trees an d occasional h u g e m a n P e ak s up, th e w ork is th e M a jo rs a n d he goes o r other tre e s I couldnt id e n tify . is ju s tly proud o f h is achiev em en t. W e We stopped a t P ozorrubio fo r lunch and saw h is b ridges an d c u lv erts, a n d drove th en rode on g e ttin g p resently to th e over a sw in g in g suspension b rid g e. A t one
The M ajors headquarters at Camp 4.
place n e a r w h a t is called The Devils S lide from th e num ber of men th a t have been killed on it, we cam e n e a r being tip p e d over th e c liffs ourselves, my w arn in g to th e d riv e r m aking h im p u ll u p w ith h is w heel a g a in s t th e rock, which, if i t h ad tip p ed us over, w ould have sen t us g a ily w hack to o u r long re st. C am p P o u r is the M a jo rs h ead q u ar te r s a n d we h ad to stop an d w alk over a little sw inging bridge, th e n inspected th e q u a rte rs , and fin ally clim bed to hi? house. A m ag n ificen t looking S ikh in b loodred tu r b a n and w o n d erfu ll black b e a rd an d m oustache drew up h is six feet o f fig u re and saluted, and a s we tu rn e d th e c o rn e r o f th e house a band b egan to play. Inside th e house w ere tw o delight fu l F ilip in a g irls, sw eet frie n d ly . One a b o u t th irte e n , an o rp h an , R osa, had been g iv e n to M ajo r K ennon, w ho m akes h er do a little house w o rk ; an d th e other, M a ria , and h e r husband live and care fo r h im w ith o u t being w illing to accep t pay. T h e o th e r o ffic e rs of th e fo rce cam e up fo r d in n e r and we had a v e ry g ay eve
nin g w ith fine sin g in g by th e Colonel and a M r. Jenkins, a co n tra c to r th ere. The life of it all is the M ajor. E very week he goes over every fo o t of th e w ork an d it m eans a n a stly climb fo r him some w h ere betw eeneach o f his six or eight c a m p . H uge lines of bullock c a rts go stru g g lin g th ro u g h the m ud from D agu pan to Tw in P eak s and th o u sand s of pounds are tak en on th e backs of Igorots, m en, women, and children, to supply the d iffe re n t camps. E veryone loves th e M a jo r, He is th e g re a t m oving sp irit. T hey come to him w ith th e ir woes and w ith th e ir joys. H e provides a band and sees th a t they have fie sta s and bailes. A lit tle while ago th e men learn ed th a t the M ajo r had m ade a bet th a t p a r t of th e w ork would be fin ish ed e x tra ho u rs, n ig h t and day, and when th e p a rty finally rode over the com pleted p a rt, th e re w as a sm ile fo u r m iles long and m any of the sm iles had w orked all n ig h t before.
WORK INSPECTED
S atu rd ay , Septem ber 18, 1904. W alked w ith the M ajor over the w ork. G angs of
5%
Col. L. W. K ennon w ith black beard and m oustache and F ilip in a takes care of him and do a little hou se w ork for som e road officers.
A
girls w ho
^ 7
panoram ic view show ing the officers and em p lo y es quarters at T w in P eak s.
road
engineers
of
the
B enguet
Road
On
the
400, located a t d iffe re n t cam ps, a re orkin g on th e d iffe re n t sections. W e re ac h ed D ow ds cam p a fte r a stiff clim b an d fin ish e d M ilstead, w ho lay down an d was le ft. Dowd had p lan n ed to sa lu te u s by se n d in g off a lo t of b lasts and th row in g a few h u n d red s to n s of rock o v er a p recip ice into th e riv e r. We cam e too la te , how ever, so he only gave us lunch an d h a d th ree F ilip in o s w ith m andolin a n d g u ita rs p lay, and a F ilip in a lady sin g. W e saw one b la s t go off and a fte r w a rd h ad to look u p in th e a ir to dodge th e ro ck s as th e y fell, som e sp a tte rin g a b o u t. A t Camp R ead, a fte r a long af te rn o o n s w alk we w ere m et by th e b an d a n d a tte n d e d a baile o r dance. A ro u g h a ffa ir, led off by th e M ajor, b u t th ere w ere som e really w o n d erfu l p erfo rm an ces b y n ativ e girls and by S p an iard s and n ativ es. S unday, S ep tem b er 19, 1904. W alk ed u p th e m o u n tain som e 1500 fe e t o u t o f th e canyon an d took h o rses fo r Ba gu io, only fo u r o r five m iles away. F in e rolling, g rassy country, p a rk -lik e an d w ith occasional pines, som e of grand p ro p o rtio n s. W e fo u n d the e n g in e e r in
L 40 ]
charge, a Boston m an nam ed H ayw ard, and soon explored th e w hole country, seein g w here he p lan n ed to p u t th e p u blic buildings and all th e im pedim ents th a t go w ith an u p -to -d a te sum m er re so rt. D renched to th e skin la te r, as it ra in s there every aftern o o n at th is tim e of year. Slept u n d e r two th ick blan k ets, w hich is unusual h e re in th e P hilippines.
RIDES TO CAMP FOUR
Monday, S eptem ber 20, 1904. P u lled o u t a t six and ro d e down th e very b ea u tifu l Kias tra il to Camp F our, w here we lunched and w en t on dow n th e w orks, going on foot over th e piaces w ed n eg lected before, and le ft Twin P eaks, say a t 5 p.m. fo r P ozorrubio. W e h ad fo u r m iles in a buckboard and it was ra in ing. The road g o t w orse and so p re s e n t ly dism ounted or ra th e r got o u t and w alked, slipping ro u n d in th e deep m ud, and, the mules n o t catching up, by and by we sa t down. I w as q u ite u n co m fo rt able w ith an a tta c k of ra th e r acu te in digestion, the firs t Ive had since I got h ere ; b u t, a fter w aiting an ho u r, we tru d g ed back and fo u n d th e m ules m ired. G athering some natives, we se t to and p u lled the team o u t of th e m ud, and
drove o n . . . . We presen tly g o t m ired (C o n tin u ed fro m page 3 g ) th is w ay th e rem oval w as accom plish again on a stretch betw een two ric e p ad ed w ith th e least loss of tim e. dies and had to w ait till a h u g e tra in Camp 4 lies 3.3 m iles b eyond cam p of b u ll-carts lum bered by, up to th e ax 3 . In Ja n u a ry 1904, n o t a pick h a d les in m ud and each guided by a sleepy b een s tru c k into th e g ro u n d b etw een native. T hen a dozen o r m ore go t hold th ese two points. By A p ril 1 th e ro a d of o u r team and ra n it to good g ro u n d was opened and in use fo r c a rt tr a n s w hen we w ent on. In th is o p eratio n off p o rta tio n to cam p 4. hind m ule m anaged to k ick a n e a t poul In a n ticip atio n of th e o p en in g of tice of m ud into my left eye. I d id n t th e ro ad as fa r as Camp 4 by A p ril, see it com ing and found m ost o f m y 1904, an d in o rd e r to m ak e it av a il face p lastered as w ell as the eye filled. able fo r u se by th e C om m ission in I groped to the ditch a t th e side and going to Baguio, a su rv ey w as m ade soon w ashed it out. M idnight passed in Ja n u a ry of th a t y e a r of an e x ist soon ju s t as we th o u g h t we w ere g e ttin g ing Ig o ro t tra il over K ias H ill. I t w as in, our d riv er m ade a m istake and down found th a t a horse tr a il could be b u ilt we w ent, w ith two of th e m ules. This on th is lin e w ith a m axim um g ra d u was hopeless, so leaving our n e g ro to e n t of 15 p e r cent, an d a t an e s tim a t ex tricate him self and th e m ules by h ir ed cost of $3,000. In o rd e r n o t tc re d u c e th e fo rce ing carabaos, we took a bull c a rt w hich was standing patiently about,, th e n ativ e on th e B en g u et ro ad , th e o ffice r in in th e grass inside sound asleep and ch arg e re q u e ste d th a t th e a p p ro p ria plodded along slowly b u t co ntin u o u sly tio n fo r th is tr a il be e x p en d ed by th e . . . . W e reached P ozorrubio a t 1:30 a.m. p ro v in cial a u th o ritie s of B anguet. T he line u p K ias H ill w as sta k e d o u t by T uesday, Septem ber 21, 1904. U p a t B en g u et ro a d en g in e e rs and th e tra il 5:30. H ired a carrom ata draw n by th re e was b u ilt fo r a trifle less th a n th e lonies, and in we squeezed, th e M ajor estim ate d cost, u n d e r th e su p erv isio n and I, all curled up, and bounched a b o u t of Gov. W illiam F. P ack, who, on in th e rough places so th at we n e v er M arch 31, 1904, was th e firs t p e rso n knew w h eth er our heads were going to to rid e o v e r th e tr a il and ro ad fro m h it th e roof or our shins the seat op B ag u io ' to Twin P eaks. posite. Reached D agupan at eleven. T his tr a il has been in alm o st cons -------------- o -------------ta n t use since th a t d a te an d w ill
A bridge at Camp 4, d istin ctiv ely show n above are som e F ilip in o laborers husv w orking in 190t.
c o n tin u e to be u se fu l fo r m in ers and o th e rs living its vicinity. B eyond Camp 4 lay som e of th e h e a v ie st and m ost d iffic u lt w o rk in th e road. The d istan c e fro m th is cam p to B aguio w as 10.6 m iles. By S ept. 1, 1904, th e re w ere ab o u t 3,500 m en a t w ork b etw een Camp 4 and C olgan, d istrib u te d in five -cam ps o v er a d istan ce of 4.3 miles. In Nov., 1904, Cam p M cElroy w as esta b lish e d n e a r th e B aguio end of he line, to w ork dow nw ard, and in Ja n u a ry , 1905, all av ailable m en w ere p u t on th e grade b etw een Camp Col gan and C am p M cElroy, in p ro v isio n a l cam ps estab lish ed u n d e r F o rem en Dowd, Cook, Reid, an d Boyd. A w ag er had b e e n m ade th a t th e ro ad w ould be p a ssab le fo r vehicles by th e end of Jtfhuary, 1905. The fo re m e n and th e w o rk in g fo rce g e n e ra lly took a keen in te re s t in th e o u t com e of th is w ager, and w orked e n th u s ia stic a lly to w in it. T hey w ere so successful th a t on Ja n u a ry 29, 1905, th e officer in ch a rg e drove from C am p 4 into Barjuio. A t th e tim e it w as by no m eans a fin ish ed roadw ay, b u t re q u ire d m u ch w o rk in casing grades, rem oving e a rth and ro ck fro m above, and in p ro v id in g p ro p e r d ra i
nage. T he am ount of w ork which had been accom plished was enorm ous, and included th e co n structio n of new ro a d way from a po in t 1 m ile below Twin Peaks to Baguio, a d istan ce of 18.1 m iles; th e m aking of a rock cu t be tw een b ridges 39 and 40, betw een Camp 1 and Twin P eak s; th e m ain tenance and re p a ir of th e old road, its reb u ild in g in places, and th e m e taling of several m iles of th e low er road w ith cru sh ed stone. This w ork had been done betw een the d ates of A u g u st 16, 1903, and Jan. 29, 1905. A t th e fo rm er date, the m ost optim istic p red ictio n allowed th ree years fo r th e opening of th e road, if it could be done at a ll. O thers said it -w ould take tw enty years of work, and som e of th e fo re men on th e ro ad co n sid ered th a t they had a life jo b . The su b je ct of tra n sp o rta tio n was vital and w as th e object of unceasing care and vigilance. All supplies w ere hauled fro m D agupan to Twin P eak s over th e provincial ro ad s and the com pleted p o rtio n s of th e B enguet road, a distance, a t firs t, of som ething m ore th an 32 miles. L a te r w hen the w a re houses w ere moved to Cam p 4, the haul was about 39 miles. M ost of this h au l-
A bridge near Camp 4-1/2 alm ost fin ish ed and being used b y
passengers.
ing w as done by nativ es, who used to log b u ild in g s e rected u n d e r th e d i o rd in ary carts of th e country. T h e re c tio n of Mr. H olm es. A t C am p 4 provincial roads w ere bad and th e th e m agazine w as a g ra ss b u ild in g . cost of tran sp o rtatio n high. In Ju ly , T h e g re a t v arie ty o f w o rk m en err190S, th e price asked for h au lin g ? lo y ed on th e ro ad gave o p p o rtu n ity supplies from D agupan to Twin P ea k s for a com parison of th e re la tiv e w orking value of th e sev eral races. w as a b o u t P80.00 p e r ton. Tiie m ain depots fo r the sto rin g T he A m erican o r E u ro p ean , by re a of explosives w ere a t Twin P eaks an d son of h is stre n g th , is s u p e rio r to all Camp 4 in m agazines rem ote fro m o th e r w orkm en, and could accom plish th e m ain buildings. The m agazine at m o re in a given tim e th a n any o th e r Twin Peaks w as a w ell-constructed race. A m erican s w ere on th e ir m e rits
O ne of the bridges m ade of tim ber saw ed by hands.
43
Stone w a llin g at Camp 4-1/2 The w ork of the laborers in 1903, consisted largely in w id e n in g and ditching.
selected g en erally as fo rem en of the various prade. Spaniards w ere am ong th e very best labo rers em ployed, steady, cons tant, industrious, and h a rd w orking always. The Jap an ese w ere su p e rio r w ork men. They w ere intellig en t, and w ork ed well w hen w&tched. The selection of cam p forem en was a m atte r of carefu l consideration. Th&y w ere req u ired n o t only to be well versed in all d iffe re n t classes of w ork req u ired . They w ere p ro m p ted by selection and a fte r exten d ed observation. T hey w ere m ostly m in ers who had served in th e Spanish w ar and in th e in su rre c tio n in th e Philippines, and who had rem ain ed in th e islands a fte r receiving th e ir discharges fro m th e m ilitary service. They w ere w ell adapted by th e offi cer in charge in 1903. His th an k s are due to th e m fo r th e ir able and enthusiastic su p p o rt and fo r th e ir unfailing energy in p u shing th e work. The m en especially m ean t in these rem arks w ere F irst-class F o rem en Jos. B. Boyd, C harles Colgan, W. C. Cook, Jack Dowd, C. P. H ann, W illiam Proback, and F ra n k Reed. It would h ard ly be ju s t to close this re p o rt w ith o u t m entioning by name th e officers whose efficien t aid was in stru m e n ta l in carry in g th is work to speedy and successful conclusion. Capt. M. W. Rowell, E lev en th Ca valry, disbursing officer, his services and active support w ere invaluable. Capt. Amos H. M artin, F o u rte e n th In fan try , did good w ork in ch arg e of the labor d ep a rtm e n t and records. To Thief E n g in eers D. S. W illiam s, A. H. Perkins, and George H. H ayw ard, th e officer in ch arg e is indebted fo r m ost valuable assistance. Mr. E. F. A m brose is an ex cellent comm issary and a m ost co m p eten t and trustw orthy officer. Mr. L. F. Heny was a p ain tstak in g p ro p erty officer who looked a fte r and accounted for the large am ount of p o rp erty neces sarily scattered over th e w ork for a distance of m ore th a n 20 miles. The Chief surgeon, Dr. J. W. Madara was a co m p eten t ad m in istrato r
>
It w as n e c es sary to distrib ute along the road about 60 tons of provis ions each ration day. Rice alone m ore t h a n 50,000 pounds w ere distributed every ten days. The m ere fact that m eat w as issued regularly to them undoub tedly brought m any laborers to the road.
of his d ep artm en t. His chief assista n t and successor, Dr. Thom as H. L andor, w as reg ard ed as a m an of u n u su al m erit. Mr. W. A. M ilstead and Capt. E. C. M ontfort, agents in M anila an d D rgupan, respectively, re n d erd ex cellen t service to th e road, Mr. J. R. C onklin ren d e rd e ffic ien t
th e
T h e chief e n g in e e rs w ho se rv e d u n d e r th e o ffice r in ch arg e o n th e B en g u et ro a d w e r e : N. M. H olm es, Ju n e 1, 1903, to O ctober 31, 1903; D. S. W illiam s, N ovem ber 15. 1903,
A considerable force of w ork on this cliff w as put in order to prevent a blocking of the road
M any n ative forem en and laborers sent for th"ir fam ilies and built houses near the cam ps along the road at Tw in P eaks Camps 3 and 4, ir all num bering 3,000.
to M arcn 20, 1904; A. H. P erk in s, A pril 10, 1904 to N o v e m b e r 5, 1904; Geo. H. H ayw ard, N ov em b er 6 , 1904, to date. The p ro p erty o fficers of th e Ben g u e t road w ere: J. J. M urphy, Ju ly J5. 1903, to N o ^ m b e r 30, 1903; L. F. H eny, D ecem ber 1. 1903 to Ju n e 30, 1905. T:ie com m issary officers of the B enguet road w e re : C harles F. Moore, Ju ly 15, 1903, to A ugust 15, 1903; J. H. H azeltine. A ug u st 21, 1903. to
May 17, 1904; fc. F. A m brose, Ju ly 2. 1904, to Ju n e 15, 1905. H ospitals w ere b u ilt at Twin P eaks, Camp 4, Camp Dowd, and cam p Colgan, each u n d e r th e ch arg e of a su r geon. Serious cases w ere tra n sp o rte d to th e n e a re st hospital. The surgeons em ployed on th e B en guet road w ere: Dr. J. W. Torm ey, Ja n u a ry 3, 1904 to F e b ru a ry 28, 1905; Dr. J. W. M adsra, A ugust 1, 1903, to M arch 13, 1905; Dr. T. H. L andor, Jan u ary 22, 1904, to May 31, 1905;
W hen the w arehouses w ere m oved to Camp 4, the haul waS about 39 m iles. Most of this hauling w as done by natives
D ances were held on Saturday nights, the band going from camp to camp, and of ten playing on the road w h ile m en were at w ork.
Dr. T. G. Howe, M arch 3, 1904, to cam ps w e re re a ch e d only by p e rilo u s tra ils w hich ascended and d e sc en d e d A p ril 15, 1905. D isbursing officer of th e B en g u et th e p recip itio u s way of th e can y o n road from Nov. 6 , 1903, to th e p ra c w alls, o v er cliffs, to scale w hich ro p e s tical conclusion of th e work, Capt. a n d la d d ers w ere n ecessary. T h e riv e r M. W. Rowell, E lev en th U.S. C avalry a t low tid e w as fo rd ed ; a t h ig h w a te r The B ued riv e r ru n s through a w ild ru d e b rid g es o r logs w ere used. A m a n s and en tirely u n settled country. N o t a life d e p e n d e d on su ren ess o f fo o t single se ttle r had ere cte d a h u t in and coolness of head. The m o u n ta in th e canyon. A ll em ployees of th e road Jg o ro ttes w e re ch iefly used as p ac had th e re fo re to be fed by th e gov-* k ers. and a larg e n u m b er of th e m ern m en t. The n e a re s t supply base was w ere em ployed. The am o u n t of w o rk M anila. S hipm ents w ere made by ra il and fo re sig h t involved in th e su p p ly to D agupan and w ere from th e re of ra tio n s m ay be ju d g e d by th e h au led in carts 32 m iles to Twin fa c t th a t i t w as n ecessary to d is tr i Peaks. b u te along th e ro ad ab o u t 60 to n s No one who did n o t visit th e coun of pro v isio n s each ra tio n day. Of a tr y before the ro ad w as co n stru cted single a rtic le (ric e ) m o re th a n 50,000 can form an adeq u ate idea of th e p ou n d s w e re d is trib u te d ev ery te n d ifficulties of supplies. The u p p e r days.
In som e m a n n e r to p rovide fo r th ese F ilipino necessities a b and was organized on th e ro ad , m en w ere p e r m itted to b ring th e ir wives w ith them , and a ra tio n w as p rovided of g re a te r v ariety a n d abu n dan ce th a n they should obtain o rd in a rily a t hom e. The m ere fact th a t m eat was issued r e g u larly to them u n d o u b te d ly b ro u g h t m any lab o rers to th e road. D ances w ere h eld on S atu rd ay n ights, th e band go in g fro m cam p to ram p, and often playing on th e road w hile m en w ere w orking. P ay m en ts w ere m ade m onthly, and each m an p erso n ally received a ll th e m oney h e had e a rn e d . On a su ffici en tly long tr a il th e w ork w as found n o t too ardous; th e n ativ e w as w ell tre a te d , fin d in g co n d itio n s en d u rab le, and in som e re sp e c ts even d esirab le , m any shops w ere open ed to supply native n eed s and lu x u ries. M any n a tiv e fo rem en and la b o rers s e n t fo r th e ir fam ilies an d b u ilt houses n e ar th e cam ps and soon re g u la r villages aro se along the ro a d a t Twin P eak s, cam ps 3 and 4, an d above, in all n u m b erin g p erh ap s 3,000 souls.
A fe w
Mr. H olm es re p o rte d in Ju n e, 1902 A fter a y e a rs acq uaintance w ith this (F ilip in o ) la b o rer I can, w ith out h esitatio n , say th a t u n less u n d e r the m ost favorable circum stances such work as th ey do p e rfo rm is n o t equal to more-' th a n 1 /5 th e am o u n t a good white la b o re r w ould p erfo rm in th e same period. The n ativ e is lazy, sh ift less, sly, tre a c h e ro u s and ig n o ran t; he works n o t fo r th e m oney he is paid, bu t because his p re sid e n te has o rd e r ed him o u t to w eeks w ork; his ch ief occupation d u rin g th e day is schem ing how to avoid w ork The lab o r question has b een one of my chief studies, but I have failed to discover a m eth od by w hich th e F ilip in o can be made to w ork, ex cep t u n d e r th e eye of a ta sk -m a ste r '1 The Ig o ro tte from Benguet is a vastly su p erio r anim al. We fo u n d th e Ig o ro tte invariably tru stw o rth y and in g en eral a w illing worker. H e can be tru s te d off by him self w ith o u t th e necessity of a white fo rem an to w atch him , and when he w orks he does n o t dabble,
the
w a itin g only fo r th e h o u rs to pass, b u t digs I n w itn a vim an d m akes p ro g ress. B u t no p erso n on e a rth resp o n d s m ore q u ick ly to k in d n ess than* th e F ilip in o ; a p le a s a n t m a n n e r, a consi d e ra te b earin g , ju s t tr e a tm e n t an d a co u rte o u s r e tu r n of h is sa lu ta tio n go a long w ay w ith him . H e is n o t n a tu ra lly fon<J of w ork, b u t is w illin g to w o rk .for good food a n d p le a sa n t
The Z ig-zag Road, in practical w o rk in g order.
su rro u n d in g s o r fro m necessity . It m ay be said th a t a f t e r becom ing in n u red to th e w ork, th e F ilip in o , co n sid er in g h is w ag e a n d ra tio n w as th e m ost eco n o m ical la b o re r em ployed on th e ro a d fo r o rd in a ry w ork.
LO C A L TR A N SP O R T A N D MOTOR CARS
To im p ro v e th e tra n s p o rta tio n s e r vice on th e ro ad to B aguio, th e gova large nu m ber of laborers w ere put into
th is section
Among the first wagons from the lowlands to pass Benguet the Road.
em in en t has decided to Duy a fleet o f autom obiles. I h e sum o f PIOO.OOO was set aside for the purpose at the last session o f the Philppine C om m is sion. G overnor General W. Cameron Forbes, said that the m ove was prom pted by num erous com plaints on the high rates charged by m otor cars along the route. The view o f the Com mission was that cars bou ght fo i officia l use w ould pay fo r themselves in poin t o f ser
vice rendered. The bureau o f public works was cited as an exam ple. It operated its own autom obiles in a way that su c cessfu lly recov ered their purchase costs. The plan to increa.se transportation facilities is expected to bring down the rates charged fo r th e trip to Ba guio. The reduction w ou ld in turn make it possible fo r p eop le o f mo derate means to visit the sum m er ca pital.
These were the five Stanley cars purcnased by the government which made the journey from Manila up to Benguet Road In 1909.
M ajor Lyman W. Kennon was the builder of the famous Benguet Road better known far and wide as Kennon Road, one of the best mountain roads in the world. Today, the road stands as a tribute to M ajor Kennons engineering skill and knowledge, and excellent understanding o f human nature. From his native Rhode Island, U.S., he brought with him to the Philip pines his extensive experiences in various engineering projects in Cuba where he was one time head o f the Islands Dept, of Commerce. A tall, energetic man o f fifty, he headed the first American volunteer regi ment to arrive in the Philippines dur ing the revolution. Big and bearded, he was a member o f the tenth U. S. Infantry. He took over the supervision of the Kennon Road construction in June, 1903 and in spite of the heavy toll on time, efforts, and money, he drove thru Baguio in January, 1905 on the first wagon to reach that place over the newly constructed road. The outstanding credit for having made Baguio accessible from the lowlands from the Dagupan railroad terminal,
COL. L. W. K EN N O N
belongs to no other than M ajor Ken non himself. As a gesture o f profound gratitude, the governm ent named the road after its builder. His other exeperiences in the P hil ippines were mostly gained in the field o f governm ent service. He at one time served as supervisor, special enumerator, and disbursing officer of District No. 43 in Misamis province.
As for the type of cars desired, preference will be given to those ca pable o f seating the most number of people. These are to be manned by Filipino chauffeurs who have already proven their ability to handle the machines. With more automobiles, regular and cheaper transportation service to Ba guio can be arranged in conjunction with the train schedule from Manila. Before the U S . Arm y turned over the administration of the K ennon Road to the Philippine governm ent in the twenties the government spent several millions of dollars for its con struction, repair, a n d maintenance. Ever since its opening to traffic enorm ous sums have been spent fo r the clearance of recurrent landslides.
W hen the Am erican-headed civil goJ vernment o f the Philippines appro priated large sums for the Kennon Road it stirred a storm o f protest from the Filipino political leaders. The latter claimed that the public fund was spent needlessly for the benefit o f a few Am ericans and fo reigners. In spite o f these criticism s against such costly project the construction went on unabated. W hen the funds ran low voluntary contributions from civic-m inded persons came in on time. F orm er Gov. Gen. W . Cameron Forbes, ever since known as the Father of B aguio donated from his personal funds m ore than $2 0 0 ,0 0 0 .0 0 in order to expedite the com pletion of the Kennon Road.
O n A p r il 15, 1903, th e 3 0 0 -lb . sta te sm a n d e c i d e d t o s e e B a g u io f o r h im s e lf a n d h e r o d e a m a g n i fic e n t s a d d le h o r s e u p th e m o u n ta in trailT h e s t o r y is m o r e a d r o it ly t o ld in th e e x change of c a b le g r a m s betw een h im s e lf and E lih u R o o t in W a s h in g t o n . U p o n r e a c h in g B a g u io , T a ft sen t th e fo llo w in g exube r a n t w ir e : STOOD T R IP W ELL STOP RODE H O R S E B A C K 25 M IL E S T O 5000 F E E T E L E V A T IO N STO P HOPE A M E O B IC DYSEN TE RY IC U R E D STO P GREAT PROV I N C E T H IS O N L Y 150 M IL E S F R O M M A N I L A W IT H A IR A S B R A C IN G A S A D IR O N D A C K S OR M URRAY BAY STO P ONLY (PIN E S AND GRASSLAN D S STOP TE M PE R ATU R E T H IS H O T T E S T M O N T H IN T H E P H I L I P P I N E S IN M Y C O TT A G E PORCH AT TH REE IN THE A F T E R N O O N 68 S T O P F IR E S N F.CESS A R Y N IG H T AND M ORN I N G . M r. R o o t , d r y as a b o n e , p r o m p t ly r e p lie d f r o m th e c a p it a l: R E F E R R IN G TO TELE GRAM FROM YOU S T O P H O W IS H O R S E ?
G overn or-G en era l Taft show n left, w ith G overnor W. P ack in Baguio.
W H. Taft known to be the real father of Baguio, w ielded vast in fluences in the developm ent of the Philippines and the founding of Ba guio. As head of the first Philippine Commission and as the first civil G overnor General o f the Philippines from July 4, 1901 to D ecem ber 23, 1901, he was among the best loved and able executives ever to take hold o f the governm ent reins. He made a personal trip to Baguio and in spite o f the tedious experience, he acquired a fir s t hand look see at Baguio.
GEN. LUKE E. W R IG H T V
From the words of Governor Gene ral Forbes may be fe lt the impact o f his achievement, It would cer tainly be most gratifying to Chief Justice Taft, the real father of Ba guio since it was under his orders and upon his responsibility that the great enterprise was undertaken, could he visit Baguio of today and see the extent to which his great vision has come to be a vibrant and living actuality. A holder of a bachelor o f laws de gree from Yale University, and a champion amateur wrestler, he held the follow ing positions in the U. S.; Secretary o f War, 27th President of the U. S., Chief Justice of the Sup reme Court. He died on March 8 , 1930.
DEAN WORCESTER
R ediscoverer of Baguio and form er Secretary of the Interior
Dean C. Worcester, an ornitholo gist, form er Secretary o f the Interior from 1901 to 1913, member of the Philippine Commission from 1900 to 1913 and author of the Philippine Islands and Their People, was the man who first thought o f building a health resort in the Philippines. He heard o f Baguios wonders in 1892 and in June of 1901, he made a trip on horseback to Baguio. He and his party were immediately convinced of the possibilities of Baguio as a health resort. And for the special interest and influence that he exerted, he was given much credit for the founding of Baguio. He became so ardent a Ba guio booster that he built a splendid summer house on an ideal site back o f the Baguio General Hospital, now the site o f the Fil'Am erican Housing Proiect. Mr. W orcester had traveled exten sively throughout the Island and is familiar with the characteristics of the Filipinos. As Secretary of Interior, he had direct jurisdiction over the non Christian tribes. It was through his efforts that continual tribal feuds were eliminated, friendly relationship was established between tribes, and peaceful pursuits like agriculture were given due interest. He initiated the baseball bat and the plow in place Of the headaxe as an emblem of pro gress.
DEAN
W O R CE STER
ry grew, his knowledge about tne na tive customs, traditions, and lang uage, likewise, increased. W hen the Americans came in 1900, he was the first white man to w elcom e them. He did his utmost to foster and streng then friendly relations betw een the natives and the Americans. A m ong the positions which he held in the field of governm ent service were, namely, secretary to the first civil governor; Spanish-English translator fo r the U.S. governm ent in Manila; professor o f Philippine linguistics at the University of the Philippines. .Among his assets during his liftetim e was his knowledge o f ethnology which he taught and studied in Japan and then later in the Philippines. His book On Baguios Past is to day among the valuable references that quenches the thirst fo r reliable inform ation about Baguios bygones.
OTTO SCHEERER
OTTO SCHEERER
Author on B agu ios Fast
Otto Scheerer, author of On Ba guios Past , a German Scholar and researcher was indentified with the growth and development of what is now Baguio. He came up to Baguio in 1896 for his health, but he fe ll in love with the place that he unhesi tatingly bought 43 hectares of land in the very heart of Baguio. On this property, he built two houses, one of which was to become the Baguio Sa nitarium and Hotel, and the other as the Deputy Governors residence. As his attachment fo r the territo
H.
P.
W H ITM A SH
H. P. WHITMARSH
First Civil G overn or P rovin ce of B enguet
H P. Whitmarsh, was appointed as the first civil governor of Benguet province by Gov. General Howard Taft in early 1900. As a governm ent officia l among his achievements w ere: the transfer o f the capital from La Trinidad to Baguio, establishing peace and order, and suppression o f head hunting activities. A fter a year in the governm ent
G O V. W IL L IA M PACK
service, he resigned and devoted his attention to business. His business activities include: gold prospecting by organizing the Breakwaters Mine, now the Baguio Gold Mining Co., and the Copper King, now the Demonstra tion Mining C o ; starting the first sawmill with H. Heald; opening the Baguio Commercial Store, the first of its kind to be established; pioneer ing in ornamental gardening; acquir ing real estate prop erties., He left England at the age of 21 and spent sometime in Australia. He came to the Philippines in 1899 as a correspondent o f the Outlook Maga zine. Prior to his appointment as governor of Benguet, he was attach ed to Gen. M acArthurs Headquarters. W hile exploring Northern Luzon on horseback with Gen. Young, he first paw Baguio and its possibilities o f be coming a summer resort. Author of The Young Rivers, The Golden Talisman, and The W orld s Rough Hand , he died on A pril 5, 1935.
WILLIAM PACK
G overnor of Mt. P rovin ce for several years
V-
William Pack, a man of boundless energy and determination, joined the governm ent service on Novem ber 15, 1901 as governor o f Benguet and served continuously until his m erito rious prom otion to the governorship o f the Mt. Province on March 15, 1909. When he resigned on D ecem ber 31, 1912, he left landmarks for people to rem em ber him by. Having held the governorship for a period longer than that o f any provincial governor at the time, he exerted his atmost to promote the welfare o f the masses. It was during his incumben cy that the first leg of the Benguet Road was made until its fin al com pletion. He initiated and strongly re commended Teachers Camp fo r tea chers use and privilege. Undaunted by numerous dangers and illness, he '.vas responsible for the construction o f numerous roads over the Mt. P ro vince.
mrnmKt
----o ----
When civil government was establish ed i-nder the American regime in 1900 he was offered a position as Town ship president but declined it in fa vor of his oldest son Sioco who b e came the first president under the new administration. However, Don Ma teo continued to cooperate with the government in leading the natives into an organized civil life. When the first srh iol for Igorots was opened in Ba guio in 1900, he rented a big and spacious house for the purpose. Un der his direction the plains and hill sides in Baguio were converted into rice paddies. He was born in Tublay, Benguet in 1854.
C A P T. M ATEO CARISfO
CENSUS OF 1903
At the date of the census, March 2. 1903, the islands were divided into 40 civil provinces. Thirty-eight o f the civil provinces were divided into municipalities and townships, and two provinces, Lepanto-Bontoc and Benguet, into town ships alone, the township being a simple form o f government adapted to such non-Christian or wild tribes. The m uni cipalities and townships were divided into barrios, each barrio consisting of a small settlement with outlaying territory. Since the census was taken the terri tory included in military COMMANDANCIAS, or districts, has been put under civil authority. ------------- o-------------
M O L IX T A S
CUIDNO CARANTES
Cuidno Carantes, among the pro minent natives o f Baguio who lived during the Spanish regim e and then survived through the various changes o f Philippine administration until his death at the age of 72, was an active participant in the founding of Ba guio. A mem ber of a prominent Ben guet tribe fam ily in Baguio, he be came township president in 1906 and served fo r seven years as a member o f the Igorot Advisory Council. An avid supporter of the short-lived Phil ippine Republic under Gen. E. Aguinaldo, he was among Baguios substan tial landowners having once owned the whole block between 59th Street and Session Road. While he lost owner ship o f the said property, he still retained a considerable estate which he passed on to his descendants. W hen he passed away in 1942 he was survived by his. w ife Kincha Badyating and nine children.
M O U N T AS
C.
CARANTES
Simply known as Molintas, he was born in Baguio near the site o f the present Baguio City High School. By the time the first batch of Am eri cans arrived in Baguio, he transfer red his house in Pacdal. A respected member o f the Ibaloy tribe in Ba guio, he first served as treasurer un der Sioco Carino for a year prior to
sungdua
SUNGDUAN
Sungduan, a descendant of Balian and Munching of Talinting, La Tri nidad, was born in 1839. He succeeded Molintas as Township President. Dur ing his term he was able to increase the salary o f a laborer from P.20 to P. 50 a day. Later he continued his term in Tuba. At that time it maybe worthwhile knowing that Lucban, Guisad, Pacdal, Loakan and Bokawkan were parts o f Tuba Municipality. When Sungduan moved to Tuba, he left his landholdings in Baguio. He died at the age o f 95.
TULINGAN PINAS
Last President of the Baguio Tow nship
T. PIN A S
his appointment by Gov. Pack as pres ident of the Baguio Township Gov ernment. He served in this capacity fo r a year during which he acquired som e properties but for one reason c r another the properties w ere for feited to the governm ent. He became a m em ber o f the advisory coun cil and participated actively in the discussion on Baguio boundaries.
W ACAT SUELIO
Born in Sitio, Atok, Benguet and belonged to a prominent Benguet tribe. He was the last to serve as president before Baguio became a chartered city. He acquired the presidency by popu lar vote and he owed his election to the support given him by the then Qov. Whitmarsh. As president, he was accredited o f finishing the other un finished projects left by Cuidno Carantes. To inject discipline into the ranks of non-cooperative employees, he ttfok into the service some ferocious Bontocmen to serve as policemen. He served as councilor and one time vicepresident to Cuidno Carantes.
WACAT SUELLO
Considered as the B rain of Tuba, Benguet H e w as considered as the brain o f T u b a " and the m ost prom inent Ig o ro t resident o f this m u n icipality. He served for several term s as president o f Tuba m unicipality. D u rin g his incum bency, he gained p op u la rity and in flu en ce am ong his people and endeared h im self to both the Christians and n on-C hris tian F ilipin os. He was also considered as the m ost intelligent man in Tuba though he had no form a l education w hatsoever. He gained his education through direct con ta ct with the p rob lems o f life. D u rin g his lifetim e was
the fo re m o s t spokesm an o f the illite rate delegates at the annual m eetings o f the o ffic ia ls and prom inent men o f the tow ns o f the entire sub-province o f B enguet w ith the G overn or General. Though he alw ays regretted his ina bility to attend school, yet he alw ays exerted his e ffo r t s to spread the de sire fo r education am ong his people. He w as survived by fiv e children at the tim e o f his death.
MATEO CARANTES
A cted as Liaison O fficer A guinaldo of General
B ern du rin g Spanish regim e in Old Lucban. W ith ou t b en efit o f a form a l schooling, he succeeded by a tta in in g some exp erien ces fro m his subordinates in doin g his du ty w ell. A s a ran cher he once ow ned a p a rt o f the City Cam p, pa rt o f Lu cban, B a gu io C ou ntry Club, P acdal and C am p John H a y w hich he used as pa stu re land. H is experience w ith the A m erica n s as one o f their consultants, designated him as a m em ber in th e B a gu io A d v isory Council under G overn or W h itm arsh and G ov ernor W illia m P ack o f Benguet. D u r in g the Spanish regim e, he earned the distinction o f h a v in g served his people as T en ien te A b s o lu to or as Captain B agu io R a n ch eria and as represen ta tive f o r B a gu io and B en guet fo r one year under A m erica n regim e. H e likew ise acted as liaison o ffic e r f o r Gen. E. A g u in a ld o in Benguet. In his life tim e , M r. C arantes w as an in dustrious businessm an, and a rancher. H e w as the son o f Carantes and Elene and his w ife w as U gasia. He is survived b y 4 ch ildren , 1 girl and 3 b oys.
M ATEO
CARAN TES
D aroan P u ca y. H is dept, w as under the su p ervision o f the Phil. C on sta b u lary. F rom 1896 to 1898 M r. P u ca y served as b od y g u a rd o f Captain Juan C a rin o d u rin g the in su rrection. In 1922 he was app oin ted as one o f the m em bers o f the Ig o ro t A d v is o ry Council. H e served in this ca p a city unti.l his death. Be sid es his services to the govern m en t, he w as a s u ccessfu l farm er. H is opin ion and advice w ere sought f a r and w ide, and his a dviced which w ere based on w isdom w ere accepted as a m ean s to an end. He w as born in 1870. D a roa n P u ca y le ft behind him 7 ch ildren w ho a re all know n to the com m u nity. One o f them is E u gene P u ca y who is an a ctiv e m em ber o f the c itv council. DAROAN PUCAY
DAROAN PUCAY
One of the first natives to becom e policem an in Baguio a
W hen B a gu io its police fo rce men under Mr. o f police and one
was still a tow nship, w as com posed o f 25 E. A rzad on as ch ief o f this policem en was
A m ong the m em bers of the se con d Philippine Com m ission in fron t of the pre w ar old Pines H otel. From left to right: James F. Smith, Luke E. W right, H en ry C. Ide, and Dean C. W orces ter.
A historical m arker o f the Secon d P h il ipp in e Com m ission, located in fron t of the B. P. H all site.
J ffW V
C O M M IS S IO Nft FIRST SE SSIO N INB A G U IO TN tt T H ETE O TT H EB U K .O IN SR H E R ET H E <-* *-COMSION H E L DIT Smwr S E S S IO N t Baguio rmw April 22 T OJune II. ISQ4. in clusive omcimu initiating u*c or Babuw * tne Pmjrnws' buuuer C A riTA L. The C O M M W W O NIM SC O M P O S E Dor B O V E R N O RO E N E R ' **P R E S ID E N T . A N DC O M mmomm Hew* c.Ide. dcanC.Wrcester. TNPardo oe Tavc * 1 BENITO Leoaroa. Jose r ocUHumaba James T-Sm ith aio *. Cawcron TCRSCS. * IM SS E S S IO N 74 A C T SA N D272 Resolutions sere approv*o.
---0---
On M otion . R E S O L V E D , T h at it to b e
d ecla red
the p o
licy o f the C om m ission to m a k e th e to w n o f B a g u io , in the P rov in ce o f B en guet, the su m m er ca p ita l o f the A r c h ip e la g o and to con stru ct su itable b u ild in g s, to secu re su ita b le tran s portation, to sidence ployees secure p r o p e r w a te r all su p p ly , of th e fo r an d to o ffic e r s fo u r m ake an d re em du r
G overn m en t
m o n th s
o f th is
p u rp ose th e S ecre to th e an d C om M a
C on su ltin g of
E n g in eer
A r ch ite ctu r e ,
it is th e o f the
P r o v in c e ' the
c o n s tr u c b u ild in g s be to
B en g u et
R oa d , of
e r e c tio n road
a w agon to
fr o m an d
C om m ittee
r e p o rt p la n s
the C om m ission for th e p r o p o s e d im p ro v e m e n ts in th e P r o v in ce for of B en g u et and and to su b m it sam e to and sh o u ld be the C om m ission
action BE IT
n ecessary
a p p ro p ria tio n ,
FURTH ER
T h a t steps of
im m ed ia tely o f the
taken lo o k in g by at
in cre a s e
th e
c a p a city con s r
S a n ita riu m
lea st tw e n ty th e
room s,
to th e of
tru ction o f sev en m ore cotta g es on nitarium , to th e con stru ction the b ig of
g rou n d s
th e S a on of
a G o v e r n o r s w h ich of th e
re sid e n c e so u rce
sp rin g sou th
is th e
im m ed ia tely of
pro su f
lea st
m a k in g
a plan fo r
a to w n s ite
o f B a g u io; bu t that the details o f c o n s tru ctio n m ents, w ith such v a ria tion s fr o m seem wise> shall be le ft the p rev iou s resolu tion . S ecreta ry , P h ilip p in e C ertified : to the
C om m ission .
Baguio in 1904.
cogon
Nanon and I le ft Manila at 5:45 A.M . on a special train furnished by Mr. Hig gins o f the Manila and Dagupan Railway, who accompanied us to Dagupan. The other members o f the party w ere Com missioner Forbes, Mr. Burnham the architect, Mr. Anderson his assistant, and M ajor Carter and the Commissioner o f Public Health. W e reached Dagupan at 10:30 A . M., and an hour and a h alf was spent in geting lunch, which should have been eaten on the train before our arrival. W e left Dagupan at 12:00 in two spring wagons, reaching Pozorubio after a hot ride at 3:30 o clock. Teams w ere changed at Po zorubio and the w agon in which I rode w as provided with fo u r Chinese mules which proved slow. W e reached Twin Peaks at 7:00 o'clock, nearly an hour be hind the other team. A t this place we stopped to remove the covers o f the wa gons, which could not pass under the ca bles o f one o f the suspension bridges. It took three-quarters o f an hour o f work with hammer, file and cold chisel to get the top o f f our wagon. W e then continued up the canon to Camp Four, where we arrived about 9 o clock. It was a beautiful m oonlight night and the trip was made w ithout misadventure, except that our Chinese mules were re[ 62 ]
W e spent the night with Colonel and Mrs. Kennon and, having received very plain intimation from our hostess that our making an early start in the morning would not be looked upon with favor by her, waited for an 8 o clock breakfast, and w ere then delayed fo r some time in getting a horse. A fter consultation with M ajor Kennon we had decided to go up over the line o f the new road as fa r as the camp at the foot o f the zigzag trail which leads from the abandoned Benguet road down into the canon o f the Bued River, at which point we expected horses to meet us. W e set out on foot, I walking and Nanon riding, and continued in this fash ion fo r about a mile and a half when we reached two short bridges the floors o f
lum ber w ithout a street at all hardly change the scene from
its natural view, loss o f opium fo r smoking, which had been destroyed in one o f the burned buildings. W e then took the zigzag trail up the hill, stopping at Loacan fo r a drink and a short rest at the house o f Mr. and Mrs. Lane. Commissioner F orbes two fine horses, which he had sent around by w ay o f Kias trail, w ent past while we were w aiting at Loacan. One o f them was ridden by a man who did not know his business and who used the curb careless ly, w ith the result that the horse fir st reared and then ran away over the hills. It looked fo r a time as if the horse might, be throw n and the rider killed, but the animal finally quieted down w ithout hav in g done serious damage to him self or his rider. W e had a fine ride from Loacan to B a guio, reaching the latter place about fou r in the afternoon. Commissioner Forbes and the remainder o f the party, who re mained at Camp Four until after lunch, got in late that night rather tired out and without their baggage.
DECEMBER 24TH
This day was spent quietly in the vi cinity o f Baguio, and I rode down the upper end o f the new road as fa r as pos sible, reaching a point a little below the big spring. M ajor Carter and I went snipe shoot(Continued on page 8 6 )
salary of one assistant. Togetner with William Carmeron Forbes in 1905, he roamed the pineclad mountains and happily dreamed o f a city to be. Gradually, Baguio has grown through his dextrous design. To his plan, the present lay-out of Baguio owes much, and the people, in gratitude have named its principal park and recreation ground after him. Daniel H. Burnham was born on Sep tem ber 4, 1946 in New York, the son o f Edwin and Elizabeth Keith Burn ham. His father organized and con trolled the great stock yards and transit business at the time. He al ways thought o f Chicago as his home and he made a City Plan fo r it which was the greatest of all his works. Be ing an architect of no mean calibre, he had a vigorous determination to get ahead so much so that before the age of fifty he was the president of the American Institute o f Architec ture. In 1893, Harvard and Yale Uni versities conferred on him the degree o f M.A. Am ong his outstanding plans were those fo r Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C., the National Bank o f Illinois in Chicago, post office in Washington and the Union Station.
Mr. Burnham was recognized as the w orlds forem ost expert in rem odeling o f cities at this time, tn d was a tho roughly practical man. His valuable services were offered without renume ration o f any kind. He accepted mere ly his travellinp expenses and the
And his services were also form ally recognized by 400 leading "men repre senting many countries and states. He was given a banquet at Madison Square Garden in New York and presented with a cup.
[ 64 ]
The B aguio C ou ntry Club in 1909 was already a fixtu re w here the early p ion eers gathered at free m om ents fo r a round of golf, originally three holes, som e tennis or trap shooting. T he clubhouse was a rude, grass-roofed shed made of pin e slubs. Its doors and w in d ow s w ere m ere openings w hich could not be closed. It was erected in about a w eek. T o p photo w a s taken in 1907, the original clubhouse boasted of a horse trail w h ere the gen try o f early B aguio, led by W. Cam eron Forbes, tied their m ounts on the w a y to the diversion s at the club. At top right, tw o horses of a co u p le of g o lfe rs are m ore evid en t in this photo of the late twenties, where a faster means o f transportation are show n by w hat looks like a M odel T. Ford.
[ 66 ]
cottaees
THE
WAGON
TR A IN
town of Benguet then was Trinidad, not Baguio. Successive military governors ruled the district.
in the same place. A flow er nursery and the command ing generals residence were designed and constructed. United States High Com mifsioners summer residence with charrring gorunds was constructed in 1940 at a cost of P300.000. The Arm y and Navy Club, a branch of the Manila Club, built on private grounds adjoining the Post became the
center of social life of the Post. There were installed an eighteen hole golf course, one o f the best in the Orient, modern tennis courts, bowling alleys, gymnasium, childrens playground and scenic motor roads. The name Camp John Hay was chang ed to John Hay Air Base in 1955. Am ong the facilitities the base offers, g olf is best known, not only among military per sonnel, but among civilian Filipinos and Americans alike. The course is open daily for members of the golf club and their guests. All through the day, there are sports activities. After dark, there are the clubs the O fficers Open Mess. Airm ens Open Mess and the Mile Hi
Service Club. Security coordination between the camp and local law enforcing agencies have been standard operating procedure for mutual help, with representatives o f both agencies free to confer, advise and co lt is the next-door neighbor on whom one can rely upon and be depended in return. A continuing program o f im provements is being undertaken for the benefit of transients who make it a point to spend their leaves and furloughs. A nd when disaster strikes, no soecial invitation has been needed to speed men. materials and equipment to the scenes o f unfortunate incidents fires or accidents. --------------o--------------
G overn or F or b e s and G overn or Taft in Baguio. T he car used by them was one of the m ost m o dern at that time.
lish ed a cam p at L a Trinidad w h ile in pursuit o f the insurrectos, b rou g h t rep orts o f the p la ces tem perate c li mate. To substantiate this rep ort, an arm y m edical o ffic e r was disp atch ed to the said place. F in ally, the presen t site o f John H ay A ir Base was s e ' lected on som e 580 hectares o f land in 1903. A ctu a l w ork on the site was, h ow ever, delayed beca u se o f th e in su rrection and lack o f funds. It was on ly in 1906 th at Captain H ilga rd o f the Q uarterm aster Corps was ord ered to p ro ce e d to B agu io and con stru cted five sets o f O ffice r s quarters and on e b arrack s building. F o r the first tim e the -camp was o p en ed to visitors in N ov., 1906. F rom a h um ble b egin n in g, the cam p grew tota lly dep en d en t on availability o f funds. A t first, visitors w e re quartered in tents. Theh oth er b uildin gs w ere con stru cted a h ospital, a headquarters buildin g, stables, and m ore suitable quarters. In a fe w years, the cam p gained cogn izan ce as a rest center. B ut the cre d it fo r making the in i tial m ove to b ea u tify , enlarge, and equip the cam p was given to G eneral J. Fran k lin B ell w ho in 1911 assum ed com m a n d o f th e P h ilip pin e D ep a rt ment. T hrough the e ffo rts o f G en eral Bell, funds w ere m ade available to
GEN. J. F R A N K L IN B F L L im p ro v e and in crea se the fa c ilitie s in th e cam p. He p erson a lly d esig n ed and su p erv ised the con stru ction of an op e n -a ir am phitheatre that n ow bears h is nam e. This am p h ith ea tre is at presen t on e o f J oh n H ay A ir B a ses m ain a ttra ction s. It has d ecora tive pla n ts and flo w e rs w ith a cen ter stage o f rose lim estone. A nice road system w as built. M any n ecessa ry b uildin gs, such as th e c o n cre te o ffic e r s m ess post exch a n ge, lib ra ry, m ess hall, th e Italian garden, h osp ita l, bakery, a nd re cre a tio n h all w e re con stru cted . A b ron ze ta b let w as e re cte d in (Continued on page 192) H ay in
A m ong the recruited B on toc Igorot soldiers at Camp J oh n 1914, on target practice at La Trinidad^
O BSE RVA TO RY A N D MT. M IRAD O R The name is self-explanatory, com ing from the Spanish term, m irador , m eaning point o f fu ll view. The observatory was found ed by the Jesuit Fathers who came to the Islands with the first groups o f Spaniards. They select ed this hilltop fo r weather fo r e casting and other studies on weather. D uring the occupation, the Japanese used this fo r the same purpose. Aside from weather studies, the place served as a rest home and haven o f quiet sanctuary i'oi' the Jesuits throughout the coun try.
THE SAIN T LO U IS SCHOOL
Started from a lo w ly beginning and no one w ould have thought, years ago, that a m agnificient building w ould rise from what was form erly a density of pines, and a few houses and shacks. It w as in the year 1911 that a B el gian missionary pion eer, Father Seraphin De Vesse, selected this pin e-covered hill fo r a Catholic church w hich was dedicated to St. V in cent Ferrer. Three years later, Father De Vesse began a prim ary course for the poor lit tle children of the v icin ity of the church.
It was founded by Bishop Charles Hen ry Brent, fir st Bishop of the Protestant E pi -opal Church in the Philippine Islands in 1905. In previous years the manage ment o f the school was under a Head Master, and all matters o f policy or ad ministration are decided in conference be tween the Bishop and the H ead Master. However, since the year 1956, a compe tent & experienced principal w as chosen instead to take the place o f the Head Master.
