ENGR. MARYJOIE A.

ARMERO

 Through

the addition of chemical reagents, a chemical reaction is able to remove acids, bases, colloidal matter, color, trace metals and dissolved solids in wastewater.

a chemical treatment whereby either acids or bases are added to the influent wastewater in order to neutralize any acid or bases present and thus control pH.

Common agents : hydroxide

sulfuric acid sodium

reaction of a precipitating agent with a dissolved solids to bring it out of a solution.

Common oxidizing agent - O2

Iron and manganese removal by reaction in the presence of Cl2.

Fe+2 + Mn+2 + O2 FeO2 + MnO2

Fluoride removal through lime addition

2F- + Ca (OH)2 CaF2 + 2OH-

Removal of hardness using soda ash

Ca 2+ + Na2CO3 CaCO3 + 2 Na+ Mg2+ + Na2CO3 MgCO3 + 2 Na+

Aluminate removal using sulfuric acid

Na2Al2O4 + H2SO4 + 2 H2O Na2SO4 + 2Al(OH)3

an electrochemical process used in the removal of colloidal matter in wastewater through the addition of coagulating agents which reduce the electrostatic charges surrounding colloidal matter thereby allow natural Van der Waals forces of attraction to predominate and allowing the solids to cluster.

Common Coagulants : alum Al2 (SO4)3.14H2O copperas FeSO4.7H2O

a physico-chemical process used in the removal of finely divided solids, a polyelectrolyte is added to wastewater which car from bridges that will join together the solids.

Photos taken during the addition of coagulant to wastewater sample. (a) the original appearance of wastewater prior to treatment (b) formation of flocs after addition of coagulant in rapid mixing (c) formation of larger flocs ready to settle and (d) settlement of flocs at the base of flotation cell

chemical treatment used to kill pathogenic microorganisms

1. Ozonization use of O3 ; a strong oxidizing agent 2000 times more powerful than Cl3, more expensive and more difficult to handle, more commonly used for decolorizing and deodorizing. 2. Chlorination addition of Cl2 and its compounds ( ClO- , HClO-)

Chlorine when added to wastewater is broken down into:

chlorine demand of water amount of Cl2 that will oxidize organic matter residual chlorine - amount of Cl2 that will disinfect water.