UNDER WATER TURBINES

OCEAN CURRENTS
RESULTS FROM
Wind Solar heating Density and salinity variations of water

POTENTIAL
Currents are continuous Predictability Water is more than 800 times denser than air Potentially large resource can be exploited

This enormous amount of energy that can be captured and converted using UNDER WATER SEA TURBINES

TYPES OF SEA TURBINES

HORIZONTAL VERTICAL VENTURI HELICAL ARCHIMEDES SCREW TIDAL KITE

VERTICAL

HORIZONTAL

Extract energy from the tides in a similar manner to that of wind turbine The tidal stream causes the rotors to rotate around the vertical axis and generate power

VENTURI
A duct which concentrates the tidal flow passing through the turbine Creates low pressure behind the turbine Increase the flow velocity across the turbine by 3 to 4 times 1.15 to 4 times higher power output

GORLOV HELICAL TURBINE

Working principle Helical twist of the blades solves pulsatory torque issues Evenly distributing the foil sections, so there is always a foil section at every possible angle of attack Efficiency 35% (under testing conditions)

ARCHIMEDES SCREW
The Archimedean Screw Turbine is the same as Archimedes screw pump but in reverse

Rotational energy can then be extracted by an electrical generator

Implemented in river Thames

TIDAL KITE
A tidal kite is tethered to the sea bed and carries a turbine below the wing

The kite flies in the tidal stream, swooping in a figure-of-eight shape (predefined)
Kite moves at speeds of up to ten times that of the flow of water

Parts of a KITE :
(1)wing (2)nacelle (3)turbine (4)struts and tether (5)rudder (6)servo system in the rear cone

ADVANTAGES:
No tower is needed Low maintenance cost Small and low weight Gearless turbine - generator system Minimum environmental impact

WORLD LARGEST SEA TURBINE SeaGen in Northern Ireland

Generates 1.2 megawatt of electric power
Has been providing power to approx 1500 households

POTENTIAL SITES

Project of 3.75 MW in Sunderbans, West Bengal The National Hydro Power Corporation Ltd. (NHPC) is executing the project

ADVANTAGES
Higher density of water overcomes low velocity Generate clean power from rivers without dams No stress on land No emissions

LIMITATIONS
Impact on marine life Installation and maintenance more difficult

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