MMMB
BRENT SCH O OL IN 1909
THE B A G U IO G E N E R A L H O SPITAL
the On this picturesque site of mountain scenery stands a hospital built i n . 1908. tuberculosis cottages on the crest of the ridge. Note
In 1907, the old B a gu io H ospital build in g was con stru cted and hospital fa cilities e n la r g e d and extended in clu d in g the con s tru ctio n o f a n u rses home and six co t ta g e s fo r tu bercu losis patients. F or seve ra l ye a rs the m anagem ent o f the hospital w a s under the direction o f A m erican p h y sicia n s, b e g in n in g with D r. J. R. T ho m a s and en din g w ith Dr. V in cen t. This w a s a ccom plish ed at the fo r m e r site o f th e Pines Hotel. . In 1915, the supervision o f the institu tio n w as turned over to the B ureau o f H e a lth and fo r the fir s t tim e had a Fi-
lipino D irector with the appointm ent of Dr. Silverio G arcia. Dr. G arcia w as su c ceeded by D rs. M arcelino A suzano, Jose Avellana Basa, T eodoro C. A rv isu , Facundo Esquivel and Dr. Justo R. Rosales. D u rin g the incum bency o f Dr. Arvisu the School o f N u rsin g was established in A pril 1923. T he isolation b u ilidn gs were constructed th ru the aid o f the B aguio W om en s Club and local m in in g com panies in 1923. Dr. F acu ndo Esquivel suc ceeded Dr. A rv: in 1 !*36 and d u rin g his incumbency the new con crete buildin g was constructed.
74 ]
Graduating Class of the Baguio General Hospital, 1929. Front row : I.eft to right Juan Dom ingo of Besao. B ontoc: Mrs, Ma ria Madrid, chief nurse; Dr. T, T. Arvisu. chief of the hospital: and Ticong Dario of Bokod. Beil guet. Back row : Left to right A suncion Guizando o f Itbayat, Batanes; A delo Baron of Baguio; Pelagia I.uhigay o f Balhalasang, Kalinga; anil Adcla Wanav o f Pan tikian, Kalinga.
IS
PA N O R A M IC
VIEW
OF
TEACH ERS
CAM P
GROWTH OF THE
Nestled among the pine-clad hills Baguio, is a little valley with its surrounding slopes and knolls known as the Teachers Camp. It is a vaca tion Camp for teachers where assem blies, vacation classes and conventions are held annually during the summer months of April and May. The esof Teachers Camp playground
tablishment of the Teachers Camp was due to Governor William Pack of Benguet, Mountain Province. Through his initiative he outlined a letter in December, 1907 to the Secretary of Public Instruction the plan for a camp where the teachers could be accommodated. Approval for the plan was given on January 8 , 1908 and thereupon action became the order of the day. 120 tents were bought from the military stores in the United States, and the 30 tents were ordered from Manila. Tent floors were con tracted from the Benguet Commercial Company in Baguio; a bath house W ith complete facilities was provided. The Teachers Camp was opened for the first time on A pril 6 , 1908, and closed on May 30. It was attended by 217 adults and 24 children; the highest number in Camp at any one time was 190. The life of the Camp was most enjoyable. The first teachers assembly in Ba-
TEACHERS' CAMP
guio opened on A pril 20, and closed on May 15. The opening address was made by the Hon. Dean C. W orces ter, Secretary of the Interior who gave a most interesting account of the history of the plan to make a great sanitarium for the people of the Is lands, and of the Benguet Road. Four lecturers from the United States were present. The Camp site was known to the Igorots as O-rengano . It was the site chosen for the buildings of the Baguio Industrial School for Igorot boys, and covers an area of more than twenty hectares well timbered with pine trees. A considerable amount of labor was expended in clearing the site. Four assembly tents were put up for kitchen, dining, and storage pur poses, and two other tents with wood floors for, classes room purposes. A nipa and sawali building which had been used in Manila for the school exhibit at the Philippine Carnival was transported to Baguio, set up there and used for assembly purpose at a cost of P200.00. The room y house known as Barrows Balay which was to be used fo r a dorm itory, was thrown open fo r the use o f the cam p ers. Special rates for teachers and other employees o f the Bureau were
Teachers taking a lunch
>
Close
v iew
of
Teachers
Camp
ob ta in ed fro m ih e M anila - Dagupan R ailw ay and the fam ou s Jen kin s T ran sporta tion , w hich en ab led the ro u n d trip fr o m M anila to the Sum mer Capital. T he B en gu et C om m ercial C om pany was given the con cession to su p p ly m eals at the rate o f P2.75 per day. By 1909 the m aterial con d ition s o f the C am p had b een im p rov ed by the b u ild in g o f the K U R S A A L w hich p ro v id e d a substantial m ess h all in p la ce o f the m ess ten t o f 1908, and B oys
w hich becam e the social cen ter for the assem blies o f 1909. F rom the b e gin nin g as appropriations increased, the a ccom m odations at the Cam p w ere im proved; and by 1910 o th e r buildings were a dd ed; road leveling, and wide paths w ere extended th rou gh ou t the spacious Camp, at the sam e tim e an athletic field has been added. Since it was open ed, a S u perintendent, or a d irector had been designated every year to take charge o f the buildings 1916.
who
came
to
the
Teachers
Camp
as
lecturers.
and grounds, and to direct the ne cessary preparations for the holding o f the annual assembly. The Camp authorities have been providing tent accommodations, each tent being supplied with beds, blan kets, pillows, mattress, and other in cidental equipment. Visitors were re quired to bring their mosquito nets, towels and soap. It was also in 1908 that board is being provided by the Camp Caterer at P3.00 a day or P80.Baseball players c f Teachers
'JU per month ana tne servants ana children were given special rates. Du ring the early days o f the Camp, the Constabulary Band gives twelve con certs in the morning, and one con cert by the Cavalry Band through the courtesy of the commanding general of ihe Philippines. Camp fires, Caniao dances and other Camp recrea tions were also held. There was also a daily paper being published since the inauguration o f the Camp which
p w ith Mr. A rthu r McCann.
Social affair at the Teachers Camp in April, 1924. D ifferen t districts o f M oun tain P rovin ce w ere represented by the follow in g : Miss Kiangan, Miss B ontoc, Miss Benguet, Miss Ifugao, Miss Apayao, and Miss Kalinga.
publicized the activities of the as sem bly season. By Act No. 2182, the sum of twen ty thousand pe'jOS was further ap propriated for the construction of a dorm itory for Filipino lady teachers. In 1912, the follow ing buildings were constructed: Benitez Hall, Ladies Hall, Secretarys Cottage, Under-Sec. Cot tage, D irectors Cottage, and the Asst. D ir e c to r s Cottage. The B oa D orm i tory and the Ladies Hall were built in 1915 and w ere partly destroyed du ring the war. They were repaired with W D.C. funds in 1948. A lbert Hall which was com pletely destroyed was also reconstructed with the W. D. C.
tunds in the same year. The large amount of funds appropriated for Teachers Camp under the Public W orks A ct of 1927 made possible the construction of the Teachers Hall, the Tavera Hall, and the W hite Hall in 1927-28. This was also destroyed du ring the war and was repaired with W.D.C. funds in 194.8. More cottages were built in 1928 and all the bun galows were completed in 1930. In 1937 General Luna Hall was built by the Philippine Military Academy. Built recently are the Abada Hall, Hernan dez Hall, D irectors Cottage, and the Quezon-Roosevelt Memorial Hall.
- - o ------------------------
Mrs. A lice Kelly, an American pioneer and benefactress of Benguet made out standing contributions to the educational upliftment of hunderds and eventually thousands of Benguet Igorot maidens. She came to Baguio in 1901 accompa nied by her husband, James Kelly who together with a partner. Pat Galvin, staked out gold claims in Benguet. Her husband, however, was among the un fortunate victims of the cholera epide mic. Undaunted by her irreparable loss, she put her sorrows aside and planned a school for Igorot girls whose parents did not believe in the propriety of edu
The String Band of
cating females. Through her remarkable efforts, hostile parents w ere won over. Her dreams materialized in a grass thatched schoolhouse. Hers was the cre dit of having taught health and sani tation, homemaking, dressmaking, and fundamental subjects of A m erican educa tion to the otherwise unlettered Igorot girls. She left the Islands in 1914, but re turned to Baguio in 1926. Today, grate ful people of the Mt. P rovince always recall her struggles and her sh^re in the educational development o f the na tives particularly in Baguio and Benguet.
Bua School D orm itory.
TH E W AG O N TR A IN
[ 82 ]
m er o f 1904 w hile the section from Camp 4 to B agu io o f the Benguet road was not yet com pleted. On N ovem ber 14, 1904 the P h ilippin e Com m ission passed a resolution d irect in g the establishm ent o f a stage line
to operate between D a gu p a n and Ba g u io f o r the tran sp orta tion o f passen gers. D a gu p a n was then the ra ilw a y term inus. T he B en gu et road w a s declared open fo r service th rou gh ou t its entire length
The Stanleys with chimneys like locomotives were something new in those days.
- v ...
^ rH v
'- S '
ft
on M a rch 27, 1905 and the B en gu et Stage L in e (m u le and b u g g y ) was in au gu ra ted shortly a fter th at date. Thus was born the fore ru n n e r o f the B en gu et A u to L in e and B a gu io thence fo rth becam e accessible to and linked w ith civilization . T he fa r e s ch a rged then w e re : F rom D a gu p a n to B a gu io w ere P28.00 per ton. T he jou rn e y fr o m D agup an to B a gu io, a distance o f a bout 50 m iles, took e x a ctly 12 hours in clu d in g stop -over at T w in P eaks o f one and on e-h a lf h ours fo r lu nch and p ossib ly a siesta, P e r h aps the grea test in conven ien ce to pas sengers was n ot so m uch the tedious rid e o f ten and a h a lf hours in rickety stages as the d is co m fo rt at h a v in g to w a it in B a gu io f o r on e s excess b a gage w h ich had to be tran sp orted by e scort w agon s. It usu ally took fr o m tw o to fo u r days tim e, depending upon the con dition o f the road, f o r the es co rt w a gon s to rea ch B a g u io .
The high com m and o f the con stabu la ry corp s appealed to the com m ission to dispose o f the stage line since it w as a drain to con sta b u la ry purse and accord ingly that body authorized the sale. C. M. Jenkins, bull ca rt tran s portation con tra ctor and hotel o p e ra tor in D agupan and w hat is n ow Pines H otel in B agu io, purchased the line fo r 1*12,000. In the y ea r 1908 a ra ilw a y spur line w as com pleted fro m San F abian to Cam p One to con nect with the B en gu et road and the sta ge line under Mr. Jenkins made connections w ith the trains at the later place, the stage line w as still f a r fr o m sa tisfa ctory and in ord er to a ttra ct m ore people to B a guio it wias fe lt im perative to shorten the trip . A t about the sam e tim e the m otor car m ade its appearance in the P h ilip pines. P a rtly to rescue m ail tra n sp or tation cost and p a rtly as an exp eri ment, the Philippin e Com m ission au
fHE Z IG -Z A G ROAD
1936.
---0--west coast. In July, 1911 the Benguet or Kennon Road was disastrously da maged by a flood to the tUne of approx imately one m illion pesos. For two months, the road was closed to traffic and its re-opening and rehabilitation en tailed a cost o f P50,000 in five months lime. This incident paved the way for the Naguilian Road project.
THE
The Naguilian Road had its beginning as a horse trail from San Fernando, La Union to Baguio during the Spanish re gime. It was then improved and con verted into a cart trail during the early days o f American occupation. The trail was the only route to Baguio from the
The N aguilian Road, second a c cess route from the low lands to and from Baguio.
Dean Conant W orcester's resi dence at TopSide on the site of the PhilAm eriean com pound.
ing just at dark in the marsh below the Sanitarium, picking up quite a number o f birds. We had some trouble in getting about on account of the deep mud, and the birds had been shot at until they were very wild, so that out bag was not aii that it might have been.
DECEMBER 25TH
M ajor Carter, Evarts and I went for a duck shoot in the Trinidad Valley, tak ing Fritz along. We stopped at the Ex perimental Farm on the way. I found things there in an unsatisfactory condition, owing to lack of water as well as to the ill health of Mr. Jessup and the sh ift lessness o f Hendrickson, who has done
very little during the past year. The ducks kept pretty well out of reach. W e let the small boy shoot with his rifle to scare them up, and I finally managed to kill three and a couple of snipe. Before the shooting was over Fritz left for the Farm in order to invite the little Jessup girl to go to Baguio and share his Christmas tree. I overtook him at the Farm with an Igorrote to carry the little girl to Baguio, and returned ex pecting to take a hand in getting the Christmas tree, but found that it had al ready been obtained and was in process o f being decorated and hung with gifts. I then went over to look at the horses and other animals on the Government
F orm er residence of Benguet governors during the early days on the site of the Baguio City High School.
Stock Farm, and found them in firstclass condition- also met Mr. Anderson and Commissioner Forbes on a hill on the road to the Kelleys and had some talk with them about the proposed new town site, and with Commissioner Forbes in regard to having Kennon repair the ir rigating ditch and get water onto the Trinidad station at once. The Christmas tree, which was put in our sitting room, was lighted up imme diately after dinner, and was a great suc cess. Jennie came out and watched the
fun, and Dr. Mallory and Miss Doyle came up from the Sanitarium. The chil dren had a fine time, which they will doubtless both remember.
D ECEM BER 26TH
Rode down the new road with Commis sioner Forbes in the morning. Much pro gress had been made since Saturday. Afterw'ard, talked over plans fo r the town site with Mr. Burnham, giving him my views at his request, and answering so fa r as practicable questions which he ( Continued on page 104J
The trip was made in April, 1911 by Mr. Tinan and 2 companions. The veh id e which they used was familiarly referred to as W orld Touring Hupm obile . The hazardous and uncom for table trip was made on a rugged route and which took them 2 -1 / 2 days travel before reaching their destina tion. Together with Tom Hanlon, a mechanic, and Tom Jones, a newspa perman, Mr. Tinan made the trip without a systematic guide pertaining to road conditions and facilities on the Manila-Northern Luzon route. Their vehicle the W orld Touring Hupmobile was at the time brought to Manila by J. Walter Drake, vicepresident of the Hupmobile Company. Interesting and memorable portions o f the trip included travel on carabao cart trails and rice fields; crossing through a railroad bridge at Peiiaran da by the use of planks to provide
----o ---
M R. PERCY W AR N ER TINAN Was a eom form ed Baguio booster since the day he first saw Baguio and becam e a resident. He was the publisher o f the
make B agu io a ch artered city and young M alcolm w as selected to w rite the ch arter. H e planned a govern m en t which could be p ractica lly fr e e o f pet ty local p olitics and y et be autonom ous. The m ayor w as to be appointed f o r his executive ability as a civil en gin eer by the G overn or G eneral and he also serv ed as city and d istrict en gineer. T h e V ice-M ayor w as also opp ointed. One councilor w as appointed e x -e ffic io as com m andant o f C am p John H a y and another w as e x -o ffic io superintendent o f the C on sta b u la ry A ca dem y. T w o other cou n cilors w ere appointed b y the G overnor G eneral on a strictly non partisan basis o f capability. A s lon g as the origin al ch a rter was follow ed , Ba guio had an e ffic ie n t govern m en t and although con sta n tly exp a n d in g its schools, roads, and pu blic utilities, always had p l e n t y o f m oney in the treasury. The ch a rter, known as A c t 1963, becam e e ffe ctiv e September
1909.
.X
JU ST IC E GEORGE A. M ALCOLM , who had come to the Philippines as a young; attorney in the attorney gene ral's office, deserves the credit fo r giv ing Baguio City a liberal charter un der which she expanded to a well gov erned modern city. The Philippine Commission, while Forties was Governor General, voted to
M alcolm rose to be a m e m b e r /o f the Philippin e Suprem e C ourt and a lw a ys kept a fa th e r ly eye on B a g u io s p r o g ress. The city council, as a token o f it s sincere app recia tion f o r his big assistance, passed a resolution on M ay 23, 1932 ex p ressin g it s g ra tific a tio n on b eh a lf o f t h e city o f B a g u iio to Justice M alcolm . F rom tim e to tim e his w ritin g s about B aguio are recalled and they now serve as indispensable links to the past.
The city council co n vened to act on the revised city ordinances based on the com pila tion m ade by Justice M alcolm of the Sup reme cou rt. Seated from left to righ t: Col. O. M. John son, appointive cou n cilm an; Potenciano Lamug, elected; Justice M alcolm of the Sup rem e Court: In the m iddle is M ayor E. Haisema and at his left are: Felipe .Jose, M ajor E. Speth. retired U.S. A rm y O fficer and v lee-m ay or; and C. C. Soriano, acting secre tary.
CHARLES DANDOIS
Charles Dandois becam e Baguios ch ief executive in June, 1918 when he succeeded A. D. W illiams. A ccre dited with a fruitful administration, h e served until February, 1920 when
E. A. ECHMAN Second M ayor i, 1910 to an. 28,
E. W. REYNOLD
Reynold, first mayor o f Baguio with a term covering the period from Sept ember, 1909 to February 3, 1910, draft ed the first basical ordinances of Ba guio. He served for sometime as As sistant Fiscal General. F or the mayor ship, he was succeeded by Lieutenant Gov. E A. Eckman.
F. J- Halsema took over the mayor ship. His term was rem em bered for the installation of a water works sys tem at Pacdal and for the construc tion of several important concrete buildings. Like his predecessor, A. D. W illiams, he ably held three positions simultaneously.
American Mayors
ENGR. E. J. HALSEMA
To Mayor E. Halsema belongs the credit o f having devoted 17-1/2 years to unselfish public service that of having been at the helm o f the Ba guio City Administration. His accom plishments during his incumbency as mayor of Baguio w ere enormous and almost unbelievable the w e ll-p a v e d streets, a model market place, an ex cellent waterworks, telephone, and hy dro - electric systems, well - kept and ideal parks. In short it was he who
A. D. WILLIAMS
A. D. Williams, who was the fourth appointive mayor o f Baguio, served from May 24, 1913 to June, 1918. Du ring his term when he held three po sitions simultaneously as District En-
ein eer for Benguet, and as City En gineer and Mayor o f Baguio He ac credited him self with several achieve m ents among which w e re : construc tion of the Naguiilan Road, im prove ment of sanitation which was the num ber one problem of Baguio at the time,- installation of a sewage sys tem, water works, hydro-electric plant, and construction of roads in Baguio and vicinity. He, iikewise, served as D irector ot the Bureau of Public Works, t 92 ]
has helped greatly in laying a solid foundation for Baguios future. Under his administration, Baguio was rated as one of the most outstanding com munities in the Islands and its reputat;on as the cleanest city and the most progressive was indeed unsur passed. Mayor Halsema was a man o f unu sual ability. Being the chief executive of a city like Baguio with unusual climate and location would have been very difficult to a man of lesser abi lity and experience. But to Mayor Hal-
was to make Baguio the hub of a network of roads and thus create a new m ajor marketing center in Nor thern Luzon. The m ajor achievem ent was the 151 km. Mountain Trail from Baguio to Bontoc. W hen he retired from the governm ent service in 1937, he became president of the Marsman Construction Corporation in Manila. In 1939 he returned to Baguio to stay. Baguio was his greatest pride. When W orld W ar II occurred, he helped organize the Baguio A ir Raid spotting service. A s the invaders ap proached the city and governm ent ser vice broke down he took charge once
Halsema was born Dec. 12, 1882 in Ohio, New Bremen, the son o f a watchmaker and jeweler. He went to He became an asst, district engineer in Cebu. In 1902 he returned to New Bremen to marry his school sweetheart Marie Boesel, and came back to the Philippines to accept a jo b as dis trict engineer o f Pampanga in 1913. Snortly afterwards, he was appointed Mayor o f Baguio and Dist. Engineer at the same time as City Engineer. As district engineer o f Benguet, he launched a highway program which
m ore on orders o f the U.S. Arm y and saw to it that essential utilities rem ained in operation. The Japanese interned the entire fam ily along with other Am ericans at Brent School on Dec. 27, 1941. Failing in health, and ousted from the cottage he had rent ed. Halsema entered the N otre Dame Hospital at the beginning 0f 1945 and here during the carpet bom bing of March 15, he met his death in the holocaust that destroyed the city. His rem ains w ere interned in the Ba guio cem etery in March 1947. [ 93 ]
M AYOR
A. I). W IL L IA M S W ITH
C ITY O F F IC IA L S ANTI EM PLO YEES som e high ran king o fficia ls and em ployees. S ittin g in the m iddle suit. In the grou p are: L. Acosta, S. B ern a l, A . Q uianio, T. G . M endoza, S. D ulay, F ran cisco Y an d oc, C a ptain J. K eith, M. L . S. Santiago, I. A spillaga, P. Castaneda, J. B alajad ia, I. Castano. Ju d ge F. Zandueta, Z. T olen tino, Captain A . A costa, P. Pacis,
E n gin eer A. D. W illiam s, third appointed m a y or w ith in the second ro w is M ayor A . D. W illiam s w ea rin g w hite R illera, Sergeant F rigillana, Sergeant F lorendo, D. A quino, O teyza, P. C ontreras, L. M alon zo, B. H idalgo, Mr. Nartates, V. F loren d o, M r. O gbinar, C. Balbuena, G. Pena, P. Tuazon, M. A lvia r, M r. Diaz, J. R esu rreccion , T. Diaz, I. D um pit.
f t
f t
M AYOR
CH ARLES
D A N D O IS
W ITH
C IT Y
O F F IC IA L S
AN D
E M P LO Y E E S
Taken at the n e w ly built City H all du rin g the terra ot Mr. Charles D andois as m a y or w ith som e high ran k ing g o v ernm ent o fficia ls and em ployees. S h ow n in the m iddle sitting and w ea rin g a b lack suit is M a yor D andois. A m on g the grou p that may be id en tified are: Dr. T e o d o ro A rvisu , Pascual Pacis, Mr. F. N acnac, Mr. M endoza, M r. R egin o Villanueva, M r. C. Floresca, Mr. P. C ontreras, M artin A lv ia r, M r. L. A costa, M r . V. Florendo, M r. A n ton io R im a n do, Mr. Sixto D iilay, M r. A nacleto R im ando, M r. V ictor F loren d o, M r. Juan Castaneda, M r. W illiam Reese, C'apt. J. K eith , M r. Juan R esurreccion , etc.
GROWTH OF BAGUIO
A s soon as the Kennon Road was for m ally opened for regular service on M arch 27, 1905, the developm ent of Ba guio was channeled towards a brisk pace as per the famous Burnham Plan drafts ed by the great landscape architect, D. H. Burnham. On May 28, 1906, the first sale o f re sidence and building lots took place in accordance with the provisions o f the P ublic Land Act. The proceeds from the sale were used for the im provement of Baguio. In the spring of 1905. the Baguio Country Club was organized which at the outset was a rude, grass-roofed shed made o f pine slabs. In February, 1907, a country Club Corporation was organ ized with a capital stock of $5,000. From these modest beginnings, the Baguio Country Club has grown into an im port ant institution of today. The Baguio polo field was constructed with an immense toll on expenses. It
Engineer E. Halsema upon his assum ption of office as C ity M ayor. Am ong the city officials that can be iden tified in the group are: City Forester M. Oteyza, C o u n cilor P. Pacis, V ice M ayor Taggart, Chief of P olice J. Kieth, C ouncilor M. C arreon, Dr. T. A rvisu. etc
the
occasion
of the
retirem ent
of
M ayor
Eusebius
now stands as a memento to that great builder, Cameron Forbes who financed its construction and maintenance from his private funds. An important stride towards the growth of Baguio was taken when the governor-generals official residence was con structed at a cost o f $15,000. This edi fice was constructed without Governor Forbes knowledge that he was later to becom e governor-general. In 1908, a modern hospital and the governor-generals residence was com p leted. The governor-genreal is the only governm ent official being given a free residence. The policy o f giving an o f ficial residence to the governor-general in Baguio was adopted to conform with that which gives him one in Manila. In At>ril, 1908, Teachers Camp opened its portals to admit American school teachers from all over the archipelago. One hundred and fifty tents w ere set up under the shade of the pines for the use of the vacationists. Permanent buildings have been constructed. It has an athletic field, a mess and social hall, and several com fortable cottages. During the summer of 1908, the Bu reau o f Lands initiated a move o f send ing a number o f its employees to Ba guio and quartering them in tents Other
bureaus follow ed suit tnat during the hot season o f 1909, m ore than two thou sand persons made their sojourn to Ba guio.
(Continued on pagelGO;
E ngineer W. Ryan plotin g the C em etery.
police
force
organized
by
M ajor Joseph
Keith.
W hen Baguio was still a township, its police force was composed o f only twenty fiv e men under one, Mr. Eliseo Arzadon as Chief o f Police. This law -enforcing body was directly under the immediate supervision and control o f the Philippine Constabulary then under Lt. W . E. Dos ser, a form er B aguio resident. W hen Mr. E liseo Arzadon, resigned, one Mr. ONeil succeeded him. No record is available as to the latter s personal circumstances or an y other inform ation regarding him can be traced. On September 1, 1909 when Baguio be cam e the second charted City in the Philipines, a distinct police department also
this City throughout the occupation and le ft for the United States after libera tion. He died in Russeville, Kentucky, U .S.A. at the age o f 81. Although his administration was many steps below par w hen compared to the one we have now, it is safe to conclude that during his ad ministration, the force began earning the name of Baguios Finest . During the Japanese occupation, every thing was topsy-turvy. Most o f the 73 members o f the police force left without permission and the few who stuck to the Department were advised by friends that th eir presence w as imperative. Then a sort o f order was restored. Lt. Felipe Bugayong, a form er officer o f the Depart ment was appointed Chief o f Police. He stayed in this position until all police de partments in the Islands were incorpo rated in the puppet Bureau o f ConstabuCAPT. Baguio JOSEPH J. K IE TH C h ief of P olice P olice F orce, 1910-1942
'OLICE DEPARTMENT
lary. Then the Baguio Police Department became the 4th Mountain P. C. Company with Inspector Florencio Abacan as com manding officer. He was later relieved by Capt. Ali Alraschid, a form er PC officer and a graduate o f the form er Philippine Constabulary in this City. He was linked with the underground movement and was thereby executed by the Japanese. Capt.
Dictimo Ponce follow ed him as Com m an c ing O fficer. On A pril 27, 1945, there w as no polit department functioning. A s soon as tfcie Am ericans arrived the 33rd M ilitary P o lice, U.S. A rm y took over the m a in ten ance o f .peace and order in the city. The=i on M ay 3, 1945, the Baguio C ity P o lice Department was resurrected under time auspices c f the Phil. Civil A ffa ir s U n it 1 o f the U.S. A rm y. However, discipline wa.s sadly lackiM and that the members w er<
( Continued on page'll^ )
One o f the pictures of the entire Police Joseph Kieth in grey uniform .
p olice
force
taken
in
1937,
w ith
C h ief
SESSION ROAD in 1912, as seen by the camera o f F. T. Ryan. Among the struc t u r e s , from left to right, are theV.A.P. Hall, later used as the p ost-office; prison camp, Sly s bar, store and lodging house; the Nagatomi studio, Valles building, the W agner and Cuidno Carantes residences, and I.am Pings Store. In the foreground is the Burnham lagoon, with the first building on the Baguio Printing site at the right
Construction
of
Session
Road
To help further in the development o f Baguio, Mr. Forbes, then secretary of commerce and police decided to set the example by building a handsome and ex pensive home in Baguio. He formulated a plan by which a group o f government buildings, a mes,s hall, and a large nurrber o f small and inexpensive cottages could be rented by governm ent officials and employees, so that Baguio could be the true summer capital o f the Philip pines. A milestone in Baguios development was achieved when it was made a char tered city September, 1909. A real boom began during the sea son of 1910. The old sanitarium was leased to a private individual as hotel,
adding to it from time to time. The railroad had been extended to Camp One and a regular automobile service service was established for the conven ience o f the public between Camp One and Bajuio. The Jesuits constructed a rest house and an observatory while the Dominicans purchased the neighboring hill to erect a concrete building to be used for college purposes and as a rest house. At Camp John Hay, development be gan early. It is now a well-organized army post and furlough center. The religious orders sent their mis construction of
sionaries to help build Baguio. The Sis ters o f the Assum ption erected a hand some building which served as a rest home and a g irls school. The Belgian Canonist Missionaries erected a recupe ration center and a school fo r girls. Bishop Brent established an excellent school for Am erican boys and girls and a mission priests otherwise known as Missionary Priests o f the Church o f San Patricio, established their headquarters in B a gu io.' v Vng 1914, the Philippine Constabulary School building was established. It was
A ha nan. Street
W ork on Burnham Park, B agu ios central park, started as early as 1914. Igorot laborers, under the supervision o f A m erican engineers, are shown above breaking ground and levellin g the site of the park. In the background (upper righthand corn er) on Kisad Road, m ay be seen tw o o f the first buildings in the
constructed on a hill that commanded a m agnificent view of the surrounding areas and later transfered to Loakan. Business firm s such as the Compana General de Tabacos de Filipinas erected rest houses for their officers and em plo yees. Filipino residents o f Manila also did their share by building attractive
private and summer residences. With regards to public utilities ope rated by the city government, the fol lowing are consecutively arranged as per their establishment dates: Telephone sys tem inaugurater, 1903; market establish ed, 1908; water supply system began ope rating, 1910; garbage system was inau
-" t y . one owned by the late Representative Juan Carino and the other by the Hamada family. The house owned by Carino was destroyed during the last war while the building owned by the Hamada fam ily still stands and now houses the Baguio Printing Press plant. gurated in 1911; slaughter house was established, 1911; ice plant in 1912; sew eragc system started 1913; sanitary cam p established 1913; rock crusher installed, 1916; vegetable market building w as com pleted, 1918; concrete pipe fa clo r y was established, 1920, city dispensary was established, 1920; first h ydroelectric plant com pleted, 1924; Baguio auditorium was finished, 1924; electric fountain was com pleted and first operated in 1926; Baguio Central School cornpleted, 1924; extension o f sanitary sewer beyond Trinidad Irrigation, 1929. The greatest developm ent strides were undertaken from 1911 to 1918 during (Continued on page 114
A m on g
ine
first
buildings
along
the
m arket
in
1918.
THE
GOVERNM ENT
CENTER
( Continued from
page 87 )
wanted to put. W e all w ent out fo r a ride over the M ilitary Reservation and obtained some m agn ificen t views. I took Mr. Forbes to the hill where I hope ulti m ately to purchase a house lot.
The aftern oon w as spent in transacting business w ith various callers, and in v i siting G overnor and M rs.. Pack. In the evening w e had a fin e turkey dinner at the Sanitarium . A telegram w as received from Captain N athorst, who w as to have accom pained me on m y trip from Vigan and who was at th at place purchasing necessary D E C E M B E R 27TH food and a cam p ou tfit, stating that he I le ft Baguio about six in the m orning had been requested to furnish f if t y Ig orrote constabulary men fo r service in Ba- fo r San Fernando, Union. [ 104 ]
tangas or Samar, and that he desired go w ith them, as he did not know how they would behave under a strange o f f i cer. He fu rth er suggested that M r. Kane, the Supervisor o f Lepanto-Bontoc, w ould m eet me at any poin t w hich I chose to indicate and would make the trip w ith me, and inquired whether the suggested arrangem ent would be satisfactory. I w ired to Colonel Baker, the A ctin g Chief o f the Constabulary, quoting N ath orsts telegram and stating that the arrange m ent therein suggested would be satisfac tory to me in case N athorst w as needed elsewhere.
v tfr
The Philippine M ilitary Academ y, the nations builder o f men and leaders o f tom orrow , is an institution that cherishes a proud heritage and a glo rious tradition. Today it stands sup-
reme in its per.nanent home in Loa kan, eight miles from the heart of Ba guio with approximately an area of three hunderd and seventy three hec tares. The site which was fittingly
General Nathorst, second from left, is shown w ith Colonel D uskw orth-F ord Supt. of the P.C. Academ y, Colonel Livingston. Quartermaster, assist ant P.C. Surgeon, fo l low ing the Inspection and R eview held in Cam p H enry T. A l len, Baguio.
MILITARY ACADEMY
named Fort Del Pilar or Del Pilar Heights after the renowned Filipino patriot General Gregorio del Pilar, he ro of the battle of Tirad Pass has an administration building, a c a demic building, cadet barracks, cadet mess hall, tennis courts, parade ground. Looking back fou r decades ago, the Academy had its humble beginning as an O fficers' School o f the Philippine Constabulary at Sta. Lucia Barracks, Intramuros, Manila which was opened on February 17, 1905 and started by Brigadier General Henry T. Allen the conditions then obtaining in the Islands necessitated the opening of such a school to solve the problem o f officer supply to replenish the need fo r o ffi cers to direct operations against ram pant banditry, cattle rustling, and pet ty cases of local rebellion. Years later, on September 1, 1908, the school was moved to Constabulary Hill, Baguio, now known as Camp Henrv T. Allen, named after its founder. The mainten ance and operation o f tile school was
A ctin g Gov. General & Mrs. Bute, taken at the Philippine Constabulary. I.eft to right, M ayor F.arnsshaw of Manila, A ct ing Gov. Gen. Bute, Col. R.A. D uskw orthFord and M ayor Hai sema.
u im Rf^ecve or
con I'i niiod 011 A p r il II. JSM4 bv the p a ssa g e o f a p p ro p ria tio n A c t N o. 2311). T h e m ' I h i o ! w as later renam ed Aca* <lcmy fo r O ffic e r s o f the P h ilip pin e C o n sta b u la ry and its course o f ins tru ction was extended to nine m onths. Still later, on Dec. 8 1928, the Philip pin e L eg islatu re passed A ct N o. 3490 d e c la r in g as o ffic ia l nam e o f th e sch ool T h e P h ilip p in e C on sta b u la ry A ca d e m y ." The cou rse o f in stru ction w as m ade -i year, and the A ca d em y w as vested by law w ith the status o f a co l lege. H ut it w as on Dec. 21, 1935 that the A ca d em y rose to full sta tu re as a m ilita ry academ y w ith a fo u r-y e a r co u rse and the final ch ange o f its name to the presen t P h ilip pin e M ilita ry A ca d e m y . A ft e r the w ar. the A cadem y was re
railn a tien w ith
P resid en t
M . I..
Q u ezon
ARRIVAL OF FIRST AERIAL TAXICAB IN BAGUIO This group of passengers and Ba guio citizens who came out to w el come the arrival of the first aerial taxicab, February 21, on the- Polo Field. include (reading left to right) E. M. Bachrach, L. Charles Backes, pilot, Mrs. J. E. H. Stevenot. Mayor E. J. Halsema, M ajor T. H. Monroe, M ajor E. Speth and Don Antonio Melian.
In 1919, M ajor Brown, of the U.S. Air Corns successfully landed the fir s t plane on Burnham Park. The presence o f an ap propriate airport in Baguio, necessitated the establishment of an air field in La Trinidad. This was, however, abandoned after sometime when a plane crashed there due to adverse conditions. Seve ral attempts were made to land on Burn ham Park. But it was Major J. E. H. Stevenot and E. M. Bachrach who inau gurated safe Baguio aviation by landing on Polo Field in a Philippine Aerial Taxi airplane. The development of the Baguio A irport began in December, 1926 and much of the credit for the establishment o f this Loakan field went to the then governor general Dwight F. Davis for his untiring interest and indispensable help in secur ing the site. Others who did their part in the advancement o f aviation in B rguio by establishing the Loakan A irport were, namely, the board of A ir Corps O fficers who selected the site; General
Hines who gave com m endable and end less support to the p roject; Lt. Col. Max well Murray who facilitated the landing field negotiations, H. O. Heald who ori ginally discovered the possibility of Loa kan as an airport and who did his bit for the success o f the p roject through his capacity as President o f the Baguio Chamber o f Com m erce; F. D. Jost who surveyed and mapped the site; Creed C. Hammond who arranged fo r the re lease o f funds to be used in the pro ject; M ajor J. E. H. Stevenot who con tinuously lend his assistance and advice; Major Harms and M ajor Brooks, aircorps, who gave their cooperation and technical knowledge; Major E. Speth who escorted boards on visit to the site under consi derations; Capt. F. J. Heraty, Command ing O fficer o f Camp John Hay who gave invaluable assistance; and residents o f Baguio and Manila who lend material support fo r the realization o f a Baguio Airport.
The Philippine A e rial Taxi Airplane that landed at the Polo Fields.
PANORAMIC VIEW OF THE MARKET IN 1916 In 1917 the first concrete building was erected. As years passed, several struc tures were constructed to provide space where businessmen could carry on their trade. In the early days, the Baguio Market was just a place where the natives sold their garden products and other wares which they exchanged for other ne cessities.
In Building 1A which is the oldest building, wooden cuivlngs of the natives are sold. This are the handiwork of the skillful Igorots w ho carve beautiful articles. i
View of Burnham Park, shows on the left foreground, the race track grand stand (later the pre-war auditorium). Left of the old city hall is the old garden theatre owned by H. P. Whit marsh. To the right, approximately where the Sun-
[ 112 ]
shine Bakery now is, are the old P.C.C. store and the Mountain Hotel run by Mr. O'Dows. The big building in foreground is the former Benguet deputy governor's office and quarters.
...
w * 9
[ H3 ]
THE
SESSION ROAD
IN
1921 stallation and improvement of water supply; building of the Naguilian Road; solving the sanitation problem which was then a major headache of the gov ernment. Regarding the governm ent machinery when Baguio assumed the status of a chartered city, the city functioned through five members of the city council includ ing the mayor and the vice-mayor. The
the incum bency of A. D. Williams as city engineer, mayor, and district engi neer all in one. Frank T. Ryan was Mr. W illiam s efficient forem an. Outstanding achievements during the administration o f A.D. W illiam s were the follow in g : the laying out o f the city cem etery; grading of Burnham Park; opening of a race track: w idening most o f the roads: in The Valles Stahles
Igorot Advisory Council was composed of five members while the board of A p praisement was then composed of three members. The city treasurer handled ad ministration cash, accounts, registration, internal revenue, and collection. The city health officer took care of health and sanitation while law administration was in the hands of the Citv Attorneys Of fice and the Justice o f the Peace Court. and
The fire department, traffic control and city jail were handled by the Chief of Police. The two mem bers o f the coun cil w ere elected by popular vote. All other officials were appointed. The ma yor acted as city engineer aid district engineer simultaneously fo r efficien cy and to save salaries. The city treasurer was also the citv assesor and mining re corder for sub-province o f Benguet. The
The old stone market pictured in 1925. Note bull carts from the Mt. Province distant lowlands converged with merchandise for sale at the market place.
115
View of the Mountain Supply Store before the outbreak It was destroyed during the bombing of the city. and Atok Mines to the point o f almost m onopolizing the business along the line. It took another war to ruin his business assets. In 1944, he died. Determined to perpetuate his name in the business field, his children opened the Sunshine Bakery with a combination o f grocery and hotel on the old site of the form pr
of W orld War
II.
M ountain Supply Store, He was survived by his three daughters and a son w ho inherited his business knack. Time passes on but his m em ory will be kept alive as a Chinese-Filipino citizen w ho is a counter-part o f B aguios nm eress Supply Store is now being
The Sunshine Bakery forerunner of the Mt. managed by the heirs of the late L. K, Ling, Sr.
-> ii BUILDINGS THAT HAS BEEN CONSTRUCTED city attorney was acting as the provvincial fiscal. The post o f vice-m ayor was designated to ranking U.S. Arm y officer. One coun cilor acted as superintendent of the Philippine Constabulary. Baguio which is known by various epi Partial view of Baguio in 1930 thets as show window of tourism, city in the hills, dream city, Little Am erica and others, was form erly a municipality that comprises the follow ing barrios; Pugo, La Union, San Pascual, Acupan, Tuding, a part of Itogon, a part of Tuba
IN
\[b
and Baguio proper. Baguio proper was a part of Guisad Valley which was the main town during the Spanish days. Ses sion Road, Old Lucban, Irisan, Guisad, and Loakan were the old Igorot villages o f yesteryears. The present site of the Session Thea tre was a penal colony composed of about 500 liberty prisoners. The Happy Glen Loop area was the camp site for laborers of the Bureau of Public Works The Post O ffice site was once a consta hulary barracks and later a convent. Other reminiscences of what was once Baguio include the follow ing: Boy Scouts Headquarters site was formrely the site o f Bcguios hospital and later a post office until its demolition when the Benguet Auto Line occupied the place; the road entrance to the La Salle cor. ent from Legarda Road was a cemetery
used during the Spanish and American regimes; Teachers Camp athletic grounds was an and O.d Lucban w ere form erly catlle ranches of the Carantes fam ily; the Carino ranch extended from Camp John Hay to Burnham Park. Constabu lary Hill was form erly ow ned by the Rom eros during: the Spanish rule and later sold to the Government. The first catholic schools w ere the St. Patrick School for boys and the Saint Louis School for girls. The all time most colorfu l Baguio carnival was in 1915 when Chainus, the charm ing Igorot girl from Bua, was che sen queen. The only one who could run against her was Josephine Ryan. As to public holidays, Rizal dav was the one most generally celebrated with a big parade. The Fourth o f July ran a poor second. [ 117 ]
BAGUIO
CARNIVAL
AND
EXPOSITION
IN
192:
BOARD OF DIRECTORS, Baguio Carnival and Exposition, 192:!. Standing from left to right: H. T. Hayakawa, Ceferino Floresca. Deputy Gov. Juan Gaerlan. Mr. James A. Wright, A. V. Jacinto and C. A. On. Sitting from left to right: Jose Castro, Director General. Col. F. E. Taggart. Dr. Teodoro Arvisu, First Lieutenant Howard Edmunds and Mr. V. Valle.
aA
THE 1923 BAGUIO CARNIVAL W AS THE PROJECT OF THE BAGUIO CIVIC LEAGUE
The Baguio Civic League was founded by the late M auricio Oteysa. A m ong its fir s t project w as the 1923 Baguio Carnival the object o f which is to awaken in the people civic conciousness and the desire to help Baguio prosp er. F u n d s w ere raised during the Carnival fo r the Rizal M emorial Hall. They made a p rofit o f P10,000 and this money was used fo r the construction o f the above mentioned hall. to what Pizarro found am ongst the Incas o f Peru their intensive rice produc tion by means o f terraces, their weaving and w ood-carving and basket-making, their knowledge o f m ining and working gold and copper, as well as their system o f ownership o f real property, all were remarkable now. These, then, are the people whom you are asked to come and see in their own beloved mountains. T o see their advance ment, their adaptation on the m ore mo dern methods o f industry as well as that o f form er years. It will be an Exopsition dem onstrating also, the home life o f these sturdy mountaineers, their typical vil lages, their sports, their contests o f war and peace, all will be brought together fo r your inform ation and your admiration. They are friendly and kindly, these high landers, and they cordially invite you to visit them. [ 121 ]
trate the natural resources, the local in* dustries and the activities of the people
o f the Mountain Province and the conti guous Ilocano provinces from whence came, in a great measure, the culture and examples which developed the industries o f the mountain peoples. Down through the centuries have come traits o f indus try and character, traits brought with them when, perhaps thousands o f years ago, an Indonesian migration came in from the north and w est; came from lands already well advanced in civilization. In deed, at the time of the Spansih invasion o f the Philippines these highlanders were living in a state o f civilization similar
CHAINUS GUIREY K now n as t*>e Benguet Queen and sweet heart of the Mountains.
The empress ai;d queens with their consorts of the 19/3 carnival
|2Lfc
CARNIVAL
QUEEN
OF
IStrs
OTTO
The former Martina Salming, now Mrs. J. Carantes. The late Dr Hilary Clapp was her consort.
SCHEERER DANCING ( \M AO
The Bensuet
113
able to trade with the early Chinese traders fo r gems in exchange fo r gold. Interesting discoveries had been made in the Benguet hills by archaeologists to give proof of old Igorot mine workings. It is. likewise, a community belief that long be fore the coming o f the Spaniards in the Mountain region, the Chinese emigrants prospected fo r gold. Igorot labor was at the time exploited by the Chinese invad ers. Am ong the most interesting primitive methods o f mining which were handed down from generation to generation were the follow ing:
Igorot woman with stone crusher Surface ore was removed by a simple method. In the hollow o f one rock, the ore was ground to powder by means of a small rock fitted into the hollow of a larger stone. The small pieces o f rock-
124
down the rock by building a fire against its face and dashing cold water on the heated surface. He carries out the ore in baskets, the gangue likewise; or drags it out in larger baskets or stoneboats made o f hollo\.ed logs attached to cara bao hide thongs. Many tunnels are ne cessarily small and tortuous-following the ore in the hard rock; but some credit able shafts, raises, winzes, stopes, and fills are seen. The best Igorots methods of timbering, stoping, and back fillin g are admired even by American miners. The Igorot worked in and down as fa r as feasible; driving tunnels many meters long and putting in raises or shafts until stopped by very hard rock or w aterflow. They endured the foul air until their smoky torches refused to burn. A ll the modern mines are developments o f old, partly abandoned, Igorot workings. Still another method was panning o ff the free gold found above water level and skillfully washing the gold-bearing sands from the river beds. Because of the ab sence o f tools, machinery, and explosives, the natives made use o f a washing board and a large shallow wooden bowl. Quartz
An Igorot woman panning the gold dust, was pulverized by hand and then washed. For a trip hammer, a sapling was fasten ed to a heavy stone. F or an anvil, an other stone was utilized. Thus, the quartz placed on the anvil is crushed by the trip hammer. The crushed quartz was then pul verized and washed in a coconut shell containing gogo sap juice. The arraste or the wooden bowl has a charge of
50 pounds. the rock due to the action of the steam produced from the water content of the rock. The native cop per was picked out of the ore and the bal ance was roasted in a furnace.
While gold is "by far the chief mining interest of the Igorot, he has mined some salt, flint, opal, mag netite, possibly coal and iron; but his oth er main mining inte rest has been copper. The copper ore bo dy in Man k a y a n,
where streaks may carry about 20% cop. per, was successfully worked for centuries before the advent of the Spaniards. The ore was bro ken down by means of iron instruments, and by fire; which was also used to break up
GOLD MANUFACTURE
W hile o f necessity, much o f the gold is disposed o f in the form of bullion, the Igo rots o f course love the beautiful metal for itself and have made ornaments and utensils fo r their own use. They mould
and
hammer
out
earrings,
necklaces,
finger rings, carabao and pig figu res; and at Tabio they mined the gold which they beat out into gold dishes and even a hat. Jose Fianza, a form er rich owner o f an Antamok mine, had manufactured from gold a whole set o f dishes and numerous other articles.
PIONEER PROSPEC
As told by J. D. HIGHSMITH, WALTER F. HALE, CHARLES L. ODOWD C. PATRICK DUGAN and others to L. L. WILSON
In the picture above E. A. Shevlin is p ic tured with three Igorot m iners, washing the ore they have obtained through mining m eth ods used for centuries by the natives.
They said, Thar is gold in them th a r hills. The Am ericans who came over with the U.S. Arm y some 50 years ago, were an adventurous lot of pioneer stock and many of them stayed to make their fortunes and help develop the Philippines. The lure o f gold called some o f the hardiest ones to the wilds o f the tangled mountains o f Benguet, long renowned fo r its production of gold and copper by the natives. Seeking gold in them thar hills a party o f ten men, U.S. Volunteers lately discharged from the service, made their way to Suyoc prospecting fo r gold and to M ankayan for copper. Shortly joined by others, they were Billy Birch, Jimmy Chambers, W . F. Hale, Frank Johnson, Dan Ming, Charley Pettit, C. E. Nathorst, Tom Newcomb, Henry Reader, C. M. Pioneers who blazed the trail for the mining industry in Benguet pose for a picture. From left to right are: Joseph K. Icard, the late Mrs. Lillie Icard, the late George M. Icard, Mary Icard, Tom Phil lips, Miss Liggett, an English teacher; Carl Schneider and Edward Shelvin.
Thorndyke. (a m in in g en gineer fro m A r i zon a ), A1 W rig h t (fo r m e r co lo r bearer in Roosevelts R ough R id e r s ), and Bill W ood ward. T h a t same yea r another p a rty, G eorge Ica rd , G a ffn e y and Probosko, cam e over land through Candon and jo in ed them. L a ter on others ca m e: A lfre d H ora ,
First gold pouring at a P.I. cya Hide mill at Ai.tamok in 1!I07. John Muller, Meader, AI Pettit, John Gillies, V. Lednicky, Pat Hoover, C. P. Dugan, S. J. Douglas, etc. The first comers got together and or ganized a Mining Association, adopted the U.S. Mining Law (two years before the Philippine Islands government did) and then started staking mining claims. Hav ing little money and finding native me thods most profitable, they mined the rich stringers at Palidan, Dugoay and Isamy. Hale and Thorndyke were the first
TORS IN BENGUET
Americans to bring an assay ou tfit to the Philippines. Muller, a husky young German, distinguished himself for his re cord run over the steep Igorot trails to distant Baguio and back bringing medi cine fo r Meader. He is said to have made it in a little over two days. Muller was the first civilian in the Philippines to be struck by a Jap bomb from which death resulted. John Muller ana James Chambers both Exploration work was done during the oldtimers and mining propectors in Baguio and Mt. Province posed for a picture with their Igorot helpers. by farm ing. Others, like Ex-G overnoi Hale, Col. Nathorst, Hoover and Icard went on to make fam e or fortune else where. The pioneer prospectors did not strike it rich ; but profited mostly in the rich thrilling experiences which they had: al though some (either they or their heirs)like Cahmbers and Muller, have become well to do by means o f their interest in the claims which they staked and retain ed always insisting that they were rich. Am ong the pioneer prospectors and miners in the Baguio gold district were J. D. Highsmith, Jack H artwell, Cal Horr, J. F. Reairs, Clyde Pat Galvin, Nels Pe terson, P. J. ONeill, H. H. (B londy) Ho ward, C. P. Dugan, A. I. Reynolds, George Icard, Louis Hil Vaid, Tom Phi lipps, W. A. Ebert, L. L. Banon, Carl Schneider, Gus Peterson (Igorots Pete) M. A. Clarke, John Morrison and Jim Kel
iyThe Headwaters follow ing years the Mankayan-Suyoc area. However, no* mine was developed un til, during the big mining boom (in 193237) the strong Lepanto and Suyoc min ing companies were organized to explore and developed the ore bodies there. Some o f these early pioneeis such as Hora, Reader, Gaffney, Pettit, Douglas, Gillies and Dugan found good wives among the native women, settled down (as well as such pioneers can for aw hile) to raise fam ilies, making their living partly
Possibly the first of the Am erican miners was Jack H artw ell, who in 1901, set up a three stamp mill on Hart well Hill near Sumayao. Hartwell died o f small pox in a hastily constructed iso lation shack in Burnham Park, attended by L. L. Bar ron. Dr. J. W McDill, who had grub staked Jack, had the claim s patented and they were afterw ards purchased by John Hausermann for Benguet Consolidated Mining Company. Another old tim er was Cal H orr, who located his claims along the Kias trail and lived fo r years on the ridge where a mill was later built by the Cal H orr Mining Company, owned and operat ed by Benguet. Cal H orr drove many o f the tunnels with his own hands and when broke, would make another grub-stake w orking as a team ster fo r the U.S. army. Some Am erican missionaries also helped him. Finally Carl H orr was killed, probably by unknown Igorots, while rest ing under a pine tree on his w ay back, to the mine with a load o f food stuffs. His cargador was also murdered and his body buried in a nearby canyon, throwing sus picion on him. One o f the most picture sque characters was J. F. T ex Reavis, who had come with army as teamster. He was an old Alaskan sour dough, who came to Baguio and operated a small stamp mill with amalgamation plates powered by a Pelton wheel, on the Camote and Clayton claims at Antamok, now owned by Benguet. A t clean up time Tex, also an old cow puncher, would sad dle up his pony and ride up to the Pines Hotel. There he would deposit his bar of gold on the bar and treat
C. Patrick Dugan A miner and prospec tor who became well-todo during the mining boom. everybody until it was used up. He would entertain visi tors to his mine by feeding them soudough bread and singing to the music o f his violin. A fte r he sold his claims to Benguet, he made a trip to the States and there married Juanita of Joaquin Miller the poet. However, she did not follow him her s e lf; but only with divorce proceedings. N ext he bought Klondyke Hot Springs, built a hotel and sold it. Then he married a young Igorot and settled down at Camp 4 to raise goats, starting with 30 and ending up broke. Judge Hausermann pensioned him to live at the Benguet mess; but he pined away and died; being buried in his own pre viously made coffin during a raging typhoon in the Bag uio cem etery: ever news to the reporters. Nels Peterson was the industrious prospector who staked out many o f the claims which are now held by Baguio Gold, Benguet Consolidated and Balatoc Mining Companies. He also acquired claims o f the pres ent Itogon M ining Company organized in January, 1925 which had been staked out
by H. H. Blondy Howard and P. J. O Neill. His wife Mary, who became Mrs. Jan. Marsman, inherited these in terests and the two became wealthy from these mines and others. Nels Peterson and Clyde were the first to install a mill in the Baguio district It was at Antamok. Gov. William F. Pack described their activities in these words. These men made their own mill, with its stamps, and with their own hands put it together again everytime it would fall apart. It was a crude flim sy piece of machinery, with an amalga mating plate so small that; it would ordinarily be consi dered impracticable, probably about2 - l / 2 feet long, yet with their indomitable ener gy and perseverance these men worked about 300 tons o f ore through this little mill, and saving perhaps G 0% o f the gold in ore, the rem aining 40% being left in the dump. C. P. Dugan arrived in the Phil, in 1910, assigned to Troop K 2nd cavalry U.S. Army, and helped p a cify the Moros in Mindanao and Sulu. A fter two years, his troop returned to the States where they spent three years stationed mostly along the Mexican border. Dugan re turned to the P.I. in the Q.M. Dept., being assigned incharge o f a mule pack train which made frequent trips from Camp John Hay up the Mt. Trail and on as fa r as Lubuagan. One camp was at Suyoc where he was fascinated by the high grade ore which the Igorots were grinding with rub rocks, and resolved to get his discharge and settle there. However World W ar I took him to Fiance and Germany.
