$

.1 #

54

54

( '
+

. /0 1-1 ' ,$-

81 R 7 1 5 5 ( . -21
1 -2 , +. G
1
$ <= 1 2> G $ 1

1 -3 , +.
1 =
$BC 1
1 -4 /$ 1 2-
: D1
-5 $ < F G
G $.H .
$ IH c .
K 2 D1G $ I
-6 5
**********************************************************************************************

2#

. 54
1

= P 8 $ . $ 2 1 ' ,$- O,$1 , / G $ <1

,$ R U = 5,42V : Q2 . I = 2,74mA

IG
.( .
-= = / IQ $ K / $Q
1 =
$ - = $ ( . 2 1 8 , 1
1 - 5
81 F $. 1 -IG 1 1 $
,$ R .

- 81 K 5IG 1
1 - 5
IG 1 $
1 F $. 1 -
,$ R

IG
- 1 K 5
**********************************************************************************************

3#

= N I .

H $

.54
1

2> = 102,0mS .m

$ <=
8,
[Y Z k ,
\ G = 0,86mS : 8
$ ] . 10C
[ ^H- k , Z
1 -
. L = 20cm
>/1 Z,
-

5 1 1( 1
**********************************************************************************************

4#

>

.54

2+

-1$ K 5 I ` = NO3 Ca
>.. 25C 2

-21 K 5

2
1
2+
2
= ( NO3 ) = 7,14mS .m mol (Ca ) = 11,9mS .m mol 1 : O.
**********************************************************************************************

5#

'1

$ 2

$ ^I

. t = 1,5 g / L

.54

) I 1 a , ( Na + HO Z
G
> $/> -1
( 1 - .

P = - ( 1 B+B $ I
. , P 8= -2 = P $ K / $Q> P = 2 G $ 1
+

. G ( K + Cl ) = 1,85mS G ( Na + + HO ) = 3,19mS G ( Na + + Cl ) = 1,56mS

S L $ I

5 1

: Q2 c

) G ( K + + HO

, O. P 2 / 2 , 8, $ P 2 K G $
P = 7 $ . cI
/
.+
`[$
( ` .,
5 -3 , 1
**********************************************************************************************

6#

.54

/ /5 c/. (CaCl 2 , nH 2 O) 1 1g \ > 10mL b 1

.
, n (1 . O
=$
.
$ # \ > $ = 1 I
d Y
(.
F Z1 ^H
O. Q 1 7
5
2,5
)1 c(m.mol / L
) G (mS
2,63 1,32
0,53
fY (1 G = f (c) \2 2
1 F Z= (2 $1100 , / = 1 P 8 . G = 2,24mS Q2 7
$ #B F Z (/ ^I . F Z
$ I
d2
.n
) (CaCl 2 , nH 2 O G , / d 2

m
(3 K 5

7,5
3,95

10
5,21

=M (Ca ) = 40,1g / mol M (Cl ) = 35,5 g / mol : O.

**********************************************************************************************

$Y

7
+

) ( Na + Cl
"!
(1 ! + * ( & .

+
" 2 !3 Na " . Cl
(2/0 1 /8 67 3 4 5 1 ! ( * 2
.
(3 * : /0

3
2
1
2+
3
"!= (Cl ) = 7,63.10 S .m .mol (Ca ) = 11,9.10 S .m 2 .mol 1 :
**********************************************************************************************

. c = 0,5mol / L

8#
3

[Y ,
) 8
k = 5.10 m :
$/ Z NR
8
( O/
2
$ 81 $ ] c = 10 mol / L ^I
/
1>
$ <= K Z
1 k8

+
d 2 $ , +. I ` = K . Cl
(1 .1 K , /
.
` = = l G

c a ,

1 > $/> (2
.

