Chapter 2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

Now a days, technologies become usually a part of our daily life. Research has become increasingly important for the field of business today. Company or Institution must base their statements on verified facts. In addition one might be able to absorb and learned this research study. The literature and studies cited in this chapter tackle the prospects of Company and Institution, as well as the process of Computer monitoring system.

FOREIGN LITERATURE AND STUDIES There has been a signicant amount of previous work done in the monitoring of computer hardware device. In particular, Mohammed EL Shobaki conduct a study, Onchip Monitoring for Non-Intrusive Hardware/Software Observability bears the most similarity to this work. In this thesis work the authors propose a solution to the problem where the monitoring and troubleshooting of computer hardware device become important part in maintaining observability of the computer system. He stated that todays computer-based products are complex and require extensive efforts to design and test. They are complex because they comprise many components, complex software and hardware, and features a lot of functionality. This is a trend which is clearly seen in the consumer electronics market, and in state-of-the-art industrial systems. The development of these products tends to be as challenging as it is increasingly time consuming, expensive, and error-prone. Therefore, the developers need to cut down the

development time and improve quality, which turn, demands better tools and development methodologies. He stated also that the one important aspect in the development process is observability, the ability to observe the systems behaviour at various abstraction levels in the design. These observations are required for many reasons, for instance, when looking for design errors, during debugging, during optimisation of algorithms, for extraction of design data, and a lot more. Observability is however not an issue restricted to development purpose only, it may also be necessary after the deployment to development purpose as well for error recovery, for surveillance issues, for collection of statistical measurement concerning the use of hardware devices. http://www.mrtc.mdh.se/publications/0759.pdf

Another work that attempts to address some of the same issues as this work is Wireless Local Area Networking For Device Monitoring. In this thesis, a wireless local area networking technique is developed, which is intended for use in a device monitoring system. Stated developed an infrastructure called the Device-Centric services (DCS) that provides a set of device monitoring applications including automated meter reads, product break-notifications, and maintenance support. This infrastructure currently contains a wired network connecting the support ing companys devices into the backbone of their customers network, where data is transm itted over the Internet into a company database. This current implementation is not compatible with all of the current devices and it requires that the data be transmitted along the customers network backbone. Utilizing the qualities of a wireless network, these issues

can be resolved. WLAN will be used for a device monitoring application. The endless possibilities of wireless technologies shall be used to monitor the variables involved in printers, fax machines, scanners, and other devices. http://www.ece.rochester.edu/projects/wcng/papers/theses/goldsmith_MSthesis.pdf

According to Yansong Liang Professor at Beijing University of Technology who conducted a thesis, The Development of an Intelligent Inventory Management System. The surveys and classifications of computer inventory models can provide useful information for makers who want to use the models. But the applications of these models in making decisions for inventories with large numbers of items would involve a substantial number of numerical calculations. To facilitate the models application, efforts have been made over the past four decades to develop computerised inventory systems to help in solving these problems. In 1960s IBM introduced an inventory package called IMPACT: Inventory Management Programme and Control Techniques for the whole and retail trade. Other computer manufacturers followed with very similar systems. ICL introduced its system SCAN; Semens developed its system HOREST. Actually, inventory packages like IMPACT are criticised for not being based on truly optimal algorithms but on heuristic, common sense accompanied by mathematical solutions for simplified models which involves so many exceptions and restrictions that it is quite difficult to gain insight into the fundamentals. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/14812/1/DX199575.pdf

Middleton, I "Key Factors in Help Desk Success (An analysis of areas critical to help desk development and functionality.)" British Library R&D Report 6247, the British Library 1996. A help desk is a resource intended to provide the customer or end user with information and support related to a companies or institution's products and services. The purpose of a help desk is usually to troubleshoot problems or provide guidance about products such as computers, electronic equipment, food, apparel, or software. Corporations usually provide help desk support to their customers through various channels such as toll-free numbers, websites, instant messaging, or email. There are also in-house help desks designed to provide assistance to employees. http://books.google.com.ph/books/about/Key_Factors_in_Help_Desk_Success.html?id= Ei7jGgAACAAJ&redir_esc=y

As Magazine.

said

by

Lesonsky,

Rieva

(1998). "Tracking software

Inventory". Entrepreneur system for

Inventory

management

a computer-based

tracking inventory levels, orders, sales and deliveries. It can also be used in the manufacturing industry to create a work order, bill of materials and other productionrelated documents. Companies use inventory management system to avoid product overstock and outages. It is a tool for organizing inventory data that before was generally stored in hard-copy form or in spreadsheets. It is often associated with and is similar to distribution software, as distributors that can compete with less cash tied up in inventories have a distinct advantage over their competitors http://www.entrepreneur.com/article/21852