L 128 ]
Coming back in 1920, Du gan headed for Suyoc. He be came the mines shift boss at Benguet Consolidated; until 1929, also at Itogon, Balatoc and Su.voc. Finally finding something o f his own, he became general su perintendent o f Benguet Ex ploration. The late J. J. Murphy had mining as his main interest. While paymaster on the Kennon road he located the claims (later called Benguet 1 Goldfields) where a gold de posit had been opened up by road construction, later ab andoned. He turned this group in with, the adjacent Demonstration Gold Mines, Ltd. ( organized in 1932 with a capital o f PI,000,000) dur ing the boom and became its controlling back holder. W . E. Billy Ebert was a kindly prospector who staked out what became the property o f the Antamok Gold Fields and also other claims in Tuding. A fter E b erts death in 1929 John Mul ler and Rudolph Kappel bought fo r P500 the claims on which Antamok Gold Fields was organized in 1932 with a capitalization o f Pl,375,000. H. H. Blondy Howard was another colorful figure. He was lanky, bald headed and had blue pock marks on his face, gotten in a suppos ed m isfire powder blast while working to build Ken non road. He was a first class hard rock miner and a top prospector; but never worked very hard at them as he figured that he can get along on his wits. He did ma nage to ju st get long with the help o f friends. Am ong other claims he located were those at Itogon, Gold Hill and the original claims in Atok o f the Atok Gold Min ing Company.
MINING
Construction w ork on the new 10-stamp mill of the Benguet Consolidated Company, Baguio. A s say office to left, mill site near center, storehouse to right, pipe line and haulage tunnel from mine in background. the prospects o f early ON pioneer prospectors mines were gradually developed cul minating in the big mining boom getting underway in 1931, gathered momentum each year, and com ing to a bursting clim ax late in 1937.
Benguet Consolidated Min ing Co. was the first mine
to really go into production. Organized as a Sociedad Anonima on the claims staked at Antamok by Clarke, Clyde and Nels Peterson in 19051907, it erected a small mill at Antamok creek which was wiped out by a devastating typhoon flood in 1909; and
w ith it the interests o f Clarke and Clyde. Reorganized w ith a capita lization of PI ,000,000 by A tty. John W . Hausserm ann, w ho in 1913 became presi dent, the com pany finally constructed a 2 0 0 ton mill. But it had its ups and downs until in 1924 the long Colbath drainage tunnel w as driven and ore was developed on ex tensions o f all levels. An ambitious expansion program was adopted; the size o f the mill increased and the rich Balatoc M ining Company taken over on a 50-50 operat in g basis. D uring the next
Pre-war Balatjc
CAL HORR MINES decade, Benguet took over se veral other valuable proper ties, including the huge chro mite deposit o f Consolidated Mines at Masinloc, staked by L. L. Wilson in 1933. The com pany greatly increased its capital stock and issued lush dividends which example was one o f the big inspirations of the m ining boom. The happy combination o f circumstances which influenced the begin n ing o f the boom w as; ( 1 ) a higher price fo r g old ; ( 2 ) the presence o f considerable Spanish and Chinese capital w hich could not be sent home due to civil w ars; (3 ) the ex trem ely prosperous conditions in the sugar and coconut in dustries, thus making money plen tifu l; (4) the prosperity o f the few already going mines and the known pre sence o f mineral deposits not yet exploited. The increasing output and the successful operation o f Itogon, Baguio Gold, Big W edge and afterw ards Lepanto also added to the momen tum o f the local mining boom.
Big W edge Mining Company
was organized on another old Igorot mine at Muyot. Dr. Thomas, early connected with the Baguio Hospital, had a claim patented there. Later W hitm arsh brought a mining engineer named Tom Philipps, from A ustralia to explore
two years before by A. I. Reynolds and George Icard. The Igorots, who were allow ed to mine there in lieu o f assessment work, and Joe Icard opened up considerable ore. In 1931 the Big Wedge Mining Company was organ ized on these groups includ ing Antamok Central, and F. B. Morehouse, recently from Korea, was put in charge. A small amalgamation mill was installed and the capital spent in exploration and de velopment work.
Atok Gold Mining Comapny,
'
meanwhile had been organiz ed by group o f the Baguio Gold people. Its own prospect at Atok proving fruitless,
Pre-war Benguet Consolidated the gold deposit. Then in 1921-1922 the Muyot group of mineral claims was located by Gus Peterson (Igorote P ete), A. L. Reynolds, W. A . Ebert, George M. Icard and Fred Hardin. The Reynolds group had also been located Atok took over Big Wedge and installed a modern cyanide-flotation m ill; so it was able to declare its first 1 0 % dividend in 1937. In 1948, Atok combined with Big Wedge to form Atok-Big W edge Mining Company with an authorized capital o f F6 ,000 , 000 .
Lepanto Consolidated Min ing Company, was organized
toward the heieht of the min ing boom by Nielson & Com pany upon the strong recom mendation o f its geologist George Scholey. As narrated hitherto, it was on the site o f an old Igorot copper mine where the Spaniards had
I *
done extensive tunneling and obtained some copper. Several fortunes had been spent there during the years, but the ore body had not been found. However, mining engineer V ictor E. Lednicky was still persistent in his belief that a mine was there and so most o f the mining claims were combined into Lepanto Con solidated and a 400-ton flo tation mill was started up to mill the old Spanish dump and some o f the exposures. Luckily as the ore was fol lowed, a tremendous body of good grade silicified shyolite coppei-gold ore was opened up under the capping o f andesite. Thus this mine has
Pre-war Itogon corporated through the e f forts o f Joe Rice on claims located by Igorote Pete and associates. Demonstration district, the
Suyoc Consoli Company was
dated Mining
organized on claims secured or staked out by Douglas, Pedro Taw as, L. L. W ilson and others. Twin Rivers Gold Company Inc. w as planned to re-mill the supposedly rich tailings o f the gold mills at Antamok and Balatoc. South erly of Itogon Mining Com pany is the Macawiwili Gold
Mining & D ev. Co., Inc. Batong Buhay Mining Company
Pre-war Demonstration mines been developed into the big gest copper mine in the Orient. Meanwhile Gold Creek Min ing Company with a Pl,00 0,00 0 capitalization had been organized by C A. O' Dowd and his associates and the ore milled by the nearby
Antamok Gold fields Mating Company wihch was organiz Gold Mines, Ltd., was largely the result o f the work o f J. J. Murphy in a combina tion o f his Benguet Goldfields, o f W hitm arshs old Copper King and Crown Mines, Inc.
was organized on a rich vein in Kalinga, originally staked by L. L. W ilson. During the boom all these latter mines were being ope rated, but they were gradual ly closing down one after an other until the w ar closed the rest and none were in condition to open after the war. H owever some have ex cellent possibilities as general conditions improve and will be operated again in time.
In
the
ed by A . Soriano. A company was organized which built a mill on Cal H orrs old mine. It was operated by Benguet Consolidated. Benguet Explo ration w a s organized on claims secured or located by J. D. Highsmith, Pat Dugan, and J.H. Sampson. Gold Ri ver Mining Company was in
Fr. F. CARLU
Dr. H. E. STAFFORD
Director of the First Civil Hospital Dr. H. E. Stafford, recipient o f an Order o f the Purple Heart fo r meritorious service during the early Am erican oc cupation o f the Philippines and author o f several Igorot tales like The Sun Gods W ife which are now Congressional Li brary rarities, was the man responsible fo r opening the Ba guio Santarium in 1902. A ranking surgeon, he came to the Philippines with Gen. Arthur M acA rthur Jr. and served as personal physician to all form er Am erican governor-generals o f the Philippines from W. Howard T a ft to Cameron Forbes. He was the director o f the first civil hospital in Manila and became an active member and one time liberation he went to Sta. Cruz, C aliforpresident o f the Baguio Rotary Club. He nia with his w ife and had their residence was considered one o f the important fig there. He died years ago. ures in Baguio and Mt. Province. A fter
GEORGE ICARD
Another name in B aguios gallery o f pioneers and oldtimers, was am ong the Am erican volunteers who fou gh t during the Spanish-Am erican W a r in 1898. Baguio became his home shortly after his retirement from the Arm y. He worked fo r the Baguio Gold M ining Company and the Ben guet Consolidated and engaged in mine prospecting. By his first marriage, he had 4 children. His second w ife, Lily whom he married in 1933 opened the fir s t Christian Science School fo r Igorots. In 1936, he contracted a third m arriage with E ffie G rey o f California. During his lifetim e he organized several m ining cor porations K ing Solomon, Nayak Mines, Icard Mines, Gold Coin Mining Co. He was a form er stockholder o f the A tokBig-W edge Mining Co. He died in San Francisco, U.S.A. on February 4, 1938.
GEORGE ICARD
J. J. MURPHY
Am ong Baguios builders, he came over building the Kenncn Road from 1901 to with the American troops in 1900 and 1904. F rom 1908 to 1912, he served as was among those who v.-e; b employed in Disbursing O fficer and property clerk o f the Bureau o f Public Works. W hen Baguio was made a J. J. MURPHY chartered city in 1909, and when the need for wholesome en tertainment became more acute, he built the Baguio Cine and engaged in various business enterprises. In no time he made his enterprise a going concern. He built a concrete theatre edifice and named it Alhamar-Chainus, the best in town at the time. The mining boom merely made the show business more lucrative. He later sold the Alham ar to the Bachrach Motor Company. Born in Detroit, U.S.A. on M ay 3, 1878, he made Baguio his permanent home together w ith his fam ily. He was one time office manager o f Healds Sawmill and was among the organizers o f the Baguio Chamber o f Commerce.
H. C. HEALD
Founder, Heald Lumber Company H. C. Heald, among the pioneer-builders of Baguio came to the city in 1906 when it was still a wilderness. With Oscar F. Campbell as a partner, he saw the vast possibilities of the lumber business in Benguet, especially in Baguio. He took over Whitmarshs sawmill and in 1908 founded the Heald Sawmills. Starting with a small timber concession, he initiated the first aerial tramway at a 4,000 feet span and succeeded in spite of skepticism on the part of observers. From a H. C. HEALD small beginning and after the Company was formally incorporated on April 20, 1934, Heald Baguic City and the Mountain Province, which position, can mainly be credited Lumber Company continued to grow side to the growth and progress of Baguio by side with Baguio City. Today the Company ranks as the fore City itself. most com m ercial lum ber operation in
J. D. HIGHSMITH
J. D. Highsmith came to the Philippines in 1900 with the U.S. Arm y, but it w as in 1902 that he first saw Ba guio. His name will always go side by side with the dis covery o f Antamok Goldfields, Benguet Exploration, and the rich quartz vein that made Balatoc, the ranking enterprise in Philippine mining. In 1904, he worked in H. P. W hitm arshs sawmill. In a short time, he contracted a strong susceptibility to gold prospecting. In 1907 he had H. B. Gallager, now deceased, J. D. HIGHSMITH as his co-worker. They soon located the Leonora group, rewarded when he found the rich quartz now a part o f Baguio Gold. He later vein. joined Cal H orr in the same endeavor. A t Tip-Top, Baguio, he built his home He got the thrill o f a lifetim e when he adjoining a house owned by his son, succeeded Thomas Philips as superinten Tom on a spacious lot. dent o f Balatoc Mines which was then the Acunan. His conscientiousness was
JOE RICE
Pioneer Businessman
JOE RICE
He came to Baguio after twelve years o f service in the U .S. Arm y as a private first class. Baguio conditions awakened his business instinct and with a capital o f merely a few pesos, he launched a business career by opening a small store. Later, he engaged in the vegetable business bringing the much needed commodity to Manila. It was he who ori ginated the baskets in which to ship produce and who initiat ed the move to develop strawberry grow ing. He imported strawberry planting on a large scale. He engaged in other ventures and, likewise, succeeded real estate brokerage, and ways known to be civic-m inded and charitable especially to the needy.
JOHN W . HAUSSERMANN
(Baguios Adopted Son) Any resident or non-resident o f Baguio City who has not heard of the name of JO H N W . H A U SSE R M A N N has not set foot on Philippine soil. For the name H A U SSE R M A N N automatically means GOLD in big golden capital letters. Jurist, businessman, civic-leader, philan thropist Mr. H A U SSE R M A N N has showed, in his lifetime, a love and respect for the things that Mother Earth would show him. In his own ingenous way of handling everything worthwhile in life, he was very successful in putting Philippine Mother Earth to his own use fo r the be nefit and w elfare o f the Filipinos. H A U S S E R M A N N is synonymous with the Philippine gold mining industry. A fter a colorful life in the Philippines running the gamut o f a respectable dispenser o f punishments according to the law to business executive, from when he earned the sobriquet o f JUDGE, this grand old man o f the gold mining industry fin ally settled down to make Mother Earth help him make his adopted country as happy a country as he would like it to be. It was mainly due to his faith in the gold mining industry that the Philip pines became a gold producer. His Ben guet Consilidated gave employment to thousands and thousands who, otherwise, would be tilling the farms or be lying idle fo r want o f something better to do. Later, his numerous philanthropic projects endeared him to the talented but financially handicapped. His interests ran from the simple but hard-working laborer to the high-browed scientist who never turned out the evening lamp in the eternal figh t to make mankind happy and healthy. To this day, HAUtSSERMANN is mentioned with awe, respect, and dignity everywhere you go in the country. W hat is BAGU IO TO -DAY is one o f the crowning glories of H AU SSERH A N N s life, variously dubbed with no small measure o f awe and deep respect by even the most hardened businessman as Philippine Mining Magnate, Philippine Gold King, Pioneer o f Modern Industry, Mining W izard, Outstanding Captain o f Industry, he has consistently shown a hu mility that reminds one of the Scriptures. He has never forgotten his humble begin nings as a young graduate of law (aged
Judge
20 years) o f the University o f Cincinnati, from when he moved on to the Leaven worth, Kansas, where, soon, enough, he earned his spurs to merit an appointment as City Attorney. He served well and creditably. When Am erican volunteers were called to the colors to assist in the liberation of the Philippines from Spain, young H A U S S E R M A N N w as a 2nd Lieutenant o f Company C o f the Kansas volunteers. P referrin g to remain in the islands, he was instumental in the drafting o f the first Manila Charter. Soon, he became an Assistant AttorneyGeneral. Retiring from government ser vice, he became a partner in the Coudert Bros, law firm . He was immediately in the thick o f private law practice in Mani la and soon became senior partner o f the H A U S S E R M A N N , Cohn, and Fisher law offices. On his setirement from private law practice, he gave all his figh t to the development o f the m ining industry in the country. Becoming B aguios prime booster was then inevitable.
tory and in 1923 had closed contracts with various large stores in the United States where they had met the representatives o f these companies at the sugar conven tion in Atlantic City. The candy factory was a paying proposition from the start, and had Mr. Marsman continued in Ma labon Sugar Co. no doubt these candies would have been known throughout the F ar East. In 1924, Mr. and Mrs.- Marsman moved to Baguio to start the development o f a group of mining claims there. The fol lowing year they incorporated the Itogon Mining Co. in which Mr. Marsman not only served as General Manager, Trea surer, etc., but who actually worked very hard to make it a success. He gave two solid years o f his time solely to the de velopment o f the Itogon Mine. Mr. Marsman organized Marsman & Company, Inc. in 1929 in a small office on Session Road in Baguio that was to become later the core o f 26 associated entities. Each year saw a great stride to wards progress, so much so that the companys activities became international in scope that included diversified business in mining, sawmilling, construction, smelting, freight hauling, financing, trading and in surance not only in the Philippines but also in Batavia; Hongkong, Thailand, Burma, Malaya, Netherlands, East Indies, London, San Francisco and New York. For his vast contribution to the mining industry in the Philippines, Mr. Marsman was conferred the honorary degree o f Doctor o f Engineering by the Colorado School of Mines, U.S.A., in May 1939. A business magnate of international re nown, he tackled with ingenuity the task o f rehabilitation and reconstruction of the tremendous damage inflicted by the war on his industrial empire. In the Philippines particularly, Mr. Marsman was responsible fo r the organ ization of the Philippine Abaca Develop ment Co., co-organizer of the Palawan Quicksilver Mines, Inc., the Palawan Con solidated M ining Co proofs o f his in genuity, foresight and executive and or ganizational ability. To Baguio and the Mountain Province he left his imprint upon progress.
<
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JOHN MULLER
He was born in Wurtzburg, Germany. A t the early age of 14, he left Germany and settled in Ledville, Colorado. It was there that he acquired invaluable experiences in mining. During the Spanish-American War, he joined the Colorado Regiment as a volunteer and was among the first to ar rive in the Philippines. Upon his discharge from the ar my, he together with James Chambers, Sr., engaged in mine prospecting in Mankayan, Mt. Province. Later, he served as foreman in Cervantes under the Bureau of Public Works. JO H N M U L L E R From the year 1924 to 1932, he w orking Co. Since his arrival in the Philippines ed as foreman in the Benguet Consoli and until his death as a war casualty dated. During the same year he bought in 1942, he lived in Baguio and the the claims of Mr. Evert and Mr. Rudolph Mt. Province. He was m arried to the Kuphell in the Antamok Goldfields Mines. form er Laney Ngaosi o f Mankayan with In Lepanto, he and Mr. Chambers staked whom he had 11 children, 6 sons and 5 their claims in an assessed area which daughters. w ere later entered into operating con tract with the Lepanto Consolidated Min-
Colonel W . E. DOSSER
Ex-Lt. Governor of Ifugao Colonel W. E. Dosser, one time commander o f the first military district o f the Philippine Arm y with headquarters in Baguio. As a young constabulary lieutenant from 1908 to 1909 he maintained order and won the confidence of some 13,000 turbulent Ifugaos. He was appointed Lieute nant Governor o f Ifugao on June 13, 19^6 whose term lasted until Feb. 1, 1927 when he was assigned as district com mander of northern Luzon with headquarters at San Fer nando, La Union. On Feb. 1, 1929, he relieved John C. Early o f the governorship o f the Mt. Province. A fter this, he was called upon to serve as inspector general o f the Phil. Arm y follow ed by a resumption of his form er post as District Commander o f Northern Luzon. W herever he was assigned, he helped build roads and trails, established schools and important stations, erected buildings, and sub dued hostile tribes.
COL. W . E. DO SSE R
ippines as eariy as 19U1 as a civilian clerk employe o f the U.S. A rm y until 1912. He worked with the Manila RailGeorge O. Stewart came to the P h il- road and later entered into a partnership with Frank Smith in a tri-enterprise transportation, hotel, G. o . S te w a k x and general store in Bauang, La Union. With a Baguio branch, their freight service in no time included ihe various mines and the government mail. Later in Bauang, La Union, he became an independent hotel and transportation owner. In Baguio, he set up in 1925 the Pines Garage with 30 busses and freight trucks. W ith the assistance o f his only son Claude Stewart, he managed the enterprise until 1933 when it w as sold to another party. He was born in August 10, 1879 in M orant Bay, Jamaii ca, British W est Indies. He passed away in 1938.
A pioneer in transportation
Mrs. J. H. Marsman as a hostess at a charmingly arranged dinner at the Pines Hotel celebrating the birthday of J. H. Marsman, B.J.S. Ohnick, E X . Hobbs, David Blythe and Doornboscb, an annual net-together occasion (or old friends daring Use pre-w ar days.
ing industry in the Philippines. Mrs. Marsman took over the tremendous responsibilities o f the Marsman organ ization when the late Jan H. Marsman, one o f the ablest industrial leaders o f the country, died on ^May 5, 1956. She had watched, seen fo r herself, and actively engaged in the prowth and ex pansion o f the Marsman interests by dint o f faith and hard work. She provided the solid basis o f the success o f the late Mr. Marsman as an industrialist and business man. The people o f Baguio and Mountain Province may know very little the role that she is playing in the furtherance of progress in this part; of the country. But the part that she is contributing towards a sound economy fo r the young Republic cannot be ignored or disregarded, and as long as she lives vse are certain she will keep that faith and radiant hope in the bright future of not only Mountain Prov ince but also the Philippines which she has come to love. A firm believer in the riches of Philip pine soil, Mrs. Marsman by using her per sonal funds is w orking steadily to make the Philippine Abaca Development Co. a paying proposition. One-half o f the plan tation is being planted to rubber which she fu lly believes the Philippines can and will produce in quantity. The lower ground is planted to coffee, coconut and
cacao and in order to help bring in an in come cover crops are grown; as the soil is very fertile and productive, the cover crops pay part o f the expense. She hopes that by the end of next year it will really be a worthwhile long-range project. She was solely responsible fo r the founding and development c f the Palawan Quicksilver Mines, Inc., the only quicksil ver (m ercury) mine in the Philippines and one of a handful in the world. Under her management as President, the mine is undergowing further expansion. This company is a very consistent dollar earn er for the country and has paid out more than a million pesos in cash to stockhold ers in addition to a 50r /- stock dividend. She is President of the Hoechst-Marsmaa, Inc., which was recently established. Farbwerke Hoechst is one o f the largest chemical firm s in Europe located in West Germany. She is also the President of the chromite and mercury mine, the Palawan Consolidated Mining Co. The Business W riters Association of the Philippines at its annual awards meeting voted Mrs. A. Marsman as W o man Executive of the Year (1958), for outstanding executive ability in the managment of the vast Marsman enterprises. Mrs. Mary A. Marsman became a Fili pino citizen on January 5, 1934. She was born in Edinburgh, Scotland.
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Mrs. Mary A. Marsman President ITOGON-STJYOC MINES, INC. as Baldy an old Am erican prospector. In 1924, Mr. and Mrs. Marsman gave serious thought to the form ation o f a com pany and shortly after Mr. Marsman separated from the Malabon Sugar Com pany he took over the engineering part of Itogon. A company was organized and the Headwaters mill was brought and in stalled at Itogon. The early days o f I5enguet Consolidated and those c f Itogon were not easy. Mrs. Marsman built the fir st school in Benguet Consolidated and actually ran the school with the aid of two Filipino teachers. The school was also used fo r church services and sometimes as a recreation center fo r the employees. Mrs. Marsman started the M. P. Tranco, Inc. in 1930. Mr. Marsman then had al ready opened a small office, which was his hobby, and which today is called M ars man & Company, Inc. This organization, established in O ct ober 1929, grew steadily and developed into a group o f 20 entities which, prior to the outbreak of the war in the P aci fic, was successfully engaged in m ining, sawmilling, construction, transportation, smelting, financing, trading and insur ance. The Marsman organization was the fir st to organize a complete management, operations and supply service fo r the min-
Mr. Otto Scheerer while searching for the famous Mummy Cave, with Dr. Jose M. Carino and some relatives.
Dr. & Mrs. Eugene Stafford, Baguio oldtimers are shown in their spac ious garden. Note the blooming Easter Lilies and other imported plants that have been introduc ed by them during their stay here.
During the early days horse riding was one of the com mon pastime of Ba guio oldtimers. I11 the picture are Mr. and Mrs. F. X. Ryan with one of their friends in Camp John Hay.
th e v is it in g con g r e s s io n a l DELEGA
TION were warmly w el comed by Baguio citizens at the reception given by tne Gold Mining Ass. at the Baguio Country Club. Standing left to right, E. M. Bachrach, Chief of Police J. J. Keith, Vice - Pres. John M. Garner, Major J. E. Stevenot, Dr. H. E. Staf ford, Judge John W. Haussermann, and Dr. Teodoro C. Arvisu. Seat ed, Mrs. Arvisu, Mrs. Stevenot, Mrs. Garner, Mrs. Stafford and Mrs. J. N. Evangelista.
Opening of the Baguio Gun Club. Here the group is shown in the midst of festivities, about 50 mem bers and guests attended the opening of the Ba guio Gun Club which was held on Sunday, May 8, 1937. Tom Highsmith and Capt. J. J. Kieth were the only marksmen able to make perfect scores of 25 hits. The lechon, hot dogs, and draft beer were much en joyed by all.
t One of the trips of Mrs. Mary Mars man in Baguio dur ing the early devel opment of the mines. In the same group are Mayor E. Halsem i, Mr. Marsman and vice - m a y o r Speth.
ront row , from left to right: Nick Kaminski. Alvin Rudquist, J. A. Hamton, Frank Krueger, M ajor E. Speth, H. L. Fisher, H. Eugene Stafford, John Grau, J. A. Nlll, Mike Ryan, and D. Walstrom. Second row , from left to right: Walter E. Smith James sses, J. D. Highsmith, Mathias Kier. Arthur E. McCann. Chief of Police J. J. Keith and Jorge Ratcliffe. \MERICAN VETERANS CELEBRATE OCCUPATION D A Y ON AUG. 13, 194C To com m em orate the 42nd anniversary of the occu pation o f Manila by the Am er ican soldiers, veterans o f the SpanishA m erican w ar in Baguio gathered at the Shamrock Hotel. D irectly responsible fo r this oldtim ers gathering w as J. A . Nill. These oldtimers v.'ere prom inent figu res in governm ent, business, and m ining circles. The gathering served to recall the early experiences they had in the Philippines. Resplendent w ith their service medals, the veterans looked back with pride to their achievements to boost the w elfare and pro gress in the Islands. Thess 18 pioneers are included in the picture.
Baguio Post No. 9 of the American Legion held a regular monthly meeting at the private picnic grounds of M ajor Hill Speths home, May 1, 1940. Eighty-seven World War veterans headed by General W.S. Grant, commanding general of the Philippine Department attended. Dignitaries seated in front from lett to rignt: c o l. J. E. Cambell, General J.T.H. Orear, Capt. Kenton, P. Cooley, W.T. Graham, Ed Mullaney, Gov. Walter Hale, General W.S. Grant, Major E. Speth, Col. R.M. Carswell, M ajor John D. Hood, Col. J. M. Love, E.E. Little.
9.
Members of the American Legion, Philippine Department, Baguio Taken during installation of Past Officers at Baguio, September 1937.
Post
No.
Baguio Teacher Training Institute, April 2-12, 1923. This picture was taken at the old United Church of Christ building at Burnham Park. In the group are some American and Filipino teachers who attended the Institute.
One of the pre-war meetings of the Christian Science Organization at the City Auditorium with Mr. & Mrs Marv Icard.
Manuel L. Puezon and visitors to his Pines City home during the legislative leaders trip to Baguio. Left to right: M. Reyes, Dr. Andreas Trepp, Mayor E. Halsema, Mr. Quezon, M ajor E. Speth, J. Rosenthal, Manuel Nieto, and James Wright.
A picnic party given by Vice-M ayor Emil Speth in honor of President Manuel Quezon during one of his trips to Baguio. In the same group are; Dr. Manuel Canizares, Mayor E. Halsema. M. Reyes, Sixto Laraya. etc.
A B R IE F H IS T O R Y OF B A U U IU
Am ong the leading founders and builders of Baguio were Masons who were wont to inform ally gather together. Some time in 1920 they organized into the Square and Compass Club which held its meetings on the second floor of the Senior Mess Hall at Teachers Camp. Deciding to form a Masonic Lodge, petition was filed with the Grand Lodge o f the Philippines and on D ecem ber 23, 1920, the Most W orshipful Grand Master issued the necessary Dispensation and a Charter was granted on January 25, 1921. Thus the Lodge was constituted and the first officers were publicly installed with a big party and dance in the Union Mess Hall at Teachers Camp on March 28, 1921. The principal officers installed were: W.M., Bro. J. w. Smith (Capt., U .S.Arm y, Camp John H ay);
S.W., Bro. J.W., B ro. Sect., Bro. S D eacon, C B ow ers (Col., P.C., Camp A llen); Saturnino David (C ity T reasurer); M auricio J. Oteyza (D istrict Forester); Bro. A rthur E. McCann (Custodian, Teachers
Camp).
From Teachers Camp the Lodge Hall was transferred successively to the P.M.A. Hall at Camp Allen (1921), the B.P. Hall, and the Executive building, Governm ent Center, where in 1924 this picture was taken.
Bottom R ow : Fran cisco Gumula, M a jo r Pedro Dulay, Arthur E. McCann, Capt. J. W. Smith, (G en .) Simeon de Jesus. Casiano R i vera, and M auricio 3 . Oteyza. Middle R ow : Editfcerto Madrid, P ri m o San P edro, Pio Rosas, Mr. W hita ker, James Wright. Capt. Olympia and Capt. Relosa. T op R ow : Juan R e surreccion, H. Blancas, W. H. Reese, Martin Carreon, Eugenio P la ta, Ceferino F lorcsca, and Fran cisco de Gala. Thus the L odge grew.
B ottom R ow : Francisco Gumula, M ajor P edro Dulay, Arthur E. McCann, Capt. J. W. Smith, (G e n .) Simeon de Jesus, Casiano Rivera, and M auricio J. Oteyza. M iddle R ow : E dilberto Madrid. P rim o San Pedro, P io Rosas, Mr. Whitaker, James W right, Capt. Olym pia and Capt. Relosa. T op R o w : Juan R esurreccion, H. Blancas, W. H. Reese, Martin Carreon, Eugenio Plata, C eferino Floresca, and Francisco de Gala. Thus the L odge grew.
Prospecting, in 1935 while Juan Medina was Master, the Lodge purchased a two story building on Abanao St. from Fiscal Zandueta and established its lodge hall there. H owever, the Lodge was desirous of having a suitable building and about tw o years later sold the Zandueta building for P20.000 and bought a lot on Legarda St. near the Baguio Central School, assessed each brother P50 for a building fund, and planned a temple. W hile Juan Resurreccion was Master and John W oodson was secretary in 1937, the property was mortgaged to Joseph Rice for P18,000 (payable P100 m onthly) and a handsome temple costing some P32.000 was erected to St. John. There follow ed several good years. Came the 2nd W orld War which dispersed the brethren and placed about
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Another pose of the members and o f ficers of the Baguio Lodge No. 67, F & A.M. In the group are Mauricio J. Ot eyza, Casiano Rivera, Primo San Pedro, Edilberto Madrid. Martin Carreon, Laureano Santiago, Juan Resurreccion, Ceferino Floresca, Fran cisco de Gala, Capt. Olympia, Capt. Relosa, and Quintin Paredes fourth from the left in the first row.
Meanwhile a new temple was being advanced. Each Lodge mem ber was as sessed P12 yearly for the building fund. In 1952 secretary Laurence L. W ilson made an application for a city lot on Legarda St. facing the Baguio City Hall. This was allowed in 1957. While Anastacio B. Querimit P.M. was Master in 1958 an attractive tem ple costing nearly P20,000 was constructed on the lot and dedicated by the Grand Lodge. It was free of debt. The O fficers of the Baguio Masonic Fraternal Association Inc., w hich con structed the temple, consisted o f : Anastacio B. Querimit, P.M., Pres.; Jack E. Gesner, vice Pres.; Esteban Bsngaan, Sect.; Tomas Galgala, P.M. Treas.; Protacio R. Ritumalta, Auditor; Eugene J. Kneebone, P.M.; Stanley J. W illimont, P.M.; Eric G. F. Nordstrom , P.M.; and Laurence L. Wilson (serving as H iram ), board members. Since Bro. John W. Haussermann made the large donation of P10,000, the building is called Haussermann Hall. Here we trust the Lodge w ill prosper.
FRANCISCO YANDOC
One of the First Elective Councilors Francisco Yandoc, cited by the city government o f Ba guio as among the pioneers who made substantial contribu tions to the development and progress o f Baguio, featured as one o f the first batch of Christian lowlander arrivals in 1907 and took up permanent residence in the city ever since until his death on November 9, 1939. He spearheaded his trek to Baguio by operating a store on wheels fo r the laborers who were working on the Kennon Road. He follow ed the road until its final completion, there FRANCISCO YANDOC by reaching Baguio in 1907 with an accumulated capital which h invested in a store, He found himself are now prominent citizens o f the city. in n c time, a real estate owner o f subsBorn in Angeles, Pampanga, he was a stantial holdings. He was one o f the first member o f the Veterans o f the Philip elective councilors o f Baguio with a term pine Revolution with the rank o f lieute from 1916 to 1919, and a lifetim e hono nant colonel. He was the proprietor o f the rary member o f the city board o f asses then Yandoc Hotel and Apartments in Ba sors. He le ft behind him his children who guio.
BASILIO M. CAGUIOA
Prominent Businessman World W ar I. In 1918, he was supplying He came to B aguio as early as 1909, when Baguio was in the initial stage of food to the German prisoners taken into becom ing a chartered city. custody by the Americans who were brought to the site which is now the Stone A fte r having undergone numerous Market. Due to financial reasons, he went hardships as hotel helper under Mr. Jen kins and a Baguio Observatory assistant fo r some time to Bauang and engaged in under his uncle, he engaged in business farm ing. Up to 1930, his products found in a small scale w ith practically very their way in the Baguio markets. Success m eager capital. In no time he found him came to him in a landslide so much so self a successful businessman dealing in that in 1930 he found himself the owner groceries and fu el otherwise known as o f a few trucks which were under con talacsan prior to the outbreak o f the tract by the Bureau o f Public W orks un til the outbreak o f the W orld W ar II. His trucks were how B A SILIO M. CAGU IOA ever, taken by the Americans and the Japanese. His losses were repaid by the W ar Damage Commission. W ith five new trucks he resumed his business as contractor dealing in lime, stones, and gravel. Besides being the owner o f the St. An thonys Lime Factory, he is, likewise, the proprietor o f the newlv constructed Caguioa Building located along Trinidad Road. His personal data show that he was bron on M arch 4, 1885 in Villasis, Pangasinan; the son o f Joaquin Caguioa and Anacleta M orante. He is a widower with five children all successfully established in their chosen line.
LAM PING
Pioneer Businessman
Born 83 years ago in Canton, China, he came to the Phil ippines at the age o f 2 0 . As a stepping stone he joined a group o f Chinese workers in the Cavite shipyards under the U.S. N avy. A s early as 1909, he came to Baguio to invest together with a partner in a small store which was then lo cated near a creek along Session Road, now the present site o f the Hotel Plaza. He found him self in no time the sole ow ner o f several stores in different parts o f the city. In 1930, he put up a long concrete structure on his l l a m p in g sion Road which housed the then pre-war Highland Supply. It was destroyed during the bom bing and his unselfish services to the development w as only rehabilitated after the libera- o f Baguio. tion. He is also a recipient o f a diploma Married to W ong Nam with whom he o f award from the city governm ent fo r has five children.
CASIANO R IVER A
Ex-Superintendent Benguet Auto Line He hailed from La Union where he was born on Aug ust 13, 1892. He started from the bottom as a ticket sel ler in the Benguet Auto Line from Dec. 20, 1911 to August 31, 1912. Prom oted to station agent from September 1, 1912 to August 31, 1918, through merit, he was again pro m oted to assist, supt. and held the position capably from Sept. 1, 1918 to July 11, 1919. Finally, he rose to the position of superintendent on July 12, 1919 until March 15, 1930. The Benguet A uto Line was then under the Bureau of Public Works. Mr. Rivera was prevailed upon to continue his w ork in recognition of his meritorious ser vices. He becam e superintendent from March 16, 1930 up to Jan. 28, 1957 until he retired. Married to the form er Marina Baiiez.
FAUSTINO P. N ACNAC
Former Assistant Chief of Police His experiences in line with service tilitie? in the Fil-American war, Mr. Nacbegan when he served as a guerrilla un- nac joined the Philippine Constabulary in der the command o f G. Aglipay and Gen. Vigan, Ilocos Sur. In 1903 he made a J. Aleiandrino. Upon the cessation o f hos- brilliant record such that he was one of f a u s t in o p. n a c n a c tjiose called upon to represent the PC in the Universal Ex position, St. Louis, Missouri of 1904. On June 27, 1910, he joined the Baguio P olice Force. From the ranks he rose to become the assistant chief o f police serving until 1943. During the war he joined the underground m ovement as an informer. Born in Dingras, Ilocos Norte on February 14, 1884, the son o f Lazarc E Nacnac and Maria Pompa, he attained his early education from the Spanish School until he fi nished 3rd year from 1893 to 1898 in Laoag, Ilocos Norte. He is married to the form er Angeles Pascua with whom he has five children.
-,
Francisco de Paula de Romero y Gomez, son of a rankmg miiltary man ir Spain, arrived in the Philippines in 1890 when from his native Andalucia, Ronda, Spain, he came with some Spanish governm ent officials to w ork as Ayudante de Inginiero in San Fernando, La Union. He further served as a forestry officer and during the last year o f Spanish rule in the Philippines, he held the gov ernorship for Benguet sub-province. Under the American, administration, he was the first to register his w ifes claim for a tract o f land covering m ore than twenty hectares f . p a u l a de rom ero which is now the present site o f the e^er, bought it later to the tune ol Constabulary Hill and a part of the mar P200,000. ket site up to Manzanillo lot, under Gov He married form er Adela Vibes A gu iernor Whitmarsh, first governor o f Ben naldo, a first cousin o f Gen. E. Aguinalguet. He won rightful possession o f the do in 1901. He died on May 30, 1931. land in question. The government, how-
PASCUAL PACIS
Pioneer In Government Service PASCUAL PACIS Pascual P a d s record o f service dates back to the Spanish regim e when he served as a public school teacher and as a m ajor under the command of Manuel Tinios brigade. During the Am erican administration in the early days he was appointed by Gov. W illiam Pack as treasurer and was appointed by G overnor W illiam Pack as treasurer and secretary in Adaoay, Tublay, La Trinidad and Di'sdis from 1904 to 1906. He served in different categories after this in 1907 as deputy and clerk o f Benguet under the administration o f Governor Pack, as property clerk o f the Division o f Mt. Province under the Superintendent of Schools: as custodian from 1908 to 1909; as solicitor o f law for the 4th Judicial District and notary public fo r the Mt. Province. He served for three times consecutively as a mem ber of the City Council o f Baguio from 1916 to. 1925. He was Justice o f the Peace in Bontoc from 1926 to 1931. He resigned to practice his profession as notary
PU bIiC -
WONG YIP
WONG YIP
Pioneer Businessman A Chinese oldtimer who knew Baguio in its infancy, he came to Baguio as early as 1904. He served as cook for one o f the engineers working on the Kennon Road Later, he became assistant cook in the first Baguio Sani tarium. He switched to business at the time o f the first Baguio Carnival & Exposition. Since then and until the outbreak of W orld War II, he concentrated his work in busness. His business enterprises were ruined during the war He died at the age of 79 in China.
LEUNG MING
He came to Baguio during the years when he had to travel by means o f bullcarts from Dagupan to Baguio. The Benguet Road, then was completed as far as Camp 3, and for the first time he saw Baguio, Session Road was yet un der development. Since then and until his death in 1935, he lived in Baguio and became part and parcel o f Baguios business progress. First, he opened a small sari-sari store. Then he established the Baguio Bakery along Session Road which catered mostly to the miners. Accidentally, the said store was among those burned in 1936. Before com ing to Baguio, he was first em ployed at the Cavite Navy Yard under the direct supervision o f a Spanle u n g m in g iard.. He acquired a working knwoledge one time as one o f its directors. A ll o f o f Spanish and English from a private his 7 children w ere Baguio-born and tutor. Born in 1899 in Canton, China, some o f whom are now naturalized F ilihe was one o f the founders o f the then pino citizens. Baguio Chinese Ass. w htre he served at
EUGENIO M. V A LD EZ
The late Eugenio M. Valdes who died on June 24, 1929 will be remembered as a pioneer in the governm ent service. As early as 1904, he settled in La Trinidad and figured prominently in governm ent affairs. He served as clerk un der the Spanish Governor, Jose M artinez in La Trinidad. Then follow ed invaluable services as a public servant which in short revealed the follow in g: as secretary-treasurer o f Kapangan; transferred to Legleg, Terba, Benguet, from to La Trinidad and then to Camp 4; as an internal revenue agent in La Trinidad, then in Bokod, transferred to Bagulin, Benguet, then to Prego and Sablan and later to B agu io; Deputy S h eriff in Baguio under Judge H arvey from 1923 un til his death at the age of 60. civic a ffa irs of the city. He m arried the A product o f the old Mar.ila High form er Catalina Octaviano o f Balaoan, La School, he is survived by his six child- Union, ren who are all active in business and
JOSE D. LISING
Jose Dizon Lising who was among Ba- lang, Pampanga where he spent his earguios prominent oldtimers until his ly youth as a sacristan. He saw action oath on July, 1953, hailed from Maga- as a soldier in the Filipino revolt against Spain under Gen. Makabulos. A fter his marriage to the JOSE.D. LISING late Timotea Rom ero, prominent landowner of Tarlac, Tarlac, he devoted his time managing his w ifes landholdings. Unfortunately, he lost all his material possession through gambling. It was then that he accepted an invitation from relatives to settle in Baguio in 1910. In Baguio, he en gaged in a carinderia business fo r one year. The follow ing year, he entered the government service as a road cons truction foreman and later as general construction foreman of the Bureau o f Public Works under Engineers Peredo and District Engineer A. D. Wiliams. He was among those who built the Halesma road, form erly the Mountain trail. He resigned from the government service as soon as his seven children were old enough to take over.
FRANCISCO B JALON
Pioneer Businessman He was born in Zamboanga, Zamboanga on Dec. 3, 1882, the son o f Manuel Jalon and Gregoria Barrero. Three years before the arrival o f the Americans, he was an agricultu rist. Under the American regime, he was a m o n g the first to volunteer as a soldier in Zamboanga for one year. Upon his discharge from the Army, he ventured in hat making with Isidro Duenas in Pangasinan until 1913. He came to Ba?uio during the later part o f 1913 and established his own hat factory with a silversmithing shop until 1915. In 1916, he constructed a dancing hall in Campo Filipino and at the same time acnuired a lumber concession in F. B. JALON Irisan until 1929 m e n he engaged in the Baguio G olf Club. He acquired 14 trophies for excellent dry goods business and in fou r years he golfmanship." was able to put up an apartment build Mr. Jalons better half was Francisca ing which was unfortunately destroyed during liberation. A few years after li Dulay with whom he had one child who beration he put up the Plaza Theatre. is married to Dr. J. de la Rosa. He like He was one o f the top ranking golfers o f wise, adopted a son. three children, all boys, Ortega, Oseo and Sinai. An Early Japanese Pioneer in Baguio Hamada was the first forem an of the Heald Lumber Company. It was while Reukitze Hamada, from Kagoshima, Ja employed in a sawmill o f the company at pan, was am ong the fir st Japanese to Ilang that he met an accident which caus im m igrate to |the Philippines from tne ed his death. He slipped under a circular Land o f the Rising Sun, and one o f the saw and his body was cut in two. v ery fir st to arrive in Baguio. He was He opened the first Japanese general by occupation a mechanical foreman. store in the city o f Baguio, which was He was in Baguio as early as 1908. He doing a thriving business until his death. m arried into the Carino fam ily, taking The store was in the vicinity o f the Ba as w ife Josefa Carino, the eldest daugh guio Hotel today. It was the precursor o f ter o f Mateo Carino, by whom he had the pre-war Japanese Bazar. This Japanese' died on January 14, 1912 at the early age REUKITZE HAM ADA o f 31 years. H is conduct as an immigrant was exemplary. He le ft quite a legend in the community upon his death. Kagoshima is the southern most point of the Japanese archipelago where most of the generals in the history o f the Japanese Imperial Army come form . The first m ilitary ad ministrator o f the Japanese occupation in Baguio, General Nagasaki, is from Kagoshima. Natives o f Kagoshima are be lieved descended from Malays v h o reached the southern shores of Japan from Malaya and Indonesia. They have a dialect o f their own, not understood bv the common Japanese. The sawmill in which Hamada worked was moved two or three times before the fatal accident. The first substantial houses constructed in Baguio were supplied boards from the sawmill in which he worked. He became one o f the big Japanese abaca planters in Davao before the war.
REIIKITZE HAM AD A
JUAN GAERLAN
Pioneer in Government Service Juan Gaerlan, was one of the fir st Filipino to obtain a berth fo r Mt. P r o v in c e in Congress in 1931. He was among the deserving group named by the then Gov. General Davis to represent the Mt. Province. Born in Tagudin, Ilocos Sur on July 7, 1884 to an Ilocano-teacher couple, he obtained his higher education from San Juan de Letran and an American night school. H aving passed the civil service examination in 1903, he was designat ed by Gov. Dinwindie of Bontoc-Lepanto as interpreter in Spanish, English and Igorot languages. Then, he was named treasurer and later deputy collector until advisor for the Mt. Province, deputy g ov1909. Afterw ards, he assumed various ca- ernor fo r Benguet in Jan., 1922. pacities prior to his appointment as reAm ong his achievements w ere: the inipresentative for the Mt. Province, name- tiation o f settlement organization, the ly, exchange officer, assistant postmaster, construction o f school buildings, the corn' secretary provincial treasurer for Lepanto pletion o f the Bontoc highway, the edusub-province, mining recorder, Cervantes cational upliftm ent of the mountaineers, town treasurer and notary public, properHis w ife was the form er Adela MiLs, ty clerk o f the provincial treasurers o f- daughter o f Spanish engineer Don Jose fice and road foreman, agriculturists for Mills. > La Trinidad and Bontoc until 1919, farm
HENRY KAMORA
Ex-Representative, Mt. Province One who figured prominently in the educational upliftment o f the natives and Later, he became the fir st Igorot to be struggled to elevate the living conditions employed as Sec-treasurer under the then obtaining from barbarism to civiliza- township governm ent in Kabayan in 1907. vion is Henry Kamora, mayor of the He was also responsible in establishing Municipal district o f Kabayan. He at- the first intermediate school in Kabayan. quired his early schooling from Mr. Cle- To his credit, the follow in g achievements mente Abellera who was then the Secre- may be mentioned: as township president tary o f Adaw ay Rancheria; from a dor- o f Kabayan in November o f 1913. A gmitory school in Baguio and from San ricultural Inspector o f Benguet in 1915Fernando High School, La Union where reelected municipal district president of he finished a part o f the first year high Kabayan in 1922; appointed representaschool. tive fo r the Mt. Province on N ov. 17, 1923 to succeed the late Juan Carino, reappointed as repreHENRY K A M O R A sentative on July 16, 1931 to succeed Rufino H idalgo; appoint ed military governor fo r Benpuet by Col. Volckmann in May 1945, organized an office in La Trinidad in Aug., 1945 to maintain post-war peace and order; elected municipal dist. mayor o f Kabavan in 1959. He was born in 1888 in Lutab, Kabayan, the son o f Apolinario Arinos Dimot and Shara Otot Palasi. &
LEUNG KW AN LING
Chinese immigrants who have trekked to Baguio as early as 1900 have devel oped close relations with the city resi dents such that th s Chinese community has often been identified with the bus iness and civic affairs o f the city. Enterprising Chinese businessmen were among the first merchants to open dry goods and hardware stores, restaurants, and retail stores to serve the early set tlers o f Baguio. City residents rem em ber Leung Kwan Ling who was among the first Chinese
businessmen in the city. As early as 1894 during the Spanish regime, he came to the Philippines and worked as a car penter in Manila. In 1906, he joined the ranks o f the pioneers by com ing to the Dream City , which was then a wilderness. First he was em ployed as carpenter in Benguet Consolidated Min ing Company. It was in the mines that he discovered his knack for business. He opened a small store to cater to his co-em ployees. Time however, put him to a series o f tests. His store was unfor tunately robbed resulting in the death o f two laborers. Later a typhoon dam aged his store. Undaunted by his mis fortunes, he together with some Am eri can and Chinese partners organized the Baguio Bakery which was then lo cated along Zandueta Street. This new ly created partnership was sh ortliv ed for it was dissolved and the Baguio Ba kery changed ownership when the rela tives o f Leung Nang took over. A fter this, the Baguio G rocery was born which was another partnership. In 1929, when business conditions changed fo r the bet ter, he established the Mountain Sup ply, a combination bazar and grocery. In a short time he expanded his bus iness to include hardware and main tained successfully branches in Antamok
y One of the busiest places in Baguio during the early days. ner site was occupied later by the Mountain Sunnly Store.
c A iv iT in R V 4 H F K )
EUGENIO E. PLATA
Former Captain, Philippine National Guard Eugenio P. Plata twice councilman o f the Baguio City government who served for two successive terms from 1925 to 1928, and from 1928 to 1931, was born in San Miguel, Bulacan on June 20, 1884 to Zacarias Plata and Engracia Pecson. A product o f the Jesuits Normal School and the American Normal School, he finished his secondary educa tion by correspondence. From a mere clerk, he rose from the rar.ks to become a notary public and general contractor. His service record reveals the follow in g: clerk, Department o f Engineering, Manila, 1904 to 1905, clerk, J. C. W hite & Company and Meralco, 1905 to 1909, classified clerk, Insular Treasurers O ffice from 1909 to 1911, civilian employee in Philippine U.S. M ilitary Guard, 1918 to 1919. He married form er Magdalena Cruz y Reyes by whom he h!>d six children. Mr. Plata was also active in the civic a ffa ir o f ihe city ar.d also a member o f the Baguio. Lodge No. 67, 7 A.M .
EUGENIO E. P L A T A
SIXTO A. GAERLAN
Ex-Delegate to the Constitution Convention The late Sixto A. Gaerlan, Baguio city councilor from 1929 to 1931 and elected delegate o f Baguio to the cons titutional convention, was born on A p ril 12, 1896 in San Juan, La Union to Pedro Gaerlan and Clara Aquino. A product of the La Union Provincial High School, he ob tained the degree o f Bachelor o f Science in Agriculture in 1925 from the College o f Agriculture, University o f the Philippines, Los Banos. He first served as elementary school teacher from 1925 to 1933. He distinguished himself as a bu sinessm an-farm er-politician during his lifetime. He was married to the form er Matilde Cabariero of Narvacan. Ilocos Sur with whom he had three children.
JUAN C. RESURRECION
Former Supt., City Public Utilities He came to Baguio in 1904 Galleger, a remnant o f the U.S. Army. Born in Luna, La Union in 1890 to He started working at the age of 14 as a Don Miguel Resurrecion and Dominga machinist at Camp Wallace, Poro Point Cortesa, young Juan lost his father when fo r two years before com ing to Baguio, he was m erely aged nine. His schooling On his sojourn to Baguio, he was accom was then, borne by his stepfather, Mr. panied by his step-father. His services to the governm ent covers a wide area 1906 to 1910, as a machinist in Whitmarsh Sawmill; 1910 to 1914, as a machin ist in the Bureau of Public W orks; 1914 as an employee of the Baguio City Public Utilities until the resignation o f Mr. Hendrikson when h< meritoriously earned the prom otion to the superintendency. Am ong his outstanding achievements are the construc tion of four hydroelectric plants and the expansion and steady im provem ent o f the telephone system. He took an electrical engineering course through the International Correspondence School. Married to the for mer Maria Sobrino, he has 11 children living.