1
(3K 5
+
4
2
1

4
2
1
= (Cl ) = 76,3.10 S .m .mol : O. ( K ) = 74.10 S .m .mol :
**********************************************************************************************

(
\ . G = 0,76.10 S

9#
'1

1 1
R1 = 2,84 :
1 - ' 1

$ c1 = 10 mol / L : ^I1

O. 1 = 0,118S .m

=< 81 Y $ 1
8 1 8
3
$ c 2 = 5.10 mol / L ^I 8 1 . R2 = 2,79 :
> P = $ <= 1 2 Z
,BK Z
(1G
.( .
1
(21 K 5
3
$ c3 = 10 mol / L ^I
P = 1 . /O

1
(3#
***********************************************************************************************

10 #

[( /

< $

IQ G 1 1

( /

$ Z1 I

$ -Q1 I G1 = 1,85.10 3 S Q= c1. c1 K 5

/
1'1
81 $ n 2> (1
^$ . Q2 0,8V N H $ Z
$ S 2 . , C 2 ^I / G $
/
1'1
P = $ < (2 Z
. C2
,$ R #BG

IG
. 2,53mA : 1 K 5

11

" /57 @ 8 *0 25C* :

(1 ! + * ( & .
( * / :
* :C
7 7 (2
( 3 * /0 . * :
* . SO 2 * " B
* * :
(4/0
4

Na 2 SO4

. G = 650.10 S : /?5& c = 2,5.10 mol.L

* * " B .C

"!= Na = 5,01.10 3 S .m 2 .mol 1 L = 1cm S = 1cm 2 :

+

p
p $

.......................................................................................................................................:1#

= .
( ' 5 ] 2 ' ,$- = =a
+ 5 ' ,$- ] 2 ' ,$- $ R=
-1
***********************************************************************************************
1
(S ) P2 8` , R 1 . :
, G
= G
-2
R
*********************************************************************************************

S
-3
L
***********************************************************************************************
. -2 ,

1 = 5 1:
$BC 1
-4 /$ 1 2-
************************************************************************************************
:
-5 G
I > 2 G $.H .
I > 2 $ I************************************************************************************************
= >.7 ] H 2> k8 a

H c 5 . H1 5
K 2 -6 D1G $ I
. 1 f Y > 1 G H1. ,
G =

p $

....................................................................................................................................... 2#

= P 8 $ .

IG
-

$ 2 1 ' ,$- O,$1 , / G $ <1

,$ R U = 5,42V : Q2 . I = 2,74mA

= N I .

H $

************************************************************************************************
6 . ( H
" 3 /K I
5( 8 * :
6 ! N" -
.......................................................................................................................................................................
8 * : : H /K .@5 N

8 - * 0
1 U
= =R
G I
************************************************************************************************
U
5,42
= =R
( Q = 1978 .

8 - * 0
I 2,74.10 3
************************************************************************************************
-

************************************************************************************************
1
,$ R G = 5.10 4 S

IG
1 -
R

p $

........................................................................................................................................3 #
1

$ <=
8,
[Y Z k ,
\ G = 0,86mS : 8
$ ] . 10C
[ ^H- k , Z
1 -
. L = 20cm
>/1 Z,
-

5 1 1( 1
G
,86.10 3 S
S
= =K
=
G = = .K :: 721
-
3
1
102.10 S .m
L
S
= S = K .L

=K
-
L

p $

>

2> = 102,0mS .m

...................................................................................................................................... 4 #

2+

'1

$ 2

-1$ K 5 I ` = NO3 Ca
>.. 25C 2

-21 K 5

2
1
2+
2
= ( NO3 ) = 7,14mS .m mol (Ca ) = 11,9mS .m mol 1 : O.
:
# .= -1 .1 , $1 K =

$ ^I

. t = 1,5 g / L

M (Ca ( NO3 ) 2 ) = 164 g .mol 1

Ca( NO3 ) 2 ......... .............Ca 2+ ..... + .......2 NO3

no
0
0
no x max
x max
2x max
x max = no

[NO ] = 2Vn

t = c.M

= (Ca
.... = (Ca

2+

).[Ca

2+

]+ (

NO 3

[Ca ] = nV
2+

I $
:

. NO 3
)

I $
1

Ca (NO3 ) 2 ,

.1

' /
' -2

no x max :

= 2c

(>

= c : 721

, +.

