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OSI !odel

OSI means Open System Interconnect model. Developed by the International Organization for Standardization in 1974. It consists of seven layers. Each layer has a different b t specific processing f nction.

OSI !odel 'ayers

'ayer ) 7 'ayer ) * 'ayer ) + 'ayer ) 4 'ayer ) , 'ayer ) 'ayer ) 1

"pplication "pplication #resentation #resentation Session Session $ransport $ransport &et(or% &et(or% Data Data 'in% 'in% #hysical #hysical

"dvice .pper 'ayer #erson or Soft(are 'ayer Sales /eart of OSI $a%e &ot 'o(er 'ayer Do or /ard(are 'ayer #lease

"pplication 'ayer

"pplication "pplication "pplication "pplication #resentation #resentation Session Session $ransport $ransport &et(or% &et(or% Data Data 'in% 'in% #hysical #hysical

"pplication 'ayer is responsible for providing &et(or%ing Services to ser. It also %no(n as Des%top 'ayer. Identification of Services is done sing #ort & mbers. #orts are nothing b t Soc%et i.e. Entry and E0it #oint to the 'ayer $otal &o. #orts 1 2 *++,+ 3eserved #orts 1 2 11-, Open #orts 11-4 2 *++,+

E0ample of /$$# re4 est

http://www.zoomgroup.com

5lient

6eb Server

E0ample of /$$# re4 est

/$$# 3e4 est 3eceived /$$# 3eply http788 (((.zoomgro p.com p.com http788(((.zoomgro 6ebpage

/$$# 3e4 est 'isten on #ort 91 Sending /$$# 3eply 6ebpage

5lient

6eb Server

E0ample of :$# re4 est

ftp://ftp.microsoft.com

5lient

:$# Server

E0ample of :$# re4 est

:$# 3e4 est 3eceived :$# 3eply ftp788ftp.microsoft.com ftp788ftp.microsoft.com

:$# 3e4 est 'isten on #ort -1 Sending :$# 3eply

5lient

:$# Server

E0amples of &et(or%ing Services Service /$$# :$# S!$# $E'&E$ $:$# #ort &o. 91 -1 -+ -, *9

/o( data flo(s from "pplication 'ayer

"pplication "pplication
91 -1 -+ +, *7 *9

Data

#resentation #resentation Session Session $ransport $ransport &et(or% &et(or% Data Data 'in% 'in% #hysical #hysical

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#resentation 'ayer

"pplication "pplication #resentation #resentation #resentation #resentation Session Session $ransport $ransport &et(or% &et(or% Data Data 'in% 'in% #hysical #hysical

#resentation 'ayer is responsible for converting data into standard format. E0amples 7 "S5II; E<5DI5; =#E>; !#E>; <!#; !IDI; 6"?; !#, :ollo(ing tas%s are perform at #resentation layer 7 Encoding 2 Decoding Encryption 2 Decryption 5ompression 2 Decompression

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/o( data flo(s from #resentation 'ayer

"pplication "pplication #resentation #resentation Session Session $ransport $ransport &et(or% &et(or% Data Data 'in% 'in% #hysical #hysical

Data Data

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Session 'ayer

"pplication "pplication #resentation #resentation Session Session Session $ransport $ransport &et(or% &et(or% Data Data 'in% 'in% #hysical #hysical

Session 'ayer is responsible establishing; maintaining and terminating session. Session ID also (or%s at Session 'ayer. E0amples 7 3#5 3emote #roced re 5all S@' Str ct red @ ery lang age &:S &et(or% :ile System

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/o( data flo(s from Session 'ayer

"pplication "pplication #resentation #resentation Session Session $ransport $ransport &et(or% &et(or% Data Data 'in% 'in% #hysical #hysical

Data Data Data

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$ransport 'ayer

"pplication "pplication #resentation #resentation Session Session $ransport $ransport $ransport $ransport &et(or% &et(or% Data Data 'in% 'in% #hysical #hysical