WILLIAM H. REESE
Former Overseer, Baguio Construction Works He was born in Pittsburg. Penn., USA on Dec. 10, 1878, the son o f David Reese and Sarah E. Reese. He joined the U.S. Arm y Volunteers who was stationed first in Cuba and from there, he was sent with his contingent to the Philippines during the Spanish-American war. Upon his dis charge from the army in the Bicol region, he got a job in Baguio as overseer of government construction works. Simultaneously, he substituted for the city engineer during the latters absences. He served as foreman in roads and bridges construction as far as Naguilian Station for 4 years, then as paymaster Road. Two years before his retirement fo r 3 years in the Nayak Mining Co. from the governm ent he married the During the war, he was among those form er Susana Sobrino o f Baguio in 1937. who were sent to St. Tomas concentraUpon his retirement, he was em ployed tion camp. He died on Feb. 4, 1945. as cashier in a Bpguio Caltex Gasoline leaving 4 children and his w ife behind. Former custodian, Teachers' Camp He came to the Philippines with the batch that brought Am ericans who later figured prom inently in the develop m ent of Baguio and the Mt. Province. Arriving in Manila on October 14, 1899 with the Engineer Corps, he worked fo r many years with the Bureau o f Navigation. In 1913, he came to Baguio to do his bit for bolstering development and progress. He became custodian of Teachers Camp and later joined the Heald Lum ber Company. He held the dis tinction of having took charge o f the A ll-Filipino baseball team in the United States which made a satisfactory re cord o f winning 26 games out of 60 engagements.
M r. M cCann w as m a rried to the fo rm er R u fin a A ld a y o f San J ose, B a ta n ga s. T h ey had e ig h t ch ildren a m on g w hom is Clara M cCann w h o is now M rs. E du ardo de los Santos, w ife o f the C ity E ngineer.
ARTHUR E. MacCANN
ELM ER W . H EROLD Former Vice-President & General Manager Heald Lumber Company Mr. Elmer W . Herold, form er fir s t vice-president and general manager o f the Head Lumber Company was born on Feb. 15, 1893, in Bridgefort, Wisconsin. Coming to the Philippines, as an educator, he was in the teaching s t a ff o f the Bureau o f Education from 1922 to 1928. Most of his years as a teacher were spent in the Mountain and Ilocos provinces, the provinces he had come to know so well. It was duriny his teaching years in the Mountain Prov ince when the rich and thick forests in the locality attracted his adventurous mind. Realizing the great potentialities o f ELMER W. HEROLD the verdant forests, his interest fell fo r the lumber industry. H e retired from the Bureau o f Education Married to the form er Miss Ethel To and joined the sta ff o f the Head Lumber mas whom he has two children. Mr. H e Company. rold is a product o f the Law rence College Starting only as a master mechanic in in Appleton, W iscousin where he obtained 1912, he rose to the highest administrative his Bachelor o f Science degree. He was position in the Company after a few years, a W orld W ar I veteran h aving served and later elected first vice-president o f as officer from 1917 to 1920. the firm . D uring his stay in Baguio he was a In 1941, W orld W ar II broke out, and member o f numerous civic organizations. as a result the buildings and sawmills o f When he and Mrs. Herold left fo r the U.S. the company were all destroyed. A fter a the City Council passed a resolution brief rest in his native land, he returned adopting them as H onorary Citezens o f Baguio City. to Baguio and reestablished the company business.
PEDRO
A. FUENTES
Pioneer in Government Service Pedro A. Fuentes is the son o f Manuel elementary schooling at the Instituto de Fuentes and Esperanza Arnaldo o f Capiz. Capiz in 1904 then at Ateneo de Manila City. He was born on 1861.' He took his w ere he finished' his high school. He ob tained (he degree o f Bachelor of A rts at San Juan de Letran in 1912, and Bachelor o f Laws at the Escuela Derecho de PEDRO A. FUENTES Manila and at the La Jurisprudencia on December 23, 1919. It was while taking his law course that he passed the civil service examination and was appointed clerk o f Court at the Land Registration in Manila from 1912 to 1914. Later when the General Land Registration was created, he was ap pointed clerk and acting cashier and disbursing officer from 1914 to 1925, and Register o f Deeds o f the Land Registration O ffice from 1925 to 1936. During the Japanese occupation, he was appointed recor der in the o ffice o f the Register o f Deels in Baguio and Sub province of Benguet from 1942 to 1945, and after liberation as Cadastral Stenographer. He was named subsequently act ing Register o f Deeds and a year later as permanent Register o f Deeds until his retirement in 1959. He is married to the form er Concepcion Romero o f Ba guio with whom he has three daughters and a son, who were all born in Baguio. A fter liberation he also served as member o f the H ousing Committee under Mayor Placido Mapa. He was also appoint ed as chairman o f the Igorot Claims by Pres. M agsaysay.
MAXIMINO C. NEBRES
M aximino Crispin Nebres w as born in Bacnotan, La Union, on December 5, 1888. He is the fourth child among the 12 chil dren o f the late Don Pio G. Nebres and D ona Guillerma V. Carbonell, both o f Bacnotan, La Union. H e was married to Gregoria L. Rulloda o f Aringay, La Union. They had two children Dorcas Salvacion, who died January 2, 1936; and Daniel Stephen, w ho is a Minister o f the Gospel, Hh. B., and a graduate o f the Union Theological Seminary, Philippines. He studied in the Spanish Preparatory School (Prim era Exsenanza) at Colegio San Geronimo, Bacnotan, La Union. While studying in the La Union high school, he was certified to accept a cleri cal position in the Bureau o f Public W orks at Baguio, occupying various posi tion being that o f cashier and special dis bursing officer. He headed the founding in 1911, o f the United Brethren Evangelical Church in Baguio, now the United Church o f Christ o f Baguio. He al so organized the fir st Christian Endeavor Society o f the same church in Baguio and he was elected unanimously as the first president.
D uring his stay in Manila fo r 12 years, he served con tinuously as elder o f the United Church o f Manila and he was called by and among his associates dean o f elders. Being an active church elder o f the Baguio Church and his asso ciates call him the grand old man o f the fold. He is an active member o f Nilad Lodge No. 12 o f Free and Accepted Masons in the Philippines, joining the Fraternity in 1927, o f which he is a life member.
FELIPE JOSE
Pioneer in the Government Service Born in Barrio Sumacab, Cabanatuan, Nueva E cija, the son of poor parents, he attained success through hard w ork and self-help. These are his pertinent data: married to the form er Eliodaora Gomez o f Pangasinan; finished elementary education in Malolos, Bulacan; took an optom etry course by correspondence and obtained the degree o f Doctor o f Opto metry from the School o f Optmetry in 1929; served in various capacities, namely, as a school teacher in Victoria, Tarlac from 1905 to 1908, as an internal revenue agent from 1909 to 1910, as editor o f a bilingual paper, Plaridel, as a colla borator of Spanish and Tagalog newspapers from 1913 to 1917, as a businessman from 1917 to 1928, as w riter and corFEliIPE JOSE respondent o f the National News Service ince from 1935 to 1938, as senior assisfrom 1924 to 1927, as founder and fir st tant in the D epartm ent o f Labor in 1938, president o f the W orkers and Peasants as national organizer and supervisor o f Ass. from 1927 to 1928, as a supervisor the National Tradig Corporation in 1946, o f the Rural Credit Division, Bureau o f as technical assistant in the Philippine Agriculture from 1928 to 1929, practiced Senate from 1946 to 1947, technical adoptometry from 1929 to 1931; as a mem- viser on labor o f President Quezon, mem ber o f the Baguio City Council from 1931 ber o f the A grarian Commission under to 1934, as member o f the Independence President Roxas, two-term vice-president Mission to the United States in 1933, as o f the Labor Congress o f the Philippines. Baguio Delegate to the Constitutiional He has travelled to various places in the Convention in 1934 to 1935, as represent- world, Italy, France China, and India, ative o f the second dist. o f the Mt. P io v -
ment to a num ber o f deserving natives o f the Mt. Province to take up courses in universities and colleges. A side from this excellent gesture o f service, he se cured funds fo r the construction o f m o dern school buildings. In line w ith the im provem ent o f pu blic works, new roads and bridges have been constructed and are being cons tructed with funds secured through the unceasing efforts o f Congressman Mitra. In fact Mr. M itras name is often con nected with anything and everything that spells progress for Baguio and Mt. P rov ince. HON. RAMON P. MITRA
ver Use M edal , one o f the highest de corations given by the Boy Scouts of the Philippines for meritorious service rendered. O ther data pertinent to services ren dered reveal the follow ing positions which he at one time or another held: chair man of the Committee on Integration of all Electrical Communications of the gov ernment; president of the Baguio Rotary Club; President of the Manila Council, Boy Scouts o f the Philippines; vice-pres ident and later president of the Philip pine Chamber o f Industries; under-sec retary o f Public W orks & Communica tions from 1939 to 1940.
Members of the City Council In 1940. From left to right: Vice mayor Emil Speth. Mayor N. Valderosa, Isaac Dizon; sec., councilmen Teodoro Arvisu and Sixto Gaerlan.
Mayor Nicasio Valderosa with some prominent Baguio citizens at the Baguio A ir Port w ho welcom ed the first arrival o f the Iloilo-Negros Express on February 12, 1941.
NICASIO VALDERROSA
Baguios Mayor o f the 39s, a worthy successor to the pioneering Sergio Bayan, Mr. Valderrosa was also the first Mayor o f Basilan City when this was created in 1948. Mr. V alderrosas monumental work in Baguio City encompassed a wide range o f projects intended to strengthen the faith o f the people in the government and re a ffirm their faith in the future o f the City. Thus, he stablized finances, put up the W orkm ens Village, transferred the squatters to the Aurora Hill, and started the Sto. Tomas W aterworks. In Basilan City, Mayor Valderrosa started road-building, put up the Basilan Electric Plant and the Isabela Market. Wherever, he went, Mr. Valderrosa re' fleeted the vigorous, energetic, honest, and industrious public official that characterized his actuations as a Baguio City booster.
voted to the developm ent and ad van cem en t o f the M ountain P rovin ce and its p eop le; the exch an ge o f ideas and prom otion o f the com m er cial, in du strial, m ining, and a g ricu l tural resources o f B agu io and Mt. P rovin ce; the cu ltiv ation o f frie n d ly relation between A m erica n s and orien tal peop le; the enrolm ent o f all residents to b rin g about a closer association. F irst a m on g its ou tstan d ing achievem ents w as the con stru ct ion o f its own b u ild in g to the tune o f P11,000.
Members of the Baguio Chamber of Commerce under Major Emil Speth, vice m ayor of Baguio welcom ing the first arrival of the IIocos-Negros Express at the Baguio Air Port.
tmm o c h m b e r T c o m m e r c e
I
Partial panoramic view of Baguio after its destruction.
The story of the Japanese occupation and final libera tion of Baguio will occupy its seat of honor in the threshold of the unforgetta ble long years to come. While Baguio was among the first places in the Phil ippines t o ' be attached by Jap forces, it was also am ong the very last to be li berated. When Camp John Hay was bombed on the morning of December 8, 1941, excitement rose and precautionary measures were undertaken. The civil gov ernment continued to func tion even after the evacua tion of Camp John Hay by the U.S. Army on December 23. Japanese civilians were interned in Camp John Hay. Not long afterwards, on December 27, 1941 to be exact, the Japanese columns arrived at Km. 4 on Naguilian Road. Under the lead ership of the late Chief of Police Keith, Baguio w a s declared an open city. The occupation of the city by the Japanese was effected without the firing of a sin gle shot. The first headquar ters were set up at the Ja
American soldiers in their foxholes at the B a guio cemetery shortly before they liberated the city.
panese School on Trinidad Road, then at the Baguio Hotel, and later at the Ma sonic Temple. The Nippon forces imme diately organized the milita ry police administration and third degree chambers. Most of the people of Baguio took to the hills for survival. The guerilla movement figured prominently at this time. While the Jap atrocities were mounting, the peoples hat red was steadily reaching its breaking point.
A marker of the 13(Jth Infan try, located near thfe cemetery along the Naguilian Rd.
On January 8, 1945, the liberation forces raided the ci ty, but it was not until April 26, 1945 that the city was finally liberated. T h e ad vance elements of the 33rd and the 37th divisions marced into a city of ruins. Baguio experienced a me morable event in its history when it was made the site o f the final surrender of the Jap forces. Yamashita sur rendered to General Wainwright in the U.S. Embassy Remnants of the Japanese Army Forces under the at Camp Joan Hay on Sept- comman(j 0f Yamasita who took refuge in the Cordillera ember 3, 1945. Mountains, surrendering to the American Army Forces in Baguio.
SURRENDER of Gen. Yamashita on 3 September 1945 is shown in oil painting, from official U.S. Army photo. Painting, a gift of the Filipino people, is hung in room where historic event took place, at the present Baguio home of American Ambassador, inside Camp John Hay compound.
Some spectators who witness the first night celebration of the festival at Burnham Park. peace-loving citizen of this wonderful city feels. During the first day of the festival April 25th, a dance was held in the Auditorium together with the corona tion ceremonies, an import ant highlight of the evening. Miss Guerilla; Princess Erlinda I was crowned by Col. Wilmer S. Philips assisted by Mrs Rafael Uson; Miss Victory, Princess Nancy I by the then Mayor Pedro A rmena assisted by Mrs. Generoso Buendia; and Miss Li beration, Queen Muriel I by the Congressman-elect Hon. Jose Mencio.
The beauties of the liberation festival with their consorts and an army men from Camp John Hall.
independence day celebration, July 4th, 1946 in front of the City Hall.
Rev. R obb White, designated tem porary V ice M ayor, O ctober 17, 1911 L. H. Reithinger, designated tem porary V ice M ayor upon resignation o f V ice M ayor W hite, effectiv e Ju ly 31. 1912 Eugene R eybold, designated tem porary C oun cilm an, O ctober 22, 1912 FEBRU ARY, 1913 OCTOBER, 1916
C. P. H atheway, A ctin g V ice M ayor E. R eybold . Councilm an Charles H Brent, C ouncilm an M. R. H illbard, Councilm an A. D. W illiams, designated A cting C ouncilm an, M arch 15, 1913. T o o k oath as M ayor, M ay 24, 1913 Col. W. C. Rivers, appointed C ouncilm an, A u g ust, 1913. R eappointed Councilm an, D ecem ber. 1913 James C. Rhea, designated tem porary C ou n cilm an during the absence o f Col. R ivers from Ju ly to August, 1913 Peter W. Davidson, appointed C ouncilm an, D e cem ber, 1913 T eodorico Angeles, appointed C ouncilm an, D e cem ber, 1913 John R W hite, appointed Councilm an. June, 1914 Martin C arreon, appointed Councilm an, N o v em ber, 1914 Capt. F. W. Darrah, appointed V ice M ayor. D ecem ber. 1914 Dr. F. W. V incent, designated C ouncilm an, D ecem ber. 1914 3 . S. Holmes, designated Councilm an, Septem ber. 1915 Salvador Lagdam eo. designated C ouncilm an, S eptem ber, 1915 OCTOBER, 1916 OCTOBER, 1919
E. J. Halsema, M ayor E. Speth, Maj., U.S.A. retired, Vice M ayor Eugenio Plata, elected Councilman Col. C. E. Livingston, P.C., Councilm an Nicanor Sison, elected Councilman Col. Luther R. Stevens, P.C., succeeded Coun cilm an Livingston, 1927 OCTOBER, 1928 OCTOBER, 1931 E. J. Halsema, M ayor E. Speth. Maj. U.S.A.. retired, Vice M ayor Eugenio Plata, elected Councilman Col. R. A. D uckw orth-Ford, P.C., Councilm an Col. O. M. Johnson. P.C., succeeded C ouncil man Ducksw orth-Ford, 1933 OCTOBER, 1931 OCTOBER, 1934
E. J Halsema, M a y o r Maj. E. Speth. Vice Mayor Col. R. A. Ducksw orth-Ford, P.C., Councilm an Potenciano F. Lamug, elected Councilm an Felipe E. Jose, elected Councilman OCTOBER, 1934 OCTOBER, 1937 E. J. Halsema, M ayor Maj. E. Speth, V ice M ayor Potenciano Lamug, elected Councilm an Antonio Rimando, elected Councilman Col. O. M. Johnson, P.C., Councilman Sergio Bayan, succeeded M ayor Halsema, May, 1936 Dr. T eodoro C. Arvisu, succeeded Councilm an Johnson, 1936 Sixto Laraya, succeeded C oun cilm an -R im and o, 1936 ^^ OCTOBER, 1937 OCTOBER, 1940 Sergio Bayan, M ayor E. Speth, V ice M ayor Teodoro Reynoso, elected Councilm an Sixto A. Qaerlan, elected Councilm an Dr. T. C ./A r v is u , appointed Councilm an
A. D. W illiam s. M ayor F. W. Darrah, Maj. U.S.A.. Vice M ayor G. S. Holm es. Maj. P.C.. Councilm an F rancisco Y andoc. elected C ouncilm an H G. Ppham . Maj. P.C.. succeeded C ouncilm an H olm es, October, 1917 Henry M. Bankhead. M aj.. U.S.A.. succeeded V ice M ayor Darrah, Feb. 1917 R. E. Fisher. Maj. U.S.A.. succeeded V ice M ayor Bankhead. July. 1917 John H. N eff. Capt. U.S.A.. succeeded V ice Fisher. October, 1917 A ntonio Costosa, Capt., P C ., succeded C oun cilm an pham, M arch. 1918 Chas. D. Dandois. suceeded M avor Williams. June. 1918 A lfred Ballin, Capt. U.S.A.. succeeded V ice M ayor N eff, F ebruary. 1919
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N T . Valderosa, M ayor Dr. Jose M. Carino, Councilman Dr. B ienvenido R. Yandoc, Councilman Vitaliano A. G orospe, Councilman JUNE 9, 1944 TO THE LIBERATION
Ramon P. Mitra, M ayor Dr. Jose M. Carino, A dviser Dr. Ernesto L. M. A bellera, Councilman Rafael S. Sison, Councilm an Tranquilino Lising, Councilm an Dionisio de Leon, M ilitary Gov. o f N orthern Luzon AUGUST 23, 1945 NOVEMBER Placido L. Mapa, M ayor Lucas Paredes, Vice M ayor Sixto Laraya, Councilman Rufino S. Bueno, Councilm an Virginia O. de Guia, Councilwom an NOVEMBER 29, 1945 JANUARY 31. 1946 Isidoro Siapno, M ayor Pedro Armena, Vice M ayor Juan F. Zarate. C ouncilor Luis L. Lardizabal, C ouncilor M aximino Carantes, C ouncilor JANUARY 31, 1946 JULY 20. 1946 29. 1945
Francisco I. Ortega. A ctin g M ayor. January 3, 152. S ucceeded by Gil R. M allare. Ja n uary 24, 1952 Benito H. Lopez su cceed ed Gil R. M allare as M ayor on July 10, 1953 Virignia O. de Guia, succeeded by Patricio C. Perez, V ice M ayor Benito H. Lopez, C oun cilor Luis L. Lardizabal, C oun cilor Luis C. Castro, su cceed ed by B ien ven id o B. Y andoc. January 31, 1952 CITY Gil M AYORS
R. M allare January 14, 1952 to July 9. 1953 Benito H. Lopez July 10. 1953 to D ecem ber 21 1953 Gil R. M allare D ecem ber 22, 1952 to January 10, 1954 A lfon so Tabora January 11, 1954 to D ecem b er 30 1959 B ienvenido Y andoc January 4, 1960 to F e b ruary, 1960
Pedro Armena, A cting C ity Mayor Virginia O. de Guia, V ice Mayor Juan F. Zarate, C ouncilor M aximino Carantes, C ouncilor Luis L. Lardizabal. C ouncilor JULY 20, 1946 JULY 30, 1946 Virginia O. de Guia. A ctin g City M ayor Luis L. Lardizabal. C oun cilor M aximino Carantes, C ouncilor Juan F. Zarate, C ouncilor JULY 30, 1946 AUGUST 15, 1946
Oteyza de Guia Ju ly 4, 1946 to April 18, 1952 Patricio C. Perez A p ril 19, 1952 to S eptem ber 24. 1952 Carlos R. Lazo D ecem b er 24, 1953 to Jan uary 15, 1954 B. R. Y andoc January 16, 1954 to 1959 CITY COUNCILORS
V.
VICE - M AYORS
Jose M. Carino, C ity M ayor Virginia Oteyza de Guia. V ice Mayor Juan F. Zarate, C ouncilor M aximino Carantes, C ouncilor Luis L. L ardi7abal, C ouncilor AUGUST 15, 1946 JULY 4, 1947
Jose M. Carino, M ayor Virginia Oteyza de Guia, Vice Mayor Sixto A. Dom m ondon, C ouncilor Honorio Millora. Councilor T eodoro C. Arvisu, C ouncilor (up to Septem ber 4, 1947) JULY 4, 1947 JAN U ARY 6. 1948 jo s e M. Carino, M ayor Virginia O. de Guia, V ice M ayor Sixto A. Dom m ondon. Councilor Francisco S. Reyes. C ouncilor
B enito H. Lopez January 1, 1952 to O ct ober, 1959 Luis L. Lardizabal January I, 1952 to S ept em ber 6, 1953 Eugene P. P ucay D ecem ber 3, 1953 to 19o6 Luis C. Castro January 17, 1948 to January 24, 1952 B R. Y andoc January 25, 1952 to S eptem ber 24, 1953 Delfin S. Sian January 15, 1954 to M ay 23. 1954 F ilom eno B iscocho January 15. 1954 to 1957 N orberto d e Gunm an January 1, 1956 to O ctober 30. 1959
[ HI ]
SERGIO BAYAN
NICASIO VALDEROSSA
RAMON P. MITRA
JOSE CARISTO
LUIS
TORRES
GIL R. MALLARE
A GALLERY OF
SERGIO rtAYAN June 1, 1937 to Sept. 11, 1939 NICASIO VALDEROSSA Oct. 27, 1939 to May 3, 1944 RAMON P. MITRA May 4, 1944 to March 17, 1945 PLACIDO MAPA May 23, 1945 to Nov. 4, 1945 ISIDRO SIAPNO Nov. 5, 1945 to Dec. 21, 1945 PEDRO ARMENA Dec. 21, 1945 to July 4, 1946 JOSE CARISO July 20, 194-6 to April 8, 1950 LUIS TORRES April 9, 1950 to Feb. 15, 1951
BIENVENIDO YANDOC
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PLACIDO MAPA
ISIDRO SIAPNO
PEDRO ARMENA
FRANCISCO
ORTEGA
BENITO H. LOPEZ
ALFONSO TABORA
FILIPINO MAYORS
GIL R. MALLARE F eb. 16, 1951 to April 2, 1951 FRANCISCO ORTEGA April 3, 1951 to Jan. 12, 1952 GIL R. MALLARE Jan. 14, 1952 to July 7, 1953 BENITO H. LOPEZ July 10, 1953 to Dec. 21, 1953 GIL R. MALLARE Dec. 22. 1953 to Jan. 10. 1954 ALFONSO TABORA Jan. 11, 1954 to Dec. 30, 1959 BIENVENIDO YANDOC Jan. 4, 1960 to Feb., 1960 LUIS LARDIZABAL
LUIS LARDIZABAL
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A July 4th celebra tion In 19tG during the term of Mayor Armena. Shown with him in the grand stand are Mons. J. BUllet, Mrs. V. de Guia; vice mayor and Lt. S. Tooping.
PEDRO
AR M ESA
A stalwart Nacionalista leader, politi cian, and businessman was born in Daraga, Legaepi City on September 17, 1900, the only son in the second mar riage of Don Jovito Armena and Dna Irene Villanueva, both deceased from Albay province. A self-made man who worked his way up from the grade schools to college, he was a product of the public schools of Daraga, Albay Provincial High School, and the Seminary-College of Naga, Camarines Sur where he graduated and obtained with high honors (Sobresaliente) his Bachelor of Arts degree in 1921. To his credit may be cited the fol lowing outstanding achievements in va rious fields- appointed in 1934 as the first Filipino executive to hold a res ponsible position in Erlanger and Galinger, Inc., an American firm; estab lished in Baguio in 1937 a business en terprise, the Pedro Armena Company , a reputable Filipino firm that competed favorably with foreign business establish ments at *he time; became a founder, charter member and ex-director of the Baguio Rotary Club, 1938 to 1939; was founder and Honorary President of Baeuio International Chamber of Commerce, 1945; was founder and President of the then Baguio Citizens League; became chairman of the Nacionalista Party in Baguio-Benguet after liberation; appoint ed City Mayor of Baguio as the last City
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Mayor of the Philippine Commonwealth government and the first City Mayor un der the new Philippine Republic; worked for the protection and safety of the lives of the civilians and evacuees in Baguio during the liberation period; aided the underground movement. At present, this crusader for a clean, honest, economical and efficient govern ment is the technical assistant to the Chairman of Finance in the Senate, Sen-f ator Gil J. Puvat. As City Mayor of Baguio during those hectic and trying days following a few months after liberation, he showed his unusual executive ability, tact, industry, resourcefulness, honesty and statesman like approach to his people, thereby he restored immediately peace and order that enabled the people of Baguio to set tle down to work consertedly on the tre mendous job for the speedy rehabilita tion and reconstruction of war-torn Ba guio City. For this accomplishment in his administration, he enjoyed the con fidence, love, cooperation and respect of the people o f Baguio, as he carried with him the deep, sincere and everlasting gratitude of his people whom he sincere ly and earnestly served to the best of his ability.
Members of the City Council of 1948. From I. to r: Dr. Teodoro C. Arvisu, Mrs. Vir ginia de Guia; vice mayor, councilmen h o norio Millora and Atty. Sixto Domondon.
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GIL R. MALLARE
Former Mayor Mallare joined the government in 1923, as Assistant Civil Engineer of the Bureau of Public Works in Tarlac. Subsequently, he was assigned as District Engineer of Palawan, Antique, Abra, Ilocos Norte, Albay-Catanduanes and Iloilo during the intervening years up to 1937. From July 16, 1937, up to the landing of the Japanese on A pril 16, 1942, in Panay, he served as an exofficio City Engineer o f Iloilo City. He held the position o f Acting Mayors o f Iloilo City fo r about six months in 1940.
He continued holding his position un til June 28, 1948. From January 20, 1950, to December 31, 1950, he served as Supervising Engineer of the Bureau of Public Works in Manila, and from January 1, 1951, until his designation as Acting City Mayor of Baguio on February 16, 1951, he was Construction and Maintenance Engineer under the reorganized Highway division of the B.P.W. As City Mayor of Baguio, he did his best in eliminating unnecessary expenses as a measure of pulling the City out of the red, overhauled the personnel in the City Hall. His keynote then was auste rity.
Mayor Luis P. Torres with Pres. Elpidio Quirino during the inauguration of the new City Hall. In the group are some government officials and employees.
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I I
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Seated coun terclockwise: Ci ty Treasurer D. Cabali, Patricio Perez, Isaac *Mzon, Mayor Be nito H. Lopez, City Secretary Norberto de Guz man, and Dr. Bienvenido Yan doc.
As Acting Mayor of Baguio, July 15, 1953 to Dec. 22, 1953, thsse are some of his outstanding accomplishments. Opening of the public market walls, start of construction of new Baguio City High School building, salary increases of P5 and P10 to more than 800 govern mental empolyees and laborers (the first increases in a quarter of a century), implimentation of National Teachers Sala ry Act, payment of salary differentials of teachers in the city; Construction of four health centers in Aurora Hill, Campo Filipino, City Camp, Pacdal, repairs of all government bunkhouses, construction of Baguio Athletic Stadium and grandstand, responsible for securing of Regional Health training, center for Baguio; First Mayor to get P100.000 national aid since liberation, groundwork and planning for conversion o f Loakan air port into an international airport by Clark Field officials as early as July and August, 1953; Sacrificed so much personally and Lcpez Poultry Farm was abandoned for public service. Lopez said, I cannot serve two masters at the same time. My masters are the people. He won the Bus iness Writers Association of the Philip pines award to his farm as The Poultry Farm of the year 1953. He said he stopped farm operations when he was appointed Mayor in July, 1953. An appraisal from Isaac Dizon, admi nistrative officer of the Mayors office who has worked with 17 mayors before
and after the war: No Mayor has done so much for Baguio in such a short space of time as Mayor Lopez did. City Councilor : Implementation o f the minimum Wage Law for government em ployees and laborers, improvement of Roads, including City Camp roads, cons truction of playground center at Aurora Hill, repair of Lucban elementary school and Loakan elementary school, construc tion Aurora Hill elementary school play ground Sponsored some 153 constructive resolutions during his term from Jan. 1, 1952 to July 15, 1953. Promotion of tourism in Baguio. And lastly, acted as a constructive member of the city council of' Baguio. Born in Jaro, Iloilo on August 20, 1908, he is married to the former A zucena Perfecto. A dynamic leader to rec kon with both in business and public administration, he majored in economics and business as an alumnus of the Jose Rizal College, class 1926 and the Univer sity of Michigan, U.S.A., class 1930. A lover o f music, a sportsman and versatile businessman, he held several important po sitions in several organizations: presid ent, Laong-Laan Tennis Club from 19371941; president, Philippine Society fo r Chamber music, 1936 to 1941; president Lopez Enterprises Co., 1936 to 1941, vicepresident, University of Michigan Alum ni Association, 8th District from 1948 to 1951; president of the University of Mi chigan Club of the Philippines for se veral years.
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Seated clockw ise: Atty. Delfin Stan, Eugene Pucay, B e nito H. Lopez, Atty. Norberto de Guzman, M ayor A lfonso Tabo r a. Isaac Dlzon, Dr. Bienvenido Y an doc, Atty. Fllom eno Biscocho. and City Treasurer Dom ingo Cabali.
BAl-ANOA
8 AUIP
considerably the water supply of Baguio during the summer months. Little was known of the fact before that water could be the key to Baguio rehabilitation. Many property owners in Baguio had been hesitant to put up homes on their lots due to the inade quacy of water supply in the city. But when it became known to these property owners that supreme efforts were being exerted by the city to solve its water problem, the private lot owners changed their mind and started a building cons truction boom, the likeness of which had never been witneseed before. The second achievement of Mayor Ta boras administration was the stern po licy squatters or the makeshift cons tructions in the city. The city council enacted City Ordinance No. 195, which considered temporary or makeshift struc tures in certain commercial and business sections as fire hazards. A deadline for the demolition o f such fire hazards was set on December 31, 1954, and the city stood pat on it. When it became apparent that no ammount of compromise could move the city to moving its deadline, the make shift constructions, particularly along the Session Road were demolished one after another, and in their place were cons tructed permanent structures, which had changed considerably the citys skyline.
A session of the all-elected mem ber* of the City Council with Ma yor B. Yandoc, last mayor to serve Baruio un der it* old char ter.
Mayor Tabora was bor_j on November 24, 1900, in Santo T om a sT ^ ' Union. A f ter finishing his elementary studies, he enrolled in the National Univeristy, Ma nila, where he finished his high school and obtained his Bachelor of Laws de gree. He was a working college student, having served as a reporter in the Ma nila Daily Bulletin h i l a t e r on in the Philipwjyiis Herald. ForSl*-s time after -d^^ffluation, he served as secretary to the rector of Ateneo de Manila. He was later appointed as Justice of the Peace for Bacnotan, San Juan and San Gabriel in 1926 and served in this position before the outbreak of the Pa cific W ar in 1941. He then went into tb^w -m an\??ss^uring business ni Da* mortis, La Union. Mayor Tabora is married to the former Gerarda Laurel Gonzales, daughter of General Nicolas Gonzales, who served three times as Governor of Batangas. With his wife, he has seven children.
1916 to 1919. Dr. Yandoc then was a student in the Baguio Elementary School_^^-< and at the same time helping his_ ja61 ther run the hotel bearing the family name. He finished his secondary course at the Pampanga High School. One of the successful professionals in the City, as a dentist is considered high ly in this profession, which accounts for his having been elected four times pre sident of the Baguio Dental Association. He is also an active lefeer in civic organizations. As Roiarian and past pre sident of the Baguio Rotary Club, Dr. Yandoc represented this International or ganization in 1951 as Baguio delegate. He was designated conference secretary of the 11th Annual District Conference of Rotarians all over the Philippines which was held in Baguio. Ex-mayor Yandoc who was born in Tarlac, Tarlac served for sometime as Baguio Mayor upon the retirement o f Alfonzo Tabora on Dec. 31, 1959. He took his oath of office before Judge Jesus de Veyra in Dec. 31, 1959. His adminis tration was short but memorable. Mayor Tabora was born on November 24, 1900, in Santo Tomas, La Union. A f ter finishing his elementary studies, he enrolled in the National Univeristy, Menila, where he finished his high schooi and obtained his Bachelor of Laws de gree. He was a working college student, having served as a reporter in the Ma nila Daily Bulletin and later on in the Philippines Herald. For a time after graduation, he served as secretary to the rector of Ateneo de Manila.
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Yandoc as vice mayor is the seventh vice mayor since Baguio became a char tered city in 1909. He is not new at city hall as he was an appointive city councilor under the Liberal administra tion in January, 1952 until he resigned in Sept. 1953 to campaign openly for the NP-DP coalition ticket. His late father, Don Francisco Yandoc served as an elective city councilor from
Atty. Luis Lardizabal, Baguios first elected Mayor was born on June 21, 1914, the son of Rafael Lardizabal and Petra Lasmarias, poor farmers of Tagudin, Uocos Sur. After completing his se condary education at the National Uni versity in 131, he took up law in the University of the Philippines and grad uated in 1937. He successfully passed the bar the same year and since then has been in active law practice. An indefatigable worker, he acted as legal counsel for the first Baguio Labor Federation, the M.P. Tranco Labor Un ion, and labor unions in Antamok Goldfield and Demonstration Gold Mine. In the political field, his achievements are outstanding to say the least. His re cord reveals the following: 1946, ap pointed City Councilor of Baguio: 1947,
NORBERTO DE GUZMAN ,
Vice M a y o ^ .
Born in Bauang, La Union on Sept-N ember 8, 1910. Resident of Baguio since 1945. Finish ed elementary schooling in Bauang Ele mentary School, Bauang La Union, and Government Center School in Baguio Ci-
180
JOSE S. FLORENDO
ATTY. B. C. RILLERA
FRANCISCO MAYO
JOSE S. FLORENDO
Councilor Born in San Fernando, La Union on April 19, 1925. Resident of Baguio since 1925. Finish ed elementary schooling at Government Center School, Baguio. Finished second ary schooling at Baguio City High School. Obtained Associate in Arts and Bachelor of Arts degrees at Baguio Colleges. Newspaperman. Worked as laborer, PCAU Unit 7, 1945; clerk, Resurrecion and Astudillo Law Offices, 1946; clerk, office of the City Mayor, Baguio City, 1949; Baguio cor respondent, Manila Daily Bulletin, 19501959; confidential secretary, City Coun cil, Baguio City, 1952-1955; public reiations officer, Baguio City, 1953; civilian public information officer, John Hay Air Base, 1957-1958. Vice President, Baguio Press Club; Member, National Press Club of the Phi lippines. Married to Nieves Peralta of Balaoan, La Union. She is a housewife. They have one child: Pedro.
BENJAMIN C. RILLERA
Councilor Born in Naguilian La Union on Oct ober 4, 1926. Resident of Baguio since 1934. Finished elementary schooling in Gusing Elemen tary School, Naguilian, La Union. Finish-
ed secondary schooling at Baguio Col leges. Obtained Associate in Arts and Bachelor of Laws degrees at Baguio Colleges. Passed the Bar Examination in 1954. Practising lawyer. Worked as custodian of the Vice Pre sidents summer home in Baguio, public school teacher, Baguio correspondent of the Manila Chronicle, manager of the Baguio bureau of the Manila Chronicle, assistant circulation manager of the Ma nila Chronicle, news editor of the Ba guio Midland Courier, and editor o f the Mountaineer. Member of the Baguio Press Club, Ba guio Lawyers Association and the Fede ration of Parent-Teacher Associations in Baguio. Married to Nenita Molintas of Baguio. She is engaged in business. They have seven children: Louella, MacArthur, Ben jamin, Jr., Elizabeth, Ruth. Daniel and Rogelio.
ciate in Arts and Bachelor of Laws at the University of the Philippines. Pass ed the Bar Examination in 1952. Lawyer. Public Relations Officer, Office of the City Mayor. City Secretary, Baguio. Member, Baguic-Benguet Council, Boy Scouts of the Philippines. Married to Lilia Guirnalda of San Juan, La Union. She is a former school tea cher. They have five children: Raul, Jt., Einstein, Agaton, Roland and Brenda.
G. BERT FLORESCA
Councilor Born in Naguilian, La Union on Feb ruary 14, 1927. Resident of Baguio since 1927. Finish ed elementary schooling in Government Center School, Baguio City. Finished se condary schooling at Baguio City High School. Obtained Bachelor of Arts and Bachelor of Laws at Baguio Colleges. Passed the Bar Examination in 1957. Newspaperman and practising lawyer. Worked as laborer and janitor. Tele phone operator at Camp John Hay. Work ed as correspondent of the Manila Daily Bulletin, Philippine Herald and Philip pine News Service. Staff member of the Philippines Herald in Manila. News edi tor of Baguio Midland Courier and cor respondent of the Manila Chronicle. In structor in the College of Business Ad ministration, Baguio Colleges. Practising Lawyer. President, Baguio Press Club; Member, National Press Club of the Philippines; Member, Provincial Press Association of the Philippines; Chairman, Baguio Tour ist Publicity Board; P a s t President, Toastmaster Club of Baguio; Vice Pres ident, Y s Men's Club of Baguio; Execu tive Vice President, Eaguio JayCees; Ex ecutive Secretary, Baguio Hotels and Restaurants Association; Member, Lions Club of Baguio; Secretary, Northern Lu zon Association for the Blind; Member, Philippine Mental Health Association; Member, Baguio General Hospital Advi sory Board; Member, Baguio-Benguet Council, Boy Scouts of the Philippines; Member, Apaches; Member, Baguio Law yers League; PRO, Aurora Hill ParentTeachers Association.
FRANCISCO MAYO
Councilor Born in Naguilian, La Union on Oct ober 7, 1907. Resident of Baguio since 1922. Finish ed elementary schooling at St. Louis College (Campo Filipino). Finished se condary schooling at St. Louis (Campo Filipino). Obtained Bachelor of science in Education degree at the University of Santo Tomas. High School teacher since 1933. Member, Knights of Columbus; mem ber, Holy Name Society; Member, Adoracion Nuctorna, Baguio. Married to Valeriana C. Alabanza of Vigan, Ilocos Sur. She is a housewife. They have eleven children: Joseph, Liberato, Gloria, Floro, Alberto, Jaime, Erlinda, Andrew, Remedios and Ramon.
BRAULIO YARANON
Councilor Born in Aringay, La Union on April 17, 1927. Resident of Baguio since 1953. Finish ed elementary schooling in Agoo, La Union. Finished secondary schooling at La Union High School. Obtained Asso
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' With such composition of membership, the city coun cil, headed by Vice Mayor Norborto F. de Guzman, who is himself a rabid enthusiast on tourism, has taken a fresh approach on the industry, which, properly developed, would mean a lot of econo mic lift to the poor finances of the city. Already, the city council is seriously considering the creation of a department of tourism, which will absorb the department of parks and gardens so as to coordinate the work of the two agen cies. In the executive level, the
With such composition of membership, the city coun cil, headed by Vice Mayor Norberto F. de Guzman, who is himself a rabid enthusiast on tourism, has taken a fresh approach on the industry, which, properly developed, would mean a lot of econo mic lift to the poor finances of the city. Already, the city council is seriously considering the creation of a department of tourism, which will absorb the department of parks and gardens so as to coordinate the work of the two agen cies. In the executive level, the
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future of tourism is also bright. Mayor Luis L. Lardizabal has taken positive steps to develop tourism in real earnest by including an item in the proposed city budget for the fiscal year, 1960-51, carrying an outlay of P6 ,000 for the purpose. Under Mayor Lardizabals Bridge at Camp One House is the pool of Wright Park. Mansion House was built for the American Governors-General and was turned over to the Philippine government upon inauguration of the Commonwealth. The President occupies the Guest House when he or members of his family are in Baguio. One can enter the grounds of Mansion House by securing permission from the Presidential Guards on duty. The Baguio Zoological anti Botanical Gardens the latest o f tourist attractions in this City is the Baguio Zoological and Botanical Gardens. It is located at Forbes Park and is accessible via the Leonard Wood Road. It is adjoining Teachers Camp. It was originally conceived Bridal Vetl Falls program, which he called at its initial stage , the po tentialities of Baguio as a tourist spot will be given national and international publicity build-up through recognized news and advert ising agencies. The local press has also been invited by the city mayor to contribute its share in giving appropriate publicity of Baguio in the national scale. The second edition of the Baguio Guide listed the following places of interest: Mt. MiradorThis hill on the west side of the city houses the Grotto of Lourdes. One has to ascend 225 concrete steps to the Grotto. Mirador has a winding road to the top where the Jesuit Observatory and St. Bellarmine College are located. Baguio Country Club A prjvate club open only to members and guests, this estate within the city has a beautiful 18-hole golf course, tennis courts, a comfortable club house, guest rooms cottages and flower gardens. It boasts of a recreational hall with bowling alleys, pool tables, library and reading room. Mansion House This is the official home of the Pre sident of the Philippines in Baguio. In front of Mansion Zig-zag Road
mmm
City Hall House by securing permis zoo. A delightful place foi Xafiy of Lourdes sion from the Presidential children, it is a must for all. Guards on duty. Ambuklao Dam This latest The Baguio Zoological and addition to the wonderland Botanical Gardens the latest beyond Baguio can be reacho f tourist attractions in this from the city down a 36-ki City is the Baguio Zoological lometer scenic highway. Now and Botanical Gardens. It is known as the Philippines located at Forbes Park and is largest hydroelectric project, accessible via the Leonard Ambuklao Dam promises to Wood Road. It is adjoining be one of the most attractive Teachers Camp. resorts in the Orient when its It was originally conceived tourist possibilities shall have on March 12, 1951 but it was been fully developed. the City Administration unDominican Hill This hill de-.- Mayor Alfonso Tabora commands a good view of which brought this plan into Lingayen Gulf, the Ilocos realization. It is stocked with coastline, the China Sea to animals and different birds the west, and the central part all of which are donated. The of the City of Baguio to the latest to be donated is the east. The Dominican Fathers pet deer of the Late Presi use it as a rest center and se dent Magsaysay. Deers, mon minary. This hill is about 10 keys, eagles, different kinds minutes ride from the Mar place to buy food, however. of other animals, including a ket Plaza. Trinidad valley and Ambubear, and birds inhabit the Session Road rayan valley A 10-minute ride to the north of the city lies the Trinidad Valley unvariably referred to as a ve getable paradise , or Salad Bowl of the Philippines, where truck farming is done on a large scale. Just beyond is the bowl of the Amburayan Valley nothward from Camp Holmes, from where one may catch a glimpse ol
Mount Santo Tomas Al most the same distance as the Asin Hot Springs, eleven ki lometers to the peaks base by motor road, and three ki lometers to the peak by an easily passable trail, is this mountain west of Baguio ris ing 7,500 feet above sea le vel. From the top may be viewed the most magnificent sunrise and sunsets. On a clear day, one can see the Central Plains o f Luzon and the Chi na Sea. It is cold at the peak. Bring your thick blankets if you want to sleep there. There is no rest house and no
rice terraces. At Trinidad Valley, you can buy fresh vegetables,1 flowers and strawberries. The Mountain National Agricul tural College is located in Trinidad. Philippine Military Acade myA 15-minute ride from the city, this is the Repu blics Military Academy and the leading military institu Mansion House tion in the Orient. The Mili gets the feel o f native life, Camp Henry T. Allen tary Academy occupies 373 with its unique customs and hectares of hilly area in Dei The seat o f the old Philip pines Constabulary Academy, traditions. Mt. Mirador Halsema Road is the gate the camp now houses the o f ficers and men of the Phil way to Lepanto, the home of ippine Military Academy. It the famous hand-woven Le panto fabrics, Bontoc, the squats atop a promotory overlooking the business cen picturesque capital of Moun tain Province and the famous ter of Baguio. It has nice tennis courts and an officers rice terraces at Banaue, Ifugao, about 150 kilometers clubhouse. north of Baguio. Mines W i e w Park This Teachers Camp This camp promontory Jutting out from belongs to the Department eastern edge of Baguio af of Education. It was ori fords a breath-taking view of ginally used as a vacation the mining district of Itogon. camp for early American This place is about four ki teachers in need of a change lometers -from the heart of from the lowland climaie. the city. The Halsema Road For. Asin Hot Springs Fifteen the tourists, the City of Bax kilometers away from the ci guio is but a spring board to ty, a short 20-minute ride, the wonderland further north. are hot springs piped into a You can take the Halsema; bath house and swimming Road (formerly called Moun-; pool. You can have your bath tain Trail) one of the most picturesque mountain high Pilar Heights, Loakan, sit ways in the world, which will uated about seven kilometers from the city. In sharp con lead you to native villages trasts with the nr.tive huts, and rice terraces. Here one Teachers Camp and the semi-permanent buildings found in the vici nity, the academy building offers an interesting picture against the evergreen of the hillside and the beautiful Benguet skyline. One unique spectacle offered is the weekly Sunday evening pa rade of the cadets during alternate Sundays at Del P i lar Heights and Burnham Park.
Crystal Cave A veritable mecca for hikers, the first cave is a Must . It is not advisable to visit the second cave which is often filled with w a'sr and mud. A scant
Burnham Park
siting the cave, use rubber soled or rubber-heeled shoes, Bring flashlights or pine saleng and matches. Food mav be purchased at the
two kilometers from the city via the Santo Tomas Road, the trail to the cave itself offers wonderful opportune nearby Crystal tics for picnics, horseback tauis t riding- and hiking. When vi-
Tavern
res-
Miss Liberation The former Miss Muriel Pucay, a na tive of Benguet, Mt. Province, who was crowned Miss Libe-. ration in connection with the liberation festival of Baguio, April 25-28, 1946. Miss Guila, Miss Baguio of 1958. Her candidacy was spon sored by the Pacdal residents for the Ba guio Red Cross Chap ter. She is the daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Segundo Guila. Mr. Guila is the care taker of the Mansion House.
Miss Bagiou of 1949 The form er Miss Milagros Lacson, Miss Baguio of 1949, in a beauty poll of the 1949 Baguio Carnival and Exposition. The form er Mis* Evangeline de Cas tro, Miss Philippines for 1947, In a nation w ide beauty poll conducted by the Philippine Air Lines, Inc.
Miss Rosalinda Biscocho MISS BAGUIO, 1959 She is the daughter of ex-councilor and Mrs. Filomeno Biscocho.
Miss Philippines
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Born in Mabini, Pangasinan, she is the daughter of Guillermo Valderamma and Magda>ena Braganza. After gra duating from the Phil. General Hospital School of Nursing, she devoted two years to the practice of her profession in the same school. She later married Major Jose N. Evangelista. For four years she engaged in private nursing in Cebu where her husband was stationed. However, her husbands promo tion to the position o f Commandai/t of Cadets of the former Phil. Constabulary, brought them to Baguio way back in 1918. in 1928, she ventured in business as managing partner Mrs. F. B. Evangelista c f the Zig-Zag Hotel at the same time managing several houses owned by prominent Manilenos and She became the president of the CWI the summer U.P. mess. for two terms and represented the Mt. Liberation meant to her new life and Province in Rome during the Lay Aposto fresh hopes. After a short time, the Ziglic World Organization, an international Zag Apartment and other buildings along affair. Kayang and Abanao Sts. were rehabilitat ed and remodeled.
\P
TEODORA
C A R ISO
C A O IL E
Teodora C. Caoile of the well-known Carino family in Baguio was born in 1901, a red-letter year in the history of Baguio for it was then that the American Cavalry com posed of Negroes arrived in the city. She is the daughter of the late Sioco Carino, first Township president of Baguio and sister of former Mayor Carino o f the city. A product of the Mountain Province High School where she finished first year in 1917, she taught at Tuba Elementary School for two years until her resignation when she got married and etablished a meat store in the Baguio Market which TEODORA C. CAOILE sb managed for three years. She then engaged in live stock business and managed the Crystal real estate enterprise known as the Pines Cave Dairy Farm until the outbreak of Park Sub-Division composed of more the last war. The war years did not than seven hectares of land. True to dissuade her from engaging in livestock the Carino tradition, she is always on buy and sell and helping the underground the go to help effect community progmovement. After the war she devoted ress. her time to farming in La Trinidad and She is married to Manuel Caoi.c of managing her fathers ranch in Ansa- La Trinidad with whom she has em lgan. At present she jwns and heads a dren.
<51
1929 there in his honor. In 1914, 2 companies of Igorots were recruited for duty at Camp John Hay to relieve the American and lowland Philippine soldiers who were assigned elsewhere. The Igorot soldiers besides their army duties, furnished entertainment at the camp in the form of native dances and caniaos. As the years go by, the camp en hanced the beauty and gained wider popularity as a well-equipped rest cen ter. Succeeding commanding officers did their share to enhance the reputa tion of the camp. In 1930, it consist ed of approximately 82 cottages, post headquarters, installations, a hospital, and a modern dormitory. During World War II, the Japanese invaded the camp and used it partially as a concentration camp. Much damage was inflicted during the liberation. After Camp John Hay was secured
The Amphitheatre.
on April 28, 1945, by the 33rd Divis ion, General Clarkson, its commandfng officer, made the Baguio Country Club his headquarters and the Camp was rapidly converted into a sump tuous rest center for GIs from the front lines by the Golden Cross Corps, which repaired the old abandoned sawmill. The Filipino labor furnished by a Philippine Civil Affairs Unit performed the construction work, in cluding the erection of immaculately furnished tents. Under the supervis ion of Capt. Eugene M. Gilroy, Divi sional Special Services Officer, shellscarred Snyder Hall was completely renovated into a modern recreation building. As early as August, 1945, Colonel Frank M. Smith with his men arrived in Baguio. On him fell the tremendous responsibility of rehabilitating and re establishing the camp. Its post-war opening was on October 10, 1945. Since then todate, John Hay Air Base
Some . of ' the previous com manding officers were: pre-war, Capt. M. R. Hilgard, Maj. C. L. Darak, Col. J. P. Hartel Maj. Abraham Garfinkle, Col. P. G. Musgrave, Capt. J. R. Col lins, Maj. John D. Hood, Lieut. Col. Paul Murray and Lieut. Col. John P. Horan. Post war commanding officers were: Col. Frank M. Smith, Col. John Fonville, Lieut. Col. Wallace Lovsnes, Col. Gordon Singles Maj. Archie Black, Col. Brooks, Lieut. Col. J. F. Daugherty, Col. Holt, Col. Jamison, Col. Beck, Col. Bisgard, Major L. E. Rea Jr, and Ma jor Quigley.
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LILLIAN HAMBY
Woman Civic Leader
In Baguios social and civic affairs, the Hamby name is a byword for Mrs. Ham by is actively doing her utmost to make others happy. People especially the na tives are often recipients of aid in the form of food, clothing and other gifts. Because of this she is well known to the native children. The death .Qf her husband, Col. W. Kobert Hamby, did not unnerve her nor did it in the least dissuade her from doing further services for the poor. A memorial in honor of her husband was erected in Sagada, Bontoc in the form of a public dispensary for the Mountain people. Mrs. Hamby is a life member of the Monday Club in which organization she was one time vice-president. A golf in structor at John Hay Air Base and a member of the golf committee at the Baguio Country Club, she is the found er and adviser of the Mountaineers Lady
'Golfers whose members come from Ba guio and the U.S. Services of John Hay Air Base. Not content with such a schedule, she explored the possibilities of teaching blind children to play golf. She is also a director of the Northern Luzon Association for the Blind and at the same time chairman of the finance committee. Other pertinent personal data include the following: date of birth January 25, 1901, schools where educatedpri vate schools in Germany and Switzenand and New England Conservatory of Mu sic in Boston; served at one time in Co logne Conservatory of Music in Cologne, Germany. She is the daughter of a well-known American scientist and adviser to for mer Pres. Taft. She came to the Phil ippines in 1931 with her husband who was stationed at Camp Stotsenburg, Pampanga. It was at this juncture that she developed a strong attachment to the Igorots during her travels in the wild Igorot country with her husband and some American Army Officials. She became a close friend of no less than Igorot Chief Punchinlau of Banaue. She still keeps valuable souvenir presents of her Igorot friends. It was at this time, too that she engaged actively in sports and was acclaimed champion in tennis, golf, and horsemanship in Camp Stot senburg. For three years during World War II, she served as Volunteer in the Red Cross Motor Corps.
