HC VIN CNG NGH BU CHNH VIN THNG ---------------------------------------

m V Dn NGHIN CU GII PHP NNG CAO HIU QU S DNG TI NGUYN MNG LI 2G-3G

Chuyn ngnh: K thut in t M s: 60.52.70

TM TT LUN VN THC S

H NI -2012

Lun vn c hon thnh ti: HC VIN CNG NGH BU CHNH VIN THNG

Ngi hng dn khoa hc : PGS. TS. L HU LP

Phn bin 1:

Phn bin 2:

Lun vn s c bo v trc Hi ng chm lun vn thc s ti Hc vin Cng ngh Bu chnh Vin thng Vo lc :. gi . ngy . thng . nm 2012

C th tm hiu lun vn ti: - Th vin ca Hc vin Cng ngh Bu chnh Vin thng

24

KIN NGH CC HNG NGHIN CU TIP THEO

Qua vic phn tch v tnh ton cng nh nh gi kt qu s b ban u v gii php nng cao hiu qu s dng ti nguyn mng li bng MIP, nhn thy nhng u im ca gii php ny, cc hng nghin cu tip theo c th c kin ngh nh sau: 1. M rng nghin cu tnh ton khng ch nng cao hiu qu s dng ti nguyn mng li phn chuyn mch knh CS m cn c cho phn chuyn mch gi PS. 2. Trin khai v tnh ton gii php MIP cho ton b mng Vietnamobile thay v xut 3 vng Pool nh trong lun vn. 3. Tnh ton chi tit thm mt s KPI c ci thin vi gii php MIP nh s lng HO, t l rt cuc gi do HO khng thnh cng,

M U
Ngy nay vi s pht trin vt bc ca khoa hc cng ngh, thng tin di ng tr thnh mt phn khng th thiu ca cuc sng. S thay i nhanh chng t mng di ng 2G ln 3G v 4GLTE i km vi s bng n v s lng cc thu bao s dng dch v di ng trong cc nm gn y. Trc nhng thay i t bin nh vy, vn s dng ti nguyn hin ti ca mng li mt cch ti u nhm gim chi ph u t, tng doanh thu v ang l mt bi ton t ra cho cc nh iu hnh mng trn th gii ni chung v Vit Nam ni ring. Trn c s cng vi s hng dn ca thy L Hu Lp, ti tm hiu, nghin cu v hon thnh lun vn tt nghip vi ti Nghin cu gii php nng cao hiu qu s dng ti nguyn mng li 2G-3G. Ni dung ca lun vn c t chc thnh 3 chng chnh, bao gm: Chng 1 gii thiu v mng li 2G, 3G v vn s dng ti nguyn trong mng li di ng. Chng ny a ra kin trc mng li vi cc node, phn lp mng li v cc giao thc min chuyn mch knh cng vn ti nguyn trong mng li. Chng 2 tp trung vo c s l thuyt ca gii php nng cao hiu qu s dng ti nguyn mng li trn c s nghin cu v l thuyt lu lng, m hnh lu lng v gii php nng cao hiu qu s dng ti nguyn mng li trong 3GPP TS 23.236. Chng 3 xut gii php v tnh ton nng cao hiu qu s dng ti nguyn mng li chuyn mch knh 2G-3G cho mng Vietnmobile v nh gi kt qu t c vi hin trng s dng ti nguyn trong mng.