).c + (NO ).2 c

... = c.( (Ca ) + 2 (NO ) )
2+

2+

t
( (Ca 2 + ) + 2 (NO ) )
3
M
1,5 .10 3 g .m 3
... =
(11,9 + 2 7 ,14 ). 10 3 S .m 2 .mol 1 = 239 , 45 mS .m 1
1
164 g .mol

.... =

.......................................................................................................................................5#
H

$ p

Z I 1 a , ( Na + HO )
G
> $/> -1
. - 1 (

I $ P = - ( 1 B+B
1 $ G P = 2> / $Q K $ P = . , P 8= -2
+

. G ( K + Cl ) = 1,85mS G ( Na + + HO ) = 3,19mS G ( Na + + Cl ) = 1,56mS

I $ L S

: Q2 c

G ( K + + HO )

5 1

$ G P 2 K $ P 2 / 2 , 8, O. ,
. cI $ P = 7
/
.+
$[ `
.,( `
, 1 5 -3
:
= K$1 , .1 # .= (1

(> .1
Na (OH )......... .............Na + ..... + .......HO
no

' /

no x max

x max

x max

' -2

x max = no

[HO ] = nV

no x max :

=c

[Na ] = nV
+

:
:

Na (OH ) ,
= c : 721

1
+
( Na + + HO ) = (Na + ). Na + (HO ). HO
.... = (Na + ) c + (HO ) c

.... = c ( (Na + ) + (HO ) )

= G.
:
8,
c.S .( (Na + ) + (HO ) )

+. p/

L
S

G =

S
L

: 2

r . ,

L
= c ( (Na + ) + (HO ) )
L
S
***********************************************************************************************
(1) ( Na + + HO ) = c (Na + ) + (HO ) (2
G ( Na + + HO ) =

: 721

(K

+ Cl )

( Na + + Cl ) + ( Na + + HO ) = c (K + ) + (HO )

(K ) + (HO ) =
+

:\>(

(K

+ Cl )

(2)

( Na

(3)

(K

+ Cl )
+

[
= c [ (

+ Cl )

( Na + + Cl ) + ( Na + + HO )
c

]
)]

= c (Na + ) + (Cl )

( 3 ) ( 2 ) + (1) :

K+

: 721

) + (Cl

G ( K + + HO ) =

G ( K + + HO ) =

p/

:k,
c.S . (K + ) + (HO )

c.S . ( K + + Cl ) ( Na + + Cl ) + ( Na + + HO )
L

]= G

- >(

+. .

( K + + Cl )

G ( Na + + Cl ) + G ( Na + + HO )

G ( K + + HO ) = 1,85 1,56 + 3,19 = 3, 48 mS :.

......................................................................................................................................................... . 6# $ p
G = f (c) : \2 2 (1
10
7,5
5
2,5
1 c(m.mol / L)
G (mS )
5,21 3,95 2,63 1,32
0,53

**********************************************************************************************
:
= K$1 , .1 # .= (2 .
+

(> .1
CaCl 2 ......... .............Ca ..... + .......2Cl
no

' /

no x max

x max

2x max

' -2

x max = no

[Ca ] = nV
2+

=c

no x max :

[Cl ] = 2Vn

:
:

( Ca

2+

+ 2 Cl )

Na (OH ) ,

= (Ca 2 + ). Ca

2+

]+ (

Cl

= 2c : 721

[ ]

). Cl

.... = (Ca 2 + ) c + (Cl ) 2 c

.... = c ( (Ca 2 + ) + 2 Cl )
S

= c ( (Ca ) + 2 Cl ) : . Z , B .K D1
G = = .K
L
) + 2Cl ) : G = f (c) \2 2 7G ( 1 . ( 1) G = K ((Ca ) + 2Cl ) c
2+

tan = K ((Ca 2 +

2+

tan =

: 2

G G B G A (3,95 1,32).10 3
=
=
= 0,526 S .L.mol 1 : Q= = /1
3
c
cB c A
(7,5 2,5).10

G
2,42.10 3 ( S )
=
= 4,6.10 3 mol.L1 : ^I $ G = 2,24mS :
F Z
/ 2 ,
1
0,526 0,526.( S .L.mol )
c'
c' = 100c = 0,46mol / L : F = 100 =
F Z ( 1 .1 2 . F Z ( / `
I $ c : F Z
I $ c
c
**********************************************************************************************
(3
M (CaCl 2 , nH 2 O) =111,1+18n

m = 1g : , / G

1
m
m
.
n = 6 111,1 + 18n = 217,36 : 111,1 + 18n =
: M =
c' =
: 2

c'.V
M .V
0,46 10.10 3
c=

...................................................................................................................7 #
CaCl 2 Ca