HAMBY MEMO RIAL DISPEN SARY of the St. Theodores hos pital in Sagada, Mountain Prov ince. The dispen.sary was built by Mrs. Lililan Hamby in memo ry of her hus band, the late Col. W. R. Ham by.
One of the most active woman civic worker in Baguio is Mrs. Teodora M. Flores. Besides being the Administrator of the Baguio-Benguet-Mt. Chapter o f the Philippine National Red Cross she finds time to join several civic organizations in which she held the following positions: Girl Scout Baguio-Benguet-Mt. Council, member board of director; Philippine Mental Health Association, secretary; Ba guio General Hospital Advisory Board, treasurer; Northern Luzon Association for the Blind, treasurer; Baguio PharmaMrs. T. M. Flores cieutical Association, treasurer. Mrs. Flores was born in Baler, Quezon, daighter of Teodorico Molina and Petra Querijero. She is married to Judge Jose P. Flores. She obtained a Bachelor of Science degree in Pharmacy at the Centro Escolar University in 1933 and assumed the position o f Administrator of the local, PNRC Chapter since 1947.
Front view of the Philippine National Red Cross Building along H a r r i s o n Road, facing Burn ham Park.
fc B
M
Mrs. Dativa C. Roque well-known edu cator, lecturer, painter, and social worke: was born in Calumpit, Bulacan, the daugh ter of Miguel Cristobal and Miguela Tor res. She is a graduate of the State Univer sit.v with the degree of Bachelor of Science in Education majoring in Mathematics and English. She first taught in the then Phil Normal School. After World War n , she became Dean of Instruction in Baguio Colleges and later Head of the Graduate School of St. Louis College A t present she is a professorial lecturer in Sociology and Education at the U.P. Branch, in Clark Air Force Base. She specialized in Education for sometime at the Columbia University in New York, U.S.A. The first press, of the Philippine Asso ciation of University Women, she is an outstanding member of the Catholic Worn ens League, the Pan Pacific Association and the Philippine Association of Univer sity Women. She was recipient o f a gold medal in sculpture and painting o f the School of Fine Arts, U.P.
Mrs. Ethel T. Herold, voted by the bJP. Club as "Woman of the Year , 1958, is shown being congratulated by Press Sec. Jose Nable during the B.P.C. Aawrds Night, Looking on is Bert Floresca who was then the President of the Club. They w ere designated as Honorary Citizens and adopted son and daughter respectively of Baguio City in recognition of their services, accomplish m ents, and contributions to the City of Baguio By their exemplary conduct, their devotion to civic duty and community un dertakings, and their wist and progressive policies regarding Brent School, they have endeared them selves to the Baguio re sidents nad have helped bring about in the city of Baguio, the best kind o] Philippine-American rela tions.
Mrs. Carrie Rea holds the distinction of being Baguios first honorary lady citizen. This honor is well deserved when one con siders Mrs. Reas efforts in promoting cor dial relations between Baguio and John Hay Air Base and her interest in the indi gency program of the city. A s wife of Major Laurence E. Rea, Jr., former commander of the Base, she exerted her utmost in cement ing friendship between Filipinos and A m er icans. The citation given by the city to Mrs. Rea was given during a parade and prog ram held in her honor at the Burnham Football grounds.
L 196 1
HONORARY CITIZENS Mr. and Mrs. Ralph Crosby of Benguet Con solidated. Inc. receiving from Mayor Luis Lardi zabal a city council reso lution making them ho norary citizens. Mr. and Mrs. Cnarles Foster of Lenanto Conso lidated Mining Company, who were also among the recipients of honorary ci tizenship, were unable to attend the ceremony. Precitizenship?t o ^the Amerrcan residents in recognition of their valuable contributions to the com munity.
MrCrosby in his capacity 03 executive Vice-President and assistant general manager of the Benguet Consolidated, Inc., has promoted the industrial develop ment of the country through the
organization and promotion of co. operation intended to tap the countrys natural resources benefiting some 20,000 people, m ost of whorf are Baguio residents.
fession a teacher, having obtained a Teachers Life certificate at the Colorado State College, Greeley, Colorado, USA, majoring in English and dramatics in 1937. Before coming to the Philippines, she tr.ught for five years in Colorado schools. She came to the Philippines with her hus band and when the Pacific war broke out in 1941 she joined her husband who was a colonel in the guerrilla movement, spending the war years in the mountains o f Panay. After the war she resumed her teach ing profession at the Brent School, Ba guio, as teacher in dramatics since 1949. Mrs. Fertig was born on August 9, 1908, in Missouri, USA, daughter of Jo seph Shockley and Nora Johnson Shock ley.
Mr. Claude Fertig, Manager of Itogon-Suyoc Mines with the ever-helping hand of Mrs. Fertig has contributed greatly to the upliftment of the Filipino mine workers thus indirectly boosting the economy of the city and has actively prom oted the w el fare of the Filipinos around them as evidence by their untiring work and participa tion in many civic, charitable, and social organizations-
Mr. and Mrs. Claude E. Fertig of Itoeon-Suyoc Mines, Inc. are shown re ceiving a similar resolu tion from the city mayor.
1971
HEALD LUM
the vast possibilities of the lumber bus iness in Benguet, especially in Baguio. He took over Whitmarshs sawmill and in 1808 founded the Heald Sawmills. Starting with a small timber conces sion, he initiated the first aerial tram way at a 4,000 feet span and succeeded in spite of skepticism on the part of ob servers. From a small beginning and after the Company was formally incor porated on April 20, 1934, Heald Lum ber Company continued to grow side by side with Baguio City. Today the Company ranks as the fore most commercial lumber operation in Baguio City and the Mojntain Province which position, can maifily be credited to the growth and progress of Baguio City itself.
H. C. HEALD
Founder, Heald Lumber Company
H. C. Heald, among the pioneer-builders of Baguio came to the city in 1906 when it was still a wilderness. With Oscar F. Campbell as a partner, he saw
BER COMPANY
KENNETH F. JORGENSEN
Vice-President and General Superintendent Heald Lumber Company
Mr. Jorgensen first arrived in the Philippines at the age of fourteen, thir ty-three years ago, with his parents. He finished his high schooling at Brent School, Baguio City in 1931. In 1937 he returned to Baguio as Log ging and Sawmill Superintendent for Heald Lumber Company. In 1939 he transferred to Benguet Consolidated as Superintendent of their Bobok Timber Proiect, which position he is still cur rently occupying. On July 1, 1959, he was re-sngaged to take over management of Heald Lumber Corrmany, thus complet ing the circle started 22 years previously. Mr. Jorgensen married Roxy Bonnemort in Baguio in 1939 and has two sons, both Baguio born and now attend ing Brent School in Baguio City. A mem-
Mr. Kenneth F. Jorgensen ber of the Baguio Lions Club, of which he is second vice-president and also a member of the Northern Luzon Asso ciation for the Blind, Mr. Jorgensen may justifiably be considered as one of Baguio .
Partial panoramic view of the Heald Lumber yard at the same site.
Mrs. Mary A. Mars man, president of Itogon-Suyoc Mines, Inc., presiding over an annual meeting 01 stockholders with company DirectorSecretary A. L. VeIilla.
started in August, 1956. It was not un til April 15. 1959 that Suyoc was hack in productive operations, rehabilitation work costing approximately P4,500,000. Suyoc is essentially a gold mine, but its gold ore carries some copper which may substantially increase the mines expected income. The Palidan tunnel forms the third principal integral unit o f Itogon-Suyoc Mines, Inc., and u 9,400 feat long and 823 feet below the collar of the Suyoc
shaft. It has an over-all width of 13 feet and a height of 10 feet. The tunnel serves as the outlet of the ore from the mine workings. Water from the mine is drain ed through the tunnel, thus eliminating the use of expensive pumping operations. The tunnel was reopened after more than two years of hai'd work thru soft ground and cave-ins that exploited the companys technical know-how to the utmost. The Suyoc mill, which took more than two years to construct, has a capa city of 300 tons a day. To date, it is sitill
Mrs. Marsman with Gen. Supt. & Mrs. Claude Fertig and some guest during the inauguration of the opening of the ItogonSuyoc Minse, at Suyoc, Mankayan.
undergoing operational adjustments to re cover gold and silver from the complex ore. Gold production has still to reach its maximum. After several more months, it will produce gold and copper concen trates which offered one of the chief in ducements for re-opening mining and mil ling operations.
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An outstanding feature o f Itogon Mining Company life is its recreation program for which credit is due to the management. The Itogon management has mustered all the means at its command to provide a close knit recreation program,
In the camp several useful welfare and social clubs each having a voice in the central recreation committee, finance various celebrations, give free shows and musical programs, promote various athlet ic tournaments and installed a library. Among these clubs are: Social club consisting mainly of mem bers of the accounting and bodega per sonnel. Sponsor or manage Valentine, 4th of July, Sangilo Fiesta and Rizal Day celebrations. P.T.A. Sponsors programs for benefit of the school children. WOMENS CLUB Sponsors and manage the feeding o f under weight children, provides clothes, medicine for needy women
and children. KALINGA W E LF A R E A S S . Organ ized to help Kalingas get established in their work. MOUNTAIN ASS. Organized to help all mountaineers in the Camp. Sponsors an annual Canao. M INERS CLUB Sponsors various
social affairs. Operates store fo r Igorot barrio. LUCKY 13 CLUB Residents of 1,300 leyel camp, which is far from main camp. Operates stores and reading center. SANGILO JR. CIRCLE Organized by the younger men and women in promoting local talent and folk dances.
The crew that opened the Palidan Tunnel at Suyoc, Benguet in 1959. Mr. Claude Fertiff, Gen. Superintendent is shown in the middle front row with Mr. P. X. Duryea, Mine Supt.
CLAUDE E. FERTIG
Fertigs hard-hitting guerilla outfit in the Philippines from 1942 to 1944 until he was brought to Australia with his wife and an infant child. For two years after the war, he en gaged in copper mining in Arizona, U.S.A. When he returned to the Philip pines in 1947, it was to help reconstruct and reopen the Lepanto Mines. Later he served as Assistant Mine Superintendent of Balatoc Mining Company. In 1950 he joined the staff of the Itogon Mining Company where he rose to the position of General Superintendent. When the Itogon Mining Comoany was merged with Suyoc Consolidated to become the Itcgon-Suyoc Mines, Incorporated, his res ponsibilities as general superintendent were multiplied in spite of which he was able to make some difficult adjustments to meet adverse conditions. He -believes that the only way to overcome increased cost of labor and supplies is to increase capacity thereby giving better efficiency. It may be recalled at this juncture that he was greatly responsible for the re habilitation o f Itogon Mines. A widely traveled man, Mr. Fertig is happily married to Laverne Fertig, pre sident of the Monday Club by whom he has two children, Susan and Katherine. His name is linked not only to the min ing industry but also to several civic and social organizations the Mason, Elk, Reserve Officers Association, Military Engineer Association, A.T.O. Fraternity, the Association o f Mining and Metal lurgical Engineers Rotary Club of Baguio, Director Philippine Mental Health Association Baguio Chapter, Vice-Pres. Baguic-Benguet Boy ,Scout Council. Chairman, 10th World Jamboree, BaguioBenguet Boy Scout Chapter. Socially competent and gifted with a pleasing personality, he aspires to help stabilize Philippine economy.
Gen. Superintendent
ITOGON-SUYOC MINES, INC. Undauntedly working towards a more progressive Philippines, Claude E. Fer tig is well-known for his outstanding contributions to the development of the mining industry. He is presently the ge neral superintendent of the Itogon-Suyoc Mines. He hails from La Junta, Colorado, in. the United States where he was born on July 20, 1906; the son of Welby and Olive Fertig, pioneer ranchers and railroaders. A product o f the Colorado School o f Mines, he came to the Philippines in 1937 and brought with him his invaluable ten years of mining and construction expe riences in southwestern U.S. and Mex ico. In the Philippines, he saw service as mining engineer and mine superinten dent in various mines in Batangas, Zambales, gold prospecting and mining in Masbate, and the Mountain Province. During the war years, he proved to himself and to the world that an indi viduals usefulness is limited only by will power. With the same enthusiasm an^i spirit of service that he displayed in peacetime, he did his bit first as an Airfield Engineer Officer of the 61th Division, then as a Guerilla Engineer of the 6th Military District, Panay Island, and as Commanding Officer of the Al lied Geographical Section, G-2 SWPA, and AFP. He joined hin brother General
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The Baguio Gold Mining Company which had its beginnings in 1907 now stands as a monument to the men who in countless ways made it possible each by his own contribution. The early prospectors who played an important role in its discovery and de velopment were J. D. Highsmith, Billy Ebert, George M. Icard, I. R. Prentiss, and Archie Reynolds.
A. Mayer, Capt. S. Dairs Winship, S. F. Gaches, J. B. Hoover, and E. A. Per kins. Engineer V.C. Lednicky and Cap Leonard contributed greatly to the dis covery and development of a prolific vein . Pat Hoover after whom the main crosscut f c i drainage and transOther men featured significantly with its further development. Names linked with its organization were those of P.
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This is how gold pouring is being done at the Baguio Gold Mines.
portation was named, paved the way for a successful mine operation. Engi neer G. T. Gelinger who succeeded Mr. Lednicky was accredited with having paid the companys first dividends. Un der Engineer W. T. Grahams adminis tration, the companys output reached the thirteen million peso mark. Dividends were paid steadily and consistently from 1936 until the outbreak of W orld War n. Baguio Gold Mining Company was in corporated in 1930, acquiring 13 claims in 1932 and 12 more in 1933 and 1935. In 1937, the company was milling 200 tons daily. This capacity was increased to 400 tons daily in 1939. The company suffered staggering da mages during the war. Insurmountable
as the obstacles may be, rehabilita tion got underway as early as Novem ber, 1945 with an expenditure of P2,195,000 in restoring the mine and mill to their present date. The Baguio Gold Mining Company re sumed operations on January 1945 un der the charge of Mr. Frank Delahunty, prewar Assistant General Superintendent. Mr. Delahunty resigned his position as General Superintendent on March 1953 and he was replaced by Mr. Robert Ma han until February 28, 1956 when he resigned. He was succeeded by Mr. Alan A. Bakewell, Jr., who was Assistant Gen era! Superintendent at the time. When Mr. A.A. Bakewell, Jr. resigned he was replaced by . Mr. Ralp J. Serdeman (to Dec. 31, 1959). \t present Mr. John C.
A sample o f finish ed gold bars of the Baguio Gold Mining Co. looking on are Mill Supt. F Joa quin, form er Gen. Supt. R. Seideman and A sst. Mill Supt. Arsenio Y andoc with two em ployees and an unidentified lady.
HENRY A. PRIMO
President, Baguio Gold Mining Company and Philex Mining Company
Henry a Brlmo, cited as Mining Man of the Year 1959 by the Business Writers Association of the Philippines is one o f the leading personalities in the Philippine Mi ning Industry toddy. As president of the Baguio Gold Mining Company and of the Philippine Mining Corporation it is gla ringly apparent that he has helped greatly in the making of the Philippine Mining Industry. When the post-war period found the mi ning industry at its most critical situation, Mr. Brimo was among the first to respond to the call of duty by cooperating splen didly in the rehabilitation and reorganiza tion of the Philippine Mining Corporation. Inspite of untold difficulties, with Mr. Brimo as president, the company resumed operations and has since maintained its operations with maximum efficiency. In 1952, he was among the men greatly res ponsible for the organization of the Phi lippine Gold Producers Association in which he had the distinction o f having been its first president and its president for the past five years. At one time was Director of Surigao consolidated, Mother Lodge and Itogon Mining Co. Director o f the Base Metals Ass. and also of the Phi lippine Petroleum Ass, and Pres, o f Phi lex Oil Dev. Inc. Subsequently, with a de sire to help boost mining whereever pos sible, he helped organized a new mining entity, the Philex Mining Corporation toge ther with two ranking engineers, Mr. Paul
Mr. Henry A. Brimo A. Schafer and Mr. George T. Scholey. He became the first president of the young corporation which he helped build and which promises to become one of the lead ing base metal producers in the country in the years to come. Some pertinent personal data of Mr. Bri mo reveal the following: date of birth February 21, 1913; parents Antonio A. Brimo o f Turkish-French descent and Jo sephine Chami de Maillard, a French; started schooling at the De La Salle Col lege and fiuished his education in the United States; other experiences aside from mining-textile business for six years, stock brokerage, importing business, and manager of the foreign department of En rique Sta. Maria and Company from 1937 to 1941, married to the former Miss Maria Paz Sotelo with whom he has three sons-
Curtis is the General Superintendent. The companys mine and mill are lo cated in Tuding, Itgoon, Mountain Prov ince. Its property now consists of 126 claims and fractions (including Gold River) of which 15 are patented and patent pro ceedings are in progress. Process for 16 claims, including full lodge the proper ty comprises 808.07 hectares. CAPITALIZATION
Issued and fully paid shares of stock, as of December 31, 1959, amounted to P2,515,217.30 composed of 25,152,173 shares (par value of ten centavos). This compares with the total outstanding of December 31, 1958 of P2,512,681.80. The increase is due solely to additional tran sfers of Gold River stock to Baguio Gold shares in accordance with the terms of the merger agreement. The authorized capital continues at P5,000,000.00 (50,000,000 shares).
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HENRY A. BRIMO
gurated with due ceremonies and about one hundred guests braved rain and mud and attended. Braved is the word. One participant said he thought the trip was like being in a four-engined plane in mid ocean with three engines out. It was an hazardous trip, as all those unaccus tomed to newly built, narrow and rough mountain roads, freely proclaimed. How ever, it was hazardous only because, for several weeks, there had been almost con tinuous, exceptionally heavy rains. Actually, me torrential rams oi June and July, 1958 which delayed production for over a month, more than made atone ment by knocking down thousands upon thousands of tons of earth and rock that needed knocking down. Bulldozers during this period, had to be stationed along parts of the road and clearing the numerous slides which covered the vulnerable sec-
1 208 J
GEORGE S. SCHOLEY
General Mnanaer
RALPH J. SEIDEMAN
Resident Manager
GEORGE A. SCHOLEY
Mining Sonsultant
tions- The net result, however, is a one hundred percent improvement in a little less than two months, and expect muth less trouble is expected in the future. Some day, in the not too distant future, you will really be able to go to Philex by Cadillac. Meantime, Philex is rather proud of our small scale replica of the legendary Burma Road of World War E The early days of Santo Toma.- II (the mine) were quite difficult. Drums of ga soline and diesel fuel, as well as boxes o f dynamite, had to be hand-carried over back-breaking mountain trails. Much toil and sweat followed, even after the roads were in when they were passable, that
is.
Speaking of bulldozers, and they are eight of them on the job, these mechanical giants not only made the roads possible and the hauling safe, but also accomplish ed the work that hundreds of men could not have done so speedily. They greatly facilitated such chores as excavation for buildings and mine preparation. Now they are at work delivering hundreds of tons of ore to the washing plant each day. The disseminated ore body contains cop per with gold by-product. Part of the mine is located as much as 500 feet high er than the milling plant. The ore, there fore, for many years, will not have to be hoisted. It is simply being dropped down an ore pass (after washing) and hauled to the mill. The haulage tunnel, at the same time, serves as drainage for the mine, hence no pumping will be required. The entire operation is simple, stream lined, and as a result, economical. Four years ago, the present camp was a veritable no-mans land. Today, it is home to a growing community, complete with housing, utilities, stores, police force
(Continued,
Getting the neavy equipment to the mill site without mishap, was little short of miraculous. The largest available trucks and trailers were used but often bulldo zers were needed for extra motive power. With the heaviest and bulkiest loads, bull dozers in front and behind, to pull'and to push, just in case. No equipment.
on page 21It
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PHILEX COP PER MILL. This is the general view o f the m ill site at the Santo Tomas II copper mine of Philex Mining C o r p oration in Mountain Province. The m ill of 1600/ 2000-ton daily ca pacity started ope rations on June 22.
This photograph was taken from a point above the Prim ary Crushing Plant, shown on right. The copper ore is loaded in 4-ton steel ore-cars, which are pulled by Diesel loco m otives from the mine to the crushing plant. The ore is dumped by means o f a rotary tipple, and as the car tilts on one side, the ore is fed to a 30 x 42 K ue-K en ja w crusher b y means of an apron feeder. The ore is crushed into m inus-three-inch size, then trans ported to the open stockpile by the inclined belt conveyor, shown in center of the picture. The stockpile has a capacity o f about 10,000 tons o f crushed ore and was incorporated in the circuit to assure a fiv e-d ay m ill run in case typhoons and other shutdowns inter fere with mining operation. Crushed ore is drawn from the stockpile by a belt conveyor and feeder system running directly under the center o f the stockpile and is fed to the washing and secondary crushing units. The mine administration office m ay be seen partly covered by the pine trees on left side of picture. The Junior and Senior staff houses are in far background on the p ine-covered ridge in center. The m ill site is about 4,500 feet above sea level. The open-pit at the mine, where the ore is currently being drawn from , is located in the Central Cordillera, 5,000 feet above sea level, and 20 kilometers due south from the center o f B aguio City, m ountain-summer resort o f the Philippines. MILL INSTALLATIONS at the Santo Tomas II copper mine of Philex, in the M oun tain Province. The building on left side houses the secondary crushing unit and the washing plant. The crushing unit consists of one fou r-ft. Symons standard cone crusher and two A llis-Chalm ers 636 H ydrocrone crushers. The ore from the secondary crushing plant, all m in u s-l/2-in ch size, is transported to the fine ore-bins by belt conveyor, which m ay be seen just behind and above the main building in foreground. The ore-bins, mea suring 24 feet in diameter and 30 feet in height, are constructed o f corrugated armor plate. They are in tandem and each holds 750 ton o f crushed ore. The ore is drawn from the bottom o? the bins by means of a Hardinge constant-w eight feeder. The big building in foreground houses the pow er plant and the fine-grinding and flotation sections. These sections turn the crushed copper ore into concentrates. The concentrates, contain ing copper and gold, are transported through a tw o-kilom eter pipe line to the filter plant located 900 feet lower than the m ill building.
and other necessities of life. -Eventually, the camp population is exepected to grow to between 3,000 to 4,000 people, all de pendent on the mines production. Actually, Philexs history has just be gun. Philex is looking forward to a long productive life. It knows we shall meet many problems on the way but it has over come some difficult ones already and it is inured to hardship- Philex is fortunate in having among its assets, a very parti cularly valuable one: a small but dedi cated group of engineers with vision, abi lity and courage. Our hats are off to them. PHILEX MINING CORPORATION, was organized in July, 1955 by Paul Schafer and George Scholey with Henry Brimo as president. The project consists of three different groups of mineral claims, designated as Santo Tomas I, Santo II and Santo To mas HI, Santo Tomas II of four claims contains a tremendous 20 ,000,000-ton dis seminated copper ore body averaging around 1.00 per cent copper. Santo To mas I, and Santo Tomas III having smal ler ore bodies but richer in both cop per and gold, from which some ore will be drawn. The Santo Tomas project with author ized capital Of P6,000,000 and P5,113,166 paid-up capital, is located approximately 16 airline kilometers due south o f Ba guio City. The No. H mine, on which present operations are concentrated, rest at an elevation of around 5,000 feet above sea level, almost at the top o f the southern tip of the Central Cordillera. It was originally planned to work the No. 1 mine, but No. II was given priority by vir tue of its large disseminated ore body un*
PHILEX OUTPUT. Executives of Phi lex Mining Corp. pose before a lad of coppergold ore constituting the millionthton milled at the comnanys Santo Tomas plant. They are, left to right (front row) mine consultant George A. Scholev. mine superintendent George Henry, general su perintendent Ralph Seideman, (back row) company general manager George T. Scho ley, metallurgical consultant Albert Pessin and geologist Juan Agana.
--------------- 0---------------covered by diamond drilling and tunelling. Entering the production stage in mid-1958, Philex Mining Corporation, ex perienced a lot of inevitable starting-up difficulties plus some extra problems with dollar financing of necessary imports. Despite all this, Philex managed to show a modest profit from its copper opera tions. Although it had to abandon chrome operations for the time being.
The growing com munity of Philex w h e r e some cot tages have b e e n constructed for the
Mines p e r s o n n e l
and o t h e r ployees.
em
2.11
Col. W. E. Hamby
The late CoJ. William Robert Hamby distinguished military man who has rendered years of meritorious ser vice to the American army saw action in two W orld Wars. He was with the U.S. Expeditionary Forces in Neurse Argonne and St. Mihiel, France during World War I in 1917-1918 and then with Pershing in Mexico in 1919. During World War II he joined the invasion forces in Leyte and
a very
ne served as Umef of the War Commission in Manila to try the Japanese criminals. For his invaluable services as chief advi ser to former President Svngman Rhee of Korea, he was awarded 7 battle stars on Korean Ribbon, the Silver Star and the Legion of Merit. The Filipinos will remember him best for his various services at Fort Stotsenburg, Pampanra in 1931. up to the out break of the war. It was here that a parade was given in his honor by his old troop guidon F Troop 26 Cavalry when he re tired in 1953. During his retirement he with his wife settled in Baguio and la ter became the Public and Labor Rela tions Chief of the Benguet-Balatoc Mines for three years. Col. Hamby was born on March 24, 1896 in Austin, Texas. He graduated from the University of Texas and the First Officers Training Camp for Regu lar Officers of the U.S. Forces. He was an active member of the Ba guio Rotary Club and the Elks Club.
JOSE JU A N C A S A N O V A S General Superintendent, Benguet Exploration Inc. An industrial chemist by profession, Mr. Casanovas is
8 Baguio builder through the Benguet Expo-ration Incorpo
rated of which he is the General Superintendent. His share in boosting Baguios progress started when he became Mill Foreman of the Itogon Mining Company. Later he served as Mill Superintendent of the Paracale Gumaus Co. thus enhancing his experiences in the mining industry. Previous ly he at one time worked as Mill Shifter in the IXL Mining Company. Jose Juan Casanovas Mr. Casanovas was born in Manila on August 6, 1914, the son of a Spanish couple, Juan C m novas and Julia de Ycaza: He obtained his elementary edu- chemistry. cation from La Salle College and his Ks is married to the former Carmen secondary education from San Juan de Barretto of Manila with whom he has Letran College. In the Adamson Univer a son. sity, he pursued and finished industrial
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JUAN B. ZARATE
BORN in Nangalisan, Benguet, Mt. Proof Aringay, La Union. Brought up to vince. Son of Juan B. Zarate o f BinBaguio in 1903 when his Father was maley, Pangasinan and Segunda Flores appointed Secretary-Treasurer o f the Township of Baguio. MARRIED to Isabel Rimando of Naguilian, La Union, a former Nurse in the Baguio General Hospital for se veral years. Mrs. Zarate is now an active civic and social worker in the city. She was selected Mother of the Year by the Baguio Colleges. They have seven children all professionals. EDUCATION: Studied in the Baguio Industrial School, the first Elementary School in Baguio. Finished Interme diate School and graduated from the Philippine Normal School, Manila in 1917. WAS principal teacher of Government Center School, Ba guio in 1917-1919. Served as Supervising Teacher in Baguio, Kapangan, Balbalan, Bontoc, Lubuagan and Kiangan Districts, Mt. Province from 1919 until retire ment in 1937. REAL ESTATE Broker and Businessman. Voted Real Es tate Man of the Year in 1949. SERVED in the Baguio City Council in 1945-1946 during the Osmena Administration. WAS a member of the Baguio Coordinating Committee and Mr. Juan Zarate National Urban Planning Board. PRESIDENT of Baguio Realty Board, Inc. 1953-1959. Past President, Baguio Chamber of Commerce. MEMBER: Rotary Club of Baguio and Knights of Rizal.
[ 213 ]
CLAUDE L. STEWART
Prop., Royal Apartments
Claude L. Stewart, son of George Stewart, one of the pioneers in transportation of the mountain city, who is a na turalized Filipino, was born in far Jamaica, British West In dies on May 9, 1900. He is the holder of a B.S. in Agricul ture. Before coming to the Philippines, he served in Jamaica as bookkeeper and deputy overseer for the P. G. Riverstate Golden Grove post office and in 1920 as clerk and assistant bookkeeper of the United Fruit Company in Preston Cuba. He arrived in the Philippines in 1923 and joined his father, in a transportation business in Bauang, La Union which was expanded to include a Baguio branch known as Pines Garage CLAUDE L. STEWART yal Garage was sold in 1932, Stewart attached to the Pines Hotel, in 1927, they started on his own by investing in several established their own garage known as mining groups at the same time real es Royal Garage. At that time, young Ste tate broker. Among his business assets is wart was also representing some big busi the Stewart Building which was badly de ness concerns like Ford Motor Co., U. S. vastated by the grusome war. The post Royal Tires Co., Mobile Gas, General Fire war period found the Stewart Building be stone & Good year Tires, Shell Gasoline, ing rehabilitated slowly. Pennsylvania Oil Co., etc. When the Ro-
%
Of. .1. dc!a Rosa
[ 214 ]
He was born on September 30, 1900 in Taal, Batangas, as the son of Martin dela R osa' and Marcela Ilagan. Dr. dela Rosa took up and finished the study of Medicine in 1929 at the U S.T. His service record speaks of experience as resident physician of the Itogon Mining Company, visit ing physician of the Hoover Saw Mill and Dangwa Tranco, then as Camp Surgeon Camp Henry T. Allen until the outbreak of the war. During the occupation, he was Com pany Surgeon of the 11th Division Company Isolation Camp in the Bataan campaign with a rank of majoF. Upon the cessation of the hostilities he spent most of his time in business and social affairs. He has been pre sident of the Baguio Medical Society and a member of the Knight of Columbus, Baguio Country Club and was a mem ber of the Rotary International. He is married to the former Caridad Jalon with whom he has ten children.
His Excellency Most Rev. William Brasseur is the Vicar Apostolic of Baguio and Mountain Province. As such he is the head of the Catholic Church in the province who for more than ten years has made outstanding accomplishments in line with true Christian faith. Accredited to His Excellency is the rehabilitation of the war-damaged Catholic missions at Kiangan, Banaue, Lagawe, and Mayoyao, Ifugao; Lubuagan, Tinglayan, and Tabuk Kalinga; Bauko, Sabangan, and Natonin, Bontoc; Lucban, Baguio; Atok, La Trinidad, Itogon, Dalupirip, Bokod, Kabayan and Lepanto, Benguet, Tutul, Apayao. Then, too, the isolated places in the province were given spe cial attention through the establishment of new chapels for free schools and the opening of new missions with perma nent priests incharge in Allaguia, Tabuk, Tutul, Natonin, Mayayao, Tinglayan, Lucban, and Atok. A ll Excellency has left efforts were directed towards the plantthe realization of ing of the Cross in the Mountains . His tianity.
B ishop W. BRASSEUR
D.D
Vicar Apostolic of Baguio aiid Mt. Prov.
This is the thumbnail sketch of a man who is idolized by his pepole because of what he made of himself through hardwork, foresigt and determination. He built a sprawling transportation busi ness which now serves Baguio, Manila and the Mt. Province. He rose from the ranks to become Governor of the Mt. Pro vince, twice appointed by two presidents of different political affiliations, namely, the late Presidents Quirino and Magsaysay. Then, too, when the position be came elective, he was overwhelmingly elected. As the incumbent Governor of the Mt. Province, he is determined to give his people a clean and efficient govern ment that deserves the respect and con fidence of the masses. To name his achievements as a public official would be like reciting a litany. The name Dangwa has become a by word especially in Baguio and in the M t Province. How he built the Dangwa Tran sportation company is an inspiring tale for the present generation and genera tions to come. While studying at the Tri nidad Agricultural School, now the Mt.
Gov. Hado uangwa National Agricultural College be attract ed the attention of Mr. Jamqs Wright, an American teacher of the institution who foresaw a bright future fo r him in the transportation business instead of in the teaching profession. Through the help o f Mr. Wright and some friends, he acquired five dilapidated Chevrolet cars from Emi lio Milia, owner of the then North Ga rage in La Trinidad. During the war, he joined the resist ance movement and won fame as a ma jor. After the war, the Dangwa Transpor tation Company was back on its feet to resume its mission of service to the people.
[ 215 ]
c. s.
Born in Pateros, Rizal, May 30, 1907 of parents of moderate means. Showed inclination to music at an early age so that parents allowed him to take piano lessons at early teens. Leadership was inborn in him. While in high school, he had been a pianist for the high school orchestra and glee clubs, student lead er and was President of their Youth or ganization in his home town for three consecutive terms. Got married while a student in the College of Liberal Arts, University of the Philippines, and his parents would not spend a cent for him, so he had to work in order to continue his studies. He joined the U.P. Band to be free from tuition fees, played in several cinema houses and later when the talkies came he got a job at the European-American Y.M.C.A. during evenings, playing the piano for their calesthenics. While an intern in the Hospital he worked during Sundays as organist in his home town and also organist for the Sunday Ser vices in McKinley Y.M.C.A. Graduated in the College of Medicine, University of the Philippines in 1931, passed the Board of Medical Examiners the same year, obtaining 9th place. Open ed a small clinic in Pasay City and took up special studies in Surgery as Assist, ant to Dr. Januario Estrada, then one of
the leading Surgeons in the Philippine General Hospital, and then, Chief of the Department of Surgery, College of Me dicine, U.P., until December, 1934 when he was offered a position as Resident Physician at Notre Dame de Lourdes Hospital in Baguio and Benguet Conso lidated and Balatoc Mining Co. Before he accepted this residentship at Notre Dame de Lourdes Hospital he took train ing in Radiology at the Philippine Gen eral Hospital, Department of X-rays. One year later, he became Assistant Physician and Radiologist and again in 1937, he was made Assistant Clinical Director of the same institution. In 1940, he became Acting Clinical Director of the Notre Dame de Lourdes Hospital and Acting Head of the Medi cal Department of Benguet Consolidated and Balatoc Mining Companies until the outbreak of the war. When the Japanese arrived on Dec ember 27, 194,1, in Baguio, he took over as Clinical Director of the Hospital and transferred the U.S. Hospital patients and equipments at Camp John Hay to Notre Dame Hospital. Then he started playing a smart game with the Japanese, out witting them for three years while No tre Dame was made a center of under ground activities including aiding Ame rican internees and the guerilla forces
Staff Members of the Benguet Medical Service before the war. fitting: Left to right Dr. Jose Gutierrez-Fajardo, Resi dent Physician, Benguet Cons. Minnjg Co., Antamok; Dr. F. D. Manalo, Asst, to the Clinical Di rector- Dr. J .E. Reed, Clinic Director; Dr. T. C. Arvisu, Visiting Phy sician; Dr. A. P. Vidal, Resident Physician, Bala toc Mining Co.; Standing: Left to right Dr. B. V. Tamesis, Reisdent Phy sician, Lusod Sawmill; Dr. Rogelio N. Relova, Bacteriologist and Patho logist; Dr. Pablo Merca do, Intern, Notre Dame Hospital.
1
around Baguio regions. For this, he was awarded by the United States Govern ment the highest civilian Award The U.S. Medal of Freedom. In 1945, he was appointed the first Filipino Head of the Medical Department of Benguet Consolidated and Balatoc Mining Companies and Clinical Director of the Notre Dame Dame de Lourdes Hospital which position he still holds presently. In 1937, he was one of the found ers of the Baguio Medical Society and became its first Vice-President and in 1938, he was elected President of the same. He was again elected President of the Baguio Medical Society for 19491950 and again in 1951- 1952 and ,19521953. He also served for about twelve times as member of the Board of Direc tors of the Baguio Medical Society from 1939 to 1959. In 1939, he was chairman of the Com mittee on Arrangement for the first P.M.A. Convention held in the City of Baguio, adjudged one of the most suc cessful one outside Manila. He was elecfed then as First Vice President of the Philippine Medical Association. In 1952 he was also the Chairman of the Com mittee on Arrangement for the Second PMA Annual Convention held in the City of Baguio when he first introduced the amendments to the Constitution which brought about the creation of Districts and visitations of Component Societies by the officers of the P.M.A. He was again elected Vice President for Luzon during the PMA Annual Meeting in 1953 for the year 1953-1954 and then President for the year - 1956-1957 in the Annual Meeting of 1955. He was again elected Councilor-at-Large for 1958-1961 after' he has faithfully served his term as member of the Council for 1957-1958 in his capacity as Immediate Past Pres ident. In January, 1946, he was appointed by the then Sec~etary of Health as a member of the board of Medical Exam iners and served for the whole year. During the same year he was appointed general consultant in the Baguio Gen eral Hospital. On December 1948 he became a fel low of the Philippine College of Sur geons. He served as Regent of the Col lege from 1956 to 1959. He is at pre-
sent chairman of the Northern Luzon Regional Chapter of the Philippine Col lege of Surgeons. He is a member of the Philippine Fe deration of Private Medical Practitioners since Nov. 1954 and President of the Baguio Chapter of the Federation since its founding in 1955 to the present. He has written several scientific and organizational papers some of them are: A Probable Case Of Pseudo-hemophelia With Rh Negative Blood (read before the Baguio Medical Society): Amoebiasis A Probable Medical and Health Pro blem (The Journal of the Pangasinan Medical Society); Judeth Operation In A Case Of Aseptic Necrosis of the Fermoral Head (Journal of Surgery , P.C.S.); What The Futrue Holds For Us As Phy sicians (The Journal of the Pangasinan Medical Society); The present status of the Medical Profession and the Need for a Strong, Potent and Militant Organiza tion (read before the PMA Convention of 1952); The role of the Philippine Medical Association in Public Health (Lecture at Certified Public Health Class, Institute of Hygiene Dec. 4, 1956); The Workings of the PMA (read during the Plenary Session, May 2, 1957, 50th An nual Convention, May 2, 1958). He became a member of the Rotary Club of Baguio in 1938, became a mem ber of the Board of Directors in 1939 to 1941 and elected President of the Club in July 1941 until the outbreak of the war. He reorganized the Rotary Club of Baguio after liberation and became its President again until 1947 and later member of the Board of Directors unt
I 217 I
19 du. ne was norainatea ior District Gov ernor of Rotary District 383 I Philippine
lytjZ.
District) during the Rotary District Conterence in Davao, April 29, 1950 and during the International Convention of Rotary International at Detroit, June 1950 he was elected District Governor of Ro tary International District No. 385. As such, he was the first Physician District Governor of Rotary International in th Philippines. He made a round the worla trip to attend the Rotary Convention in Detroit, Michigan, U.S.A. and made ob servation in the different clinics in the United States with special reference to Surgery. From then on, he served Ro tary International in different capacities up to the present. He helped organize the Philippine Na tional Red Cross Chapter in Baguio around 1947 for which he had been a member of the Chapter Board up to 1956. He was elected Member of the Board of Governors of the Philippine National Red Cross in 1951 up to 1953. He was President of the U.P. Alumni Association, Baguio Chapter from 1949 to 1957 and member of the Board of Directors up to the present. He is member of the Baguio City Planning Commission since 1951 and ap pointed chairman of the same commis sion on February 20, 1958 for a term
He is one of the founders and incor porators of the Philippine Cancer Soc iety which was formally incorporated on December 15, 1956. He was then elected as member of the Board of Directors for 1957, rc-ilected in 1958 and re-elect ed again for another term to expire January, 1960. He joined the Knights of Rizal, Baguio Chapter in 1955 as Knight of Rizal, pro moted to degree of Knight Commander of Rizal in 1957. He became Commander of the Baguio Chapter of the Knights (President) in 1958 to the present. He was elected Regional Commander of the Knights of Rizal for Luzon in 1956, re elected in 1957 and 1958 and again in 1959. As such he became a member of (he Supreme Council of the Knights of Rizal. He was given by the City of Baguio during the 11th Anniversary of the In dependence Day of the Republic of the Philippines the award as the Outstand ing Civic Leader. (July 4, 1957) He is one of the organizers of the Philippine Mental Health Association, Ba guio Chapter and elected its first Pres ident. He has the distinction of having given 25 years of devoted service to the No tre Dame de Lourdes Hospital.
DEDICATION SPEECH
Your Excellency, Rev. Fathers, Rev. Sisters, Distinguished Guests, Ladies and Gentlemen:
Tw enty five years ago, a man came to N otre Dame de Lourdes Hospital to help shape its own institutional history. He w as a doctor. He was more than a doc* tor; he was a good man. He was more than a good m an; he was a dedicated man. And today, as we look back on the rich and fru itfu l years under which our hos pital grew and developed with him at the helm, we cannot help but marvel in awe and respect fo r upon the silver years he has le ft the im print o f his own dynamic life. M any w ere the times when his loyalty to the hospital and his dedication to his profession w ere put to the test.. During the difficu lt w ar years when personal safety was ever endangered even within the confines o f one's own home, Dr. Ma* nalo stayed at his post faith fully, giving o f his time and energy that those who were wounded might continue to hope for recovery. H is was an out-pouring person ality that found its strength in the lcs. son o f the Good Samaritan. selflessly ministering to the weak and the wounded in Notre Dame de Lourdes. And as if this were not sufficient during those times o f great dluress, Dr. Manalo assisted the Sisters immeasurably in giving aid and com fort and providing safety to mem bers o f the underground movement, at. the risk not only o f personal life hut also of the lives o f those close to the hospital. Today, he has the rare satisfaction of one who can look back on twenty-five years o f meaningful living. And we who are gathered here today, find a striking significance in the fact that this program is a joint celebration his 25-vear dedicat ed service to N otre Dame de Lourdes H os pital, and the blessing o f the renovated Hospital which he has served so faithful ly all these years. This is a new era pat terned after the snirit o f our namesake, the great apostle St. Paul, who lived like Christ with intense dedication. And Dr. Manalo is Notre Dame de Lourdes glowjj.g eyflT V 'rd o f a wh^s years o f service bear the stamp o f Cods gold harvest.
WILLIAM T ?. MURPHY
Businessman and Sportsman One of Baguios illustrious sons, Mr. William B. Murphv, a businessman of rio mean calibre, was b om in the city on August 18, 1911 of Filipino-American parentage, A pro duct of Ateneo de Manila (High School), he enrolled at Are University pf Santo 'Tomas where he took civil en gineering in which he completed the second year in 1930. He ventured in business instead and became one o f the countrys front-line business executives. A sportcman-pilot, he put up the first direct BaguioManila bus line which during the early post-liberation days enjoyed a monopoly o f availing Baguio with safe and mo. dem transportation companies in Baguio iiritil its sale to tbe Dangwa Transporta tion Company. When he left Baguio in 1952 to be come Manager of the Interwood, I c. plywood manufacturer, he did not stay put in one activity. He put up his own paper mill to produce toile* p^oer n the Same compound. In 1956 he left the company and established the Easter Ply wood Company instead which he sold two years later. Having secured a con* cession is Camarines Norte for logging
William B. Mnrpny
operations, He put up a sawmill. At the same time in the said concession which consists o f more than seven hectares gold ore claims were discovered in the near future will be operated by a Ja panese firm on a partnership Hsis. Tte also established a motor seirvico shop at Isaac Peral, Manila row known as Round the Clock Motor Service. Simul taneously, he is also supervising the ope ration o f the Baguio Bus Taxi with around 50 fleets.
Shown above are some of the fleet of the Baguio Bus Taxi.
[ 219 ]
BAGUIO COLLEGES It was a young Benjamin Salvosa who led his fellow debaters and orator* at the University of the Philippines in 1934 in a series of cross c ountry speaking tours. That experience was only a fore taste of things to come for Salvosa ne ver ceased to be a leader of men and of ideas, never ceased to be sensitive to the vital issues of the time, and to be elo quently vocal of his carefully considered thoughts if perhaps he can help create an enlightened public opinion. His extemporaneous speeches have been heard everywhere. Whether as a na tionalist and champion of civil liberties, as an opponent of inequalities in Philippine-American agreements, as a lecturer on Philippine-Asian-American relations, as chief delegate to international con ventions or as chairman thereof, his re sonant voice, sparkling witicism and pe netrating analysis of current iissues are well known. To his dismay it was clear in 1945 that despite the objectionable features of the Philippine War Damage and Trade Acts, these unjust legislation had the support of the majority of our national leaders. Undaunted by this disheartening fact perhaps inspired by it he set out on a nation-wide lecture tour in a val iant attempt to help stem the tide. He lost but was glad he made his position clear and known. In 1951 he went on a lecture tour of the United States as a visiting scholar o f the U.S. State Department under a Fulbrieht and Smith-Mundt grant and
[ 220 ]
made a critical anaylsis o f lJ.S. policies in the Philippines and Asia. Wrote Wil liam Hynes of the San Francisco Press Club to Salvosa: Your talk x x x was timely interesting, and excellently pres ented. Your ability to sprinkle your ser ious remarks with bits of humor kept the audience alert and taught us all how a keen speaker can still keep the proper perspective in this presentation. Salvosas gift of speech is equalled by his facility with the pen. He has been a publisher (Philippine - American Maga zine), editor (Com m erce), columnist (Rotarily Yours in the Manila Chronicle, B y and Large in the Manila Times, and Educationally Yours in the Baguio Mid land Courier ), and an author (Rules of
Court on Civ.'l Actions, Criminal Proce dure, Special Proceedings, and Evidence, 1940, Witness, 1953; Trial Technique, Proof of Facts, 1957; A Forward Look on the Coconut, 1958; and Confessions,
1958). In answer to the demand of lawers and jurists who have been urging him for a revised edition o f the book on Remedial Law which he co-authored with Ambassador Mariano Ezpeleta in 1940 he has lately been busy working on a new version Although a lawyer by profession, Sal vosa is not a politician by inclination. Nevertheless, he holds one of the most enviable records in the public service Knowing his rich experience as a corpo ration lawyer and executive o f private corporations, national leaders drafted him inn the public service. He was Secreta*y-Treasurer and then Assistant to the Manager of the National Coconut Corporation from 1943 to 1946. In 1951 he was appointed to the Board of Direc tors of the National Development Compa ny. It was the late President Ramon Magsaysay who made him Board Chair man and General Manager of the Phil ippine Coconut Administration. It is the opinion of coconut experts that the Sal vosa reforms in the coconut industry led to price stabilization and redeemed the bad reputation of the Philippines as the world's largest producer of the worst copra.
Then nd of the war saw many o f Salvosas college friends rise in public life to become congressmen, senators, ambas sadors, and department secretaries. He chose, on the other hand, to found from the war ravages of Baguio a top rank college, the Baguio Colleges. In pioneer ing in higher education at the summer capital of the Philippines, he has not only brought training in the higher profes sions within the reach of the people of Northern Luzon but also increased the annual income of Baguio during the o ff season. His obsession has always been to train leaders, to promote the community development of Baguio City and its en virons, and hasten Baguio's growth as a
a university city. The Baguio Colleges has been successfully implementing all three objectives all along. Now as President o f the Private Schools Athletic Association o f the Phil ippines he has scheduled a sports festival in 1961 and initiated reforms in athletic training. He has just founded New Phil ippines," a cultural movement for a bet ter Philippines. It is too earlv to predict results. But if action follows pledges there is no telliing how far these move ments will go. And Salvosa is a man of action. He insists: Knowledge is not power; it is the application o f knowledge that is power. EDILBERTO TENEFRANCIA
EASTER SCHOOL
The Easter School, is a school mainly for the Igorots preferably Benguet Igo rots. Together with other schools in Ba guio, its curriculum and policies are strict ly patterned after modern trends and the Philippine Constitutions all schools shall aim to develop moral character, personal discipline, civic conscience, vocational ef ficiency, and to teach the duties o f citi zenship. The Easter School, in other words, is a complete Elementary School for Igorots that maintains at all times a high stand ard as evidenced by the excellent stand ing o f its graduates in higher schools. One o f its policies that proves beneficial is that o f maintaining only small classes for the sake o f a maximum individual at tention and supervision. Ever since the school was granted government recogni tion in 1935, it has continuously turned out satisfactory graduates One o f the schools specialities is w eav ing which yield an income to partially support the school. The sch ools turn-out o f woven articles serve to attract tour ists and vacationists because o f its novel designs and originality. The Easter School is alw ays ready to welcome visitors who may wish to see the school at work. It is ideally situated in Easter-Ferguson road, a location m ost conducive to learning. It was founded by Bishop Charles H en ry Brent, first Bishop o f the Protestant Episcopal Church in the Philippine Islands in 1905. In previous years the m anage ment o f the school was under a Head Master, and all matters o f policy or ad m inistration are decided in conference be tween the Bishon and the Head M aster. H owever, since the year 1956, a com pe tent & experienced principal w as chosen instead to take the place o f the Head M aster.
One of the Easter Schools specialties is weaving which yield an income to partially s u p p o r t the school.
BRENT
entrance requirements, since most of its graduates go on to college and universities in the United States and the Philippines. For a ni*mber of years Brent School was the only center of the College Examination Board. There are 12 buildings in all, including dormitories for the boys and girls, class rooms, administration build ing, chapel, gymnasium, li brary, infirmary and a dinine hall. Nearly all the
B oys Dormitory.
Throughout the nearly fifty years since its foundadation Brent School has maintained a high standard of scholarship and has won a deserved reputation and pre stige throughout the Orient. It has had students from all parts of the Archipelago, and from other parts of the East. It has been the aim of the school to produce a sys tem of education which will form the basis of correct moral and spiritual training, sense of social responsibili ty, and give the students high ideals, and develop true Christian character, at the same time fitting them intellectually for college and for positions of leadership in later life. The curriculum o f the school is based upon colleee
The Chapel.
Girls Dormitory.
teaching staff live on the campus. Small classes and a large and well-trained fa culty make possible a good deal of individual attention. In addition to their stu dies the students are pro vided with a well balanced program of extra-curricular activities including athletics, a dramatic club, a Boy Scout Troop, school paper, and nu merous other organizations. The religious life of the school is an important fea ture of their training. Daily chapel services are held, at which attendance is compul sory, and extra-services on Sundays. Since the school is under the auspices of the
SCHOOL
Brent School has now broad- accept properly qualified stuened its basis of admission to dents of any nationality and religious belief.
Episcopal Church, the cha pel services follow the ufuage of that church; though students of all denomina tions arc represented in the school. Courses in the stu dy of the Bible are also a
feature of the curriculum. The Brent School was founded by the Right Rev. Charles H. Brent - D. D. in 1909 at that time Bishop of the Philippines. At first it was known as the Baguio
Brent School and European residents in the Philippines, a place where they might have the advantage of a first - class Christian education in a cool and healthful climate, thus eliminating the necessity of sending children home to the United States at an ear ly age; and through the in tervening years Brent School has performed a real ser vice to the American gov ernment officials, business men, officers of the Army and Navy, missionaries, pro fessional men and other re sidents temporarily or per manently residing in the Philippines.
School, later in 1923, with Bishop Brents consent, it was renamed in honor of its
founder. Bishop Brents idea was to provide a school for the children of American
(A Thumb-nail Sketch)
BAGUIO
FERNANDO BAUTIS TA Born in Tondo, Manila. An honor gra duate from the Phil. N orm al School, in E.T.C.; B. S. E. and M. A. from the U.P. (in Edu cation) Ranked 2nd in the Senior Teacher Exam ination in Manila in 1934. President o f B.T.
1
M r. Fernando B&uMsta
*
r
TECH
ROSA CASTILLO BAUTISTA Born in Manila. Honor graduate in E. T. C. from Phil. Normal School B.S.E. and M. A. in Educa tion from the U.P. Topnotcher for Ma nila in the 1934 Senior T eacher examination. Principal, Baguio Tech High Schooi Su pervisor, Baguio Tech Training Department. Treasurer, Baguio Tech.
l L
to the end o f the first year. In the succeeding years more courses were offered and the enrollment doubled, trebled; more and more sought admission to the Institute. With the good foresight o f the founders, a lot along General Luna Road was acquired and shortly after a school building stood up. From time to time the building expanded, first to the
right wing, then to the le ft w ing until finally the lot area o f one thousand square mei^j-s was filled, leaving, how ever, a portion fo r the quadrangle. H ere, classes from the Session Road building were transferred. The atmosphere in this building was more conducive to study, the classrooms being o f standard size w ith spacious laboratory and other facilities.
F u rth er growth.
G *
A n d still growing.