23

Chng 1 MNG LI 2G, 3G V VN S DNG TI NGUYN

Chng ny tp trung gii thiu v kin trc mng li di ng ca mng 2G-3G, m hnh phn lp v c bit l phn mng li chuyn mch knh v cc giao thc s dng trong n. Vn ti nguyn v vn hiu qu s dng ti nguyn trong mng li CS cng c gii thiu v cp. Trong kin trc mng hin i, vic trin khai mng c th c phn loi mt cch tng i l tch hp theo chiu dc hoc theo chiu ngang. Trong tn ti ngy nay c nhiu mng c c th c m t l "tch hp theo chiu dc". Mng tch hp theo chiu dc c ti u ha cho mt loi dch v c th v thng cung cp mt dch v duy nht, hoc thit lp mt lot cc dch v lin quan nhau. PSTN v PLMN l nhng v d ca cc mng tch hp theo chiu dc. S hi t nhanh chng ca cng ngh vin thng v Datacom dn n s tch hp ca cc mng dc vo cc mng a dch v cung cp truyn thng thi gian thc v cc loi dch v khc mt cch ng tin cy. n gin ha thit k mng li v cho php nng cp d dng khi cc cng ngh mi c thng mi ha, mng chuyn mch mm - softswitch m ra mt cch tip cn phn lp. Theo thit k ca mng phn lp v cung cp cc giao din chun m, mi phn ca mng c th tin trin theo tc ring ca mnh c lp vi nhng thay i trong cc phn khc ca mng. Cc mng c thit k trn nguyn tc phn lp nh trn c m t nh l "mng tch hp theo chiu ngang ". Tt c cc

KT LUN
Vi mc tiu nghin cu gii php nng cao hiu qu s dng ti nguyn mng li 2G-3G v ng dng vo trin khai trn mng Vietnamobile. Lun vn hon thnh cc ni dung sau: Trnh by v vn s dng ti nguyn mng li 2G-3G, nghin cu c s l thuyt ca gii php nng cao hiu qu s dng ti nguyn mng li: l thuyt v lu lng, m hnh lu lng, gii php MSC in Pool (MIP) theo m t ca 3GPP TS 23.236. T vic phn tch tm hiu trn, ti tp trung vo ng dng v tnh ton cho mng Vietnamobile nhm nng cao hiu qu s dng ti nguyn mng li phn chuyn mch knh CS. Da trn hin trng ti nguyn ca mng Vietnamobile v kt qu ca tnh ton, vi gii php MIP t c hai mc tiu trong vic ci thin hiu qu s dng ti nguyn mng li: Ti x l CPU ca cc MSC-S trong mt vng Pool c chia u, s dng mt cch hp l, trnh c tnh trng nghn cc b mt s MSC-S trong gi cao im Lng bo hiu MAP ti HLR gim do bn tin LU ca cc thu bao trong vng Pool gim r rt. Ti nguyn mng li s dng cho truyn ti v x l bo hiu ny cng c tit kim mt cch ng k

22

3 chc nng mng c phn chia gia cc lp kt ni, lp iu khin

CP Load of MSC in Peak Hour

v lp ng 80 dng.
Service Plane Service Capability Servers
70

Application Servers

60 50 40 Week23 Week24 Week25 Week26

HLR MSC Server TSC/GMSC Server

User data Control

30 20 10 0 HNMS1 HNMS2 HNMS3 DNMS1 HCMS1 HCMS2 HCMS3 HCMS4 HCMS5

Control Plane
SGSN MGW

PSTN/ISDN

Hnh 3-16: Ti CPU trong gi cao im trc khi trin khai MIP
RBS RNC MGW

IP routers User Plane

GGSN

UTRAN

Internet Intranets

Hnh 1-2: Cc node logic trong m hnh kin trc mng phn lp Trong mng tch hp theo chiu ngang, cc giao thc min chuyn mch knh c chia thnh lp giao thc iu khin: iu khin cuc gi, iu khin knh mang, iu khin truy nhp v lp giao thc mt bng ngi dng. Hnh 3-17: Ti CPU gi cao im theo tnh ton sau trin khai MIP Ti bo hiu MAP ti HLR gim Vic phn b, s dng ti nguyn hu hn c v phn cng v phn mm ca mng cn m bo hiu qu, hp l, ng thi im, tha mn lu lng v gim chi ph. Trong mng li di ng, do c tnh di ng ca ngi dng s gy ra tnh trng mt s node phc v b qu ti, thiu ti nguyn khi lng yu cu ti nguyn t mng truy nhp tng cao t bin, v d hin tng thu bao tp trung ti mt v tr trong dp l tt hoc c s kin c bit. ng thi lc mt s node khc th ngc li, ti ri v ti nguyn li tha thi. V vy lun vn tp trung nghin cu vn nng cao hiu qu s dng ti nguyn trong mng li theo Hnh 3-18: Lu lng bo hiu MAP trc v sau khi trin khai MIP phng thc chia cng bng ti nguyn ti nguyn mng li theo yu cu t mng truy nhp.

