Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
Training items 1. 2. 3. 4. ALplus2 SCT or WEBLCT console WEB LCT commands Link configuration
ALplus2/ALCPLUS2
IDU
ALplus2 (modular)
ALplus2/ALCPLUS2
ODU
ALplus2/ALCPLUS2
ALplus2 Connectors
STM1 (1+0/1+1) LAN 2 LAN 3 16 E1 75/120 ODU cable
LAN 1
-48Vdc
RIM 1
LIM
NURG URG SW
USB
RS232
Service channels
RIM 2
ALplus2/ALCPLUS2
ALCplus2 Connectors
Alarm LEDs: STM1 (1+0/1+1/2+0) Nodal bus
URG, NURG, SW, TEST, power ON
16 E1 75/120 LAN 2, 4
LAN 1, 3 RJ45 management Power supply Fuse LAN 3, 4 (optical) USB ODU cable
2 E1 75/120
ALplus2/ALCPLUS2
Connection to equipment
LAN using an internet browser with the MNGT port
address
ALplus2/ALCPLUS2
SCT
ALplus2/ALCPLUS2
WEBLCT console
ALplus2/ALCPLUS2
Management ports
1/2
Traffic ethernet ports can be used for management (in a separated VLAN)
Management ports
2/2
WEB LCT
WEB LCT main menu is similar to SCT Equipment menu. SCT: Equipment menu
In order to have the whole link in one page only, local equipment is declared managed by SCT, remote one is declared remote link. Opposite configuration on remote side.
172.18.81.20 WEBLCT
172.18.81.22 WEBLCT
Local
ALplus2/ALCPLUS2
172.18.81.20 172.18.81.22
13
Status display
TDM ethernet capacity capacity connection
Tx and Rx power
14
ALplus2/ALCPLUS2
15
IDU Configuration
Link configuration
Controller substitution
When a new Controller is mounted, download the backup configuration file before pushing the Apply configuration button
RED: when there is a mismatch between working configuration and Controller configuration
ALplus2/ALCPLUS2
17
STM1 synchronisation
Under developement
ALplus2/ALCPLUS2
18
ACM setting
Radio capacity:
Ethernet Permanent TDM (high priority E1) Extra TDM (low priority E1)
Downshift (from 256QAM to 4QAM): the modulation complexity and the radio capacity decrease. Upshift (from 4QAM to 256QAM): the modulation complexity and the radio capacity increase. For each modulation profile the number of extra TDM (and then the Ethernet bitrate) can be set. ALplus2/ALCPLUS2 19
ALplus2/ALCPLUS2
20
1/2
In ALplus2/ALCplus2 radio family uses Adaptive Code and Modulation (ACM) in order to employ the correct modulation profile depending on the Rx signal quality. Available ACM profiles are the following: 4QAM strong These profiles operate in an RF channel with the following 4QAM bandwidth: 8 PSK 7 MHz 16 QAM 14 MHz 32 QAM ODU passaband filters 64QAM 28 MHz 128QAM 56 MHz 256 QAM
ACM switching
The usage of the previous modulation profiles in a fixed channel bandwidth results in a variable capacity. The criteria defining the necessity of an ACM switching, upshift or downshift, is the Rx S/N ratio. Upshift When there is an increase of received S/N, within the same Channel Spacing, the modulation complexity is increased in the direction from 4QAM strong to 256QAM increasing the spectral efficiency Downshift When there is a decrease of received S/N, within the same Channel Spacing, the modulation is reduced in the direction from 256QAM to 4QAM strong reducing the spectral efficiency,
ALplus2/ALCPLUS2
21
2/2
The ACM can vary modulation profiles between two extremes defined by the operator through software configuration: Upper Modulation and Lower Modulation. Upper Modulation When propagation into the given radio channel is in the better condition (high Rx S/N), the radio link is working at the maximum throughput defined at Upper Modulation: the highest modulation profile that ACM can employ Lower modulation When propagation into the given radio channel is in the worst condition (low Rx S/N), the radio link is working at the minimum throughput, defined at Lower Modulation: the lowest modulation profile that ACM can employ
Tx Power mode
Tx power mode can be set as Constant Peak or Constant Average (constant bolometer measurement). Constant Peak Tx power is at maximum at 4QAM and at 256QAM is reduced (typical 4.5 dB) so the RF Tx amplifier can operate in better linear conditions Constant Average Tx power is the same at any modulation.
The Tx Power mode is set depending on the modulation license of the user With Constant Average Tx power (Tx Power Constant Peak Mode = Disable), the Tx power at 4QAM and any other modulation is the same, so if Upper Modulation is 256QAM the output power at any modulation is the same of 256QAM which is 4.5 dB less than 4QAM. The result is that enabling 256QAM is a big advantage for traffic but less link budget margin at 4QAM.