T o cope with the ever-increasing stu dent population, an annex was built in another lot in Bonifacio Street where the elem entary, training and automotive-diesel departments are presently housed. A t the time o f writing, a third building is being constructed at Anacleto Diaz Street, above the Dangwa terminal. W ith the comple tion o f this building, we hope to accommo date more students seeking^ftlm ission, in the years to come. Tw elve years in the field o f education is n ot a long time. But in that short span o f existence, it can be said that Baguio Tech has arrived in the field 6f educa tion. B aguio Tech has contributed her share in the education o f the youth and has likewise earned laurels and kudos for her high academic records as shown ;n the yearly competitive examinations fo r teachers, and radio graduates. B aguio Tech believes in the positive va lue o f education o f enriching the indivi duals personality through a diversified program o f activties, both social and cul tural, which provides opportunities for discovering potential talents and capaci ties, w ithout neglecting the academics. The student is encouraged to help 'and to "serve in community projects to awaken in him civic consciousness and to make o f him a responsible citizen in a democratic society. The school also provides fo r the student a time fo r physical development through athletics. Baguio Tech also em [ 226 ]
bodies in its program religious education despite its being a non-sectarian school, because an individual needs spiritual nourishment so that he can better cope with the ills and the temptations that are ever present in his environment. Through the years Baguio Tech has ac quired a distinctive pattern of living. When a student is about to graduate he discerns this pattern clearly and realizes what it has meant and will mean to him. Students come and go. Baguio Tech stands ready to serve them.
LOUIS COLLEGE
53 YEARS AGO . . . Saint Louis College erected its first school huil with 10 pupils enrolled destined to m ake educatit na! history. . TODAY . . . 53 years later, with m o.e than 8.000 pupils enrolled finds a m ore advanced and progressive educational program reaching all time which have helped give the nation men o f unstinted integrity and leadership.
courses were included in the sch ools curriculum. In 1930, a concrete building was constructed on the Cathedral Hill a few yards above the
first missionary little school thus giving Baguio two big Catholic institutions o f learning, one in Campo Filipino and another in the eastern
E lem en tary
part o f the city. W orld War II did not spare the school from being which fa ct did not dissuade the Belgian Sisters from making anoth e r try and putting the sch ool back on its feet. The concrete building was rehabilitated in no time and this marked the beginning o f a steadily grow ing school population. In 1953, the C ollege De partment was opened to sa tisfy public demands. Like
d - \
A passing review o f the B.M.I. Cadets w ith L t C ol. A . H en so n , superintendd id Brig. G en. Manuel Flores, Supt. o f the P M A .
SAINT
school that was to become the largest and foremost ci tadel of Catholic learning in northern Luzon. Then follow ed stages of rapid and stea dy growth. In 1913 a chapel made of rough pine lumber and sawale and located at Campo Filipino became the :h o o ls site of activities. In lis chapel, too was born the beginning of the Saint Louis Silver and Gold Shop that now turns out intrie-
lint Louis College rose i its humble beginning vhat it is today, a m oental landmark o f Caic education in this part he country, as envisionay its founders, the BelFathers. 1908, conditions then ining in Baguio were igh to discourage even most stout-hearted of . By dint o f hard work. :r determination, aiiu ance from the Almighty, Belgian Missionary Fa m !J*fi p f i F p ; 'S founded a school at northwestern base o f the i i iiJliijJiiiUi on top o f which now ds the Baguio Cathedral, iip p lg p i* o f Baguios main attions. The school was ; a little house where a Saint Louis College. ;n children were the ly made, exquisitely de t enrollees in 1910. This n n e d and in demand sil ked the beginning o f a ver and gold pieces of je welry. The year 1914 saw Saint L ou is G ym nasium . the erection of another jilding that partly servi as quarters for the Belgian Missionary Sisters who were ^managing and maintaining the school and as complete e 1 e m entary school rooms. Vocational courses like lace-making, embroidery, hand - weaving, silversmithing, t a i 1 o ring, shoe-making tanning, car pentry, cane-carving and gardening were offered side by side with the academic
the elementary and seconda ry departments, it is fast gaining recognition and ac claim so much so that the College may soon be elevat ed to a university level. It is obvious that the Saint Louis College is on its way up m olding the youth when ever and wherever possible to be intellectually, profes sionally. socially, and reli giously strong.
Passing r e v ie w o f the Saint L ou is C ollege R.O.T.C. with F ather A lb e rto O verbek e.
u\
One of B aguio s land marks in educational progress is Saint There sas College, located on a quiet place along the Navy Road.
No. 4 Navy Road, Baguio City Telephone 61 - 45 This humble institution of learning offers a com plete education, which aims at the physical, intellectual, moral, and religious developm ent of its students. The limited number of students allows an unusual degree o f individual atten tion, which insures a more thorough developm ent and results in higher standards o f scholarship. From Kindergarten up to Fourth-Year High School, emphasis is laid on the development o f character, personality, and leadership, as w ell as on scholarship. The cool, invigorating climate of Baguio makes it an ideal place for growing children who may be accepted boarders.
-o -
BAGUIO CATHOLIC
SCHOOL PRESS
business printing in general to the public. U nfortunately, this service-go ing agency was cut sh ort by the war. Most o f its bu ildin gs w ere badly damaged. Due to the huge damage w rought by the war, re habilitation o f this bu ildings did not, however, in the least alter the grim determination o f the Belgian Missionaries to restore the Catholic School Press back on its feet.
Catholic P ress.
School
Modern
Baguio used to boast o f a wel'organized Catholic School Press before the war. This press was in deed invaluable to the public, in general, for the service that it was at that time rendering Under the Catholic Missionaries, the press was instrumental in the propaga tion o f the Faith. It was not only doing jobs o f printing religious in structions. hut if we nln doing
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Starting humbly as a three story < Summer house, it gra dually expanded to meet the demands o f Society. In 1945 War and was razed to the ground. A fter liberation, the hospital was tem porarily housed at La Salle Villa. Due to the indefatigable efforts o f the Adm inis tration, construction was soon started at the old site and was com pleted in 1947. Other addi tions w ere made in 1949-1953 and 1956. And again this year reconstruction was made with additions o f spacious wards and com fortable rooms. The hospital is ow ned and administered by the Sisters o f St. Paul de Char tres w hich supplies the Nursing Service. The Medical Staff headed by Dr. F. D. Manalo are o f the Benguet Consolidated, Inc. from which the m ajority of patients are employed. The Benguet Lab oratories with its m odern and vast facilities boost the hospital progress and with the good team work o f the two parties, Notre Dame Hospital stands today in its m agnificence serving soSiety in season and out of season, regard less o f age, color or creed.
T h e m od ern N o tr e D a m e d e L ou rd es H os pital a fte r it was rehabilitated.
EUGENE P. PUCAY
Member of the City Council Mr. Pucay, educator, sportsman, farm er, and realtor, was born in Baguio on July 4, 1901; the son o f Daroan Pucay, now deceased, who like father like son, was once among the recognized leaders looked up to by the natives. He started early in life to do his bit for his com munity. A fter his graduation from the Mountain Province High School in 1926, he taught at Easter School being man aged by American Missionaries. He gave fifteen years o f himself to the teaching profession and when world war II broke out, he found that his services were need ed elsewhere. He, thus, joined the 66th In fan try as a second lieutenant to help, in his own humble way, the guerilla movement. A fter the war, he engaged in large scale farm ing and poulty-raising in Guisad Valley. His aim in so doing is ap parent and, that is, to bolster economic stability even only in a small way. Added to his chain o f responsibilities are his du ties as a good Christian specifically as a warden of the Church o f the Resurrection. In recognition o f his worth as a leader socially and politically, the administration under the late President Magsaysay ap pointed him to the post o f city councilor. Prior to this, he once occupied the chair manship of the Advisory Council o f Igo rots during the administration o f the late President. Roxas. A s an appointive councilor, he has al ways identified himself with the cause o f
ft
EUGENE PU C A Y the common man. To prove his sincerety, he sponsored several resolutions during his incumbency some o f which w ere the fo l low ing: 1. Approval o f applications o f lots at the Baguio W orkingm ens V illage and Squatters Site. 2. A pproval o f Supplemental Budget No. 36 covering as apnropriation o f P50,000.00 fo r the completion o f the B aguio City H igh School. 3. Sponsored resolution dem olishing unsightlv Kioskos at the Burnham Park. 4. Resolution No. 327. 1954, approval o f application fo r lots at the B aguio W ork ingm ens Village. 5. Approval o f adjustm ents o f salaries o f high echool teachers. Resolution 212, r 1954 authorizing- th Mayor to negotiate R F C Loan o f PI .000.000. 6 . Resolution No. 42, c.s.
back row with Rev. Father G. Bartter fitting in the middle and other members t)f the t e a c h i n g force of the Easter School during th e pre-war days.
"STANDARD HOL
Born in Laoag, Ilocos Norte on October 30, 1889 as the son of A polonio Bareng and Natalia Navarro, he is a product of the Philippine School of Commerce where he took bookkeeping and the University of the Philippines where he took account ing for 2 years. He served as Battalion Sergeant-Major in the Philippine. Other pertinent data o f his experiences while in the government service include: clerk in the Bureau o f Customs having passed the second grade civil service examination; elerk in the then Bureau o f Education from whence he served later as property clerk and then as cashier from 1912 to 1918; ineome tax examiner o f the Bureau of Internal Revenue and then as super* vising agent in the same bureau.
MACHINE VIBRATED I
Makers of VIBRATED & COMPRESSED Concrete Hollow Blocks Stretchers, half blocks, corner blocks, beam blocks, sash blocks: load bearing or ordinary, Cul verts, Cement pipes, Survey monuments, Fence Posts, Concrete Water Tanks, Paving Blocks. Cement Bricks and other cement products.
Partial fro n t view o f the Quality Hollow B locks o ffice and F actory.
L 234 1
LOW BLOCKS"
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& COM PRESSED
We only emP lo y Skilled Technicians and Craftsmen. We also use locally built and per fected VIBRAT ING & COM PRESSING M A CHINES by local Filipino Talents. We always use chosen qual i t y Baguio lime sand, Graded River sand, and Gravel so that our pro ducts are, by all stan d a r d s of comparison, the best in the MAR KET.
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In 1936 he became a permanent resi dent o f Baguio and joined the business men o f the city. B efore the war, he had several apartment buildings to his name which were destroyed during the bom bing o f the city. A t present he is at the helm o f a progresive hallow block business that Pros p e c t i v e Home - Builders are cordially in vited to inspect our premises and stocks, and watch how our mach ines VIBRATE and COMPRESS the blocks, before ordering their needs. The HI-STAN DARD LAUN DRY presently service the fol1 o wing institu tions: Baguio Country Club, Pines Ho tel, Philippine Military Acade my, and Baguio M i 1 itary Insti tute.
branshed out into the manufacture o f d if feren t kinds o f cement prdoucts such flow er pots, fence post culverts and many others. Twice married, he had 5 chlidren by his first w ife who are all professionals now and 2 children by. his second wife.
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[ 235
LEON A. ALABANZA
Businessman and
A n oustanding parent and Baguio o ld . timer, Mr. L eon Alabanza was born on A pril 11, 1902 in Vigan, Ilocos Sur; the son o f Santiago Alabanza and Justa A spacio. He obtained his early education in his hometown but he finished the secondN it lim u ! I n t c r ,ilim i o f W h o k iis I .lo t i i d P h ilip p in e * .
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ary normal course at the Mountain Pro vince High School in 1923. Upon gradua tion he joined the teaching force o f Saint Louis School to which he was attached u n til the outbreak o f W orld W ar II. Aside from teaching he was managing a eurio store in the market compound, which he established in 1930. During the war he engaged in the curio business in earnest. A t present he has successfully put up se veral curio stores in the Stone Market Building and is thereby considerably boos ting Baguio as a tourist center. Mr. Albanza is an oldtimer because he came to Baguio as early as 1911. He is an outstanding parent because, together with his w ife, the form er Emerenciana Mendoza, he heads a fam ily o f 11 child ren, the eldest of whom is the incumbent Supt. o f Parks and Playgrounds o f Baguio, some are now professionals and the rest are busy pursuing an education. He was given a citation by the Baguio W om ens Club as an expression o f appreciation of their valuable contribution. He is a mem ber o f the Knights o f Columbus, Adoracion Nocturna.
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All sorts o f Philippine Hand-woven Textiles Luncheon sets, our Specialty Igorot w ood carvings of various designs * Depict Centurie'5 of Igorot Arts * Attractive Silver W ares * Finest o f Filipino W orkm anship * Qualitative Prices * A ccepts Orders, Local and Foreign
home of the Igorots ivhere centuries of isolation nurtured an ancient skill in handicraft peculiarly their own which flourishes to the present day. Their artistry in weaving , wood-carving and metal work finds expression in bold color schemes, massive designs and an eye for ca ricature.
A native of Naguilian, La Union, he came to Baguio In 1911 to work as clerk in the Bureau of Public Works under Mr. Price. He merited a promotion to the position of Pro perty Clerk in the Treasurers Ofiee in 1913 and served in this capacity until 1916. From 1916 to 1922 he served as clerk in the City Engineers Office. Again ha was promoted to the position of Chief of the Accounting Section in the City Engineers Office in which position he served from 1923 to 1936, until he retired under the Osmena Act.
ISAAC E. DIZON
Pioneer in Government Service Isaac E. Dizon served the City Government of Baguio faithfully for a quarter of a century, and he practically becam e a legend in the City Hall up to the time o f his retirement in 1960. He holds the record o f having served under 14 city mayors before the city mayorship becam e elective, and during his incumbency, he invariably held the positions of city secretary, chief clerk, and administrative officer in the O ffice of the Mayor, retiring on the latter position. He rates himself as a self-m ade man. Mr. Isaac E. Dizott His first jo b in the government was that of a barrio school teacher at P12 per month. He is when he was appointed City Secretary, an ex-newspaperman and a short story He and his family intend to spend w riter in the vernacular. the rest of their lives in Baguio, where Mr. Dizon was born in Pulilan, Bulacan,i he has sent the best part of his life in 1895, and came up to Baguio in 1935, in service to the residents o f the City.
JUAN BALAGOT
P io n e e r in G overn m en t Service
A djudged Man o f the Y ear in Education fo r 1957 by the Baguio Press Club,Mr. Juan Balagot who has dedicated 42 years of his life to the teaching profession deserves the award from all counts. A native o f Bauang, La Union, he started teaching in his hometown upon graduation from La Union Trade School in 1915. In 1919, he transferred to Lubuagan, Kalinga, Mt. Province where he stayed until 1920 when he was assigned in Baguio. From 1920 until his re tirem ent at the age of 61, he was a teacher in the city. A fter his retirement, he joined the faculty o f the Baguio T ech High School to which he is at present attached. Juan Balagot
a successful coach ot teams in various athletics. F or several t'm es, he has at tended Bureau o f Public Schools Interscholastic Athletic Meets in various places in the Philippines. Then, too he served as Head Coach o f selected male athletes [ 238 ]
GO CHU
Proprietor, Go Chu Hardware The Chinese in Baguio is playing an im portant role in the growth of this city. W orking closely with the residents in business and civic affa irs is Mr. Co Chu who have the dis tinction o f having stayed in this country for almost 50 years. A s a veteran in the field of business he was able to maintain several establishments in Northern Luzon during the outbreak o f the war. Mr. Go Chu, who is among the respected citizens in Baguio has finally established his main store here. He served ten times as president of the Laoag Chinese Chamber A ss.; several times as pres, o f the Baguio Chinese Patriotic School and one time chairman o f the Board o f D irectors of Mr. Go Chu the same institution. He was bom in Amoy, China on Nov During me Japanese occupation he con em ber 6, 1860; he first started his busi tributed money, foodstuff and clothing to ness career way back in 1915 in Laoag, the guerrillas under the late Governor Ilocos Norte. He has twelve children who Ablan in Ilocos Norte. When the ene are also active like him. mies invaded Northern Luzon, all o f his establishments were looted and burned. Prominent Chinese Businessman For having given the best years o f his life to Baguio, Chan Tay was among the recipients o f a certificate of award given by the Baguio City governm ent only to de serving individuals. Born on May 28, 1904 in Canton, China, Chan Tay was a product of the school of experience. W hen he came to Baguio in 1919, he was first em ployed in the Baguio Bakery as his stepping stone and he later w orked in the Army and Navy Club fo r several years in Camp John Hay. To earn more he joined the Isuan Inc, as representative in Northern Luzon until the outbreak o f the war. A few years after liberation, he reorganized the Baguio Nation alist Party with an initial membership o f 76 loyal members and became its chairman. He becam e chairman fo r several Mr. Chan Tay terms o f the said party; several terms as president & board of director o f the B.C. Chamber o f Com taineer's Store now located near the D angmerce. He was the Vice Pres, o f the Bawa Station. guio Lions Club for 1955-1956. He is married to Yee Guat Sue with His present business venture is the Mounw hom he has 4 children. S I E L E E
A n o th e r C hinese O ldtim er
CHAN TAY
Another Chinese oldtimer who intends to spend the rest of his life in Baguio is Mr. Sie Lee, who came to the City way back in 1919. His first venture was a dry goods store at the Stone Market which he maintained until the outbreak of W orld War H. At the same time he became a farm er and
married a native from Mountain Trail, Benguet, with whom he had children all born in Baguio. A fter liberation, he switched to the sari-sari business and opened a store in L u cban. Mr. Sie L ee hails from Canton, China but Baguio is his home where he has spent invaluable years in the iie ia o f b u siness.
On the o c c a sion of the signin? of royalty maiagement with optin to pur chase between the Benguet Consnlidated, Inc. & the Kennon Road Copper M in e s , Inc., April 23, 1959.
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sition. l'awas iatei served as MPC Agent during which he gathered and surren dered to the PC many loose firearms. The Recovered Personnel Division, U.S. Army, thru the Summary Court Officer, awarded him several decorations such as Philippine Defense Ribbon, Asia-Pa cific Campaign Ribbon, W orld War II Medal Distinguished Unit Badge with One Oak Leaf Cluster, Philippine Libe ration Medal, and Purple Heart. A t present, as a miner again he en joys the confidence, respect and esteem of his associates in the mining venture. Known as one of the best mining prospectors in the Philippines today, he learned his lessons in mining from such
tamous Am erican miners as J. D. High smith, Paul A. Gulick, C. P. Dugan, R. Miller, Tom Philipps. H. Blandy Ho ward, George Miles Icard, W. E. Ebbert, Ralph W. Ciocby, etc. (Already known by mining people) Married to the termer Miss Marie Edith Valdez o f Tuba, Benguet. Child less, they adopted more than ten child ren, many of whom are already married. Domalia Pilay Tawas is one o f 5 child ren o f Kalama Tawas and Domalia P ilay (both deceased) both of Suyoc, Mankayan, Benguet, Mt. Province. Pedro Tawas was born 55 years ago in the well-known Mining district at Su yoc, Mankayan.
FRUCTCSO 0. VALDEZ
Gen. Supt., Mines View Association A veteran o f the last war, who turned to business after the restoration o f peace, is Fru:toso O. Valdez a resident of La Trinidad, Benguet, Mt. Province. Mr. Valdez was called to active duty in the United States Armed Forces o f the Far East (U S A F F E ) as master ser geant, 11th Infantry Division from 1941-45. He finished high school studies in 1928 at the Saint Louis School. A fter graduation he was appointed to the po sition o f branch manager o f the Asiatic Petroleum Ltd. in Mr. F. O. Valdes Baguio, holding said position up to 1932. The follow ing year he was appointed to the position o f branch manager o f the Associated Oil Company, Baguio branch. Mr. Valdez was born on January 2, He held this job up to the outbreak 1905 in La Trinidad, the son o f Eugenio of the war in 1941. A t present he is con Valdez and Catalina Octobiano. He mar nected with Baguio Loakan Placer min ried the former^ Marcelina Abastilla, a ing and the Mines View Mining Associa Philippine Normal graduate and Olympic tion in Baguio. star player who bore him seven chil dren, four o f whom are boys r 24i i
ASSANDAS JETHMAL
Prop. & Gen. Manager, Assandas Dept. Stores, Manila One who is known to every Baguio resident, vacationist and tourist is no other than Assandas Jehmal, prominent businessman and form er proprietor of one o f the biggest and most up-to-date department stores located in Baguio Escolta . Through the Assandas store, he was in direct contact with people from all walks o f life. It is needless to state that his business entity has helped eased the unemployment problem in Baguio and provided the opportunity fo r people to have the best at a minimum cost. A. Jethmal first came to the Philippines in 1920 as a dry- goods merchant. For two years, he stayed in Manila. Mr. Vairai jem m al In 1931, he came to Baguio to establish the Bombay Bazar whicft was continuously maintained until to revive his pre-war investments by put 1941. U nfortunately, during the occupa ting up a store along Sta. Cruz. In 1947, tion, the bazar was looted and confiscat he opened a branch in Baguio, the As ed by the enemy and its owner was de sandas Department Store. tained fo r six months at Camp John Hay. He is married to a Filipina, the fo r Upon his release from the concentration mer Virgina Balmeo with whom he has camp, he immediately proceeded to Manila two children, both girls.
NAVALRAI JETMAL
Proprietor
and G en era l M anager, Assandas
Dept. Store
A native of Hyderabad Sind, India, Mr. Navalrai Jethmal W H has joined the ranks of Baguio boooster as new owner of _f a business landmark, the Assandas Department Store whcih n w K has earned a good reputation from the buying public for its sincere services and honesty. Thru to the claim that . Jk the beauty of the Pines City does not respect any barrier r of color, race or creed, he has actively identified himself in A J the country, from membership in the Lions International, " jjF Indian Chamber of Commerce, Bombay Merchants Associa* ' tion to the Peace and Amelioration Fund Commission Mr. Assandas Jethma! a gesture of his sincere faith in the fugoods enterprise until the outbreak of ture of the country. the war. He is married to Drupati JethBorn on Sept. 12, 1912, he was edu- mal with whom he has 4 children, three cated in India and came to the Philip f whom are boys and one a girl. Dines in 1929 to join his fathers dry
TOLARAM MOOLJIMAL
Those who have seen or resided in Baguio before the war will not forget the undisputable part that Tolaram M ooljimal has played in the business field of endeavor. As owner and manager of the pre-war Bombay Silk Store, the biggest dry goods store in Session Road then, he was known by people of varied endeavors and nationalities. Mooljimal came to the Philippines in 1922 after hav ing gained experience first as sales clerk, then as chief accountant in commercial firm s in Canton and Hongkong. In Baguio, he and his younger brother, Bheroom ull esta blished a dry goods Store. Their enterprieses grew to be Mr. T. Mooljimal come the biggest dry goods store in Session Road, of the war, lett-over, he put up the Bombay Com Before the outbreak mercial Company which in ten years beihe went to India where he stayed for came one o f the leading importers, the duration of the war. In 1947, he wholesalers, and retailers o f general returned to the Philippines to mend the merchandise in the Philippines today. damages that war wrought on his bus He is married and has fou r children. iness venture, The death of his brother Because of his good experiences in the from the hands o f the Japanese dis Philippines, he has com e to love the heartened him and made him m ore de country as his own. termined than ever to succeed where before thev failed. .From their business Manager, Bheroomulls Department Store One o f the w ell known business figures in Baguio, Tulsiram G. Sharma, manr.ger o f the above m entioned firm was born in October 1912 in Hyderabad, India, the son o f Gulzarilal and Sharma who was a businessman too. He completed his high school education in Hyderabad and serv ed as an elem. school teacher from 1932 to 1938 while helping manage his fathers store at the time. He came to Baguio in 1938 to join the business concern, Tolaram M oojim al and com pany at the time managing two stores one o f which, the Royal Bazaar was assigned to him for management until the the outbreak o f the war. During the occupation, being a foreigner he was sent to concentration camp for one month after w hich he again engaged in business. This enterprise was unfortunately damaged during the liberation period. Undaunted by bus iness failures, he went to Manila and opened a bar enter-
JOAQUIN YU
Former Proprietor, Lucban Lumber Co. Mr. Joaquin Y u was born in Am oy, Chi na. He came to the Philippines in 1914 to venture in business. His first attempt was a sari-sari store in San Pablo, Lagu na w hich he managed fo r six years. Not contented with this, he went to Manila instead to work for the then Seng Bee Sawmill now known as Dee C. Chuan Lumber Sawmill. He capitalized on his experiences by working fo r the Zambales Sawmill in Masinloc, where he rose to the position o f manager. In 1932, he came to Baguio and established the Lucban Lum ber situated in Trinidad Road which he managed successfully until the outbreak o f the war. In Baguio, he was always identified with civic and social undertak
ings and made a name io r him and for his children as a useful citizen. During the occupation, he was sent to concentra tion camp in Manila for suspicion as anti-Japanese and for soliciting contri butions from Chinese associations for the underground movement in the Mountain Province. He had six children by his first w ife and 3 children by his sccond wife, a Filipina. His older children who are in Ba guio are engaged in business while the younger ones are still studying. Mr. Yu is furthermore remembered as an alumnus o f the Anglo Chinese School in Manila where he completed his seconda r y education. He was one time president o f the Baguio Chinese Chamber of Com merce.
OSENCIO 0 . BUCAYCAY
Lumber & Timber Posts Concessioner He was born on July 20, 1905 in Kibungan, Benguet Mountain Province. The son o f Bangawen and Opinan. A product o f the La Trinidad Farm School now known as M NAS, he was sent as a pensionado to the University of the Philippines, College of Forestry. Having satisfactorily com pleted the course, he was immediately designated as forest ranger under the Bureau o f Forestry in Hondagua, Caraa rines Norte. From 1928, he served as forest ranger first in Manila, then in La Union and later in Baguio until the out break o f the war. He was drafted as a reserved officer with the rank of 2nd lieutenant under Colonel Castaneda of the Phil. Constabulary and later under Colonel ing Co., and Balatoc M ining Company. He B arsett in La Union. He was one o f those is at present a lumber concessioner and im prisoned in Capas Tarlac. When he a firewood dealer. was released he went home and ventured Married to the form er Isabel F. Fanproin the lumber industry particularly in ni with whom he has seven children, he the supply o f timber posts fo r the mines is a member of the Lucban Parent Teach like Itogon Mining Co., Baguio Gold Miner Association and the Baguio Gun Club. [ 244 ]
C. KIM
Proprietor and Manager, Hotel City Lunch and Hotel Del Mar Am ong Baguios contributors to its eco nomic progress is Mr. C. Kim, proprietor & manager o f Hotel City Lunch and Hotel del Mar in Manila. Mr. Kim who has lived in the Philippines fo r forty one years is now a permanent resident of the Pines City. His story portra y s' the rise o f an automotive and radio electrician to higher business levels He came to the Philip pines in 1920. W ith an eagerness to expe rience what it was to be on his own he took an automotive and radio electrician course at the Motor Institute o f America, R.C.A. through correspondence, and ac quired his diploma in 1935. In 1934 he be came the manager of the Boston Hotel in Manila and at the same time participated actively in the intricate functioning o f the sound system in the Pox Theatre and de voted his spare time to dealing Radio sup plies. Not satisfied with this, he came to Baguio in 1935 and established the City Restaurant. In 1937, he opened another firm known a? the Pines Sales Company in Baguio, and the Star Cafe. The City Lunch which is at present a hotel-restaurant combination was temporarily closed during the occupation but was reopened after the liberation. A few years later he opened another hotel at California St., near T a ft Avenue, Manila. In Baguio civic affairs, he is often a participant so much so that his name has gained cognizance as a moral and mate rial contributor.
Mr. C. Kim He hails from Canton, China, where he was born on February 27, 1906. He is married to N g See with whom he has 6 children, one o f them is a graduate in Medicine, and another one has acquired a m asters degree in rommerce, U.S.T. Such is the storv o f Mr. C. Kim who will undoubtedlv play a dominant role as a Baguio resident-burinessman in the years to come. He is a member o f the Free M asons Fraternity, Baguio Rotary Club o f Ba guio, Baguio Chinese Chamber o f Com m erce, and Charter mem ber of the Y.M.C.A.
245 ]
Engineer VICTOR A .
DE
GUIA
Engineer de Guia is a native of Pangil, Laguna where was born on July 1, 1908, the son o f Pedro de Guia and Maria Alcantara. He obtained his elementary and se condary education from the public schools. He is a holder o f 2 degrees both obtained from the University of Santo Tomas, a B.S.C.E. degree acquired in 1933 and a B.S.E. de gree acquired in 1936. In Baguio, Engr. de Guia is easily regarded as among the first ten in its roster o f forem ost engineers. His en terprises em brace a wide field stocks, construction, real estate, insurance. His role in community development is Mr. Victor de Guia further enhanced by his positions in several key organiaacions in the city. He is president and attended the United Nations Conference has been president since 1947 of the Bain Bali, Indonesia in 1951 and he re guio-Mountain Boy Scout Council. Sim presented the Boy Scouts of the Phil ultaneously he holds several other pos:ippines at the International Scout Con tions and these are, namely, member of ference at Leichtentein in 1953 and in the National Executive Board, Boy Scouts Canada in 1955. Furthermore, he head o f the Philippines; member, Philippine ed the Delegation of Boy Scouts to the Association o f Civil Engineers, Knights World Jamboree which was held in va o f Columbus, and founder o f the Ba rious places, namely, Valley Forge, Penn guio Chess Club; vice-president, Baguio sylvania, U.S.A., in 1950; Irvine Ranch, City High School PTA; member of the Los Angeles, California, U.S.A. in 1953; Baguio Country Club. Kondersteg, Switzerland in 1953; Niaga A past president o f the Baguio Rota ra Falls, Canada in 1955. ry Club, he traveled 3 times around the He is married to the form er Virginia w orld and once in Southeast Asia. He Oteyza with whom he has 2 sons and 2., daughters.
lie
SINAI C. HAMADA
Managing Editor, Baguio Midland Courier Barrister, journalist, civic leader Atty. Hamada re* presents the vigilancia o f B aguios populace. His sustained interest in Baguio and all that it stands fo r is reflected most vividly in his editorship o f the Baguio Midland Courier. A graduate o f the State University where he obtained his Bachelor o f Laws and Bachelor o f Philosophy degrees in 1937, he shone as a student leader in his college days. He w as Editor o f the Philippine C ollegian; President, U. P. W riters Club; Editor, U. P. Literary A ppren tice; City Edi* tor, El Com mercial; President, Baguio City High School A l umni Association; Publisher-M anager o f the Baguio Visitors & Convention Bureau. He was also a past Secretary o f the Ba guio Jaycees and past President of the Baguio Lions Club. H e is a member o f the B aguio Rotary Club and the Philippine Guide & Travel Association. He is happily married to the form er Geralda Mnclinj?. Recently, he left fo r the U.S. on a State Department grant under the educational and cultural exchange prog ram. He represented the Philippines in a two-week se minar arranged fo r 21 foreign journalists at the University o f Hawaii. A fter the sem inar he took a special work-study course in journalism at the University of Indiana. This was follow ed by assignment to major American newspaper fo r the newspaper observation phase o f the tour.
BONIFACIO PANGLAO
Farmer and Businessman Born September 23, 1907 in Labayug form erly munici pal district in Pangasinan and Mt. Province now called Si son, Pangasinan. Came to Baguio in 1921 to enroll in the Mt. Province High School (N ow the Baguio City H igh) Normal course. Graduated in 1925. Was employed as Third-Class patrol man in Teachers Camp during summer vacation months while still in School. A fter graduation was appointed Principal teacher fo r Loo Farm School 1925-1926. Was also Principal teacher o f Mankayan Elementary School in 1926 but have to re Mr. B. Panglao sign due to poor health. Opened a Sari-sari store in Labayug, ilanueva. Sison, Pangasinan. Worked and became Moved to Baguio with fam ily in 1937 the No. 2 Tobacco buyer for the Go Pay Now a farm er and businessman. Co. in Pozorrubio, Pangasinan. Started Active m em ber of the Baguio Cham buying and selling gold in 1932. Was ber of Commerce, Holy Name Society in a shipper of gold to the United States Lucban and Past PTA president of the Mint Office until the outbreak o f W orld Lucban Elementary School 1949-51. A c War II. complished the fencing of the school pre Was one of the organizers and mem mises. ber of the Board of Directors of the President and General M anager o f DeAgno Placer Mining Company together Ua, Panglao & Co., Inc., Tim ber Conces with R. F. Navarro, Leopoldo Aguinaldo, sionaire & Sawmill Operator. Dr. Emilio Jacinto and Don Vicente Vi----------------o----------------
ANTONIO CALINAO
(T h e only Filipino Hardwareman in Baguio) Chosen one of of the top businessman 1952
M r Antonio Calinao It takes a lot o f courage and guts for Filipino businessmen to wrest the con trol of the retail trade from alien hands. Even with an instrument such as Natio nalization Trade Law, Filipinos have a tough struggle ahead. In Baguio, hard ware business is controlled by aliens from a to z , so close - knit in the grasp that the struggle of a lone Fili pino com petitor is recognized from all quarters as a remarkable feat in the business field. This lone Filipino hard ware proprietor is no other than An tonio Calinao o f Baguio Hardware. Born in Capiz on November 14, 1910, he is a man whose versatility knows no
bounds. As a product of the Philippine School of Arts and Trades in Manila, he first worked as a clerk in Plaza Ho tel in Zamboanga and later as a mecha nic in the Arsenal Navy Base, Cavite. One experience led to another. In 1936, he came to Baguio to work first in Cal Horr Mines and then in Antamok Min ing Co. But it was after liberation that he was snared by the business endea vor. For his debut, he engaged in junk business. With a few pesos plus his priceless knack fo r business, he started the ball rolling. A fter a year, he found himself sole proprietor of a lucrative en tity, the Baguio Hardware. Not content ed with this, he cast his lot in movie production as associate producer, first with the Bayani Production and then with the Asiatic pictures. He ventured further in the business arena by esta blishing the Canelis Recreation Center. And as a recognition of his versatility, he was selected by the Baguio Chamber of Commerece as one of the top busi nessmen of 1952. Adept in his chosen line, he repre sents the Westinghouse Inc., Philippine
M r- A n to n io Calinao w tih high go vern m en t officials, during his induction as p res M t o f th e B agu io C ham ber o f C om m erce fo r 1956_57.
t 248 ]
Tiles, Marsman Trading and Amon Trad ing. As one who recognizes the value of social competence as an asset, he has affilated him self actively to several ci vic and social organizations among which are: the Baguio Chamber o f Commerce, the Lions Club, the Y-Mens Club in which he served at one time as president. He is married to the form er Pacita Panganiban with whom he has seven child ren. He hopes to see a Baguio devoid o f alien exploitation and a shangri-la for Filipino businessmen with guts who can bravely' stand on their own. ---- iw------ o--------------
ENRIQUE FLORES
Baguio Local B usinessm an
Enrique Flores who is from Dagupan, Pangasinan is among Baguios versatile businessman of today. It was from his bussiness-minded father that he acquired the how and the what of business. He joined his father in a contract ing enterprise and for a year in 1935, he worked as road contractor for the Consolidated Mines in Zambalez. Prior to the outbreak of the last war, he was engaged in transportating lumber and timber posts to the various Baguio mines. For sometime during the occupation and immediate ly after liberation he engaged in the tranportation busi ness in Baguio and Manila. In 1947, however, he estab Mr. Enrique Florea lished a sawmill in Brower and Ferguson Roads to supplement the shortage of lumber supply. bulldozing & stone crashing contract job. He abandoned this enterprise later and His other pertinent personal data in instead started a poultry raising project clude the following: that he was born on which he managed for a few years. Seeing August 8, 1911 as the son of Urbano V. the acute demand for construction ma Flores and Arcadia Espiritu; that he is an terials he devoted his time to dealing alumnus of the La Union High School, lime, sand, and Baguio stones which is class 1930 and that he finished the fresh now known not only in Baguio but in man year in the Jose Rizal College of other parts of the country. Added to his Commerce. He was president of the Ba contracting business he has been supply guio Poultry Association in 1954. He is ing Silica to the Bocnotan cement plant. married to the former Pura Asprer.
Ben Palispis Pres. & Gen. Manager BAGUIO PRINTING & PUB. CO., INC.
The C ourier story begins ten years ago today. It is ind'ssolubly linked with that o f the publisher, the Baguio Print ing and Publishing Co., Inc. Sometime in the latter part o f 1946, thirteen men pooled their resources to form this com pany. This group raised f*8,000 to pur chase a second-hand printing press in Manila. This turned out to be poor buy as the equipment bought consisted o f one small platen press, w orn-out types and a hand-operated cutter. W ith the i nitial printing equipm ent bought, however, the dream was im pos
sible of realization. Moreover, some of the incorporators o f the company, Juan C. Orendain, Mauro Concepcion, Julian C. Reyes, Honorio Reyes, and Dominador Lacsamana had been associated with the publication of Baguios pioneer weekly, the Baguio banner, which they contin ued in circulation for sometime while having it printed in presses outside Ba guio. Subsequently, some dismantled printing equipment in Sagada Bontoc, were offer ed for sale by Eduardo Masferre. These consisted o f two platen presses, 10 x 15 and 18 x 22 in sizes, and American foun dry types which wore comparatively lit tle used. The entire equipment, acquired by S. C. Hamada, were thrown in with the company and shortly thereafter, using the big platen press the first issue of the Midland C ourier was published in four pages. Thereafter, the four C ourier pages were enlarged to tabloid propor tions. From the beginning, this journal was entirely hand-set for five years, until May, 1950, when the company bought a new linotype.
OSEO C. HAMADA
Press & Business Manager, BAGUIO PRINTING PUBLISHING CO., INC. Mr. Oseo G. Hamada, was born in Baguio 49 years ago, the son of R. Hamada and Josefa Carino. He is a product o f the public schools in the city. He finished his elementary education in the Baguio Central School and completed high school in the Mt. Province High (now the Baguio City High S ch ool). A fter graduation he became a salesman, bakery ope rator and later fisherman in Damortis. Mr. Hamada is presently the press and business manager o f the Baguio Printing & Publishing Co., Inc. publishers o f the Baguio Midland Courier, one o f the weekly newspapers Mr. Oseo C. Humada edited and published in the c'ty of Baguio. Club; PRO of the Baguio Chamber of An active civic leader, he was president Commerce and active member of the Ba o f the Lions Club of Baguio for two guio Country Club and the Filipino Prin terms (1957 to 1959). He is the V ice ters Association of the Philippines. president o f the Northern Luzon Assn. He is married to the form er Miss Vir for the Blind, Inc., treasurer of the Baginia Monroe. They have eleven children. guio-B enguet Council, Boy Scouts o f the Philippines; director of the Baguio Press
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T h e Baguio Printing Press building and the office o f the Ba guio Midland Cour. rier at Kisad Road
August, 1950, will always be a redletter day for the Baguio Midland Cou rier, for this date marked the invest ment in the press of additional capital by Mr. and Mrs. Ben Palispis. A new linotype, a second-hand flat-bed cylinder press, an automatic paper cutter and new hand-set types were bought. As a weekly, the Baguio Midland Cou rier has not missed publication since its first issue ten years ago. It has always been neat, even when it was hand-set. Its editorial policy is a matter of com mon knowledge among its readers. It
started with a circulation of 500 copies, which has grown to 4,500 copies in ten years, distributed all over the Mountain Province, in other provinces in the Phil ippines, and sent to readers in some cities in Europe and the United States. The Courier story cannot be told with out mention of the devoted men who have grown old staying awake the whole Saturday night each week to compose, print and fold this midland periodical which hits the streets of Baguio fresh each Sunday moiling, sure as day fol lows night
JULIAN C. REYES
C olleg e In stru ctor and B usinessm a n
Mr. Julian C. Reyes, college instructor, businessman, and civic leader was born in Ma?alang, Pampanga on Feb. 16. 1902, the son of Geronimo Reyes of that town and Juliana Capati of Angeles, Pampanga. Mr. Reyes who now heads the Secretarial Department of Baguio Tech is a busy man judging from the positions he has held and is now holding. Aside from his duties aa Manager of the Baguio Office of the Manila Chronicle, ho teaches at the Brent Commercial Hich School and serves as exclusive representative for the Philippines of the BeJulian C. Reyes nefic Press. Berkley-Cardy Publishing House of Chicago, 11linois, U.S.A. and as Sec. of the Baguio Federation of PTAs, the Baguio Press Chapter of the Nacionalista Party. Hav Club, the BAMARVA, the Baguio Cham ing been a forms**. Baguio Branch Ma ber of Commerce, and the Aurora Hill nager of the DMHM' and Manila Daily Mutual Welfare Association. Bulletin newspapers, he is man of varied He is an alumnus of the Philippine interests and he thus finds time among School of Commerce. He has eight child his other duties to actively participate ren by his wife the former Paz Suarez of in civic and social organizations like the Bacolor, Pampanga. [ 251 ]
CECILIO D. C1D
President, B. Chamber of Commerce Prop., Cid Educational Supply &
This is the story o f a hardworking man who reached high levels o f achieve ment as a businessman, in spite of obs tacles which are enough to discourage any man. Cecilio D. Cid was born in Bacarra, Ilocos Norte on Novem ber 7, 1894 as the son o f Bias Cid and Vicenta Do m ingo. His parents were poor and were, therefore, financially unable to send him to school. In 1914, he tackled the second grade civil service examinations. With this as his stepping-stone, he landed a governm ent jo b and continued his se condary education at the Liceo de Ma nila through self-support. W ith ambition gnawing at his vitals, he left the Philip pines in 1918 fo r Los Angeles, California and enrolled at the Southwestern Uni versity where he obtained his B. S. C. degree.
Upon his return to the Philippines in 1924, he taught in a private college for several years. In 1927, he joined Benilda S. Cid in wedlock. The following year found him supporting his brothers until they were able to get along indepen dently. A travelling salesman with Erlanger & Galinger, Inc. for ten years, he earned the managership o f the compa nys branch in Naga, Camarines in 1938. In two years time, he was transferred to Baguio to serve as branch manager of the company until the outbreak of the war in 1941. From his experiences during the war, he deduced his post-war venture a newstand which eventually became the Baguio News Agency, sole distributor of the Manila Times and a number of Phil ippine weekly magazines. This venture branched out to another the Cid Edu cational Supply, dealer in all kinds of stationary. Both ventures are successful and rank among Baguios present agen cies of service. As a family head, he may be termed as a model father and efficient provider. An active member of the Baguio Ro tary Club, he represents in Baguio the Erlanger and Gallinger, Inc., the Taylor Pacific Inc. and ex-representative o f the Northern Motors, Inc. He reorganized the BCC o f which he became president in 1959 and reelected in 1960. He aims to cooperate fully with the city governm ent in promoting tour ism trade on a year-round basis and to make the chamber a training center fo r enterprising Filipino retail businessmen. --------------o--------------
The n ew elected o f fic er s and board o f directors o f the Ba guio Cham ber of C om m erce fo r the yea r 1960-1961.
Am ong the most capable and versatile law practitioners o f Baguio and Mountain Province is Atty. M arcelino B. Hidal go, Jr. who is accredited with m ore than 20 years o f service in the field o f law. He hails from Munoz, Nueva E cija where he was born on March 24, 1913 the son o f Marcelino Hidalgo, Sr. and Eduvijes Buenaventura of the said province. A product o f the pu blic schools in Cabanatuan, Nueva Ecija, he obtained his Ba chelor o f Laws Degree from the University o f the Philippines in 1939. He passed the Bar thereafter and im mediately launched o f career of service outstanding details of which are the follow in g: lorm er ch ief Intelligence and Juage A dvocate, Northern Luzon Zone, Philippine Constabulary; W artime gueAtty. M. Hidalgo rilla fighter: decorated fo r gallantrv in action for liberating A llied Nations Prisoners o f War at Cabayers League fo r 1960-61, a position in natuan W ar Prisoners Camp; and pracwhich he has been elected twice. H e is ticing attorney. marired to the form er Virginia A lvarillo Atty. Hidalgo is the vice-president o f Dagupan City with whom he has 6 c h ild ren. - the Baguio and Mountain Province Law-
Police Commisisoner
Benguet Consolidated, Inc. ploymeni. His first job was as a janitor but not for long, because he became a clerk-stenographer. His pleasing person ality nd ability to get along with the lo cal residents, were very remunerative. As private secretary to three American resi-
Me. F. A. PARAAN
(Continued, fr o m
page 99
their sworm duties and not to seek un due promotion to the detriment of their other brothers-in-arms. Capt. Banania left this City on Dec;. 21, 1945 and again Mr. Highsmith was made A cting Chief o f Po lice. He was such until September 29, 1946 when Lt. Col. Segundo G. Vergara, A F P , took over. He w as the last PC Pro vincial Commander fo r Benguet and Ba guio before the Second W orld W ar. In spite o f his m ilitary experiences, he found ou t that the job was a gruelling one and stayed only up to 1948. When he left, fo r a change, a member o f the Department Capt. Morris Fianza, was appointed to t<>ke his place. He cam e to the fo rce as Asst. Chief of P olice on September 11, 1947. His ex perience as a classroom teacher and as a guerilla served him very w ell when he took over. He was Acting Chief of P olice up to 1949.
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Major Maximo Cawed, another Philip pine Constabulary officer and another son o f Mountain Province, was appointed as Chief ef Police from 1949 to 1950. He left after two years. Within his stint o f duty he did his best to run the De partment but no material improvement was made for the city administration was not in a position to help him. The fourteenth Chief of Police of the City o f Baguio from 1950 to 1953 is a form er army officer, m ajor Miguel Capistrano. He was the first Chief of Police to hold o ffice in the New City Hall. He came to the Department with high hopes to run it efficiently but his dreams peterred out When he left the Department, Capt. Pedro Z. Claravall, took over. He was appointed by the late President Quirino. In his own words, this Department, whan it was under him, was sadly undermanned, poorly equip ped and poorly paid. .
dents contact with them has been responjiir e < or his vtry bread outlook o f life, his liberality and tolerance. In 1938 he enrolled in the College o f Arts and Sciences o f the University of the Philip pines in this City, with the intention o f taking up journalism but after six months switched to business administration. The loss o f the Fourth Estate was the gain o f this City. He paid his way in College by working but this did not deter him from getting into many extra-curricular activi ties and also from becoming a college scholar. He finished his ROTC in the same school in 1940 and was com m issioned third lieutenant in the reserve force in August, 1941. He was with the ROTC Unit, CAS, UP, Baguio, as Asst. Instruc tor and when it was mobilized and dis patched to Manila at the outbreak o f the war to get into the fight he was the e x e cutive officer. The Second W orld W ar found him at Bataan, in the Death March , at the con centration camp at Camp ODonnell and in the guerrilla movement. Liberation found him with the Presidential Guard Battallion but he later joined the U.S. A rm y in 1946. His dream o f becoming a soldier which began when he became a boy scout
becam e a reality. It was a H oratio A lger story brought to life. He resigned his commission after his tou r o f enlistment an^ engaged in busi ness and later joined the YMCA as a pro fessional secretary. His schooling, dis turbed by the war, was continued when he enrolled in the Baguio Colleges where in he graduated with the degree o f Ba ch elor o f Science in Business A dm inistra
tion.
Col. Paraan typifies the dedicated pro fessional police officer. As soon as he was appointed he set himself to the task o f running this Department in the man ner in which a m odern law-enforcing agency should be administered. He was like Hercules cleaning the Augean stables in the fam ous myth. He attacked the problem s of the force unremittingly that within a short time Baguios Finest He did not en joy private life long be cause on July 18, 1954 the late President Magsaysay appointed him as Chief o f Po lice o f this City. He is married to the form er Virginia Aspillaga. The couple are both active in civic affairs w hich help ed m uch in his administration o f the De partment.
Other educationel background and experiences of Major Mandapafs are the following: a graduate of the Phil. School of Arts and Trades and a graduate of the Baguio Colleges, College of Law who passed the Bar in 1955: an army officer in 1942; a guerilla attached to the ECLGA and national athletic meets and rated as in 1943; a Filipino Ranger with the rank one of the Worlds best performers in this of 1st Lieut, and executive officer attach- event in 1940. "He is married to the fored to the 6th Rangers in 1945; a sports mer Aurelia Javier with whom he has 4 hero holder of the 400 meter low hurdles children, record of 54 seconds in several regional
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Mr. E. de los S u to a district engineer o f Marinduque from 1936 to 1937; and district engineer o f La Union from 1937 to 1946. As City Engineer o f Baguio, he embraces a vast area of ad ministration and supervis'on the tele phone, waterworks and ligh tin g system ; roads, bridges, and public buildings con struction: parks and nlavgorund improve ment: etc. And if it w ere not for his administrative abilitv and integrity, Bagti'n would not be what it is todav. This man who was publicly acclaimed when he valiantly fought fo r his rights and won, is a first-rate g olfer and sports man. He is married to thp form er Clara McCann, daughter o f the late Arthur E. McCann a pioneer o f Baguio.
SIXTO A. DOMONDON
City Attorney, Baguio City Atty. D om ondons appointment as city attorney is w elldeserved. He holds the distinction of having maintained his position in spite of political differences and change of hands in the administration. Atty. Domondon was born on March 24, 1912, in Agoo, La Union. A fter finishing secondary education in La Unnion High School in 1937 for three years, he enrolled in the University of the Philippines where he took his A.A. He graduated in Law from the University of Manila. From 1946-1948, Atty Domondon first served the City of Baguio as Councilor, and later on as City Attorney of Baguio, a position which he still holds. He is an instructor of Civil Law in Baguio Colleges. Attorney Domondon is married to the form er Tomasa Diaz.
Atty. S. Domondon
Mr. D om ingo P. Cabali, as City Treasurer o f Baguio is holding one o f the most difficult positions in the city goverament or any government fo r that matter. Inspite of the stu pendous responsibilities, however, Mr. Cabali is without doubt m ore than equal to the jo b because o f educational qualifi cations, experience, and personal qualities. A first grade ci vil service eligible, he holds the distinction o f having served the governm ent from June 9, 1924 to date in various capaci ties and places in the Philippines from Pangasinan, Zambales, Camarines Norte, Batanes to Baguio. Prior to his appoint ment as Treasurer o f Baguio on June 8, 1953, he was the pro vincial treasurer o f Pangasinan. Mr. D. Cabale City Treasurer Cabali is from San where he was b o m on August 24, 1902. Carlos, Pangasinan A graduate o f th
GENEROSO A. BUENDIA
Judge of the Municipal Court Judging from his record and conduct Judge G. Buenffl dia may rightly be called an exemplary official under the ^ jg S g H H pay roll of Juan de la Cruz. flT * * * * Judge Buendia was born in Malolos, Bulacan, on Dec% JB B em ber 17, 1911. He obtained his primary, elementary and high school education at the Ateneo de Manila, and then K jJ m BK went to the University of the Philippines where he got his A .A . in 1933. He transferred to the University of Ma^ -Siqu& j& jm nila, and in 1937, he graduated from law and passed the bar in the same year. He acquired a broad experience in various positions he occupied since 1935, when he was SecG. A. Buendia retarv of Congressman N. Buendia. He o f the Peace ot tne towns ot Bulacan. b i herd this jo b until 1939. Then up to 1941, gaa, Guiguinto, Bocaue, Maril.io, Santa he was an Attorney in the Department of Mar? a and San Jose, Province of BulaJustir.e. From 1943-1945, he was Justice can.
A native o f Lingayen, Pangasinan where he was born on February 28, 1911, the son o f Celestino Torio and Maria de la Cruz, ou r City Auditor is a product o f the public schools. He distinguished himself in the Pangasinan Academ ic High School where he garnered high scholastic honors. Immed iately after his graduation, he was employed as a clerk o f Pangasinan province. He transferred to the O ffice of the Provincial Auditor. He was prom oted to be Assistant Provincial Auditor o f Bontoc in 1953. He becam e Assistant City A uditor o f Baguio City three year- later. In 1958, he was again prom oted, this time to Auditor with assignment in Dagupan City. From Dagupan, he came to Baguio as Auditor. He is married to the form er Margarita Simo-Cruz and is an active m em ber of Masonic L odge No- 56.
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FRANCISCO D. PANAJON
City Assessor
Francisco D. Panajon began serving the government as a classroom teacher in the division o f Zambales. But it was in 1936 when his services with the governm ent in the city o f Baguio began, and it was then that he joined the City Engine ers O ffice the clerical section, maintenance and construc tion. From this position he was appointed Deputy Chief Assessor after liberation. His worth as a public officia l was given due recognition when he was finally promoted to the Atty. F. Panajon post o f City Assessor. graduate in the College o f Business Ad Panajon hails from Jaen, Nueva E cija ministration, Baguio Tech College. He was where he was born on October 10, 1910. President o f the Baguio Y Mens Club, exHis educational qualifications include a President o f the Baguio Tech Studentsecondary diploma from the Nueva Ecija Council, and an active member o f the Na provincial high school, a three-year study tional Association o f Assessing O fficers in at the National University, College o f the United States, and Canada. Education from 1927 to 1929 and is a 1954
DIONISIO C. CLARIDAD
Assistant City Attorney He was born in sulvec, Narvacan, ilocos &ur, tne son of Saturnino Claridad and Eusebia Cablay. A fter com plet ing his high school education at the Ilocano Academ y in Narvacan, Ilocos Sur in 1934 he enrolled at the University of Manila where he obtained his A.A. degree in 1936 and his LL.B. in 1940. He started his career as a practicing attorney o f the firm Buendia, Claridad & Buendia from 1940 up to liberation. In 1945 he was appointed Public Defender o f Baguio and Mt. Province until 1947. Appoint ed assistant city attorney, (special counsel) from city 1947 todate. A member o f the Jaycee in which he becam e President for 1959 and Convention chairman o f the Jaycee National convention in October 1959.