Chng 2 C S L THUYT GII PHP NNG CAO HIU QU S DNG TI NGUYN MNG LI 2G-3G
Chng ny trnh by v c s l thuyt khi tin hnh vic tnh ton, thit k ln mt mng li ca mt mng thng tin di ng. Nhng l thuyt ny bao gm l thuyt v lu lng (Traffic theory), gii thiu v h thng tn hao (Loss system), h thng tr (Delay system), cng thc Erlang th nht (Erlang B), cng thc Erlang th hai (Erlang C), cc tham s u vo cn thit cho vic tnh ton mt mng Core. ng thi chng cng gii thiu s b v gii php nng cao hiu qu s dng ti nguyn trong 3GPP TS 23.236 hay l gii php MSC in Pool, m t k thut, u im v yu cu ca MSC in Pool. 2.1. L thuyt v lu lng

21 Lu lng ti MSC-S/MSC-S cc site khc: 2%

3.2.2. Kt qu u ra Da trn nhng thng tin u vo v hin trng ti nguyn mng li ca VNM trnh by trn, vic tnh ton cho gii php m rng mng li v MIP c thc hin nh cng c ca ERICSSON l CANDI. CANDI a ra kt qu chi tit cho dung lng node cho tng MSC-S (dung lng b x l, b nh), MGW (dung lng chuyn mch dung lng SCC); dung lng cc link bao gm: link lu lng gia cc site, link bo hiu trn tng giao din (CAP-IN, MAP-HLR, MAP-SMSC, GCP, BSSAP, RANAP). 3.2.3. nh gi kt qu

Mc ch ca quy hoch phn cng l chn ra mun lng chnh xc cc phn cng nhm p ng uc yu cu v cp dch v. Quy hoch qu s dn n dng chi ph ko hiu qu cho khch hng v s dn n s dng khng hiu qu cc thit b. Quy hoch khng s dn n nghn, tr v lm gim cht lng ca dch v. u vo cho vic quy hoch chnh l d liu v thu bao, d liu v mng, yu cu v cp dch v (GoS) v nhng gii hn ca thit b. Vi d liu ny, ta c th tnh ton c lng phn cng cn thit. Trong cc h thng tng i bao gm hai loi h thng: H thng tn hao (Loss systems) v h thng tr (Delay systems).

Gii php MSC in Pool t c hai u im chnh trong vic nng cao hiu qu s dng ti nguyn mng li l lm cho ti ca b x l CPU MSC-S s c chia u v lng bo hiu MAP ti HLR gim (do bn tin LU ca thu bao s gim thiu khi thu bao trong vng Pool). Di y l minh ha nh gi kt qu ca gii php MIP p dng trong mng VNM: Ti CPU chia u gia cc MSC-S trong mt vng (1 site):

20 bo hiu MAP ti HLR b t chi gy ra LU li v rt cuc gi khi chuyn giao. Trc hin trng v hiu qu s dng nh vy, yu cu t ra ngoi vic m rng mng li p ng nhu cu mi, vic nng cao, ti u hiu qu ti nguyn sn c l ht sc cp thit. V vy ngoi phn nng cp thm thit b mi theo yu cu ca lng thu bao gia tng thc t, p dng gii php MIP s t hiu qu cao trong vic cn i ti nguyn, s dng hp l, chia u ti trong mng li ca mng VNM. 3.2. Nng cao hiu qu s dng ti nguyn mng li theo 3GPP TS 23.236 3.2.1. Cc yu cu u vo Thit k m rng mng v nng cao hiu qu s dng ti nguyn mng Core cho Vietnamobile, phn m rng ny dng cng ngh MSS (Mobile Softswich Solution) v gii php MSC in Pool, m bo phc v c thm cho 5,500,000 thu bao (5M thu bao 2G v 0.5M thu bao 3G), v m bo cn bng ti CPU gia cc MSC c v p ng c nhng yu cu v l lch lu lng hin ti v phn b lu lng trong mng VNM nh sau: Lu lng ti cng mt MSC: 10% Lu lng gia MSC-S/MSC-S trong cng site: 8% Lu lng ti POI/PLMN/VAS/quc t: 80%