$ransport 'ayer is responsible for end)to)end connectivity. It is also %no(n as heart of OSI 'ayers. :ollo(ing tas% are performed at $ransport 'ayer 7 ) Identifying Service ! ltiple0ing A De)m ltiple0ing Segmentation Se4 encing A 3eassembling :lo( 5ontrol Error 5orrection

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Identifying Service

$5# $ransmission 5ontrol #rotocol 5onnection Oriented "c%no(ledgement 3eliable Slo(er #ort &o. * e.g. /$$#; :$#; S!$#

.D# .ser Datagram #rotocol 5onnection 'ess &o "c%no(ledgement .nreliable :aster #ort &o. 17 e.g. D&S; D/5#; $:$#

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! ltiple0ing A De)m ltiple0ing

"pplication "pplication #resentation #resentation Session Session

91 -1 -+ +, *7 *9

$ransport $ransport
$5# ) * .D# ) 17

&et(or% &et(or% Data Data 'in% 'in% #hysical #hysical

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Segmentation

/elloB /o( are yo C /elloB /o( are yo C/elloB /o( "re Do C

"

<

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Se4 encing A 3eassembling

yo /elloB /elloB /o(/o( are C yo C Do /elloB "re /elloB /o( are /o( C yo C Do /o( Do C "re /elloB /elloB C are /o( "re

"

<

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Se4 encing A 3eassembling

/elloB /elloB /o( are yo C /elloB /o( are /o( are yo C /elloB /o( "re Do C yo C
18+ -8+ ,8+ 48+ +8+

Do

48+

/elloB /o(
18+ -8+

+8+

"re
,8+

"

<

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Error 5orrection

Segment !issing /elloB /elloB /o( are yo C /elloB /o( are /o( are yo C /elloB /o( "re Do C yo C
18+ -8+ ,8+ 48+ +8+

Do

48+

/elloB /o(
18+ -8+

+8+

"re
,8+

"

<

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:lo( 5ontrol ) 6indo(ing

"c%)3ec) "c%. Sending , 3eceived) ,)(indo( Sending 4 +)(indo(

#5)" #5)" 3eceived can can send send 4 4 Segment Segment ,)(indo( 4)(indo( at at a a time time to to #5)< #5)<
<

"

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/o( data flo(s from $ransport 'ayer

"pplication "pplication #resentation #resentation Session Session $ransport $ransport &et(or% &et(or% Data Data 'in% 'in% #hysical #hysical

Data Data Data $/ Segment Data

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&et(or% 'ayer

"pplication "pplication #resentation #resentation Session Session $ransport $ransport &et(or% &et(or% &et(or% &et(or% Data Data 'in% 'in% #hysical #hysical

&et(or% 'ayer is responsible for providing best path to data to reach destination. 'ogical "ddressing sits on this layer. Device (or%ing on &et(or% 'ayer is 3o ter. It is divided into t(o parts 3o ted #rotocols e.g. I#; I#E; "pple $al%. 3o ting #rotocols e.g. 3I#; I>3#; OS#:; EI>3#

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3o ted #rotocols

Segment

/elloB /o( are yo C

So rce I# 19-.1*9.1.1 Destination Segment I# 19-.1*9.1.-

/elloB /o( are yo C

"

<

19-.1*9.1.1

19-.1*9.1.-

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3o ting #rotocols

(((.zoomgro p.com

"

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/o( data flo(s from &et(or% 'ayer

"pplication "pplication #resentation #resentation Session Session e.g. 3o ter $ransport $ransport &et(or% &et(or% Data Data 'in% 'in% #hysical #hysical

Data Data Data Segment

Segment #ac%et &/

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Datalin% 'ayer

"pplication "pplication #resentation #resentation Session Session $ransport $ransport &et(or% &et(or% Data Data 'in% Data 'in% Data'in% 'in% #hysical #hysical

Datalin% 'ayer is divided into t(o S b 'ayers 7 ''5 2 'ogical 'in% 5ontrol It tal%s abo t 6an protocols e.g. ###; /D'5; :rame)relay !"5 2 !edia "ccess 5ontrol It tal%s abo t #hysical "ddress. It is 49 bit "ddressing i.e. 1- digit /e0adecimal &o. It is also responsible for Error Detection Device (or%ing on Data 'in% 'ayer is S(itch; <ridge; &I5.