2+

x max = no : 721 .no x max = 0 : t

+ 2Cl

>(

[ Ca

2+

]f =

2+

, .1 (1
: (> 8 G (2

CaCl 2 .
:
' -2

. 7 -= \ > (

= ( Ca

, ,
f Z K $ u H,

( > \

$8 # .=

.[ Ca 2 + ] f + ( Cl ) .[ Cl ] f

no
= c
V

[ Cl ] f =

= c ( ( Ca

$ p

2 no
= 2c :
V
2+

: 2

+ 2 ( Cl ) )

c = 0,05mol / L = 0,05 10 3 mol / m 3 = 50mol / m 3

== c ( ( Ca

2+

: 2

+ 2 ( Cl ) ) = 50 (11 , 9 + 2 7 , 63 ). 10

KCl K + Cl

x max = no : t

>(

KCl .
:
' -2

. 7 -= \ > (

$ p

/ , .1 (1
: (> 8 G

/ , ,
f Z K $ u H,

( > \

$8 # .=
:

[K
[K

] f = [ Cl

] f = c : 721

no
= c
V
n
= o =c
V

]f =

[ Cl ] f

: 2
:

== c ( ( K ) + ( Cl ) )
+

:.

= 0 , 658 S .m 1

...................................................................................................................................... 8#
+

c = 10 2 mol / L = 10 2 10 3 mol / m 3 = 10mol / m 3

: 2

:.

== c(( K ) + (Cl ) ) = 50(74 + 76,3).10 4 0,75 S .m 1

+

...............................................**.................................................................................... 9#

$ p

S
1
1
= .K : 721 G = = . = .K
R
R
L
1
1
1
K = 2,984m : K =
=
= 2,984m : Q= 721
= 1 . K : 2 1#
1 .R1 0,118 2,84
R1
1
1
1
2 =
=
= 0,12 S .m 1 : 721
= 2 .K : 2 (2)
K .R2 2,79 2,984
R2

( 1)

2 = c 2 : 2 = (( Na ) + ( HO ) ).c 2 :
+

( Na + + HO )

2>\K

3 = 0,04S .m 1 3 = c3 . = c3 .

= 0,12.

c2

10 3
= 0,04 S .m 1 : u H
5.10 3

G1
1,85.10 3 ( S )
=
2,3.10 3 mol / L : 721
1
0,8 0,8.( S .L.mol )

c1 =

/ 2 , (2
1

1 (3

: t 721

c2

/ 2 ,

$ p

G = .c : c D1 $Ov K 2 G OY > /> c a , G $ < ([ H \ 2 2 ( 1

G
2.10 3 0
=
=
= 0,8S .L.mol 1 : 7G ( 1 . +Y 1 -2 , K 2 ( 1 .1
3
c 2,5.10 0
G = 0,8.c
:
p/
(1) +.

( 1)

G2

(1

/ 2 ,

1 H 3

..................................................................................................................................... 10#

c2 =

: 2

G1 = 0,8.c1 : (1)

/ 2 ,

3,16.103
U
1 I 2,53.103
= 3,95.103 mol/ L G2 = .c 2 2 G2 =
= =
3,16.103 S / m : R2 =
: 2 (2
0,8
R2 U
0,8
I

...................................................................................................................... 11

Na 2 SO4 2 Na + SO4
(1
************************************************************************************************************************
= Na + . Na + + SO 2 SO4 2 (2

Na 2 SO4 2 Na + SO4
0
2 x max

no
no x max

x max = no
2

[SO ] = nV

= c 2 Na + SO
+

=c
2

) :

:
(> .1

' /
' -2

0
xmax
no x max :

= K$1 , .1 # .=

Na 2 SO4 ,

[Na ] = 2. nV
+

= Na 2.c + SO
+

2
4

= 2c : 721

c = c 2 Na + + SO 2
4

*************************************************************************************************************************
L
10 2
S
= G. = 650.10 6. 4 = 0,065S .m 1

G =
: 2 (3
S
L
10
**********************************************************************************************
: U5

2. Na + + SO 2 =
4

= c 2 Na + SO
+

2
4

): * 2! 2V

(4

0,065
2 5,01.10 3 16.10 3 S .m 2 .mol 1
4
c
2,5
..

SO

2 Na + =

SBIRO Abdelkrim Lyce agricole dOulad-Taima rgion dAgadir royaume du Maroc

Pour toute observation contactez moi
Sbiabdou@yahoo.fr
.k
. # w = # ' > p
1 = 2 a