5 2.1.1. Lu lng Mt n v chun ca lu lng thoi l Erlang. nh ngha: Erlang tng ng vi cp s dng trung bnh ca mt s lng cc knh trong mt tp hp cc knh. Mt nh ngha khc, lu lng: Trong h thng vin thng, lu lng l tin tc c truyn dn qua cc knh thng tin. 2.1.2. H thng tn hao H thng tn hao l h thng m thu bao b ngt kt ni nu mt knh ri khng tm thy. i vi hu ht cc h thng tn hao trong tng i cng thc Erlang u tin hay cng thc tn hao Erlang c th c s dng. Cc yu cu m c th p ng c vic s dng cng thc Erlang u tin ny l: H thng tn hao thun Nhm chuyn mch hon ton sn c: bt k knh no cng c th s dng bi bt k cuc gi no Xc sut cuc gi phn b theo lut ngu nhin Poisson. V d s lng cc cuc gi l ln v cc cuc gi th c lp vi nhau.

Cng thc Erlang u tin

E1, n ( A)

An / n!
n

A
k 0

/ k!

E1,n ( A)

: Xc sut b nghn (B)

n A

6 : s lng cc knh : lu lng tng.

19 Cc bo hiu MAP/CAP khc v d nh ti cc nt WSMS, MMSC v ADC s c chuyn tip qua cc MSC-S Gate (HNMS1/HNMS2 hoc HNMS).

2.1.2. H thng tn hao Kt ni ti trng H thng tr l mt h thng m cc cuc gi c t vo cc hng i/b m nu khng c cc knh rnh. Cc cuc gi n khi ang c cc cuc gi c t trong hng i khc gi l gp nghn v chng b buc phi i. Tri ngc vi h thng tn hao, nhng cuc gi khng thnh cng ny khng b b i m ch b lm tr i. Khong thi gian tri qua gia thi im mt cuc gi n v thi im m mt cuc gi c cp pht cho mt knh (v d thi gian i trong mt hng i) th c gi l thi gian i. S hnh thnh hng i l mt tnh nng c bn m phn bit gia h thng tn hao v h thng tr. Hiu qu hin trng ti nguyn trong mng VNM Cc gi nh bao gm: Nhm chuyn mch hon ton sn c: bt k knh no cng c th s dng bi bt k cuc gi no. Xc sut cuc gi phn b theo lut ngu nhin Poisson, v d s lng cuc gi ln v khng c lp vi nhau. Cc cuc gi n khi tt c cc knh ang bn, s hnh thnh mt hng i v i cho n khi c knh rnh. Ti CP ca MSC-S tng i cao mt s MSC nh HNMS1, HNMS2, HCMS1, HCMS2, HCMS3, DNMS1. Ti gi cao im mt s ti CP vt qua 75%-80% - t ngng gii hn trn. Ngc li ti CP ca mt s MSC cn li th vn thp ngay c trong gi cao im (di 60%). Kh nng truyn ti bo hiu trn cc cc bo hiu SLI t mc tng i cao (hiu qu s dng trn 60%) mt s MSC nh HNMS1, HNMS2, HCMS1, HCMS2, HCMS3. Ti gi cao im, mt s MSC c mt s cc b hin tng nghn dn ti mt lng Tt c M-MGw trong mng (giao din Nb) c kt ni IP hon ton mesh. Giao din Nb ch da trn IP, khng c d phng TDM/ATM. Nguyn l nh tuyn lu lng trong ni mng: tt c lu lng gia cc nt MSS s c nh tuyn qua cc kt ni trc tip. Nguyn l nh tuyn lu lng ra mng ngoi (POI): tt c lu lng POI c nh tuyn qua cc MSS ng vai trong cc nt cng (HNMS1&2, DNMS1 v HCMS1&2).