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Error Detection 2 535 5hec%

/elloB /o( are yo C

"

:or :or Error Error 5orrection 5orrection 5ontact 5ontact So So rce rce $ransport $ransport layer layer

#5)" #5)" 535 535 &o. &o. ,,,,, ,,,,, #5)< #5)< So rce !"5 11)-1)19)51)17)71 535 &o. 535 &o. 11114 11114 Error ,,,,, 11114 4*,-, 994,4 4,4,4 99,-, ++4,4 99*9* ----,-4,4 11111 Detected Destination !"5 #ac%et Error Detected 11)-1)19)51)17)7Error Detected

#ac%et

<

19-.1*9.1.1 11)-1)19)51)17)71

19-.1*9.1.11)-1)19)51)17)7-

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Error Detection 2 535 5hec%

#ac%et

So rce !"5 11)-1)19)51)17)71 Destination #ac%et !"5 11)-1)19)51)17)7-

/elloB /o( are yo C

-1-111114 4*,-, 994,4 4,4,4 99,-, ++4,4 99*9* ----,-4,4 11111

"

<

19-.1*9.1.1 11)-1)19)51)17)71

19-.1*9.1.11)-1)19)51)17)7-

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/o( data flo(s from Data 'in% 'ayer

"pplication "pplication #resentation #resentation Session Session $ransport $ransport e.g. S(itch &et(or% &et(or% Data Data 'in% 'in% #hysical #hysical

Data Data Data Segment #ac%et

#ac%et D$ D/ :rame

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#hysical 'ayer

"pplication "pplication #resentation #resentation Session Session $ransport $ransport &et(or% &et(or% Data Data 'in% 'in% #hysical #hysical #hysical #hysical

#hysical 'ayer is responsible for electrical; mechanical or proced ral chec%s. Data (ill be converted in <inary that is 1Fs A 1Fs. Data (ill be in the form of electrical p lses if it is 5oa0ial or $(isted #air cable and in the form of 'ight if it is :iber Optic 5able. Devices (or%ing at #hysical 'ayer are / bs; 3epeaters; 5ables; !odems etc.

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#hysical 'ayer E0ample

:rame

/elloB /o( are yo C

1111111111111111
:rame

"

1111111111111111111111111 1111111111111111111111111

<

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/o( data flo(s from #hysical 'ayer

"pplication "pplication #resentation #resentation Session Session $ransport $ransport &et(or% &et(or% e.g. / b Data Data 'in% 'in% #hysical #hysical

Data Data Data Segment #ac%et :rame <its

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Data Encaps lation A De)caps lation

"
"pplication "pplication #resentation #resentation Session Session $ransport $ransport &et(or% &et(or% Data Data'in% 'in% #hysical #hysical
Data Data

<
"pplication "pplication #resentation #resentation Session Session $/ $ransport $ransport &et(or% &/ &et(or% D/ D$ Data'in% 'in% Data #hysical #hysical

Data

Data

Data

Data Segment Data $/ #ac%et Segment &/ #ac%et D/ #ac%et D$:rame <its

$/ Data Segment
#ac%et Segment &/ #ac%et D/:rame D$ <its

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5omparing OSI (ith $5#8I# 'ayers

OSI 'ayers "pplication "pplication #resentation #resentation Session Session $ransport $ransport &et(or% &et(or% Data Data 'in% 'in% #hysical #hysical

$5#8I# 'ayers

"pplication "pplication

$ransport $ransport Internet Internet &et(or% &et(or% "ccess "ccess

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37

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ftp://ftp.microsoft.com

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$icroso t Windo"s 2000 %Version 5.00.2195& '() (o!yri*+t 1985,2000 $icroso t (or!. (#-. telnet 192.168.1.150 (onnectin* ..... ================================ Welcome to Hyderabad Router ================================ User Access Veri ication !ass"ord #

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http://www.microsoft.com

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http://mail.yahoo.com

xyz@yahoo.com

xyz ******

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