ME770/ME770A IIT Kanpur Assignment 1 (Due date: 16 January 12 noon) Please submit only hardcopy of the solutions (typed

or hand-written) Problem 1 A cantilever beam is loaded with force F at its free end to produce a deflection . If the beam has a circular cross section, develop a figure of merit for selecting a material that minimizes the weight of a beam for a given stiffness. By using the material properties given below, select the best materials (a) on the basis of performance and (b) on the basis of cost and performance. Materials GNm-2 E ksi Density (Mgm-3) Approx. cost $/ton

Steel Wood Concrete Al-alloy CFRP GFPR Ti-alloy

200 9-16 50 69 70-200 40 120

29x103 1.7x103 7.3x103 10x103 15x103 5.8x103 17.4x103

7.8 0.4-0.8 2.4-2.8 2.7 1.5-1.6 1.8 4.5

450 450 300 2000 200,000 7,500 125,000

Problem 2: Select the material for the frame of the ultimate bicycle meaning the lightest possible for a given stiffness. You may assume that the tubes of which the frame is made are cantilever beams (of length l) and that the elastic bending displacement of one end of a tubular beam under a force F (the other end being rigidly clamped) is = (Fl3)/(3Er3t) 2r is the diameter of the tube and t is the wall thickness of the tube (t << r). Find the combination of material properties which determine the mass of the tube for a given stiffness and hence find out the material index parameter for selecting the best material. Try steel, aluminum alloy, Ti-alloy, GFRP and CFRP.

ME770/ME770A IIT Kanpur Problem 3: (a) Material for a cantilever of circular cross section for a bridge is to be selected. The stress analysis of the structure shows that the cantilever is point loaded at its free end. It is required to maximize the stiffness and strength while keeping the weight of the cantilever low. Derive equations for the performance index based on strength and stiffness. (b) Use the data given in Table 1 and select material for the above cantilever based on strength and stiffness. Table 1 Materials Density (g/cm3 ) Cast iron Al-alloy Steel Alloy PVC Mg-Alloy 7.10 2.77 7.85 1.3 1.77 Elastic modulus (GPa) 169 72.4 207 2.41 45 Yield strength (MPa) 300 345 250 40.7 160