ALplus2/ALCPLUS2
22
Power profile
dBm
AS13
13GHz
4QAM 8PSK
Average
In Average the Max Pout is the Max Pout of the upper mod (23dBm @ 256 QAM) and is the same at any profile
ALplus2/ALCPLUS2
24
ALplus2/ALCPLUS2
25
ALplus2/ALCPLUS2
26
ALplus2/ALCPLUS2
27
ALplus2/ALCPLUS2
28
Max Capacity
RF Bandwidth 7MHz 14MHz 28MHz 56MHz
ALplus2/ALCPLUS2
29
Radio Throughput E1 90 80 80 70 70 60 60 50 Max E1 50 40 40 30 30 20 10 10 0 7 MHz 14 MHz 28 MHz ALplus2/ALCPLUS2 Channel Bandwith 56 MHz 4 5 7 12 17 20 14 8 10 20 25 15 17 20 35 30 40 34 40 60 4QAMst 4QAM 8PSK 16QAM 32QAM 64QAM 128QAM 256QAM 80 80 80 80 80
30
General Preset
Rx Power Low alarm threshold
Local Tx switch in case both Remote Rx are alarmed: if remote Rx are alarmed for more than 10 sec in one minute, on local side Tx switch is performed and a Tx Fail alarm is active (to reset manually)
Link name
ALplus2/ALCPLUS2 31
Tributary traffic
E1
- Permanent (high priority) - Extra (low priority)
STM-1
- STM-1 1+0 - STM-1 1+1
ALplus2/ALCPLUS2 32
E1 Tributaries
RIGHT: E1 loop Radio side
Enable/Disable
Line side Radio side
E1 name
alarms
ALplus2/ALCPLUS2
33
Bit rate = 155,52 Mbit/s , Frame Period = 125s (rec. G.707) Byte matrix: 9 lines and 270 columns byte is on the left of the top line ) Every Byte is 64 Kbit/s channel STM-1 frame has a payload big enough for 1 E4 (140 Mbit/s) or 3 E3 (3 x 34 Mbit/s) or 63 E1 (63 x 2 Mbit/s) row by row transmission (first
STM-1 Frame
ALplus2/ALCPLUS2 34
SOH
RSOH
First 9 bytes of all the lines represent SOH (Section Overhead), made up by RSOH and MSOH separated by 9 bytes of AUOH (AU pointer) 64Kbit/s
ALplus2/ALCPLUS2
MSOH
35
ALplus2/ALCPLUS2
36
ALplus2/ALCPLUS2
37
Path overhead
The Virtual Container is made up by path overhead and relevant container: VC = POH + C VC path overhead allows BER extimations, alarm and trouble information, multiplation indication. Depending on C, 2 different POH exist:
RSOH AUOH H1 H1 H1 H2 H2 H2 H3 H3 H3
ALplus2/ALCPLUS2
Payload
MSOH
39
AU pointer
First 6 bytes of AUOH contain: the pointer to position of VC first byte, the AU and the New Data Flag (it informs there are new data). This is why AUOH is called POINTER
bit
NDF
n AU
POINTER
Byte H1
Administrative Unit = AUOH + VC AU4 = AUOH + VC4 ALplus2/ALCPLUS2
Byte H2
40
RSOH
AU4 POINTER
9 lines
MSOH
ALplus2/ALCPLUS2
41
TU and TUG
TU, Tributary Unit, is made up by VC and overhead TUOH placed in a fixed position relevant to POH of higher order VC (where TU is placed) In TUOH there are
- A pointer towards VC frame start - Stuffing bytes
42
STM-1 & C4
ALplus2/ALCPLUS2
43
SOH
AU pointer
POH
STM-1 & E1
POH Justification
ALplus2/ALCPLUS2
E1
45
E1
C12
VC12
TU12 x3 TUG21
STM-1
x7 TUG3 x3
AU4
VC4
STM-1 Tributaries
Line alarms Enable/Disable
J0 Path trace
ALplus2/ALCPLUS2 47
ALplus2/ALCPLUS2
48
VC4
VC4 alarms
J1 Path trace
ALplus2/ALCPLUS2
49
Excessive Degraded
ALplus2/ALCPLUS2
50
VC-12
Tug-3 = 1 Tug-2 = 7 VC-12 = 3
VC-12 1-7-3
ALplus2/ALCPLUS2
51
Synchronisation
only if STM-1 is enabled
Under timeout
Synchronisation source has to be selected among the three possibilities: STM-1, Radio link and E1 Priority for each source has to be set
ALplus2/ALCPLUS2
High
Low
52
Ethernet traffic
Packet frame Level 2 and Level 3 VLAN Priority (Qos and PoS) LLF
ALplus2/ALCPLUS2
53
Pre.