Atty. D. C. Claridad
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VICENTE TAGLE
Regional Director, Regional Dist. No. 1 Bureau of Internal Revenue, Baguio A w ell polished gentleman, . . . . al ways at ease with any group o f people, be they of the higher strata o f society, or o f the lowest class o f the common mass, he chose a pursuit which gives the most satisfaction to himself and to his countrymen the governm ent service. He began his services in the Bureau o f Internal Revenue as a mere clerk and teller way back in 1926. One year in the jo b was enough for the BIR bosses to be convinced that he was worth m ore than a mere menial job , and his prom otion to agent was the answer. By this time, he was already studying law in the University of the Philippines and his prom otion to law clerk in 1934 was an unquestionably deserving reward fo r his efficient record. Receiving another prom otion in 1937, that o f Provincial Re venue O fficer with station in Tayabas later in Cebu, he easily passed the step ping test and again received another
promotion as Supervising Agent on July 1, 1940. He was appointed Chief o f the Intel ligence Division and acting chief of the Field Collection Division and Adminis trative Division from 1951 to 1956. At the start o f the decentralization move in the BIR, Aity. Tagle was among those picked out to head a region, and was assigned to handle the Northern Luzon Regional District in January, 1956, with offices at Dagupan City. When the country was re-divided into ten ( 10) re gional districts, he was retained in his region, only changing his station town to Baguio City. It may be worthwhile mentioning that he was commended by Commissioner Jose Aranas fo r his vigo rous efforts with respect to assessment and collection of internal revenue taxes in his region. Region I registered the biggest increase in assessments during the period of Jan. thru March, 1959 as compared with all the other regions. He is a member of different civic clubs like the Lions Club in Pampanga, the Masonic Philippines and FOA Fel lows Association, Manila. He was born in the town o f Guagua, Pampanga, the son o f Vicente P. de Ta gle and Engracia Mangiliman. Mr. Tagle attended the Guagua Primary School and the Mabini Intermediate School. He con tinued his studies at the Manila N orth High School and pursued his law career at the University o f the Philippines, graduating in 1931. He is happily married to the form er Micaela Nolasco o f Tondo, Manila, by whom he has several children.
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land investigation work which brought him to several places in the country with in a period o f 10 years. H e fir s t came to Baguio in 1932 as administrative o f ficer o f the district o ffice in this citv up to 1937. Five years later ne w as sent back to the College o f Forestry, U.P., Laguna, as a Belo boy , obtaining the degree o f Bachelor of Science in Forestry in 1939. He was then designated district forestres o f Lucena, Tayabas (n ow Q uezon). Quidilla returned to Baguio in 1957 to continue the work he has started 20 years earlier, this time under broader responsi bilities as D istrict and City Forester. Quidilla was born on October 24, 1896, in San N arciso, Zambales. His parents, Dionisio Quidilla and Monica Labrador are now both dead. He is happily married to the form er Loreto Tongson o f Luna, La Union with whom he has tw o chil dren, 27 now married and Monina, 21, still single.
While abroad, he observed f o r e s t r y trends in Europe and the United States. He was awarded a certificate by the Bu reau of Forestry dur ing its Golden Jubillee for his 28 years of faithful services to the government from (1022.1050) inclusive.
E m p lo yee s o f th e Bureau o f F orestry. Sitting in the m id . dile in the first row is District F o rester R . Y. Quidilla.
*
Mr. PEDRO C. CORPUZ
Manager BAGUIO NARIC AGENCY A t this time when g ra ft and corrup tion is a common phenomenon among governm ent corporations in spite o f com mendable efforts on the part o f the ad m inistration to overcome the staggering obstacles it is quite rare to fin d a gov ernm ent official who possesses the com bined attributes o f honesty and efficien cy. The Naric board of directors in Ma nila recently took officia l cognizance of the honesty and efficien cy o f Pedro C. Corpuz, manager o f the Baguio Naric A gen cy in the handling o f government funds. Mr. Corpuz experience and super vision o f the Baguio A gency particularly its fu n ds was described as rare among the m ore than 50 agencies o f the Naric throughout the country. No less than Gen eral Ramon Enriquez, |director |sent a congratulatory m essage to Mr. Corpuz
and urged him to keep the good work that will, in a great measure, help restore the faith o f the people in the govern ment. It is not strange, therefore, in view o f these circumstances that Mr. Corpuz commands no less than the res pect and esteem o f the poor as well as the rich. Mr. Corpuz hails from Aliaga, Nueva E cija where he was born in December, 1920; the son o f Nicanor P. Corpuz, a pharmacist, and Concordia Calderon, a prominent resident and teacher o f the province. He finished the elementary grades in his home town and the second ary education at Nueva E cija High School. Instead o f pursuing a college ed ucation he made an early start in the field o f experience. These ih a nutshell cover his various experiences: P.C.A.U. clerk in Aliaga in 1946; checker-classifier in the N aric main office, Manila; head checker in the same o ffice until 1950; assistant warehouseman from 1951 to 1954; manager o f the Baguio Naric A gency todate. It is apparent that he rose to his present position through me rit and hardwork which, needless to mention, makes his achievement a feat that is worthy o f emulation. He is married to the form er Asuncion R. Calderon with whom he has three children. Through the Baguio N aric A g ency he is? t serving Baguio residents es pecially theM ow-income group by acting as a stabilizer o f prices of rice during the rainy season and times o f scarcity. His favorite motto is no other than HoN E S T Y IS TH E B E ST PO LICY.
W H E R E A S , in an au d it rep ort o f the N A R IC A u d itin g O f fice, M r. P e d r o C. C orp u z, In ch arge o f th e B a g u io A g e n cy , h ad been fo u n d sh ort o f h is cash a ccou n ta b ility in th e am ou n t o f on ly P 3.80, w h ich h e h a d alrea dy reim b u rsed , ou t o f a tota l fu n d h a n d le d in th e a m ou n t o f F 2 ,051,940.68 fo r th e p e rio d fr o m M a rch 11, 1956 to F e b r u a r y 23, 1959, o r alm ost th ree y e a rs; W H E R E A S , a case lik e th is is qu ite rare; R E S O L V E D T H E R E F O R E , T h at the b o a rd h e r e b y com m en ds M r. C o r p u z fo r h is d e v o tio n to du ty and the ca re he h as e x e rted to p r o te c t th e in terest o f the C orp ora tion .
PEDRO E. MENESES
Superintendent, Luzon Bus Line
A Manilefio born on February 5, ISOS A* the son of the late Gaudencio Meneses and Petra. Enriquez, he is a product joint ly of Bonifacio Elem. School, Mabini In termediate School, Manila North High School, and the Far Eastern College. From the San Sebastian College of Law, he obtained a Bachelor of Laws degree In 1953. His service record includes the following positions held in the government service: May 24, 1920 to September 30, 1922 as a messenger, Accounting Dept, MRRCO.; October 1, 1922 to Dec. 31, 1926 as clerk, Trafic Audit Audit Deptt MRRCO; Jan. 1, 1927 to Dec. 31, 1928 as Abstract Clerk, Accounting Dept, MRR; Jan. 1, 1928 to Oct. 31, 1929 as Fregiht Re visor, MRR; Nov. 1, 1937 to Dec. 31, 1941 as Dist. Auditor with assignment in the Benguet Auto Line, Baguio City; April, 1945 to August 15, 1945 as Accountant and
Investigator, PCAU-7, Baguio City under the U.S. Army; August 15, 1945 to Nov. 30, 1945 as Chief of Division, Emergency Con trol Administration, Baguio; Jan. 2, 1948 to June 1, 1949 as Dist. Auditor In-Charge, Accounting Dept, MRR; July 1, 1949 to Oct. 16, 1956 as Chief, Field Audit Divi sion, Auditing Dept, MRR; Oct. 17, 1956 to Jan. 31, 1957' as Assistant Superinten dent, BAL, Baguio City, and eventually as Supt. of the BAL, until he was transferred to the Luzon Bus Line as Supt. He is married to the former Ambrosia de la Cruz with whom he has 11 children, 3 of whom are already married.
assistant manager and later on as acting m anager. But when the position o f man ager o f the Pines Hotel became vacant, Atty. Mendoza was appointed fo r the top executive job, which is a reward fo r his efficien cy in the service and for his loyal ty to the Manila Hotel, which operates the Pines Hotel. A tty. Mendoza was born in Dagupan City on January 8, 1915, and m arried to Encarnacion Eugenio with whom he has fou r children.
Mr. Santiago hails from Agno, i'angasinan where he was born on November 26, 1925; the son o f Felix Santiago and Tomasa Tolentino. His educat'onal attain ment in a utshell is composed o f the fol lowing: elementary grades Agno Elem. School 1932-1939; high school Western Pangasinan Lyceum, Bani, Pangasinan 1940-1946; Bachelor o f Science in A gri culture University of the Philippines College o f Agriculture, 1946-1950; Coffee Technology Institute Inter-Americano de Ciencias Agricolas, Turrialba, Costa Rica (as an ICA-NEC Fellow to Hawaii and Central Am erica on C offee Culture and Processing, 1955-1956). He rose to his present position as A gro nomist III and Acting O fficer In-Charge o f the Baguio Experiment Station through hard w ork and merit. His service record reveals this fa ct: June 10. 1951 Vocatio nal Teacher. Agno High School; Oct. 4, 1954 Assistant Agronomist, Bureau o f Plant Industry; Jan. 1, 1956 Horticultu rist, Bureau o f Plant Industry; Jan. 16, 1957 Agronom ist I. same bureau; August 4, 1958 Agronom ist III. same bureau. He is married to Josefina E. Santiago. He was a mem ber of the follow ing or ganizations: Food Supply Committee, Boy Scouts W orld Jamboree; U.P. Upsilon Sig ma Phi; and M.M.S. Fraternity. His plans fo r the Experiment Station include: in tensifying research both in quality and quantity; intensifying seed and plant pro duction fo r distribution; and im proving public relation as a tool fo r greater ser vice to the public.
Aw arding o f C erti fica te to M r. Jaime T . Santiago at the Institute In te r -A m e . ricano de Ciencias A g ricu los at Turralba, Costa Rica (as an I C A -N E C ) F e l low on C o ffe e Cul tu re and Processing in June 1956.
E m
for
[ 264 j
HILARIO S. CORPUZ
Dist. Mining Officer for Northern Luzon The government through the Bureau of Mines is utilizing the best possible technical assistance to achieve the ut most in the undertaking. In this set-up is a man of no mean calibre who is now holding the position o f District Mining O fficer fo r Northern Luzon. He is no other than Mr. Hilario S. Corpuz who possesses all the worthy qualifications and qualities expected o f a good admi nistrator. A native o f Laoag, Ilocos Norte, he was born on January 14, 1903; the son of Bruno Corpuz and Cecilia Sahagun. A product o f Laoag High School, he ob tained a pensionadoship in Surveying from the Bureau of Lands, Manila. A f ter completing the course, he joined the Bureau o f Lands, Manila as a Junior Surveyor. His qualifications were further enhanced by civil service eligibility. He thus rose to the position o f Senior Sur veyor in the said Bureau while simulta neously acting as Chief o f Survey Par ties and D istrict Land O fficer in Min danao until 1936. However, he switched to private surveying in Manila fo r some time, When he passed the civil service ex amination fo r mining surveyor, he joined the Bureau o f Mines from 1937 to the outbreak o f the war. During the occupa-
Hilario S. Corpuz
tion up to liberation time he was with the Irrigation Department o f the Bureau o f Public W orks, Manila. A fte r liberation to the present time, he is actively iden tified with the Bureau o f Mines. F irst, he served as D istrict M ining O fficer fo r the Bicol Region w;,th -headquarters at Daet, Camarines Norte. Then in the same capacity he was transferred to Min danao and Sulu with headquarters at Surigao. Finally, he reached his present position as D istrict M ining O fficer fo r Northern Luzon with headquarters at Baguio. He is m arried to the form er Lourdes Acuna with whom he has 4 sons and 2 daughters. He is an active member o f the Philippine Government Employees Association.
Mr. Felino Dicciun Quinto who hails from Sto. Domingo, Nueva Ecija is serving the people of Baguio in the capacity of Livestock Inspector and Administrative Assistant of the Regional Veterinary Office of the Bureau of Animal In dustry in the city. As such, he is entrusted with various duties from vaccinating animals against diseases, treating sick animals, helping people solve their livestock and poul try problems to assisting the Regional Director in compiling reports from the different provinces in the region.
Mr. Quinto holds the title of Associate in Agriculture which he obtained in 1949 from the He was bom on August 22, 1923, the Central Luzon Agricultural College. He son of Gregorio Quinto and Andrea Dicserved in various capacities in the gov- cion. He is married to the former Araernment service first as a teacher of paro Limos with whom he has 3 sons and vocational subjects in the Burgos High a daughter. He is vice-chairman of the School in Pangasinan then as a Live- Baguio-Mt. DANREA for 1960-61 and a stock Inspector of the B.A. Industry in member of the Catholic Council in PacPangasinan. dal.
[ 265 ]
Feim o D. Quinto
Chief of Surgery, Baguio General Hospital Baguios forward-looking health program is inconceivable without the help o f doctors. Progress is as fast or as slow as the development of medical science. In Baguio doctors are here for a practical purpose no doubt and one of the most indefatigable is Dr. H ector T. Lopez, Chief of Surgery in the Baguio General Hospital. He first joined the Baguio General Hospital Staff as a M edical officer from which position he rose to his pre sent designation. His experiences in Medical science were enhanced by a world tour which he undertook for 4 months with his wife, the - form er Gloria Hizon who is also a wide ly-known physician in Baguio. In the United States and D e . HECTOR T. LO PEZ 1941. During the occupation he j ' tnec Europe, he observed modern scientific the Medical Corps of the USAFFE with techniques in almost all the leading hos the rank of captain until 1946 in Min pitals. He was granted, too, an audience danao. His father who was at one time with the Pope and he joined a pilgri actively identified with the underground mage to Lourdes. He returned to Ba movement was killed by the Japanese. guio a wiser man better prepared for In Baguio, he commands respect and his intended role in the wheel of pro admiration not only because of his work gress. but also because o f his active member Born on January 6. 1918 in Cabanaship in several organizations. He is the tuan City, Nueva Ecija, the son o f C:president of the Baguio Medical Society vil Engineer Saturnino Lopez (deceased) for 1959. He is a member o f the Rotary and Mercedes Tombo, he was a product Club, and Knights o f Columbus and he o f the Ateneo de Manila where he fin is a fellow of the Philippine College of ished his secondary education in 1934 Surgeons. and his A.A. two years later. From the U niversity o f the Philippines, he obtain He has 2 sons and 2 daughters. --------------------- o-------------ed his Doctor of Medicine degree in
t 266 ]
TEOFILO V. MENDOZA
Asst. Clinical Director Notre Dame de Lourdes Hospital Came to Baguio in 1939 to work as resident physician of the N otre Dame Hospital. He was then a fresih graduate (tom tile College o f Medicine, University o f the Philippines. In spite o f adversities, he remained devoted to his post all through, the years o f the occupation to 1949. Needless to say, it was a promotion well merited when he was finally designated as the assistant clinical director o f the hospital in which capacity he is at present serving B aguios needy. He was bom in Marikina, Rizal on Jan. 10 1915, the son o f Dr. Eugenio Mendoza and Patrocinio Villalon. A de cided chip o f the old block, young Mendoza inherited from Dr. Teofilo V. Mendoza his doctor-father -a craving to choose mezurriaga with whom he shares a grow in g dicine as his lifes career. fam ily. Actively attached to the B aguio He is married to the former A na LuMedical society, the Knights o f Columbus.
f'Jlv'T' I M , i,lll
JACINTO B. RILLERA
M arket Superintendent, Baguio C iy t M arket
He is a native o f Naguilian, La Union, and was born on June 28, 1902 as the son o f Cenon Rillera and Maxima
Baladad, (both deceased ). He finished his primary school ing at the Naguilian Elem. School but it was in Baguio where he completed his intermediate education and first high school. In Manila, at Far Eastern College, he finished the second and third levels o f his secondary education. He started serving the government as a messenger at the City Engineers Office in Baguio. W ith this as stepping stone, he rendered further services in various capa cities prior to his appointment to his pre sent position. This record consists of: Dec. 16, 1922 to Oct. 15, 1925 as clerk, Bureua of Posts, Manila; Asst. Int. Rev. clerk Treasury Office, Baguio from Oct. 16, 1925 to A pril 4, 1926; clerk in d if ferent section in the Treasury O ffice from April 5, 1926 to Feb. 29, 1944; Asst. Bookkeeper from August 16, 1945. Rein stated in the Treasury O ffice as clerk to June 30, 1947; Collector and Deputy from
Jacinto B. Rillera
Sept. 16, 1948 to March 11, 1951; Asst. C hief Deputy Assessor from March 12, 1951 to May 23, 1956; Chief Land Tax Di vision, from May 24, 1956 to March 15, 1957, Chief, Property DIV. from March 16, 1957 to May 13, 1959, Market Supt. from May 14, 1959 todate. Mr. Rillera is now married to the fo r mer Concepcion Martinez. By his first Wife, he had 2 children. Samuel an elec* trical engineer and Teresita a pharmacist.
LORETO L. ANDRADA
Supt., Dept, of Public Services Electric, Waterworks, Telephone. Sewerage and Fire Fighting
to Nov. 27, 1945; contractor from Dec. A t the head of this Department of 11, 1945 to Oct. 29, 1946; E Public Services is superintendent Loreto Mechanical Engineer, City P ublic Utili L. Andrada, one who typifies the model ties, Baguio from Oct. 30, 1946 to July public servant as can be gleaned from 22, 1947; Supt., Benguet Dev. Co. in Tri his service record which includes, name nidad from July 23, 1947 to Sept. 30, ly, the follow ing positions: Electrical and 1952; Electrical and Mechanical Engineer, Mechanical Engineer, City Public Utili Northern Electric; San Fernando, La Uties, Baguio from May 28, 1940 to Feb nion from Oct. 1, 1952 to Sept. 30, 1953; ruary 25, 1945; W ire Communication Of ficer. USAFIP, NL from Feb. 16, 1945 Electrical and Mechanical Engineer, C.P.U., Baguio from 1904 to 1955; asst. supt. ot the Dept, ot Loreto L. Andrada Public Services from Jan. 19, 1956 to June 30, 1956; super intendent of the same department from July 1, 1956 todate. Mr. Andrada hails from Bauang, La Union where he was born on August 5, 1916 the son o f G regorio Andrada and Emilia Libatique. He is a product of Baguio Central School and the Mt. Province High School, class 1934. He f ) 1 obtained his B.S.E.E. degree from the University of the Philippine. He passed and distinguished him self in several civil service examinations, namely, fifth place, M echanical z J and Plant Engineer, Aug. 25, 1951; 2rd place, Professional Electrical Engineer, Feb. 23, 1953; Senior Electrical En gineer, Oct. 11, 1953. He is married to Contancia Lachica with w hom he has eight children.
V '
[ 269 ]
In the above picture are e m lo y e e s of the Baguio Health D ept. Standing are Mr- M elq u ia d es M . Valdez and L lo yd Malicdang and sitting is M anuel Cabading.
MELQUIADES M. VALDES
C h ie f In sp ector, Baguio H ea lth D ep a rtm en t
LLOYD MALICDANjG
Accredited with more than 35 years ot service in the government, Mr. Lloyd Ma licdang is Baguios Asst. Sanitary Inspec tor since 1945 to date. Born in Bay-yo, Bontoc, Mt. Province on February 24, 1902, the son of Tangana and Diona-on, he graduated from the T. A. School in 1924 through self-support and the Baguio General Hospital, School of Nursing. Upon graduation, he served as Asst. Sanitary Inspector in Kabayan, Ben guet for a year after which he served the City of Baguio in the same capacity from 1927 to 1943. In 1944, he was induct ed into the 12th Infantry, USAFIP. He was married to the late Espirita Chumading with whom he had 4 children. He is an active member of the P.T.A. of the Baguio City High School, the Boni facio Elem. School, and the Easter School.
Mr. Melquiades M Valdes who is the Chief Inspector of the Baguio Health De partment hails from Manaoag, Pangasinan where he was born on Dec. 10, 1989, the son of Feliciano Valdez and Emiliana Ma caraeg. He began his secondary school ing in his home province whicn he com pleted in Catbalogan, Samar. In 1926, he enrolled in the School of Nursing, Univer. sity of the Philippines and he finished the course in 1929. His experience prior to bis present de signation are varied and invaluable. These are made up of the following: as a teacher under the then Bureau of Education in 1820; and as a nurse-inspector in Davao. Of noteworthy is the fact that he has ren dered his best years of service to tha people of Baguio having been the Chief Sa nitary Inspector of the Baguio Health Dept, slice 1932. His family data reveal that together with his wife the former Gliceria Salinas, he heads a big family of seven sons and a daughter, all Baguio-born.
[ 270 ]
.MANUEL CABADING
Mr. Manuel Cabading who has been de votedly in the service of the govern ment since 1927 is a native son of the Mt. Province who was born in Bugias, Benguet on June 9, 1909; the son of Pablian Cabading and Marina Ngamoy A
JUAN DOMINGO
Sanitary Inspector, Baguio H ealth D epa rtm en t
Among Baguios vanguards, Mi\ Domingo la a product of the Baguio Training School for Nurses. He has had varied experiences along Baguios health front-lines such that the Pines Citys health is among the best in the country. He is at present Sanitary Inspector of the Ba guio Health Department Bom in Besao, Bontoc on Jan. 2, 1908, he has been consistently active in his profession ever; since graduation. His service record which is easily regarded as one of the best includes the following positions which he held at one time or another: Asst, sanitary inspector, June 13, 1929 to Jna. 31, 1930 in Baguio; dist. nurse Feb. 1, 1930 to Dec. 31, 1934; hospital nurse in Antamok Goldfields- Mining Co. from Jan. 1935 to Dec. 1941; nurse, Phil. War Relief of the U.S. from May, 1946 to Feb. 1943; sanitary inspector Baguio Health Department from July 15, 1948 to the present. product of the public schools in Bugias and Kabayan, Benguet and the Mt. Province High School. He started as a municipal clerk in Kapangan, Benguet and served in various capacities later as city messenger of the Engineers Office in Baguio, as clerk in fate City Physician* Office, as chief clerk in the City Mater
Juan D om ingo
nity Ward, as Municipal clerk during the' occupation in La Trinidad Benguet, and qs, sanitary inspector and market foreman from 1946 to date. Mr. Cabading heads a big family of 3 children. He is married to the formef Josefina Soriano.
MELECIO V. BOADO
Former Asst, to the Supt
" &
Melecio V. Boado o f San Julian, Agoo, La Union, was born on December 4, 1914, the son of Teofilo C. Boado and Anastacia Verceles. He is a product o f the A goo Elem. School 1 and La Union H igh School, class 1932. He was granted a 1 Bachelor o f Laws degree by the Baguio Colleges in 1956. Judging from his service record, he completed his college edu cation simultaneously while w orking in the Benguet Auto Line 'w * * O ffice. The positions that he held in Baguio prior to his retirement are as follow s: clerk, B A L, M RR from March 16, 1934 to Jan. 31, 1938; expense statistician Feb. 1, 1938 to December, 1938; stenographer, same o ffic e , Atty. M elecio Beado from January 1, 1939 to December 31, 1941; principal clerk, Base M, Quartermaster Depot, San Ferguio. nando, La Union from March 16, 1945 Mr. Boado is married to the form er to March 6, 1946; stenographer and strFelicidad E. Boado, having the same fatistician, BAL, MRR, from March 7, 1946 milv name but no blood relations. He to June 30, 1948; chief clerk and assistant has 8 children. He served as secretary to the superintendent., same office, from o f the Parent-Teachers Association o f the July 1, 1948 until his retirement. He is New Baguio Central School from 1946 to now sm ong the law practitioners in B r1950. He passed the Bar Examination in February 1956.
[ 271 ]
T his is a portion o f
the C o ffe e planta tion o f M r. 0 . B. Soullee and M r. J. Jcard in BenguetShown in the pic ture is M r. Soullee, with M r. Icard and som e em p lo yees.
OBEN B. SOULLEE
P io n ee r C o ffe e P la n ter o f B aguio & B en gu et
Mr. Oben B. Soullee is fondly called the Pioneer Coff^fe Planter of Baguio and King of the Queen Bees because of his knowledge of the secrets of the queen bees. From his native Arkansas, U.S.A., he came to the Philippines in 1938 to work for a year on a special pollination project with the Bureau of Plant Industry. Shortly thereafter he bought land in -Tagaytay City and started simultaneously a real estate business and a coffee plantation. When World War II came, he joined the volunteers in Bataan and helped or ganized a guerilla demolition outfit. He was among those interned in Sto- Tomas Concentration Camp. After the war, he resumed a real es tate brokerage in addition to which he Rev. Father J. Hennessey
D irector M A N IL A
actively engaged in coffee planting both in Tagaytay and in Baguio. In Baguio alone he has more than 4,000 coffee trees which he maintains together with Mr. J. Icard, his business partner. To his credit is a 21-year experience in cof fee planting such that he has become an authority in this field. To him, Ben guet coffee is superior to any kind in the Philippines and he is thus helping propagate it by distributing seedlings to the natives. In 1954, he helped initiate the organ isation that is now known as the CoffeeCacao Producers Association of the Phil ippines in which he became the present president. He is married to the former Dolores Lichauco of Manila.
OBSERVATORY
Rev. James Hennessey, S.J. director of the Manila Observatory in Mt. Mirador, Baguio was the recipient of a special award' in 1959 from the Baguio Press Club for his valuable contributions to science. In Baguio, awards of this nature are seldom and it is only on rare occasions when the honor is well-deserved that the award is given. Reverend Hennessey who is from Graveland, New York, U.S.A. is a man of science. He holds several degrees, namely, A B from Woodstock College in 1932; M.A.S. in 1933 Ph. L. in 1935; S.T.L. in 1942.
POLICARPIO C. HAMADA
Farm er & Propagator o f G iant Straw berries
Baguios reputation as a tourist city is being aided tremendously by farmers and businessmen one of whom is Policarpio C. Hamada the fourth son of Reukitze Hamada and Josefa Carino of the wellknown Carino clan, Baguio pioneers. He was born in Baguio and at the early age of 14 years, he was already an adept far mer. He loves the soil so much so that he chose farming as his lifes career. With the firm belief in the vast poten tialities of the Baguio soil, he set out to produce and propagate strawberries of the giant variety and various kinds of vege tables in his farm at Camp 7 which oc
cupies approximately one 1/2 hectares. Most of his products are either being brought to Manila or sold in the Baguio Market. In recognition of his contribution to the development of farming in general and to the propagation of the variety of straw berries in particular, he was awarded a certificate by the executive committee du ring the 11th anniversary of the Philip pine Independence in the city of Baguio. He is married to the former Eufemia Elepante of Ilocos Sur with whom he has 6 children.
Dr. Francis J. Parks accredited with mushroom produc tion on a commercial scale in Baguio, was born in South Korea on March 18, 1920. A holder of a masters degree from the Oregon State College and Ph. D. degree.from the Washing' ton State College, U.S.A., he came to the Philippines as an exchange professor and taught Botany and Mycology at the University of the Philippines, Ateneo de Manila, and Araneta University. He came to Baguio in 1954 while working for the Sunnyside Experimental Station of the University of San Carlosu Later he organized a corporation which he named the La Pacita Foods, Inc., and changed the name later to Industrial Food Dr. Francis Parks Corp. To perfect mushroom propagation in earnest, he es tablished a farm at Pinsao, a ten-minute ride from Baguio At the beginning he was financially helptaken. Now, thanks to Dr. Parks, mush room cultivation and production is h^re ed by the SVD Fathers but in 1957 he to stay. With a canning department ad sought other partners to bring the ven ded to his fram, he is undoubtedly help ture into a commercial scale. It may be ing maintain a dollar-saving enterprise worthwhile mentioning that mushroom which will benefit not only Baguio but al propagation especially of the best brands so the whole Philippines as well. in the Philipines has never been success ful although many attempts were under[ 273 ]
TRANQUILINIO TEJANO
Kegional Representative, N. Luzon, Social Security System
Among Baguios very own, this product of the Baguio Colleges, College of Law has more than proved his mettle in the interests of his native City. An ardent admirer of all that stands for Baguio, Mr. Tejano is at present the Re gional Representative of the Social Security Administration in Baguio, aside from his numerous other duties and con* nections. Mr. Tejano was bom on July 29, 1919 in Bauang, La Union, the son of Nicomedes Tejano and Rosalia Rimando, He is married to the former Restituta Rillera.
Tranquilino B. Tejano
His experiences are rich and varied as may be gleaned to the Electrical Supt., Guy F. Atkinson Co., Ambuclao, Mt. Prov., 1952-1953; Branch Manager, National Life Insurance Co. and Great Pacific Life, Baguio; Re gional Representative, for Northern Luzon Social Security System, April 1958 to date;
from the following service record: clerkchecker-contractor, Benguet Consolidated Inc., 1937-1941; military service, 1945 to 1949; Chief Electrical Warehouseman, Voice of America, San Fernando, La Union, 1950-1951; Executive Secretary to
HENRY M. OROZCO
ing.
[ 274 ]
MARIANO D. SINGSON
Public Land Surveyor One o f the leading surveyors in Baguio and Benguet is Mr. Mariano D. Singson who enjoys an extensive private practice since he resigned from the Bureau o f Lands as Public Land Inspector and Surveyor. Mr. Singson hails from Lapog, Ilocos Sur where he was born on November 10, 1907. A graduate o f the Manila North High School, class 1928, he enrolled at the University o f the Philippines where he fin shed his Surveying course in 1930. Imbued with an earnest ambition to reach the higher levels o f learning, he took up law in the Manila Law College fo r three years. He served the Bureau o f Lands long and well, Singson togetner with his w ile, the for after which he turned to private survey ing. To his credit are innumerable sur mer Visitacion Maniago is likewise ac tive. He is a member of the Lions Club veys, both public and private lots and o f Bsguio, the Baguio Chamber o f Com subdivisions not only in Baguio but also merce and the Y.M.C.A. H e was one time in various parts o f the Philippines. He made good through hard work and best Secretary of the Lions Club from 1953 to 7954. Father of seven children, he of all through enviable public relations. In social as well as civic work, Mr. makes work as a hobby.
JOHNNIE M. DIMALANTA
Ex-President, Junior Chamber of Baguio (Jaycees) Among the civic-conscious boosters of Baguio and its economic development is Johnnie M. Dimalanta, businessman and civic leader. His civic work speaks for himself. He is affiliated with several civic and social organizations. These include the follow ing: one time President, Junior Chamber of B fguio (Jaycees); Past Regional Vice-President for Northern Luzon, Philippine Junior Chamber of Com merce; Senator, Junior Chamber International; Treasurer and past auditor, 'w Baguio-Benguet Council, Boy Scouts o i the Philippines; J.-M. Dimalanta Director, Baguio Chamber of Commerce: Vice-President, dustry from the city governm ent during Toastmasters Club of Baguio; Member, the 1958 Rizal Day Celebration. He ma Baguio General Hospital Advisory Board; Member, Knights of Columbus, Father nages the store that bears the fam ily Carlu Council No. 3363; and Member, B rname on Magsaysay Avenue as well as guio Rotary Club. the varied fam ily enterprises in Antp Johnnie belongs to the prominent Di mok, Benguet Consolidated, Incorporated. malanta family, recipient o f an award and commendation for business and in-
Z Ip
ERNESTO S. DATOC
Prop. & Mgr.. Datocs Handicrafts Mr. Ernesto S. Datoc, a Baguio resident of long standing, a businessman, and an avid exponent of Tourism hails from Vigan, Ilocos Sur. He completed his secon dary education at the Mountain Province High School in 1931 after which he gave vent to his business inclination by enga ging in the retail and wholesale of vege tables and curios in the mines, in Manila and in neighboring provinces. In 1941, a few months before the last war, he ma
Ernesto Datoc
naged a curio shop in Ermita, Manila. Du ring the occupation, he took a temporary respite from his business profession. Immediatley after liberation, he was one of the first to establish a curio store in Ba guio and since then is actively identified boosting the potentialities of the city as a tourist center. Mr. Datoc is a holder of a Bachelor of Science in Commerce Degree which he oh. tained from the Jose Rizal College in 1937. He is married to the former Edilberta Tanedo of Gerona, Tarlnc. with whom he has 4 sons. A former member of the Baguio Jaycees and became the treasurer of the Jose Rizal College Alumnai Association, Baguio Chapter.
DATOCS HANDICRAFTS
EXCLUSIVE PHILIPPINE HANDICRAFTS
RICARDO LICHNOCK
Prop. & M gr, Baguio Trading & Supply A Manilan who has made good and has becom e a part o f Baguios Booster Family is Mr. Eicardo F. Lichnock, Manager and Proprietor o f the Baguio Trading & Sup ply. The son o f a form er Shop Superin tendent at the Antamok Goldfields and a brother o f an engineer employed at the Twin Rivers in pre-war days, Mr. Lich nock was born in Manila on October 27, 1918. He took his early schooling at the D e La Salle College and at the Brent School from 1935-1938. During the last war, he was o f f and on business, taking up the loose ends of his connections as a representative o f the B. F. Goodrich Rubber Co. in Legaspi Ci ty. Immediately after liberation, he join ed Manny Manahan in publishing the first post-war newspaper, The Free Philippines. Later he worked with the army in clear ing the Pasig River and the Manila har bors. Still later he worked for the Luzon
R icardo T. Lichnock Stevedoring Co. from 1946-1949. Later and until 1955, he was Plant Superinten dent at the Mira Hermanos. W hen he be cam e Manager and owner o f the Baguio Trading & Supply, he moved his entire fam ily to Baguio. Married to the form er Pacita Esteva, he has three children. He is active in social and civic activities of the City.
SA LES
AND
S E R V IC E [ 277 ]
FELIPE C. DIPASUPIL President, Baguio Lions Club and Businessman Chosen as Businessman of the year 195b by the Baaui6.Press Club
Maria Calderon, old residents of Baguio City, he was born in Bauan, Batangas on February 3, 1911. He has married a se cond time, to the former Tsabelita Singson. He has a child by his first marriage and two by his second. He is the present President of the Ba guio Lions Club, and also is a member of the Baguio Chamber of Commerce and the Baguio Ys Mens Club. He is the Vice-President of the Baguio Realty Board and Treasurer of the Baguio Homeowners Association. Proofs of his civic-mindedness and high standing in the city are the awards given to him by the Baguio Press Club in recognition of his industry and inte grity; The Baguio Police Department for invaluable services rendered to make the 1955 Police Christmas Fupd a success; the Lions Club in appreciation of his lo yal and unselfish efforts in the interest of Lionism.
From humble beginnings, and through business versatility, this Baguio Booster rose from managing his family business interests to manufacturer of iron grills, respected real-estate man, and productive insurance underwriter and agent of wellknown firms. His varied and fruitful in terests covering practically all lines are positive contributing factors to the rapid progress being made by Baguio Sen of the late Timoteo Dipasupil and
Baguio L ion s Club Social M eetin g . L e ft to right M rs. K e n J orgensen, Mrs. Dick lich n eck , Gen. Oscar Rialp, Club President Felipe C. Dipasupil, M rs. R a ym on d Straszr, Mrs. Irvin Thibodeau x, and M rs. H en ry Crozco.
A businessman by profession, Mr. Jose Warren Jr. is well-known in Baguio as the manager of the Peoples Bank and Trust Co. and as proprietor of the Bargain Cen ter which is catering to people of varied interests and so cial standing. He is from Manila where he was born on May 6, 1928 to Jose D. Warren Sr. of Sampaloc, Manila and Milagros Musngi of Nueva Ecija. His educational background is an asset and this reveals that he studied in several schools of high standing namely, the Centro Escolar University, the Ateneo de Manila, the University of Sto. Tomas and the Jose Rizal College where he obtained a Bachelor of Science In Jo*e Warren Jr. Commerce degree, summa cum laude, In 1950. In 1955, he earned a well-deserved organizations like the Baguio Chamber promotion as Baguio Branch Manager of of Commerce and the Baguio Rotary the Peoples Bank and Trust Co. where Club of which he became president in he was previously employed since 1947. 1959. To enchance his public relations, he He is married to the former Gertrudes actively participates in civic and social B. Paguio with whom he has 4 children.
AMBROCIO M. PONCE
F o r m e r F ield M anager fo r the Philippines W y e t t L a b ora tory In c., Philadelphia, U .S-A .
Ambrocio M. Ponce
Mr. Ponce who is comparatively young but whose ex perience and ability count him as one of Baguios front-rank citizens is a mining engineer who graduated from Mapua Institute of Technology in 1940 and passed the board in 1941. Before the outbreak of the war he was employed at the Cal Horr Mines of the Benguet Consolidated Mining Co. After the war he became representative of the above mentioned company. Other pertinent experiences of Mr. Pon ce include the following: as Field Manager for the Philip pines of the Wyett Laboratory Inc., Philadelphia, U.S.A.; Sales Manager of the H.J. Suaco, Co. At present he is managing his own pharmacy store known as White Cross Pharmacy lo cated along Session Road.
Raberto David
___ .
Mr. Lising is being ably assisted by his wife, the former Mercedes Virtuso of Calamba, Laguna, a graduate of the U.P. Conservatory of Music who some years ago was giving piano lessons in Baguio. A corporate member of the Philippine Chamber of Industries, he was given an award by the Sales Executives of the Phi lippines in recognition of superior level in retail selling. Born in Tarlac, Tarlac on Nov. 2, 1914, the son of Jose D. Lising and Timotea Ro mero, he was for sometime chemical engineering student at the Mapua Institute o f Technology.
LISING
LITE CRAFT
F o r L am ps o f Distinction
DISPLAY: 1130 A. Mabini, Ermita Tel. 5-51-52 FACTORY: Buendia Ave., Makati Tel. 8-49-40
D om inador R. Villa
which he finished in 1953. In 1956, he jointhe Great P acific Life Insurance as under w riter. From this position he merited se veral promotions, namely; as associate supervisor and then as Provincial super visor for Northern Luzon. He served as such until Jan 1, 1960. He saw the great possibilities o f establishing a g ift shop to help sell me de-in-Baguio and Mt. Pro vince products. Thus the V illas Gift Shop was born which is now catering to many patrons and is boosting in no small measure the progress o f Baguio. Mr. Villa is married to Celerina Car reon with whom he has 2 children.
VILLAS NOVELTY SHOP SOUVENIR AND GIFT SHOP Session Road, Baguio
G E N E R A L M E R C H A N D IS E
S I F T * F O R A L L O C C A S IO N S :
A N N IV E R S A R IE S B IR T H D A Y S
W E D D IN G S S P ECIAL OCCASSIONS " b e s t q u a l it y a t R EAS O N A BLE P R IC E "
P H IL IP P IN E H A N D IC R A F TS
'
REV.
FATHER F. GEVERS*
P A T R I A DE BA G U I O
Community Service Center Home of Conventions
Cor. Post OfficeSession Road P. 0 . Box 85 Tel. 51-i
282
The Benguet Auto Line, bus subsidiary o f the MRR, operates as a connection link to places and towns not reached by rail lines. Above photo shoios station at Baguio City, famous summer capital o f the Philippines. Buses in front are for first class passengers, bodies o f which were build by Super Coach Company, a U.S.A, firm~
The Benguet Auto Line started with two Stanley automobiles in 1908 under
the Bureau of Posts. Operating only during the summer as mail carriers, the two Stanleys soon showed great benefits mostly from savings in mail transportation that more units were added and passenger Service started to be offered throughout the year. In 1909, the operation and administration of the line was taken over by the Bureau of Public Works until 1930 when the line was sold to the Manila Rail, road Company by, virtue Of law. Today, the BAL is a mainstay o f the MRR, and its name has become po pularly linked to traveling to Baguio although it serves other northern prov inces as well. In the fiscal year 1959-1960, the BAL transported 2,577,852 passengers, an increase by 296,135 passengers over the record o f the previous year. Its popu larity was enhanced as it offered more services, especailly the midnight trips between Manila and Baguio, which has become a favorite of businessmen, and the personalized door-to-door service. To cope with the demand for BAL services, the current general manager of the Manila Railroad Company, Lt. Col. Teofilo A. Zosa, ordered the purchase of ten truck units and 20 cars, the latter for the connection service of first class train passengers between Damortis, La Union and Baguio. The station premises in Baguio have also undergone intensive face-lifting in line with the beautification drive currently being undertaken by all MRR installations. Safety engineering has also been stepped up to further improve the BALs excellent safety record. BAL services are expected to become even more popular when Col. Zosas pet project is realized the establishment o f a motel for vacationists and tour ists in the Baguio terminal of the Benguet Auto Line. [ 283 ]
THE NAGUILIAN
Recognized by
Back
Cognizant of the needs of a growing republic like the Philippines, and in line with the revised educational program being launched by the administration, the Naguilian Academy has geared its curriculum towards rural development through enlightened vocational education. This school is located in the very heart of a growing agricultural community, Na guilian, La Union on a sprawling site ideally and easily accessible to every one desiring to pursue higher education. Its portals are open to all regardless of
Mr. Francisco B. Flo ra, President; Judge Paciano Rimando, Vice President; Mr. Leocadio A. Sabado, Member; Mr.
ACADEMY
the government since 1947 > Felicisimo Aberin, Mem ber; Mr. Tolomeo T. Eftepa, Member; Mr. Apolinario Rimando, Direc tor. Mr. Pablo Delizo, Re gistrar; Mr. Domingo E. Soriano, Accountant; Mr. Guillermo A. Floresca, Sec-Treasurer; Mr. Ben jamin Bigornia, Utility man.
FACULTY Mr. Felicisimo F. Aberin Mrs. Regina G. Cabildo Mr. Norberto D. Cacal Mr. A. L. Campos Mr. Tolomeo T. Estepa Miss R. E. Campos Mrs. Fe A. Mendoza Mrs. G. C. Francia Miss Dominga M. Flores Mr. B. R. Huliganga Mr Facundo S. Mendoza Mr. Arnaldo S. Patacsil Mr. Narciso T. Rillera Mr. Lydio M. Rimando Mrs. G. C. Rimorin
It is apparent that these courses wilt help each and everyone student, in more ways than one, to do his bit for the stabilization of the countrys economy. Naguilian, the second nearest town to Baguio City, is purely an agricultural town where uncultivated lands lie idle specially on the hillsides and along the river banks. Scientific agriculture, such as the one being offered by the academy, can apparently uplif'; the conditions now obtaining in the locality. It is a certainty that Naguilian can look forward to 9 bright future through vocational educa tional. It is, thus, that the academy is offering vocational education in response to the needs of these changing times.
T his academy has turned out graduates that b e came useful citizens in their own right. Added to the splendid opport u n i t i e s the school offers are special pri v ile g e s granted to enrollees and
j-
j-i.
T -.t
d isc o unts
NAGUILIAN ACADEMY
The history of the school is the story of men and vision, of industry and sac rifice. of integrity and fidelity to the cause of vouth and service to the coirmunity. It will remain a monument to the task of nation building. Consistent with the good name that it has earned for itself since its incorpo ration on January 29, 1946 has been the consequent maintenance of a fair y well good enrolment. While the number of students has increased gradually, the ou^litv of insruction has not been sac rificed. On the contrary, it has also been gradually improved to meet the expanding needs of the community and the re quirement of the modern trends of education. . . .
Me . FRANCISCO FLORA
President
[ 286 ]
Front full view of the Plaza Radio Service and Supply at Session Road
Plaza Market, then at Abanao Street ana then at Session Road, a bigger and better shop to meet the growing demands o f his customers. Through his efficient management with a fair dealing to the buving public, he feels nroud of the fact that his prompt and honest service to his customers is
always being appreciated.
Shop
T!p"aue of his hu=v schedule. he does not have any spare time for social act iv itie s , he just reads his favorite news papers and magazines; a member of thp Baguio Chamber of Commerce. He ' married to the former Feliza Bal~ cita with whom he has a son. As a radio technician he aspires to be at the top in his chosen profession.
RAD IO
SUPPLIES
Radio Tubes * Radio Spare Parts # Radio Cabinets * Battery Chargers * Tungar Bulbs * Radio and Flashlight * Batteries Electrical Devices, Appliances and Electric Bulb s * Dover Iron Wood Stoves (England) Lamp Shades
W ILLIAM G. DULNOAN
William D. Dulnoan
William G. Dulnoan, businessman and insurance agent, was born on January 18, 1916, in Kiangan, Ifugao, Mt. Prov ince. He is a product of Ifugao Acade my, a mission school and Silliman Uni. versity, Dumaguete City where he ac quired his B.S.E. in 1941 as a self-sup porting student. It was in 1941 also where he finished 2 yrs. advance in ROTC. And was com missioned 3rd lieutenant in the armv on
Mr. Dulnoan is at present connected with the Trust Insurance Agenciaa as under writer and investment counselor under the
ICP-FMF, A pose of some guerillas with Mr. Dulnoan sitting in the middle.
Mrs. F. Rimando
deep within her, there is that satisfaction in the thought that she is doing her small share in the reconstruction of Baguio and the exploitation of the natural resources of the country by the Filipinos.
A product o f the Baguio Central School, she studied for sometime in Holy Family College (High School Department). She started early in the business endeavor for as early as 1936 she was already engaged in dry goods and retail merchandizing in her hometown. Besides the Baguio Lum ber Sawmill she has other business in terests in Baguio one of which is the Vista Nite Club which is fast becoming a land mark o f wholesome recreation being pa tronized by people from all walks o f life. She was born on June 27, 1917 in Na guilian, La Union, the daughter o f Damiano Rimando and Eusebia Castro.
F ron t view o f the Vista Nite Club at Sto. Tom as tioad, which is on ly a few m inutes ride f r o in the city.
ALBERT RIALUBIN
Businessman and Manager Baguio Caltex Service Station
Albert Railubin, manager of the Baguio Caltex Service Station and proprietor of Pines Curio and Gift Shop and se veral dry goods store in the Baguio Market, came to Ba guio on December 2, 1947 with a firm intent of staying in the city in whose future he has great faith. He just ar rived from the United States then where he stayed for al most twenty years. Being a typical man of actioni he bought a lot in Baguio, built a house, settled down to business, and married the former Rufina Bobila, a public school teacher. Antioch also o f California, Mr. Rialubin is from San Vicente, Bocos Sur where he was born on June 6, 1908. He was educated at the Seminary College in Vigan, Ilocos Sur. He has two children, a boy and a girL
A lbert Rialubin
His experiences in the United States are invaluable. A t the age o f 21, he went abroad to work as a labor contractor for several noted American firms, namely, the A P. Garin-Company, Brentwood, California; Western Farm Inc., Antioch, Califom ia. and the J. Baldochi and Son. Co..
FELICIANO R. FERRER
Former President, Baguio Filipino Retailers Association, Inc.
In due recognition of his achievements in the retail business, he was chosen and deservingly elected president of the Fil. Retailers, for the year 1956-57. Mr. Feliciano R. Ferrer now owns several sari-sari stores in Baguio. Coming from a family of retailers, Mr. Ferrer, learned the secrets of retailing even while in his knee pants. For a college education he enrolled in the Mapua Tech., where he finished second year in engineering from 1934-35. He started a sari-sari store before the war with a meager capital
of PfiO.OO
JA
Ht was born on Oct. 16. 1912 in Mangatarem. PangasiF. R. Ferrer nan. Mr. Ferrer is married to the forboard member of the organization which mer Adela Ccquia, with whom he has he at one headed. At present one of his three children He is a member of the aims is to see Filipino businessmen more Baguio Chamber of Commerce, the Baprosperous than the aliens, guio Lions Club, and the Jaycee. An eic-
CORNELIO C. MEANA
(Prop., Primitivas Dress Shop)
Cornelio Meana
Mr. Comelio C. Meana came to Baguio in Nov., 1949 fresh from a 20-year sojourn to the United States where he ac quired much of his experiences while working as an elec trician in the U.S. Naval Bases in California, in Guam, and in the Marianas Islands before his return to the Philippines. He finished a Radio Technicians Course under the Engineering Defense Training Program in the U. of Wyoming. His coming to Baguio to reside and to put up the Primitivas Dress Shop, which he manages together with his wife, was indeed a lucky addition to Baguios roster of progress boosters. He hails from Naguilian, La Union where he was born on Sept. 7, 1907, the son ot Gelacio Meana and Petra Corpuz.
Born in Sto. Domingo, Ilocos Strr on Dec. 3, 1912 as the son of Graciano Jaramillo and Maura Fagela, he reach ed the portals of higher education through self-support. The reward for his sacrifices was a LL.B. degree from the UST in 1937 plus a first grade civil service eligibility. Prior to his assumption of the public defendership of Ba guio and the Mt. Province in 1946, he passed through dif with the same zeal ana solicitiousness^ ferent steps in the field of experience He is married to the former Cirenia action clerk and law clerk at the Bureau Bonuan. At present he is the legal coun of Civil Service, practicing attorney, and sel of the Lepanto Civic Welfare Union public defender of Ilocos Sur and final and Workers Union. He is also an ac ly as public defender of Baguio and Mt. tive member of ihe Knights of Colum Province. He worked with persistence to bus, Baguio Lawyers League and Baguio give a new deal to the working class. Lions Club. When he was promoted to the post He was awarded the 1956 President of District Labor Supervisor for the Quirino Memorial Medal for Civic Ser Northern Luzon, he executed his duties vice
Law Practitioner
PROTACIO H. TANGALIN
Justice of the Peace, Atok, Benguet
A product of the Mt. Province High School, class 1041, he was a veteran of World War H and thereby enjoyed edu" cational benefits after the war. He obtained a Bachelor of Laws Degree in 1953 and passed the Bar Examination in the same year. Thereafter, he practiced law and became the le* gl counsel of the BAMARBA and adviser of the Baguio Fish Vendors Ass. in which position he served until his appoint ment as Justice of the Peace in 1957 for Atok, Benguet, Atty. Tangalin was born on June 19, 1918 in Naguilian, La Union, the son of Ciriaco Tangalin and Florencia Huliganga. He is married to the former Purita Peralta with whom he has 4 children.
CARLOS S. MARTINEZ
Certified Radio Technician. Formerly with H.E. Heacock Co., Manila and Baguio
first year in agriculture at Los Banos Agriculture School, a branch of the U.P. but he did not finish the course. Instead he worked for several well known enterprises through which he gained invaluable experiences. He worked first with the American Electric Co., Ma nila from 1930 to 1931; then wiith the Vidal Radio Inc., Manila from 1931 to 1932; with the A & P Company form 1932 to 1933; with H.E. Heacock Co., Manila and Baguio from 1933 to 1941; and with the Camp John Hay Signal Section from September 1945 to Oct. 1946. After this he launched an independent venture by opening a small radio shop first at the
Mr. Carlos S. Martinez holds the dis tinction of owning and managing the one and only big Filipino controlled radio store and repair shop in Baguio, the Pla za Radio Service & Supply. And for this display of true nationalism, Baguio is not lacking in its appreciat'on in terms of a continuously growing patronage. It is a fact that for a tourist center like Baguio and any city or province for that matter, the radio is a recognized so cial asset. This enterprising young man was born in Zamboanga, Zamboanga on October 28, 1910; the son of Guillermo Martinez and Clara Sustiguer who are also prominent residents of that place. He finished the
Inside left view of the Store.
PLAZA RADIO
DEALER:
R A D IO S
Holland Philips $ American Philips * General Electric * RCA-Victor * Westinphouse * Motorola * Regal * Telefunken * Blaupunkt * Siemens * Akkord * Etc.
PH ON OG RAPH RECORDS
Decca * RCA-Victor * Columbia * Mer cury * MGM * Capitol * Villar * Dol * Lebran * Bataan * Super * Coral
Etc.