18 Kt ni hin ti trong mng VNM Kt ni RAN BSC ca cc vendor (Huawei, Ericsson) c kt ni ti MMGw thng qua giao din STM-1 (quang) trn cc ET-C41 MMGw. RNC ca cc vendor (Huawei, Ericsson) c kt ni ti MMGw thng qua giao din IP (in) trn cc ET-MFG M-MGw.

7 Vi nhng yu cu ny, cng thc Erlang th 2 (cng thc Erlang C / Cng thc tr) c th c s dng. Cng thc Erlang th hai: n * E1, n ( A) E 2 , n ( A) n A * [1 E1, n ( A)]

P( w t ) E2,n ( A)e ( n A)t / h

Cc tham s:

Bo hiu BSSAP gia MSC-S v BSC s dng M-MGw lm cng bo hiu trung gian. Bo hiu RANAP gia MSC-S v RNC i trc tip t RNC qua giao din IP trn cc GARP/SLI. Mi BSC/RNC c kt ni ti 2 M-MGw m bo mc ch d phng. n: Kt ni bo hiu v iu khin A: Tt c bo hiu v iu khin t MSC-S s da trn giao din IP qua cc GARP/SLI, khng c d phng bng TDM hay ATM. Cc kt ni BICC gia cc MSC-S da trn multi-homed SCTP association v l hon ton mesh. Chuyn giao Inter-MSC, bn tin MAP c gi trc tip gia MSC-S. Bo hiu MAP/CAP gia MSC-S v HLR/FNR/AuC, Anam SMSC, Comverse SGU (IN) cng c gi trc tip gia cc nt. h: thi gian trung bnh cho mt cuc gi tnh bng giy Tng lu lng mun truyn S lng cc knh P(w>t): Xc sut m thi gian i vt qu t giy

E1, n ( A ) : Xc sut b nghn E 2 , n ( A ) : Xc sut i

2.1.4. Ti bnh thng v cao ti Trong vic tnh ton lu lng, cc thut ng cao ti v ti bnh thng s c s dng. Trong khuyn ngh E.500 ca ITU-T, nhng nh ngha sau c dng cho cc nhm knh. Ti bnh thng: l cng lu lng thng tin c truyn i trong vng 30 ngy cao im nht tnh trong qung thi gian 12 thng (lu lng gi bn)

8 Ti cao: l cng lu lng thng tin c truyn i trong 5 ngy cao im nht trong cng khang thi gian ca ti bnh thng. S c mt s lng cc yu cu v cp dch v phi c p ng. Cho mc ch tnh ton c hai yu cu c bit l: Xc sut b nghn Xc sut ca vic tr vt qu mt thi gian nht nh

17

Chng 3 NNG CAO HIU QU S DNG TI NGUYN MNG LI CHUYN MCH KNH 2G-3G CHO MNG VIETNAMOBILE
Chng ny trc ht m t v hin trng ti nguyn mng li ca mng Vietnamobile: hin trng v thit b Ericsson, topo mng li, hiu qu s dng ti nguyn hin ti. Tip theo, da trn c s l thuyt nghin cu chng 2, vic tnh ton thit k, nng cao hiu qu s dng ti nguyn mng li ca mng Vietnamobile c tin hnh v nh gi kt qu. 3.1. Hin trng v ti nguyn mng li VietNamobile