S D
DSAP
SSAP
len
Dati (LLC!PDU)
pa"
CS
From 64 to 1518 Byte without tag Frame Check Sequence Start Frame Delimiter
Switch at Layer 2
MAC switching: destination local = discarded; destination known = sent to the port; destination unknown = sent to all the ports; MAC Address learning MAC Address ageing Auto negotiation : port speed, duplex-mode. MDI/MDIX crossover Layer 2 Flow Control / Back Pressure
ALplus2/ALCPLUS2
55
Ethernet switch
Max packet size
Life of addresses in the MAC address table Packet output queue depending on packet 802.1p priority Queue emptying policy
- 8421 WRR: 8 packets with queue 3, then 4 with queue 2, then 2 with queue 1 and then 1 with queue 0. - Strict priority: a packet can go out only if the upper priority queue is empty
QinQ 91 00: field to add (the same on local and on remote switch) in case of double tag. This field is add after the Destination Address in the overhead before the transmission and is deleted by the switch on the other side as soon as it has been received. The Double tag is the default tag of each external input port
ALplus2/ALCPLUS2
- Strict 3: all queue 3 packets can go out, after them all the other using 8421WRR policy - Strict 3 and 2: all queue 3 and 2 packets can go out strictly, after them all the other using 8421WRR policy WRR= Weighted Round Robin mode
56
Local
CONNECTION EXAMPLES
Remote
NO VLAN NO VLAN A L _E T H A L _E T H PC2
PC4 PC6
PC1
PC3 PC5
PC1 PC3
NO VLAN NO VLAN
1 V L A N 4 001 2
NO VLAN NO VLAN
A L _E T H
V L A N 4 002
A L _E T H
2
PC2 PC4
PC1 PC3
NO VLAN A L _E T H
A L _E T H
V L A N 4004
PC2 PC4
PC1 with PC2 and PC3 with PC4 with one external switch. Example3
V L A N 4 005 V L A N 4 005
V L A N 4005
A L _E T H PC1
A L _E T H PC2
57
TAG composition
1 VLAN TAG
ALplus2/ALCPLUS2
58
ALplus2/ALCPLUS2
59
VLAN
VLAN can be used to route packets through local and remote switch. If VLAN are not used, Lan per port assignment is used port by port
VLAN 720 doesnt transit through port 1 VLAN 720 exits through port 1 untagged
VLAN 720 exits through port 1, with the same tag it has at input (unmodified)
Port 1
Port 2
Port 3
RadioPort
ALplus2/ALCPLUS2
VLAN map
62
ALplus2/ALCPLUS2
64
ALplus2/ALCPLUS2
65
ALplus2/ALCPLUS2
66
Priority
802.1p
Priority management can be defined port by port: in this example, despite general rules, LAN1 does not consider priority!
General rules: Priority queues are set for all the ports
ALplus2/ALCPLUS2
IpTOS
67
Quality of Service
Better service to selected network traffic Different service classes based on the identity of the customer or the type of application Different service levels or to ensure service quality for timecritical traffic such as voice or video. IEEE 802.1p QoS (Layer 2- Quality of Service): 3 bit of the TAG. IP-V4 ToS (Layer 3- Type of Service): 6 bit of the TOS (D.S.C.P.) - see next slide QoS at level 2, at level 3 or at both
ALplus2/ALCPLUS2
68
ALplus2/ALCPLUS2
69
LLF
ALplus2/ALCPLUS2
71
LAN PORT
Ethernet synch.
LAN cable
From 64Kb to Full Rate
Auto Negotiation
ALplus2/ALCPLUS2
72
Spanning tree
edge/no edge
Each port must be assigned to Bridge1 or Bridge2, every equipment crossed by a packet increases of 1 sec the max age of the packet
The Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) is a link layer protocol that ensures a loop-free topology for any bridged LAN.
