ChE 243 Fluid Dynamics: Problem Set #4

Solutions
1. (20 points)
The pump on the boat shown pumps water at 80oF and a
flow rate of 10 ft3/s through a submerged water passage
which has an area of 0.5 ft2 at the bow of the boat and
0.30 ft2 at the stern. Determine the tension in the
restraining rope, assuming that the inlet and exit pressures
are equal.

Solution
Q = 6 ft3/s = Av
A1 = 0.25 ft2
A2 = 0.15 ft2

steady state

+
=

= 2 22 2 1 12 1 = 2 1 =
62.2 / 3 10 3 /
=
32.174 / 2

1
1

= 2

2 1
2 1
1
1

= 257.76
2
0.3
0.5 2

The tension on the rope is,

=

= 297.64
cos(30 )

2. (20 points)
A plate moves perpendicularly toward a discharge jet at the rate of 5 ft/s. The jet discharges
100oF water at a rate of 5 ft3/s and a speed of 30 ft/s. Please calculate the force of the fluid on the
plate and compare this with what it would be if the plate were stationary. Assume steady,
frictionless flow for this problem.
Solution
First, sketch a figure to better visualize the problem.

C.V.

y
x

Q=5 ft3/s and v = 30 ft/s

vp = 5.0 ft/s

For a CV moving with velocity vp to the left:

steady state

Thus,

2
+

62.1 / 3
5 3 /
=
30/ + 5 /
32.174 / 2 30 /

= 0 +

If the plate was stationary, then vp=0, thus,

62.1 / 3
5 3 /
2
= 0 =
30 /
32.174 / 2 30 /

= 394.0

= 289.5

3. (30 points)
Water at 60oF flows steadily through the horizontal 30 degree pipe bend as shown in the figure.
At position 1 (the entrance), the diameter is 0.3 m, the velocity is 12.0 m/s and the pressure is
128 kPa gage. At position 2 (the exit), the diameter is 0.38 m and the pressure is 145 kPa gage.
Please calculate all forces necessary to hold the pipe bend in place.

Solution
First, let's label the figure with the information we have.
D2=0.38 m
v2=7.407 m/s
P2=145 kPa
We can calculate A2:

2 = 0.38 2 = 0.1134 2
4
D1=0.3 m
v1=12 m/s
P1=128 kPa
We can calculate A1:

1 = 0.3 2 = 0.07 2
4

= 1 1 = 1 1

So,
2 =

1 1
12 / 0.07 2
=
= 7.407 /
1
0.1134 2

steady state

x-direction force:
+ 1 1 2 2 = 22 2 12 1

Rearrange,
= 22 2 12 1 1 1 + 2 2
= 998.7 /3 7.407 / 2 0.1134 2 cos 30
998.7 /3 12 / 2 0.07 2 128000 + 101325 0.07 2
+ 145000 + 101325 0.1134 2 cos 30 = 3452.3
1 N = kg m/s2
1 pascal (Pa) = 1 N/m2 = 1 kg/(ms2)
Now we need to evaluate the sign. If we define positive x-direction as moving to the right, there
will be a need to hold the fitting in the -x-direction to hold the pipe stationary, so,
= 3452.3

y-direction force:
2 2 = 22 2
Rearrange,
= 2 2 + 22 2
= 145000 + 101325 0.1134 2 30
+ 998.7 /3 7.407 / 2 0.1134 2 sin 30 = 17073.3
Evaluate sign,
= 17073.3

4. (20 points)
An open tank car as shown in the figure below travels to
the right at a uniform velocity of 8 m/s. The tank car passes
under a jet of water at 40oC flowing from a stationary 0.1
meter diameter pipe with a velocity of 20 m/s. What is the
force exerted on the tank by the water jet? To simplify
things, you can assume steady flow.

Solution
steady state

x-direction
= 2
= 992.2 /3 20 /

0.1
4

45

992.2 /3 20 / 8 /

0.1
4

= 957.3

y-direction
=

steady state

= 2 = 992.2 /3 20 /

0.1
4

45 = 2204

5. (25 points)
A water sprinkler consists of two 0.5 inch diameter jets at the ends
of a rotating hollow rod as shown in the figure. If the water leaves
at 20 fps, what torque would be necessary to hold the sprinkler in
place? Assume steady state and that the water is at 60oF.

Solution
The C.V. is indicated by a red box in the figure.
Assuming steady state:
=

The torque on the sprinkler is

= 2
Where the negative sign comes from the right hand rule, the 2 comes from the fact that there are
two sides and our control volume includes only one side and ryv comes from
= + =
Thus,
2 62.3 / 3
0.5 2
1 2
=
20
/
0.5

20
/
32.174 / 2
4
144 2
= 1.056 /

6. (30 points)
The pipe shown in the figure has a slit of thickness 0.25
inches so shaped that a sheet of water of uniform
thickness 0.25 inches flows out radially from the pipe.
The velocity is constant along the pipe as shown and a
flow rate is 8 ft3/s enters at the top. Find the moment on
the tube about the axis BB from the flow of water inside
the pipe system. Assume steady state and water at 80oF

Solution
=

Slit thickness = 0.25 inches = 0.021 ft.

Area = 4 in2 = 0.02778 ft2
= +
= +
=
So,
=

Since there is no x-direction velocity, and letting =

9

2
=
2

= 2
3

92 32

2
2

= (36)

Since Q=vA, and = =

8 3 /
6 0.021 )

= 63.5 /

62.2 / 3
= 36 =
63.5 /
32.174 / 2
2

0.021 36 = 5893.25

7. (25 points)
(a) Determine the magnitude of the x and y
components of the force exerted on the fixed blade
shown by a 3 ft3/s jet of water flowing at 25 ft/s.
Assume the water is at 100oF.
(b) If the blade is moving to the right at 15 ft/s, find
the magnitude and velocity of the water jet leaving
the blade.
Assume steady state.
Solution
(a)
Q = vA = 3 ft3/s, v1 = v2 = 25 ft/s
=

= 2 2 2 1 1 1
Where the negative sign on the v1 is because the blade is moving in the negative x-direction.
= 2 1
62.1 / 3
=
3 3 / 25 / 30
32.174 / 2
62.1 / 3

3 3 / 25 / = 270.12
2
32.174 /
y-direction, remembering that the water velocity is flowing out in the minus y-direction,
62.1 / 3
= 2 2 2 =
3 3 / 25 / 30 = 72.4
32.174 / 2
(b)
If the blade moves to the right at 15 ft/s then,
1 = 25 + 15 = 40 /
2 = 40 /
So the magnitude of the velocity leaving the blade is:
= 2 ( ) +
= + + = 40 30 40 sin 30 + 15
= 34.64 20 + 15 = 49.64 20

 = 49.64 20 + = 49.64 cos 30 20 sin 30

= 38.0 /