2.2. M hnh lu lng 2.2.1 Gii thiu

Mng VietNamobile c chia lm 3 site ln: H Ni, H Vic tnh ton ca mt tng i ph thuc rt nhiu vo cc c im ca tng c tnh c th ca lu lng thng tin di ng n mang. N cng ph thuc vo c im c th ca tng i/chuyn mch . Mt node MSC c kh nng hot ng nh mt MSC/VLR/GMSC/TSC/SSF/SMS-GMSC/SMS-IWMSC. Vic tnh ton ca MSC cng ph thuc vo vic MSC c cha tnh nng ca mt MGW hay khng, v n c nh hng ln n kt qu tnh ton. Mt node MSC bao gm vic x l lu lng t cc node khc nh MSC, RNC, BSC, SSP, mng c nh Thm vo , lu lng bo hiu ti HLR, EIR, FNR, v M-MGW cng s c x l. c bit l i vi tnh nng GMSC trong MSC l s tm hi HLR v ph thuc vo thng tin truy sut c t HLR, nh tuyn ca cuc gi ti MSC hoc hng cuc gi ti dch v hp th thoi (voice mail, Hnh 3-1: S tng qut mng VNM Cc phn cng ca MSS (gm MSC-S v MGW) c trin khai trong mng Vietnamobile bao gm ton b thit b ca Ericsson. Ch Minh v Nng, vng phc v tng ng cho 3 min: Bc, Nam v Trung.

16 nh hng chnh a ra mng GSM/WCDMA pool l ci thin kh nng m rng, chi ph ca nh u t. Vic thm MSC hay b MSC c tin hnh d dng vi nh hng lu lng l nh nht. Trong c hai trng hp, tnh nng ti phn phi ca MSC pool cho php phn phi ti cng bng v chia u cho cc MSC trong pool. Gia tng kh nng dch v. Nu mt MSC li, tt c thu bao c phc v bi MSC s c chuyn sang cc MSC khc trong pool bng chc nng nh tuyn d phng trn BSC/RNC. Tnh nng ti phn phi MSC pool c th d dng s dng gim bt ti ca cc MSC cao ti v trnh c tnh trng qu ti. Gim thiu lu lng bo hin trong mng li. Bo hiu cp nht v tr v chuyn giao/ti cp pht SRNS gia cc MSC trong cng mt pool c th c gim thiu ng k. n gin ha cc th tc vn hnh v bo dng v tt c cc node mng li u c cng mt d liu vng RAN. Hn na, cc th tc k hoch duy tr bo dng vi nh hng ti thiu ti dch v v lu lng s c m bo hn trong tnh nng ti phn phi MSC pool. Cho php cn bng ti t yu cu mng truy nhp v tuyn.

9 C-number) Bo hiu GCP gia MSC server v MGW ch thch hp nu mt MGW bn ngoi c s dng. Hot ng ca MSC v VLR bn trong node thng c cp ti nh l tnh nng ca MSC. c bit i vi hot ng ca MSC l thit lp cuc gi ti hoc t cc RNC/BSC, v hng ca n c kt qu ri, v d, thu bao khng tr li hoc thu bao ang bn. Do lung lu lng ti, t, hoc bn trong MSC v th l mt vn rt phc tp. 2.2.2 Cc tham s u vo c dng cho vic tnh ton Mt vn quan trng cho vic tnh ton lu lng l s sn c ca d liu u vo cho ngi dng. Cc cng thc r rng nht, chnh xc nht cho vic tnh ton thit b s v dng nu ngui dng khng c quyn truy cp ng n ti d liu u vo. Vic tnh ton hp l cn mt lng rt ln d liu u vo v cng c th hiu rng khch hng c th khng c tt c nhng thng tin y. trnh iu ny, cc gi tr hng dn c cung cp cho cc tham s bt k ch no c th. Nhng gi tr ny c bn uc ly t d liu thc t m c ghi li t rt nhiu tng i Ty u. Tuy nhin, lun lun khuyn khch rng cc gi tr c th m kho st c nn c dng thay v dng nhng gi tr hng dn bt k ch no c th, v bn l lch lu lng nh hng ln n vic tnh ton cho tng i.

