AES125 Presentation Loudspeaker Directivity Improvements With Filtering

Excelsior Audio Design
& Services
125
th
AESConvention
SanFrancisco,October2008
L d k Di ti it I t LoudspeakerDirectivityImprovement
UsingLowPassandAllPassFilters
EASESpeakerLab
2008ExcelsiorAudioDesign
&Services,LLC
1 LoudspeakerDirectivityImprovementsUsingLowPass&AllPassFilters
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125
th
AESConvention
Example Loudspeaker System ExampleLoudspeakerSystem
d
r
d
For models and graphs Formodelsandgraphs
LFdrivers:250mm(10inches) HFhorndimension:64mm(2.5inches)
d=170mm(6.75inches),r=20m(65.5feet)
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Omnidirectionalpointsourcesareusedinthemodels
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AESConvention
Vertical DirectivityMap TwoLFDrivers y p
Polargraph 1/3octave
500Hzand1,000Hz
Frequencyresponse
at60 offaxis
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125
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AESConvention
Lowestfrequencynullatagivenangle
[ ] [ ]
1
2
1
2 2
2
1
2 2
) sin ( ) cos ( ) sin ( ) cos (
2
1

+ + + = r d r r d r c f
x
q y g g
2

r
r
2
d
r
1
d
IfthisfrequencyiswithinthepassbandoftheLF
drivers(i.e.belowthecrossoverfrequency),the
outputfromoneofthedriversmustbeattenuated
inordertominimizethecombfiltering.
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Alowpassfiltermaybeusedtoaccomplishthis.
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125
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AESConvention
Crossover:1.2kHz
4
th
orderLinkwitzRiley
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Frequencyresponseonaxis
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125
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AESConvention
BothLFdriversactive
Crossover:1.2kHz
4
th
orderLinkwitzRileyy
OneLFdriveractive
(onemuted)
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125
th
AESConvention
Determining Low Pass Filter Parameters DeterminingLowPassFilterParameters
c
f
2 1
360 r r
f
[ ]
2
1
2 2
1
) sin ( ) cos ( r d r r + + = [ ]
2
1
2 2
2
) sin ( ) cos ( r d r r + =
Usedtodeterminethefrequencyofanyarbitraryphasedifferencebetweenthe
twoLFdriversforagivendriverspacing,offaxisangleandobservationdistance
Belowf
120
thereisonlyconstructiveinterference
Abovef
120
thereisbothconstructive&destructiveinterference(combfiltering)
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Atf
180
thereismaximumcancellation
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125
th
AESConvention
Determining Low Pass Filter Parameters DeterminingLowPassFilterParameters
axis Roff
P
P

+ 1
1

=
180 T
P
P
axis Roff
ff
P P

=
1
2
1
=
0 T
axis Roff
P
P
Ratiooftheoffaxispressurewhere
thereismaximumcancellationto RequiredpressureratiooftheindividualLF
theonaxispressure
q p
driversgiventhedesiredoffaxispressureratio
PerformanceCriterion
LevelofP
Roffaxis
shouldbenogreaterthan1dBP
Roffaxis
=10^(1/20)=0.8913
A 4
th
order low pass filter with a cut off frequency of approximately
P
1
/P
2
=17.39 20*log(17.39)=24.8dB
TheleveldifferencebetweenthetwoLFdriversatf
180
shouldbe24.8dB
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A4
th
orderlowpassfilterwithacutofffrequencyofapproximately
f
90
,oneoctavebelowf
180
,maybeusedtoyieldthisattenuation
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125
th
AESConvention
160,200and250Hz
Crossover:1.2kHz
4
th
orderLinkwitzRiley
LPFononeLFdriver:250Hz
4
th
orderLinkwitzRiley
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AESConvention
Crossover:1.2kHz
4
th
orderLinkwitzRiley
LPF on one LF driver: 250 Hz LPFononeLFdriver:250Hz
4
th
orderLinkwitzRiley
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125
th
AESConvention
Phase Compensation PhaseCompensation
1
G
H2
HF
1
G
LF
2
In
G
L1
G
L2
LF
1
1
isanAllPassfilterwiththesamephaseresponseasG
L1
(Phaseshiftbutwithflatmagnituderesponse)
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125
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AESConvention
500Hzand315Hz(with&w/ofiltering)
Crossover:1.2kHz
4
th
orderLinkwitzRiley
4
th
orderLinkwitzRiley
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APFonotherLFdriver:250Hz
2
nd
orderButterworth
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th
AESConvention
Crossover:1.2kHz
4
th
order LinkwitzRiley 4 orderLinkwitzRiley
4
th
orderLinkwitzRiley
APF on other LF driver: 250 Hz APFonotherLFdriver:250Hz
2
nd
orderButterworth
Crossover:1.2kHz
4
th
orderLinkwitzRiley
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125
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AESConvention
Polargraph
1/3octave,1.25kHz
(crossoverregion)
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AESConvention
DetrimentalEffects
Phaseresponse
CrossoverandLow
/ Pass/AllPassFilters
CrossoverOnly
Impulseresponse
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AESConvention
Real Loudspeaker System RealLoudspeakerSystem
DesirabletohavethedirectivityresponseoftheLFpassbandmatchthatof
the HF pass band. theHFpassband.
CarefulspacingoftheLFdriversandchoiceoftheLP/APfilterfrequencycan
helpextenddirectivitycontrolbelowthecrossoverfrequency.
axis Roff
P
P

+ 1
1
5 0
180
= =
T
P
P
(-6dB)
axis Roff
ff
P P

=
1
2
1
5 . 0
0
= =
T
axis Roff
P
P
(-6 dB)
P1/P2=3.01 20*log(3.01)=9.6dB
TheleveldifferencebetweenthetwoLFdriversatf
180
shouldbe9.6dB
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125
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AESConvention
A4
th
orderLinkwitzRileylowpassfilterhasanattenuationof9.6dBata
frequency approximately 1.19 times its cutoff frequency, f . frequencyapproximately1.19timesitscut offfrequency,f
c
.
ReducetheLP/APfiltersf
c
byareciprocalamount,0.84.Theoriginalf
c
will
nowhaveanattenuationof9.6dB.
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125
th
AESConvention
VerticalDirectivityMap
HFhornonly
Beamwidth
(6dBangles)
60
rangesfrom
50 70
c
f
[ ]
2
1
2 2
1
) sin ( ) cos ( r d r r + + =
For = 30 and = 180 f
180
= 1 000 Hz f = 840 Hz
2 1
360 r r
f
[ ]
1
[ ]
2
1
2 2
2
) sin ( ) cos ( r d r r + =
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For 30 and 180 f
180
1,000Hz f
c
840Hz
Lowered1/6octavef
c
=750Hz
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AESConvention
Crossover:1.2kHz
4
th
orderLinkwitzRiley
4
th
orderLinkwitzRiley
APFonotherLFdriver:750Hz
2
nd
orderButterworth
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125
th
AESConvention
Polargraph
1/3octave,800Hz
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AES125 Presentation Loudspeaker Directivity Improvements With Filtering

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