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INSTITUT NATIONAL DE RECHERCHE EN INFORMATIQUE ET EN AUTOMATIQUE

Optimal consumption and portfolio in a jump diffusion


market with proportional transaction costs
Nils Chr. Framstad, Bernt ksendal and Agn`es Sulem

No 3749
Aout 1999
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THEME
4

ISSN 0249-6399

apport
de recherche


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Unite de recherche INRIA Rocquencourt


Domaine de Voluceau, Rocquencourt, BP 105, 78153 LE CHESNAY Cedex (France)


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Unite de recherche INRIA Lorraine, Technopole de Nancy-Brabois, Campus scientifique,


` NANCY
615 rue du Jardin Botanique, BP 101, 54600 VILLERS LES
Unite de recherche INRIA Rennes, Irisa, Campus universitaire de Beaulieu, 35042 RENNES Cedex
Unite de recherche INRIA Rhone-Alpes, 655, avenue de lEurope, 38330 MONTBONNOT ST MARTIN
Unite de recherche INRIA Rocquencourt, Domaine de Voluceau, Rocquencourt, BP 105, 78153 LE CHESNAY Cedex
Unite de recherche INRIA Sophia-Antipolis, 2004 route des Lucioles, BP 93, 06902 SOPHIA-ANTIPOLIS Cedex

Editeur
INRIA, Domaine de Voluceau, Rocquencourt, BP 105, 78153 LE CHESNAY Cedex (France)
  


  

ISSN 0249-6399

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