MAC address & priority Standard STP or rapid RSTP STP params
ALplus2/ALCPLUS2
74
STP parameters
Hello time: from 2 to 10 sec, is the period between two BPDU packets Forward Delay: the time for a status change (blocking learning, learning forwarding, forwarding blocking). In this way the time requested from blocking to forwarding is twice the Forward Delay (2 status changes)
Max Age: If the incoming packet has a max age bigger than the one here defined, the packet is dropped
ALplus2/ALCPLUS2
75
RSTP parameters
Hello time: from 1 to 10 sec, is the period between two BPDU packets
learning,
learning forwarding, forwarding blocking). In RSTP the time requested from blocking to forwarding between two RSTP ports is the hallo time (RAPID!) instead if the other port is not RSTP, again the time is twice the Forward Delay (2 status changes) Max Age: If the incoming packet has a max age bigger than the one here defined, the packet is dropped
ALplus2/ALCPLUS2 76
Bridge
Bridge1 and 2 have same MAC addr. but can have different priority
00 00 00 1C 00 01
Equipment MAC address, set by SIAE, the same for management and traffic
High
Low
Bridge priority: in case of same value, the smaller MAC addr. elects the router bridge
ALplus2/ALCPLUS2
77
Crossconnection matrix
Tributary Radio crossconnetions Tributary Tributary crossconnections Radio Radio crossconnections
Remember that exist
Permanent E1 (in all ACM profiles) Extra E1 (the first are A and B)
ALplus2/ALCPLUS2
78
Radio capacity
CrossConnect Matrix
Tributary
(Front panel connectors)
Radio-Tributary
CrossConnection is performed with a Drag n Drop of the E1 slot
ALplus2/ALCPLUS2
79
ALplus2/ALCPLUS2
80
Trib.-Trib. crossconnection
ALplus2/ALCPLUS2
81
CrossConnection List
Selection column
ATPC
ALplus2/ALCPLUS2
83
Link configuration
1+0 1+1 hot stand by 1+1 freq. diversity 2+0
ALplus2/ALCPLUS2
84
= Stand-by = Active
1
IDU
IDU
ODU
ODU
Both radios, working at the same frequency, are active in Rx but only one is active in Tx: 1 antenna Branching losses are inserted in link budget 2 antennas Link is in space diversity (and without branching losses) Best performance for d=150 (d=distance between antennas)
ALplus2/ALCPLUS2 85
ODU
1
IDU
ODU All radios, working at different frequencies, are active in Rx and Tx 1 antenna Branching losses are inserted in link budget 2 antennas Link is in space diversity (and without branching losses) = F2HIGH = F2LOW
ALplus2/ALCPLUS2 86
SD management
1. Delete SD files 2. Create Boot SD 3. Create Sw DWL SD 4. Enable automatic restore (all) 5. Enable automatic restore (Data only) 6. Disable automatic restore 7. Enable Not running Sw delete 8. Disable Not running Sw delete 9. Force automatic restore 10. Copy Sw from SD 11. Copy Data to BOOT SD 12. Copy Sw to BOOT SD _________________________
Notes: Sw= Equipment firmwares Data=Configuration Backup file
ALplus2/ALCPLUS2
87
Delete SD Files
Delete all files present in the SD card memory.
ALplus2/ALCPLUS2
88
Create Boot SD
Create folder structures necessary and copy the files (system Version + Backup) from Flash to SD in order to activate the function mirroring of the data. Its a creation HOT because in this way SD memory works holding synchronized the data of backup. SD contains the last update data of the equipment. The utility is to extract the SD from Main Controller Unit damaged, in order to insert it, in an other controller of the same type and to load automatically System Version and Backup in the Flash (function must be enable).
ALplus2/ALCPLUS2 89
Create Sw DWL SD
Create folder structures necessary and copy the files (Only system Version) from Flash to SD in order to have a SD Master copy of the System Version on Flash. Its a creation COLD because after the generation of the copy it doesnt make nothing else. The utility is to extract the SD, in order to insert it, in another controller of the same type and to load automatically the Master copy in the Flash (function must be enable).
ALplus2/ALCPLUS2
90
ALplus2/ALCPLUS2
91
ALplus2/ALCPLUS2
92
ALplus2/ALCPLUS2
93
ALplus2/ALCPLUS2
94
ALplus2/ALCPLUS2
95
ALplus2/ALCPLUS2
96
Copy Sw from SD
Command to force the procedure of loading from SD to Flash (Only for Dwl SD).
ALplus2/ALCPLUS2
97
ALplus2/ALCPLUS2
98
Copy Sw to BOOT SD
Command to copy manually the System Version onto Boot SD.
ALplus2/ALCPLUS2
99
ALplus2/ALCPLUS2
100
ALplus2/ALCPLUS2
101
ALplus2/ALCPLUS2
102
ALplus2/ALCPLUS2
103
ALplus2/ALCPLUS2
104
ALplus2/ALCPLUS2
105
ALplus2/ALCPLUS2
106
ALplus2/ALCPLUS2
107
IDU-ODU cable
ALplus2/ALCPLUS2 Ground
108