JUAN J. VILLENA
9 Contractor, Bureau of Public Highways and Gravel and Sand Contractor Experience is a great teacher and to anyone in all fields of endeavor it becomes an invaluable possession. To those who are less fortunate in terms of material wealth, the straggle to do something worthwhile becomes almost an obsession. Mr. Villen a started from nothing and con tinued struggling until he could grip success by the neck. His experiences are herein ' recounted. Born on May 16, 1913 in Mangaldan, Pangasinan; the son of Pablo Villena and Victoria Jimenez, he was orphaned at an early age. His brother supported hi n through schoo^ start a life of his own. First, he worked with the Bureau of Public Works as a helper when the government was J u im j . villena constructing the road from Rosales, Cufortunately he suffered staggering losses yapo-Manila North Road and San Manuelin this business from 1945 to 1947, due Monc:.da from 1925 to 1928. Later he to his T.P.U. old model trucks and his became a toll gate checker at Carmen, losses totalled not less than 20 thou Rosales, Pangasinan for a year and was sand pesos. In spite of unfavorable bus transferred to Dumalandan, Lingayen Fer iness reverses, he re-engaged in the ry in the same capacity from 1929 to same business in 1948 and suffered again 1930. In 1931 he went to Bamban, Tarlac a loss of about 15 thousand pesos. Then in 1949 started another trucking business where he was employed as sugarcane and this business went smoothly up to contractor for a year. Upon the comple date. There is a common saying that if tion of his contract, he worked with the at first you dont succeed, try and try Benguet Consolidated Mining Company as again. With this in mind coupled with a mere laborer to capataz from 1934 to foresight and strong determination he 1938. Within a few months he merited changed all his old model freight trucks a promotion to foreman which position to new Ford truck ones through which he executed with commendable efficiency. by dint of hard work, he slowly and The company offered him various easy steadily regained his losses. Todate as jobs but because of very low wages he contractor of the Bureau o f Public High chose to be a laborer instead earning ways and gravel and sand dealer, he is and receiving higher remuneration. Within not only contributing his share to the de this period of time he was able to save a velopment of public highways but also little to open a vegetable store in Bala to the economic progress o f the country. toc Mining Co. which lasted for a year. He is married to the former Francisca Not satisfied with this little venture he Jimenez with whom he has 3 children, shifted to farming and then the truck 2 boys 20 and 18 year old; and one girl ing business from which venture he was 15 years old. The eldest, Sergio; 2nd eld able to give invaluable aid to the gue est, Cesar and Felicita the youngest. rillas of the 66th Infantry in the Moun tain Province during the occupation. Un-
Some of the fleet of Juan J. Ville na, taken tn front of his office in Ij/cbaru
JOSE G. MEJIA
Master Electrician With over thirty five years o f experience as an electrician Mr. Mejia succeeded at at last in acquiring his certificate fo r electrical engineering on October 8, 1949. Start ing as a lineman and electrician of the Benguet Consolidated Mining Company from 1925 to 1930, he later transferred to the Meralco branch office at Dagupan in the same capacity, where in this particular line he was recalled to the Benguet Consolidated Company and served the said mining firm up to the outbreak o f the war. However turing the occupation he was compelled again to work by the Japanese as an electrician in different mines. Jose G. Mejia After liberation sensing that in this a member of the Philippine Electrical Me particular line his services are badly need chanical Engineers Association. Born on August 27, ,1909 in Mangaldan, ed due to the ravages of the war he en Pangasinan, he acquired his early school gaged in electrical contracting business in Baguio and Dagupan. By this time he ing at Mangaldan Elem. Schooll, Pangasiorganized the Dagupan Electrician Asso nan. ciation. Today Mr. Mejia has also gained He is married to the former Maura Cethe confidence of not only the building rezo with whom he has 12 children, 7 contractors but the public as well. He is daughters and five sons.
< 1
JULIO P. CRISTINO
Sweepstakes Ticket Distributor
Julio P. Cristino is determined to help uplift Baguios economic standing as a sweepstakes ticket distributor of well known Manila agents like Uy, Millar, Viray and Trgumpay. Born in Buguias, Benguet, Mt. Prov. of poor parents, he was orphaned during infancy and it was through the kindness of his relatives that he was equipped with an education possible under the circumstances. He finished his intermediate schooling partly at Kabayan Intermediate School and then at La Trinidad Farm School. Imbued with an J. P. Cristino enlightened attitude towards work, be underwent invalua ble experiences that became part and par in mis particular work. Determined to cel of a self-made man. First, he worked be independent, he resigned from his iob for two years as a utility man in Brent as a driver and managed his own P.U. School, his job being that of a guard, car instead. After the year 1937 he en gardener, and caretaker all in one. Then, gaged in a more lucrative independent he was employed as a checker at the venture a sweepstakes agency in which then Amburayan Irrigation Dam Project job he is .still in at present. Since then he was able to sell several winning tic for two years until 1924. He returned to Baguio to be employed first at the Bu kets. His office is temporarily located at the reau of Public Works and then at the Market compound near the City Drug Benguet Auto Line where he worked as a driver after having gained experience Store. [ 294 ]
VALENTINO AQUIAPAO
Public Land Surveyor and Civil Engineer
Engineer Valentino Aquiapao was born in Itogon, Ben guet on September 1, 1917 as the son of Solat Aquiapao and Mani Korades. A major portion of his education was obtained from the public schools primary, Lucban Elem. School; intermediate, Baguio Central School; high school, Mt. Province High Teachers Camp, first year, College of Engr. V- Aquiapao Forestry, Los Banos, Laguna; Geodetic engineering, Univer sity of the Philippines, College of Engineering. Upon grrduation in 1941, he served with the Bu ter 18 months, he was employed as lay reau of of Lands, Baguio as surveyor. out engineer and chief surveyor o f the After three months, he transferred to National Power Corporation and the Phithe Bureau of Public Works, Bontoc, as ippine Engineers Syndicate, Inc. at Aminstrument-man for some time up to the buklao and Binga Hydro-electric Project outbreak of the war. When peace re until the completion of these two pro turned, he went to Manila to finish his jects. course in civil engineering at the Far He established his own private prac Eastern University which he finished in tice with an office in Baguio. He is mar 1948. He was employed as building fore ried to the former Angeline Suello, with man in the Bureau of Public Works. A fwhom he has 7 children.
ANTONIO L. CORTES
2nd Assistant City Attorney, Baguio
Baguios 2nd Assistant City Attorney in the person of Aiw tonio L. Cortes is a native son of Bauang, La -Union where he was born on Nov. 8, 1909. Before joining the ranks o f Baguios defenders of justice, he served for sometime in the WAS and as Justice of the Peace in Benguet and was en* gaged in private law practice off and on since passing the Bar in 1949. He was apointed third assistant Fiscal in Baguio in July, 1957 which was followed by a promotion to bis present position as 2nd Assistant Fiscal. Atty. Cortes is the son of Tomas Cortes and -Maria LaAtty. Antonio Cortes batique. He is married to Maura A. Cortes with whom ba heads a family of 9 children. As a bar- Baguio. He is a member of the Adorfe rister, he believes tfest t o can contribute cion Nocturaa Filipina, Holy Name 8o* even only in a small way to the growth ciety, and the K. of C.
POUCARPIO O. PICARDO
A typical example of a government employee who rose through the hard way is Policarpio 0. Picardo assistant city auditor of Baguio. He was born of Ilocano parentage, Agustin Picardo and Cristina Octoviano on January 26, 1914, in Bokod, Benguet, Mt. Province. He graduated from the Mountain Province High School (Now Baguio City High School) Class 1932, and continued his studies at the Jose Rizal College, Manila, in 1933-1934, taking up a Commerce course. Due to financial difficulties he had to stop. In 1936-37, he continued his studies at the Col lege of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines, Ba guio, but due to pressure o f work in the City Auditors Office where he was employed he had to quit again. He resumed his studies at the Baguio Colleges and graduated in March, 1954 with the degree of Bachelor of Sc;ence in Commerce. He married Manuela Diaz-Picardo with whom he has 9 children, six of whom are boys. Auditor Picardo is a member o f the Baguio Colleges Junior Accountants Club and the Knights of St. Vincent, a Catholic organization.
JOSEPH M. ALABANZA
Supt., Parks & Playgrounds, Baguio City
Baguios City Architect since 1956, Mr. Alabanza is the He was born on November 6, 1929 in Baguio City. His mother is the former Emerenciana Mendoza. He obtained his early education in Baguio, topping it with a degree in ardiitecture from the Mapua Institute of Technology in 19o2. In addition to his numerous duties as City Architect and Supe rintendent of Parks & Playgrounds of Baguio, he finds time to teach at the St. Louis College. He is a member o f the Jaycees, Toastmasters Club, and Knights of Columbus. He is happily married to the former Nelly E. Alabanza, with whom he has a son and a daughter.
[ 296 ]
VENANCIO C. ANGELES
Manager, Kennon Lumber Company
The building of a city like Baguio is a cooperative task in which many are sha ring one of whom is Mr. Venancio C. Angeles, manager of the Kennon Lumber Company, a reputable firm that is render ing service to people with constructions problems. Born in Cabanatuan City on April 1, 1934, he is the son of Chua Kim Chiu, a well-known businessman of the province and Natalia C. Angeles, a Filipino. He is a product jointly of the Cabanatuan Chinese School, the San Juan de Letran College (High School Department), and Brent School. A Filipino citizen, he took over the ma nagership of the Kennon Lumber Com pany in 1958 and since then has helped tremendously in hastening the construc tion projects o f the city. He is a member o f the Baguio Lions Club. Married to the form er Zenaida Ko of Isabela, he has two children.
Office and Store of the Kennon Lum ber at Lakan.Dula Street, and the lim b er ard is located at Magsaysay Avenue, New Lucban.
Office and Store of the Kennon Lum ber at Lakan.Dula Street, and the lumber ird is located at Magsaysay Avenue, New Lucban.
ROBERTO ESPIRITU
Public Land Surveyor
Like father, like son; Roberto B. Espiritu is an engi neer like his father. In his fathers construction firm, he made an early start in the field of experience. During his high school days, he worked as transitman and later while he was in college, he worked as supervising foreman in file construction of several buildings in Baguio like the Mi rador Observatory, the Recollect Convent, the Little Flo wer Novitiate, and others. Young Engineer Espiritu is from Imus, Cavite where he was born on April 20, 1929; the son of Engineer Arsenio Espiritu and Belen Bautista. An alumnus of Imus Institute, he hold an Associate in Sur as instructor in the College of Engineer veying Degree from the State Univer ing for two years. sity and a B.S.C.E. degree from the Baguio Colleges which he obtained in He has 3 children by his wife, the for 1954. In the same institution, he served mer Jovita S. Varias.
NAMARCO Distributor One of the few humble local Filipino businessman who has a rich background in business retailing, he came to Baguio as early as 1935. He is now one of the exponents of the Filipino First Policy. He si also the Secretary of the Baguio Chamber of Commerce and the Baguio Market Vendors Association.
Fruit Grower Supply Co., then at a Lum Reverend Soriano who is widely known ber Company in Reno, Nevada. A fter a in the Mountain Province as a preacher year he gave up the job to join an or of the Assembly of God was born on chestra band also in Nevada for a few July 2, 1907 in Villasis, Pangasinan, the months. Then in 1933, he became a Pen son of Maximo Soriano and Brigida Bau tecostal believer in the Lord Jesus Christ. tista. He completed the elementary grades In 1935 he was licensed to preach. Ikin his home town and finished the first was as such that he went to the Hawaiian year at Pangasinan High School after Islands in 1935 with Reverend Hermogewhich he went to California, U.S.A. in nes Abrencia where he preached the Gos1926. He was employed for 3 years at pel of Jesus Christ. In 1937, he returned to the Philippines to continue his noble work for God. He went to Baguio in July, 1941 and studied the Bible in Bethel Bible Insti tute. During the occupation, he was appointed to take the pastorate of Bethel Chapel in Baguio. He also aided Mrs. Elva Vanderbout in bringing the Word of God to the various tribes of the Mountain Province He became the pastor of the Assembly of Church in T i ding, Itogon in 1948.
MAURO M. LEONEN
Manager, Baguio Branch, Malayan Insurance Co., Inc.
The proximity of La Union to Baguio is a natural attraction for many of its illus trious sons to go up the Pines City and seek their fortunes there. Thus, Mr. Mauro M. Leonen became one of these when he assumed the managership of the Ba guio Branch o f the Malayan Insurance Co.,
Inc.
A native of Bangar, La Union, from whence he saw the first light of day on February 25, 1932, the son of Macario M. Leonen and Apolonia V. Monis, he attend ed the Bangar Central Elementary School and the St. Christopher Academy in Ban gar. From there, he went on to the Uni versity of Sto. Tomas for his liberal arts course, graduating in 1957 with the law yers toga and cap. He passed the bar the same year. Almost immdeiately, he became a mem ber of the law offices of Oben & Gregorio,
Atty. M. M Leonen well-known local barristers. He was for a time senior insurance adjuster o f the Henry Bayne Adjustment Co. (1958-59). In 1959, he was elected councilor in Bangar, La Union. He is a member of the Dagupan Jaycees, Baguio City Lawyers League, and the La Union Civic League, aside from being a Vice-President of the St. .Christopher Academy Alumni Asscw eiation.
M alayan Insurance
C O M P AN Y
Main Office:
INCORPORATED
B ag ui o Branch:
Teofefix
Rd.
A ity. Mauro M. Leo.. nen , Branch Man ager of the Malayan Insurance Co-, Inc. In Baguio, deliver ing a check to one of the claimants, a victim of the con flagration in Baguio on January 6, 1960. The Malayan Insur ance paid for claims arising from this fire a total of no less than EIGHTY FOUR THOUSAND
(P84,000.00).
Progress be it economic, social, cul tural, or educational in any country is as fast as its citizens make it. Baguio for example was not built overnight, ins tead it was built slowly but steadily by men and women who unselfishly did and are doing their humble bit for a better and more progressive Baguio. Mrs. Beatriz Tumbaga Duculan came to Baguio, at a time when help no matter how lit tle was a dire necessity. She established the Baguio Fashion Academy in the ear ly part of 1914 in Session Road with a minimum capital and a maximum of fortitude and desire to be useful. Since then until .the present, this enterprise of a combined dress shop and fashion school has turned out graduates of no mean calibre who as fashion instructors and dressmakers are now contributing in a great degree to the development of Baguio. Thanks to the ingenuity and initiative of a woman, Mrs. Duculan, a product of the school of experiences. She was born on May 4, 1916 in San Fernando, La Union; the daughter of Vidal Tumbaga and Juliana Flores. A
product of the Paringao Int. School and San Fernando High School, La Union, ehe enhanced her professional growth by completing a course by correspond ence at the Womens Institute of Arts and Science, Scranton, Pennsylvania while managing a dress Shop at the Cal Hor Mines. The Baguio Fashion Academy, consi dered one of the leading private insti tutions of learning in beauty culture, dressmaking and master tailoring for men ewes its success to no other than Mrs. Duculan, founder and directress of the said fashion school. Married to Mr. Mariano Duculan, an associate in electrical engineering with whom she has 6 children. -------------o-------------
Shown in these pictures are some students of the Baguio Fasli'on Academy learning practical and easy methods in dressmaking and hair science.
ASUNCION TACTAY WI
(Lady Dentist)
Among the prominent lady practitioners in Baguio is Dr. Asuncion Tactay Wi who joined the citys professionals in 1953. Since graduation from the Philippine Dental Col lege in 1951, she has devoted a lions share of her time to the practice of her profession. She finished her secondary education in Urdaneta, Pangasinan although she began it in the Rosario Academy of Vigan, Ilocos Sur. Other pertinent data in Dr. W is thumbnail sketch in clude the following: That she was born in Sto. Domingo, Ilocos Sur on August 15, 1925 to Zacarias Tactay and Cristeta Bugarin; that she is married to Wilfredo A. Wi who is at present Assistant Registrar and Inssons and a daughter; and that sbe is a tructor in Baguio Tech; that she has 3 member of the Philippine Dental Associa tion and the Baguio Dental Association.
I'erent parts of the Philippines as a bus inessman. He stayed in Tarlac for five years,' 3 years in Dagupan City and then came to the Pines City in 1936. In Ba guio, he first worked with the City Lunch and then with Dainty & Mabuhay Res taurants. He later established an enter prise o f his own, along Session Road. A fter liberation he temporarily stayed in San Fiernando, La Union where he open ed another lucrative entity, the Elite Grill. Mr. Lam Far who is now perman ently residing in Baguio, is a member of the following organizations: Board of Directors, Chinese Chamber of Commerce, Baguio Chinese Bakery & Restaurants Association and Baguio Chinese Patriotic SchooL
GO CHIN
Prop. & Mgr., Star Cafe A resident and businessman o f -Baguio for more than 25 years is Mr. Go Chin, manager and owner of the Star Cafe and President of the Chinese Chamber of Commerce. He was born in Macao China on June 5, 1915; the son of Go Yok Kui and Chay See. He finished his high school educa* tion at the Chinese Patriotic School, Ma* nila in 1928. Previous to his coming to Baguio he was engaged in the restau rant business in Fort McKinley, Rizal from 1926 to 1932 and from 1932 to 1934 he was emploved in the Boston Hotel, Manila. In 1935 he established the City Lunch, in Baguio, but after a year left it in place o f working as assistant ma nager o f the Pines Sales Co. In 1941, he opened the Star Cafe wlrch was unfort unately damaged during the liberation o f Baguio. Mr. Go Chin reestablished the Star Ca fe after the war. He enjoys the confid ence o f all his friends and patrons. He is a member o f the Lions club of Baguio and member o f the board o f advisers to the mayor.
r 303 ]
ALEXANDER H. BRILLANTES
President. Mt. Prov. Credit Union Chapter
TUa practicing lawyer certified public accountant and exponent o f credit unions in Mountain Province demonstrates
his exemplary abilities through the positions he has held at one time or another and his membership in several profes sional and social organizations, namely, Vice-Pfes., Philippine Institute of Accountants, Baguio-Mt. Prov. Chapter; member, Baguio Lawyers League; Board Member, Phil. National Co operative Bank; President, Baguio Teachers Coop. Credit Union; Pres., Mt. Province Credit Union Chapter; Organizer and Adviser, of six credit unions in the Mt. Province; Exe cutive Secretary, Catholic Action o f the Mt. Prov.; Executive Secretary, Patria de Baguio; Adviser to labor unions and con sumer stores; Adviser, Baguio Market Vendors Ass.; Past FiAtty. A. Brillantes nancial Sec., Knights of Columbus, Baguio Council; Past-ViceHe is married to the form er Francisca Pres., Baguio Curia, Legion of Mary; Fa R. Bello of Bangar, La Union with whom culty member, Saint Louis College; PhiL he has three children. Representative to the First Asian Seminar on Workers Education; Phil. Representa A holder o f the degrees of Bachelor >of tive o f the Voluntary Cooperative Move Science in Business Administration and ment to the Inter-Regional Seminar on Bachelor of Laws which he obtained Cooperation under the ILO & FAO & Da through self support in 1951 from the Ba nish Coop. Central Committee, in Den guio Colleges, he hurdled the CPA exa mark and Switzerland in 1959; Trainee of minations in June, 1950 and the bar in the Credit Unino National Ass. (CUNA) in August, 1951. the United States in 1959; Delegate o f the He was born on May 3, 1923 in Tayum, Mt. Province to the First Day Institute o f Abra to Teodoro J. Brillantes and Sabina Social Action. TerenaL
Inauguration and Induction o f t h e First Board of D i rectors of the PhiL ippine Cooperative Credit Union Lea gue and celebration of the International Credit Union Day with Atty. A lex h . Brillantes, president as inducing officer. Shown in the mid dle is Mr. J u l i u s Stone, President of the Credit Union National Ass. < CUNA) International. This occasion was held at the Philip pine C o l u m b i an Club, Manila on Oct.
16, 1960.
Credit
Union
Chapter
Board MemDers ................... Mr. Miguel Banda Mr. Pablo Gotuc __ _. _ Mr. Jose Armas Dir. of Edu. Services ...... Mr. Alberto CrisplUo Mr. Paulino Gatchalian Press Relations Officer ...... Mr. Gene Navarro Supply and Secretariat Audting Services ...... Mr. Roberto B. Tadeo
President ...................... ....... ........ Justin Daoas Vice Fresident .......................... Lamberto Doria Secretary ................................. Teofilo Mabutas Treasurer ............................. Paulino Gatchalian Directors .......................... Maximo Mendoza and Miss Presentp.cion Cotez
EA LA T O C -B O B O K COOPERATIVE CREDIT UNION, INC. B oard o f Directors
President ............................. Marcos Damaguen Vice President ..................... . Teofilo Fabrigas Secretary .......................................... Tito Flore* Treasurer ___ ....._______ _________ Jose Armas Directors ................................. Jose A. Ramirez Francisco Aquino Pedro Lalan
B A G U IO T E CHFRS COOPERATIVB CREDIT UNION, INC. B oard o f D irectors
President ................... Atty. Alex H. Brillantes Vice President ............................. Renato Asprer Secretary ................................ Albert Bacdayan Treasurer ................................ Alberto Crespillo Director ...................... Joaquin Bogayong, Jr.
A N TAM O K M INERS COOPERATIVE CREDIT UNION, INC. B oard o f D irectors
President ..................................... Alfredo Fabla Vice President ....................... Leonido Jemenez Secretary .......................... Severiano Quiniones Treasurer ............... ........................ Pablo GutOC Director .................................... Eugenio Bauzon
ITOGON MINERS COOPERATIVE CREDIT UNION. INC. B oard o f D irectors
President ................ Vice Fresident ........ 2nd Vice President Secretary ................. Treasurer ................
.... Marcial Salcedo Rosendo Columbres --------- Pedro Perez ------ Jose Rimando
[ 305 ] ,
JOHNNY LEUNG
Local Businessman
Johnny Leung, one of Baguios economic boosters is proud o f his Filipino citizenship. Born on Jan. 13, 1906 in San Fernando, Manila as the son of Leung Hing, a Chinese, and Maria Hing, a Filipina, he completed his sophomore year in Lingnan University, a Christian College managed by Americans in Canton, China. He returned to the Philippines in 1928. He started a res taurant business in Baguio along Session Road. After 2 years, he sold this venture of his. He joined the Baguio Trading Co. and became one of its active snareholders un til the outbreak of the war. After the war he established a utility store along A. Mabini St. This venture, however, is merely a suplemental endeavor. He derives an income from his inherited properties in Hongkong which is being managed by a cousin. He is a member He shares his marital life with Hiu of the Baguio Chinese Chamber of ComPui Shu and a daughter.
Ong Chay Huat, among Baguios contributors to eco nomic security is the shrewd and enterprising proprietor of the Gold Star Trading. He was born in Amoy, China in 1915 as the son of Ong Tue and Tan Kuan. Trained from early childhood in the intricacies of business, he came to the Philippines as early as 1927. He represented the La Campana GaugaU Company in Sta. Mesa, Manila from 1927 to 1930. After 3 years, he went to China for a hard-earned rest. He return ed to the Philippines to join Mr. Cos entity in Aparri, Ca gayan. In 1947, however; he launched an independent busi ness venture in Baguio where he established the Gold Star Trading Co., an enterprise of utmost necessity to a post war Baguio and covering a wide patronage.
ALFREDO ANG
Proprietor, Kayang: Dry Goods
Another oldtimer resident of Baguio is Alfredo Ang who came to the city in 1936. He established two dry goods store, the Kayang Dry Goods and the Kayang Trading before the outbreak of the war, but gave the other one to his brother in 1940. During the occupation, the stocks of his store were con fiscated by the enemy and he was also concentrated in a prisoners camp with his employees. Fortunately they were released in 1942. A few years later after liberation, he started a store again which was unfortunately burned in 1954. In spite ot this, he was not discouraged so he ship in Baguio. Mr. Ang is tne son of proceeded to reestablish his business a prominent Chinese businessman of Mawhich is now a part of Baguios comnila and Agapita Lay. He has only one mercial progress. son. He is also active in the civic afHe was one of the few Chinese nafairs of the city, tionals who acquired a Filipino citizen-
LUI KIE
Proprietor and Manager, Sunshine Lunch
Among the Chinese businessmen in Baguio who have become so-called pioneers is Lui Kie who came to Baguio as early as 1925. Previously he had experiences in Ma nila at the Tom Dixie Kitchen and the New China Res taurant. In Baguio, he served as Assistant Manager of the Ideal Hotel and Restaurant for 12 years until the outbreak of the last war. During the occupation, he engaged in the buy-and-sell business in Manila. Imniediately after li beration, he returned to Baguio to resume business acti vities. He first put up an eating establishment in the mar ket compound which he managed for 3 years. Then he __ opened the Sunshine Lunch on 59th St. After several years he gave this enterprise up and instead es He is married to Beatrice Young with tablished a new one with the same whom he has 6 children. Mr. Lui Kie name ideally located at the Plaza Maris an active member of the Baguio Chinese ket. Chamber of Commerce.
ANTONIO TEE
Proprietor and Manager, Abanao D ry Goods
Antonio Tee was among the 1930 arrivals from Amoy, China in the Philippines. Immediately upon setting foot in Philippine soil, he left for Baguio where he joined the business circle of dry goods merchants. Until the outbreak of the last war. he has become known to both Baguio residents and transients through his store. He went to China during the occupation but he returned to Baguio as early as 1946 when the war scars were still eve sores. He took over the managership of the Lam Beng Bazar, in which position he served until 1952. After a time, he ventured on his own and opened a dry goods store in Abanao Street, now widely known as Abanao Dry Goods. He is married to a Filipina, the former Felicidad Layugan, who helps him in running his business.
[ 307 j
JTJLIA P. CALICA
Manager, Quality Hollow Blocks Factory
The Quality Hollow Blocks, a business landmark in La Trinidad at present, is being managed by no other than Mrs. P. Calica. This enterprise, needless to say, is among the veritable boosters of progress in Baguio for most of its cus tomers come from this city. Mrs. Calica is a product of the Saint Louis College, Campo Filipino. Born in 1$19 in La Trinidad, Benguet, she it the daughter of Marcos Fianza and Adela Caluya. Married to Tranquilino Calica, also a well-known local businessman, she is the mother of 6 children, two of whom are boys and 4 girls. The fact that Baguio home builders are booming more and more dependent on Quality Hollow Blocks, makes Mrs. CaUcas enterprise stand out as among Ba guios Musts.
QUALITY HOL
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O F F I C E and
FACTORY
KM. 4 T R
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Different Sizes of Hollow Blocks Different Sizes of Decorated Blockt Different Sizes of Concrete Pipes
O R D E R S ARE
ADOLFO C. FLORES
U m Manager, Quttty H a lim Block* R w te v In- .his capacity as sales manager o f the Quality Hollow Blocks Factory, Mr. Adolfo C. Flores is helping Baguio con siderably to attain economic sufficiency through the establishment o f muchneeded dollar-saving enterprise. Mr. Flores who is an eligible bachelor is the son of Basilio .Flores and Paulina Corpuz. He graduated from the Araneta Institute in Agriculture Administration afteir which he served as office clerk In the International Plywood Factory and then with the Bauang FaCoMa. He is accredited with having helped organize the Bauang FaCoMa in La Union. In 1937 he took over the. sales manager ship of the Qaulity. Hollow Blocks Fac tory. Since then he is easily counted among Baguio's enterprising young men. B e was bom on April 30, 1933. He is a member o f the Bauang coUegian and La Union CoUegian, La Union.
a f a / j <.
a n A U ^ za C tr
I N I D A D RD. . B E N G U E T MT . P R O V .
SELL
BAGUIO STONES B A GU I O LIME S A N D RIVER S A N D and S T O N E S
FREE DELIVERY
One of the delivery trunks of the factory with some oj its em ployees.
MR. NG SAU
Supervisor of Chinese Instruction Baguio Chinese Patriotic School, Baguio
In Baguio, for example, the Chinese Community shares unselfishly in the noble task of city building. Ng Sau, a Chinese resident has made a name for himself in the field o f education. Born in Canton, China on October 7, 1910, he came to the Philippines in his youth in 1918 to pursue an edu cation in its various levels. In this he was undeniably successful as evidenced by his educational achievements and these are: Chinese High School Secondary level; Civl Engineering, University of the Philippines, 1927 to 1930; Mining Engineering, Mapua Institute of Technology, 1933 to 1938; University o f Santo Tomas Graduate School in Math ematics, 1938 to 1940. For twenty seven years he has served in various Chinese Schools in the Philippines as a mathematics teacher. In Baguio, he is identified with the Baguio Chinese Patriotic School as Supervisor of Chinese Instruction. Then, too, he is actively affiliated with the Y-Mens Club.
ROBERTO 0 . CHAN
Head Teacher, Baguio Chinese Patriotic School
As head teacher of the Chinese Patriotic School and as instructor in the Philippine Military Academy, Mr. Chan is among Baguios indispensable citizens. He was born in Manila on October 23, 1928 as the son of Hoyat Leung Chan and Ong Kam He completed the elementary grades in the Sun Yat Sen School and the high school at the Chinese High School in 1948 in Manila. He enrolled in the College of Commerce, University of the East in 1949. In 1950, he came to Baguio. While teaching at the Chinese School, he was studying at the Baguio Col leges where he obtained the degree of Bachelor of Science in Commerce in 1953. The year 1953 proved to be an eventful one in his career. It was then that he became a headteacher. As a sideline, he worKs as an instructor in Chinese language at the P.M.A.
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R A O IO T B C M W I O A N ..........................
Among Baguios successful dentists is Dr. Enrique G. Tumang who has devoted most of his time in his chosen profession since he came to Baguio and who is now a permanent resident c f the said city. He was born in Magalang, Pampanga on July 14, 1902, the son of Anacleto Tumang and Juana Gatmaitan. After gradua ting from the Philippine Dental College in 1927, he opened a clinic in his home town. After a 20 years he transferred to Tarlac where he practiced for one year and five years later n Manila from 1930'to 1935. In 1935, he returned to Gerona, Tarlac and stayed there until liberation. After a series o f transfers from one place to another he decided to settle in Ba guio as early as 1946 and has been serving the city since then. He is married to'the former Juanita de Guzman with whom he has five children.
CALIXTO D. REYES
Optical Company and Reyes Optical, wellcient opticians having for his uncles no known firms in Manila. He hails from San Fernando, Cabiao, Nueva Ecija where he was born on October 14, 1912 as the son of Mariano P. Reyes and Felina Domingo. From Jose Rizal College he acquired his secondary educa tion and his degree o f bachelor o f science in commerce. As for experience, it was amply put in by his uncles firm A. P. Reyes Optical Co., where he began as a salesman in 1934. His ability was given due recognition when he was promoted to the managership o f not only the said firm but also of a brother firm, Reyes Optical, also in Manila. For many years to 1953, he gained invaluable wealth in terms o f experiences on which he capitalized later when he established an indepenlent entity of the same nature in Baguio City, the Baguio Optical located in Session Road. Calixto i>. Keyes He is married to Oping Reyes with whom he has a son.
Proprietor and Manager, Baguio Optical Mr. Reyes came from a line o f profijess than the proprietors of A. P. Reyes
BENGUET
BALATOC
Labor disputes often grace the front page of newspapers. While some by standers regard the news with deep concern, others consider them with a passing in terest and a few look at them with sar casm. Whatever the outsiders opinion is, a lot is at stake when disputes between labor and management occur. On the side o f labor, Unions take up the cudgel for the working class. It is, therefore, a must that labor leaders be men of wis dom wisdom propelled to the right chan nels. The Benguet Balatoc Workers Un ion provides a model. At the helm of this organization are men with guts and strong attachments to labor, guided by the highest ideals and principles. In recognition of outstanding achieve ments in the field o f Labor-management Relations, the Benguet Balatoc Workers Union has been awarded a certificate of merit recommended by the Labor Repor ters of the Philippines during the LaborManagement Cooperation conference held in Manila, September 17-23, 1956.
MOISES SORIANO
Competent labor leader and prominent oldtimer in Balatoc, who is ever willing to cooperate for the uplift of the labor ing class. Undaunted by hard work, ho nest and dependable.
Some officers of the Union with gome high government labor officials.
AN TO N IO A L A B A N Z A
Local Businessman
In any kind of endeavor, one succeeds if he tries his best. With this as his guiding philosophy, Antonio C. Alabanza set out to pursue a business career. First he put up a photograph studio in Campo Filipino which he named Far Eastern Studio which he managed from 1934 to 1935. He Abandoned this enterprise in 1935 and engaged in business as a sideline. After the war, he gained experience in, va* rious business endeavors first, a bar business in Luna, La Union: then a dry goods store in the Baguio Market; later a tranpostation enterprise; finally, a real estate brokerage. In July 16, 1948, he was designated as Sanitary Inspector un der the Bureau o f Health Dept, from which he resigned in 1953. A t present he has an apartment for rent located in General Luna Road.
JUANITO MARQUEZ
Branch Manager, Emilio E. Lirn
Juanito Marquez is the Baguio Branch Manager of thf firm, Emilio E. Lim. Prior to this position he served as Driver-Mechanic for the U.S. Embassy in Camp John Hay and later as Assistant Purchasing Agent to Mr. A Porter for 2 years. Afterwards he gained experiences in various firms, namely, as partsman in the International Harvester Co. under a Baguio dealer; as Sales Representative of the Del Rosario Brothers in Baguio; as Baguio Branch Manager and Zone Ma nager to all branches north of Manila; then from 1956 to 1958, as trucking supervisor of the J.J.J. Carrier for the Binga Dam Project Born on May 18, 1920, he is an alumwas a sopftomore Commerce student at nus of the Pangasinan Hiah School. He the Orient Colleges in 1939.
FELIPE G. CAOILI
Proprietor & Operator Trinidad Freight Transportation
ber Company, tnen later with the Bahay relipe G. Caoili was born on May 26, Mines of Abra. As a military reserve, 1917 in La Trinidad, Benguet to Fernan he joined the army in 1941 under the do Caoili and Polonia Gaerlan, first Ilocano settlers in the said place. He en 121st Infantry regiment commanded by deavored early to be a useful member Major Cushing. He suffered the rigors of a Jap concentration camp for one year of society. After leaving school he serv ed a truck helper in the Dangwa Trans in 1943. Upon release, he joined the 66th portation and driver in the Heald Lum Infantry until liberation. After a brief employment with a Chinese tirm in Baguio, he became the boss of his own enterprise in 1952 by establishing the Tri nidad Freight Transportation with eight freight trucks ply ing between Baguio and Manila. With this venture he earned the distinction of being the first Filipino to engage in a private freight service that runs regularly. His Baguio office is located at T. Alonso St. He is married to ' Socorro P. Caoili
\ V
WORKERS
UNION
TEODORICO CALICA
Assistant to the Union President
An experienced bookeeper-accountant, he handless the Unions of accounts. He not only handles the books of accounts of the Union but as assistant to the Union president he is an active partici pant in important deliberations affecting the organization, and is a member of the grievance and negotiation team of the BBWU. As an accountant he says, figures dont lie.
VENANCIO HILLE
Sector-Leader-at-Large
FELIPE JIMENEZ
Another highlander whose first and only concern is to promote the general welfare of the laboring class. Capable and fully fit for the position be holds. Says honesty is the best policy. Hates crooks and grafters.
The nemesis of company dominated unions, he believes that labors success depends on the cohesiveness of its con stituents and the quality of its leader ship. Corrupt and weak leadership and an equally blind membership spell doom to labor. Free unionism is subservient to capital, he says.
RAFAEL PITPITOSGI
Governor, Antamok District
JESUS OYAM
Governor, Bobok District
Small but an acknowledged fighter for prinicples. A man who refuses to be trampled upon by capital. He believes in the necessity of efficiency in every line of endeavor; that an honest labor leader is the guiding spirit of labors progress.
A sturdy native of the Mountain Province, a good family man, and a true Jabor leader who has a firm grasp and understanding of the problems that be set the workingman.
AURELIO DE VERA
Vice-Governor, Bobok District
A prize-fighter and pledged to fight for the- Benguet-Balatoc Workers Union come hell or high water. Advocate of union unity and constructive achieve ments of labor.
CANDIDO REYES
Governor, Balatoc District
He believes that labor should not be oppressed by and be subservient to ca pital; that labor is the foundation of capital. His philosophy is: People who do their work on time make the most of life.
Secretary of Labor Castano as guest of the Union.
FELY. B. GESLANI
Trading Center.
Provincial Commercial Agent also holds office. Its patrons eome from all walks of varied besides being unique and reasonably life because the goods offered for sale are cheap. The Baguio Trading Center is the answer
to every local- Filipino manfacturers prayer. It is here to stay to help Baguio attain economic security.
A few unique samples of quali ty woodcarvings of the Contemprates store at Session Road.
C 314 ]
PIANOS
DOMINGO Pianos a n Individually taotied out under the strictest der a i of craftsmanship demanded U the fine art of pianomaklng.
through such a highleveled policy otQ the makers of DO*GO Pianos superiority in tone, beauty,
Executive O ffice:
GAMBOA SEED
He took his early schooling in the Ba kun Elementary School, and then trans ferred to the Trinidad Farm School where he reached the seventh grade. But due to financial difficulty he stopped' studying, instead, he devoted five, years to being a helper in various Baguio Chinese firms up to 1934. While being employed, he spent the rest of his time taking a Salesmanship Course through correspondence from the International Correspondence School which later grant ed him a certificate, in 1931. From 1934 to 1936 he was employed as a miner at the Itogon Mining Company and from 1937 up to the outbreak Of the war as a helper in thei Dangwa Tranco. However, during the early part of the liberation period he returned to the said firm again to be employed as conductor up to 1947. Not contented to be a mere employe he quitted the company and ven tured in business as a vegetable dealer, an occupation that will not only help the farmers but also boost the economic progress of the Mountain Province in line of agriculture. Mr. Gamboa is married to Nina Marcelino with whom he has one child.
JUSTO GAMBOA
Proprietor and Manager, Gamboa Seed Supply
His is the case of an industrious man, without the benefit of high educational attainment or even a secondary educa tion, but with patience and love of work as his asset succeeded in establishing a vegetable seed store out of his savings while employed. Mr. Justo Gamboa, is a native of Bakun, Benguet where he was born in October, 1912, as the son of Gamat and Tagupao.
Cosmos
Pompon |Sinnia
Halichrysum
Sweet Sultan
Balsam
Gupsophila'
Sweet minam*
SUPPLY
HELP BEAUTIFY BAGUIO AND PLANT SOME OF THESE FLOWERS AND VEGETABLES. For your garden seeds, we offer all kinds of vegetable and flower seedlings.. We accept mail order. We ship orders registered anywhere in the Philippines. The store is located at No. 25-A Magsaysay Avenue, near the Supermarket, Baguio Any season is flower and vegetable? season in Baguio. In fact Baguio is a veritable garden of eternal flowery. You can indulge in gardening as a hobby. For your garden seeds, let us give you the beSt at very reasonable prices Be a part of and derive the greatest satisfaction from gardening.
[ 319 ]
r f
MOUNTAINEERS COMMERCIAL
Market Building, Magsaysay
GALO D. WEYGAH
Pres, and Gen. Manager
Aptitude in business is an asset of in finite value to anyone much more to a Filipino. When a Filipino is adept in business, he earns the respect of his alien rivals and his career becomes a landmark for emulation. Such is the story of Mr. Galo D. Weygan, an enter prising young man and president-manager of the Mountaineers Commercial Enterprises, Inc. This enterprise which is Mr. Weygans brainchild is the only commercial entity in the Mountain Provinve totally owned and managed by na tives. It was organized with the purpose of engaging in the wholesale distribution o f prime commodities to retailers in dif ferent sections of the Mountain Province
and to help the farmers by supplying their needs at the same time involving a system of marketing their products. Mr. Weygan hails from Besao, Bontoc. He graduated from the Mountain Natio nal Agricultural School in 1950. From the Baguio Colleges, he obtained a Ba chelor of Science in Commerce degree in 1953. He workod as an accounting clerk in the Benguet Consolidated Mines until 1954. Then he transferred and worked for the Fertilizer Administration in La Trinidad for sometime after which he joined the Mountain Province FACOMAS. It was while working for the FACOMAS that the idea of organizing an enterprise financed by natives that will benefit the farmers and retailers of the Mountain Province was born. Mr. Weygan is only 31 years of age but his ingenuity and foresight started a business activity that will contribute much to the economic progress o f his people. His foremost aspiration is to see that all idle savings of his fellow Igorots are invested in business thereby giving be nefits not only to themselves in terms of dividends but also to the economic uplift of the province, and to see that the bulk of the commercial business in the Mountain Province is in the hands of Filipinos, if possible, Igorots.
I
inside part vii o of the Store.
[ 320 ]
ENTERPRISES, INC.
A ven u e, Baguio City
I
OTHER OFFICERS AND BOARD OF DIRECTORS
School Sagada.
Teacher
and
businessman
of
Chief Time Keeper of Benguet Conso lidated Saw Mills, businessman, Insurance agent and Labor Leader.
Engineering student.
ORGANIZATION
100 per cent Filipino capital Authorized capital f 100,00 stock at F10.00 par value Accepting new sub scriptions prefera bly from bona-fide Filipino Retailers* Farmers. Teachers. Businessmen, Con tractors and Wage Earners. Subscrip tions payable in in stallments within one year.
3 21
F or Personalized Hair Styling m. the Manner that you desire in a fully well equipped, First Class Pre-W ar Beauty Salon to rnark you out as a well groomed woman.
...
beauty
mtt H
* Jbjjfc a B
M :
salo n
mm
A.
% JrT | I W K tm m / m
Mrs. Fely Cendana-Bundalian
We Do Specialized BODY SKIN BLEACHING, HAIR COLORING, OIL TREATMENT,- FACIAL MASSAGE BRANCHES: San Francisco, California, U.S.A. Manila, Dagupan, Pangasinan Near Philippine National Bank A. Mabini St., Baguio
Proprietress
CARMENS ENTERPRISE
NAMARCO DISTRIBUTOR
Proprietress
[ 322 ]
BRANCHES: * 218 E. Angeles, Plaza Rizal, Naga City * 2259 Legarda, Palomo, Bldg Manila * 102 Carmelo St., Cebu City * Biema Bldg., Del Mar St. Cagayan de Oro City * Claceria St., Davao City * 651 Q. Blvd., Manila * Poblacion, Candon, I. Sur * 5-B Session Road, Baguio City Tel. 42-49 * 833 Caridad, Cavite City * 126 Quezon Ave., Lucena, Quezon Tel. 359-J * 38 A. Regidor, Sta. Cruz, 7.<aguna TeL 114 428 Rizal Avenue, Manila 416 Estero Cegado, Sta. Cruz, Manila Tel. 3-33-54 214 T. Bugallon Avenue Dagupan City
Office and Store of the Acebedo Optical Company at Session Road, Baguio.
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SOUVENIRS
GIFTS
DECORATION S
Telephone 22S6
they told their companions of the luc rative business of selling carved goods. The people were then inspired and they did more carving. This work was fur ther enhanced to a greater extent when a Japanese by the name of Hatche Gotche, came to buy carved goods like those Whitmarsh bought from them. It was also encouraged by an American who bought carvings when they came to see the Ifugao Rice Terraces in Banawe.. Wood carvers from Hapao were latter employed by Naun Nagatomi a Ja panese who succeeded the business of Hatche Gotche. And others also were em ployed by a certain Esteban Galang, who
ALIPIO MONDIGUINO
Proprietor and Mgr.
EXPANSION OF WOODCARVING
In 1923 three old men from Hapao, Ifugao went to Baguio. They brought with them brass pipes and bolos. When they arrived in the city they went to the store of Mr. Whitmarsh, an Ameri can oldtimer, to sell their goods. But when they were getting them out of their bags, Mr. Whitmarsh saw their wooden spoons and offered to buy it. He likewise, informed them that wood en bowls and plates, statues, and na tive costumes are in demand. Yes apo (Sir), the old men answer ed. Although the statues are hard to make, we will carve some when we get home. After one month they returned to Baguio, but it happened there was a big carnival in Manila, and they were called to exhibit their carvings, native costumes, and products of blacksmithing as well. They won the first prize among the different tribes of the Mountain Province. When they went back to their homejS.
also came to Hapao, to buy the same goods. From that time on people, es pecially Americans visit Hapao for its artistic carving products. Now-a-days wood carvings are utilized to beautify homes, offices and some for utensils. Because of the improved ex pert workmanship, wood carvings are now in demand here and abroad for ornamental purposes. For the satisfaction of the buying pu blic, especially to our customers we es tablished a store situated at Camp 7, along the highway, known as Pioneer Cufio Store that deals exclusively in hand made Wood carving products with intri cate and original designs.
TIP-TOP GRILL
No. 7 Arabuklao Rd. (Pacdal) (Three-Minute Drive from Session Road) MUSIC and entertainment at its best with individual attention
Sky View
Bar-RestaurantSoda Fountain
Baguio
Guaranteed Workmanship
F. l a m b a y a n Prop. & Mgr.
Gr e e t i n g s t o a l l b a g u i o t o u r i s t s & v i s i t o r s
Whether you go to the north especially Baguio or down to Manila by Cars or Busses, the first to WELCOME YOU is the
LIBERATOR'S RESTAURANT
(The Travellers favorite Kitcher
and here for your few minutes respite you can h your SUPER... BREAKFAST... and DINNER with yi favorite Filipino food. Front view of the new Liberators building with a capacity o f not less than 100 persons, situated in a spacioui location.
SPECIALTIES
Pennants Letterings Athletic Uniforms, Banners, Etc.
Baguio City
E V E R YD A Y is a BILLARD D A Y
at the
Gavino Bay-an .......... Pres. & Gen. Mgr. Galo D. Weygan . Vice-Pres. & Asst. Mgr. Dr. Moises P. Cating .................. Director Andres Almora ............................ Director Maximo Basilio ............................ Director Tom Diwas .................................... Director Dennis Bay-an ............................ Director
SEGUNDO V. NALUZ
(S E A FOOD D E A LE R ) Fish Section, B ooth No. 56-57 W holesaler and R etailer of variety Fresh Sea Food and Dried Fish Residence Tel. No. 52-38 Stor. Tel. No. 22-38 Baguio City
F or RELIABLE and SPEEDY T R A V E L . .See y ou r dependable Freight Service. GODOFREDO KUNGO TRANSPORTATION The transportation had adopted its p olicy o f providing all avail able facilities to its customers. It now maintains a fleet-.of m odem and big trucks plying mainly al ong the BAGUIO - M AN ILA LINE AND VICE VERSA P. Burgos St.. B aguio * Tel. 62-89 M AN ILA OFFICE: 1917 F elix Huertas St., Sta. Cruz Manila
* The Insular Life Assurance Co., Ltd. * Filipinas Compania de Seguros * The Philippine Guaranty Co., Inc. * Universal Insurance and Indemnity Co. NORTH LUZON DISTRICT OFFICE
The rendezvous and rhoice of wellknown Billard champions and players. A few mi nutes walk from Ses sion Road, A. Mabini Street.
CLARO MURILLO
TEOFILO D. ESTIGOY
Manager
Session Road
Baguio City
MOISES G. REYES
T H IR D F L O O R . R E G IN A B U IL D IN G M A N IL A , P H IL IP P IN E S
ESTABLISHED W
D R. R O M E O L . P A N L IL IO
U N IT M A N A Q E R B A G U IO B R A N C H O F F IC E S E S S IO N m o ., B A G U IO C I T Y T E L . N O . D IA L - O - 199 R - *
OFFICES:
Room 2, Caguioa Building Baguio City
t h ir d
FOR A
LASTING
AND
D U R AB LE
AND
JERRY VILAGA
Ref. Technician Prop, and Manager
For
MIDOL C. KANTALA
Proprietor and Manager
FOR A
LASTING A N D
DURABLE
WORKMANSHIP TESTED
GO TO YOUR MOST
RELIABLE AN D
r e f r ig e r a t o r
* AIR
CONDITIONER
and
* R A D IO S
RAMON S. VILAGA
Contractor-Consultant
Yandoc Bldg.,
Baguio City
Abanao
St.
For your daily or Summer qucMty Suitings.. .. See One of Your Reliable Fashion Shop-
ESPINA FASHION
Recognized in fitting and styling
GARCIAS FASHION
V A L ESPINA
Cutter and Manager
ELADIO F. GARCIA
Prop., Designer and Cutter
La Trinidad
Benguet
Ltd.
* Filipinas Compania de Seguros * The Philippine Guaranty Co., Inc. * Universal Insurance and Indemnity Co.
The rendezvous and choice of wellknown Billard champions and players. A few mi nutes walk from Ses sion Road, A. Mabini Street.
CLARO MURILLO
Session Road
Baguio City
MOISES 6. REYES
T H IR D F L O O R . R E G IN A B U IL D IN G M A N IL A . P H IL IP P IN E S
ESTABLISHED W
D R. RO M EO L . P A N U L IO
U N IT M A N A O V R B A O U IO B R A N C H O F F IC E S E S S IO N R D .. B A O U IO C IT Y T E L . N O . 0 IA L -O - 139 R -*
OFFICES:
Room 2, Caguioa Building Baguio City
T h i w o F l o o r . R B ttM A b u i l d i n g
M a n il a . P h il ip p in e s
T IL . NO . 3 -0 4 -0 1
Hotel P L A Z A
W H ILE IN BA G U K ) S T A Y A T THE
Offers Spacious Rooms, Quiet Corridors, Pleasantness And A Delightful Blend Of Traditional Service and Hospitality
* All Rooms with Running Hot and' Cold Taps * Private Suites with Kitchenettes Single Rooms with Lavatories * Double Roomfe with Bath MB. AN D MRS. G. V ER SO ZA
Operators
* Economical and Efficient Service * Excellent Cuisine * Chinese and American Meals W ON G HO
Prorietor and Manager
Telephone 41-50
COLORADO HOTEL
VALLEJO HOTEL
A homy atmosphere, comfortable, restful and very pleasant to stay i n . .. thats COLORADO HOTEL. Facing exactly the market plaza, the location is made to ordar for all purposes of the vacationist eith er in business or pleasure.' M A R IA N O DEL ROSARIO BAR RESTAURANT
Proprietor and Manager
The only pre-war hotel in ope ration in its original location. Now with Private Water Tanks installrtion available, throughout the year with a spacious restaurant serving *ny kind of dishes, the way you like. M RS. J. G A R C IA
SESSION Theatre
PINES THEATRE
Local
House
o f:
COLU M BIA PICTURES PA R A M O U N T PICTURES and R K O -R A D I O PICTURES Session Road Baguio City
For a W holesom e
Entertainment
PLAZA Theatre
THEATRE AND LANES
Bagnio addition of finest picture entertainment.
For a complete relaxation and an enjoyable SUMMER V A C ATIO N ... BOWL A t T he S U P E R -D O U B L E DECK
Exhibitors o f:
S A M P A G U ITA
Pictures
A urora L an es
AURORA S. T A N JA N C O
Proprietress
PREMIER Pictures U N IVERSAL Pictures L. V. N. Pictures F. Agoneillo St. Baguio City Telephone No. 4?-42
FOR
LASTING
AND
D UR ABLE
W ORKMANSHIP TESTED
AND
JERRY VILAGA
Ref. Technician Prop, and Manager
For
SPARE P A R T S AN D ACCESSORIES dealer in English, European, U.S.A. and Japan Made Vehicles
CHURCH of CHRIST
FOUNDED BY JESUS CHRIST A.D. 30 IN JERUSALEM Mabini St. and Harrison Road Baguio City SUNDAY SERVICES Bible studies ..................................., ......... 9:00 - 10:00 A.M. 6 :30- 7:00 P.M. Song Practice ...................................... Worship ...................................................... 10:00-11:00 A.M. Evangelistic ................................................ 7:0 0 - 8:00 P.M. Wednesday 7 :0 0 -8 :0 0 P.M. This CHURCH has no head but JESUS CHRIST, no authoritative book but the BIBLE, its purposes are to please and glorify GOD. and to help and save MAN. YOU are cordially invited to attend the SERVICES at any time you desire to come. EMPHASIZING Doctrine Practice Form Spirit Church Tel. 62-20 Minister Ralph F. Brashears Res. Tel. 21-93
RALPH E. BRASHEARS
Founder and President
of
Philippine Bible
College
OBJECTIVES To give instructions in the Bible, the word of God to men. To study related literature which helps in understanding the Bible. To encourage students to lay hold of truths and principles which will ennoble their character. To provide instructions for leadership in the church. To teach reference for God, respect for the church and the Bible, and help fulness toward all men. ADVANTAGES The school is Bible centered. Daily Christian conduct is emphasized. Christian association is elevating. Church leadership training is thorough. No human creed is taught. Instructions are high class. Dormitory space is economical. JEnrollment fee PI.00 per subject.
Bible College
A pose o f som e students with Minister Ralph F . Brahears.