LOCAL LITERATURE AND STUDIES

According to the study of Irene Guijt, Mae Arevalo and Kiko Saladores. Monitoring progress and evaluating impacts have long been considered important to ensure that money is well spent and that objectives are met. Besides this conventional focus on being accountable to funding agencies, organisations are increasingly using monitoring and evaluation for internal learning and to improve their work. They see that, for maximum benefits, learning needs to happen collectively with diverse groups and people. Many of these organizations already work with participatory appraisal and planning, making it a logical step for them to processes more participatory. http://pubs.iied.org/pdfs/G01749.pdf

According to Ronalyn G. Tolentino who conduct a thesis Computer-Based Inventory, Record Keeping and Monitoring System for the Property and Equipment . The world we live in has been transformed immensely with the advent used of the information. At this time, almost every aspect of the human life is influenced by the rapid advancement of technology providing us with the novel opportunities and fresh challenges at the same time. This is manifested in all sectors of the economy: communication, education, health services, entertainment, finance, publishing, retailing, and other areas. Indeed, information technology has made the indelible mark in our lives, making everyday living possible without it.

Computerized inventory system is a computer program that track inventory and creates automated replenishment order. Computerizing the inventory system brings the organization the potential improvement in accuracy and speed through better analysis of inventory trends, including the pattern of processing and recording. Furthermore, immediate result will be more timely and accurate information about, item presently on hand. Additional equipment and property personnel could encounter fewer burdens, less effort on processing transactions, and may avoid misplacing or loss of records.

Record keeping become increasingly difficult to handle to an organization and business, especially whom many equipment and property entering to and hereby of adequate time to evaluate and storage to organization thats its proper register. However, through computers and vast databases available nowadays, keeping the recorder large volume seems to be a natural phenomenon, to an organization requiring a proper place to store all essential information. Through this spoilage or misplacing records can be avoided, and information can acquire in just a click away. Due to this, the researcher comes up with the computerization aiming for an enormous innovation and improvement in the existing manual system. The use of computers is the best solution the researcher think that would answer the existing problem in terms of operations and functions of inventory, record keeping and monitoring system for the property and equipment of the Tarlac State University College of Computer Studies. http://pmbook.ce.cmu.edu/14_Organization_and_Use_of_Project_Information.html

Synthesis The specified studies that was cited brought a significant amount of previous work done in particular to the computer monitoring of hardware devices, record keeping using inventory management system and also help desk in providing technical support services of our propose thesis system. They tackle how to improve the monitoring system in a modern and technological way using computers. Also give a solution to the existing problem where the monitoring and troubleshooting of computer hardware device become important part in maintaining observability of the computer system.

The related studies also focus in discussing the importance of Inventory management system. The application of this system in organizing transaction, saving all the records into the database and quick access of all records. Next is help desk explain how resource intended to provide end user with information and support related to a companies or institutions products and services. Also show how it is use to troubleshoot problems or provide guidance about products such as computers, electronic equipment or software.

Definition of terms Software - Computer software, or simply software, refers to the non-tangible components of computers, known as computer programs. The term is used to contrast

with computer hardware, which denotes the physical tangible components of computers. It may be used as an adjective to mean "non-tangible component" or as a group noun to mean "all computer programs when taken as a whole".

Computer Hardware and Software require each other and neither can be realistically used without the other.

Hardware - is the collection of physical elements that constitutes a computer system. Computer hardware refers to the physical parts or components of a computer such as the monitor, mouse, keyboard, computer data storage, hard drive disk (HDD), system unit (graphic cards, sound cards, memory, motherboard and chips), etc. all of which are physical objects that can be touched.[1] In contrast, software is instructions that can be stored and run by hardware.

Debugging - is a methodical process of finding and reducing the number of bugs, or defects, in a computer program or a piece of electronic hardware, thus making it behave as expected. Debugging tends to be harder when various subsystems are tightly coupled, as changes in one may cause bugs to emerge in another. Many books have been written about debugging (see below: Further reading), as it involves numerous aspects, monitoring (application, system), memory dumps, profiling, Statistical Process Control, and special design tactics to improve detection while simplifying changes. including interactive debugging, control flow, integration testing, log files,

WLAN - A wireless local area network (WLAN) links two or more devices using some wireless distribution method (typically spread-spectrum or OFDM radio), and usually providing a connection through an access point to the wider Internet. This gives users the ability to move around within a local coverage area and still be connected to the network. Most modern WLANs are based on IEEE 802.11 standards, marketed under the Wi-Fi brand name. WLANs were once called LAWNs (for local area wireless network) by the Department of defence.

IBM - The International Business Machines Corporation (commonly referred to as IBM) is an American multinational technology and consulting corporation, with headquarters in Armonk, New York, United States. and IBM manufactures and markets consulting

computer hardware and software,

offers infrastructure, hosting and

services in areas ranging from mainframe computers to nanotechnology.

IMPACT - Inventory Management Program and Control Techniques for the whole and retail trade.