10 2.2.3 Phn b lu lng Hnh 2-3 ch ra mt biu gin lc ca lung lu lng bn trong mt MSC. N i din cho lu lng nhng giao din khc nhau. Phn ng nt t i din cho MSC. HLR c t gc ca ng nt t, bi v n c th c tch hp bn trong MSC hoc l mt node c lp. iu ny cng ng cho c SSF v SCF v MGW cng vy. Lu lng trn cc giao din ch yu
1 1 MSC ( ORG , TE , OEX , IEX ) c th hin bng Erlang cho mi

15 (cu hnh phn tn). Khi quyt nh v v tr vt l ca cc nt (tp trung/phn tn) cn phi xem xt cc kha cnh ISP, kha cnh d phng v mt a l, kha cnh chi ph truyn dn v kha cnh iu hnh. V d, mt pool khi m tt c MSC/BSC/RNC nm cng mt site s c chi ph truyn dn thp v thun li trong qu trnh vn hnh nhng li c ri ro v mt li cm site (ha hon, vn ngun,) Nu MSC trong pool c phn tn trong cc site khc nhau, kh dng ca mng s vn c m bo thm ch khi 1 site b li hon ton. Giao din E (MSC<->MSC): S khng cn giao din E gia cc MSC trong pool v khng c chuyn giao gia MSC/ ti cp pht SRNS trong pool. Giao din D (MSC<->HLR): Dung lng bo hiu trn giao din D s gim thiu v khng cn yu cu cp nht v tr gi ti HLR v thu bao ch chuyn vng bn trong pool. u im ca MSC in Pool Cc u im chnh ca tnh nng MSC pool bao gm: Ci thin kh nng m rng v mt dung lng v mt MSC c th c gia nhp pool v sn sang chia ti vi cc MSC c trong pool Gia tng dung lng thu bao trong mng phc v bng vic a thm mt MSC m khng lm nh hng ti vic ti cu hnh BSC/RNC (d dng trin khai, vn hnh v bo dng).

thu bao. V nhng gi tr ny c th khc nhau ng k cho phn i ti v i vo tng i, chng s c ch ra mt cch ring bit. i vi lung lu lng bn trong tng i n cng c m phng bng cc i lng: INT, i din cho traffic t thu bao di ng ny n mt thu bao di ng khc trong cng mt MSC, TRA l lu lng chuyn tip t bn ngoi i vo trong node (incoming external - IEX) v i ra bn ngoi (OEX) Cc cuc gi c th c gi n t cc GMSC, v d Chuyn tip cuc gi - call forwarding v iu kin, call forwarding khi thu bao tt my. Mt phn ca lu lng ny c th c kt thc bn trong tng i (i vi thu bao tt my) km theo mt thng bo. Trong lun vn ny, lu lng c gi n t GMSC, RE1 s c dng l phn trm ca lu lng ban u - originating traffic ORG, v lu lng u vo bn trong - incoming external traffic IEX.

14 ca cc nt RAN ti nhiu nt CN gii thiu mt c ch nh tuyn mi (v chc nng khc c lin quan), cho php cc nt RAN nh tuyn thng tin n nhiu nt CN khc nhau Kt ni ni min ca BSCs / RNCs ti nhiu MSC gii thiu thm khi nim "cc vng pool" m c cho php bi c ch nh tuyn trong BSCs / RNCs. Mt khu vc pool c th so snh vi khu vc dch v MSC hoc SGSN nh l mt nhm ca mt hoc nhiu vng phc v nt RAN. S khc bit gia mt vng dch v ca MSC hoc SGSN vi vng pool l c phc v bi nhiu nt CN (MSC hoc SGSN), ni cch khc, lu lng truy cp ca mi khu vc khc nhau s c chia s. Hn na, khu vc pool c th c chng ln nhau m trong khi iu ny khng th cho cc vng dch v MSC hoc SGSN. T quan im RAN, mt vng pool bao gm tt c LA ca mt hoc nhiu BSC / RNC m c phc v bi mt nhm cc nt CN. Nhm cc nt CN ny cng c gi l pool MSC hoc pool SGSN tng ng. Trong mt vng pool, mt s vn sau c xem xt: Vn hiu qu trung k giao din A (s dng truyn dn TDM). BSC s c kt ni ti nhiu nt MSC trong pool. Mi kt ni truyn dn giao din A s ch mang mt phn ca tng lu lng BSC. Kt qu l hiu qu trung k b suy gim, v vy vn ny cn c xem xt khi nh c giao din A V tr vt l: MSC v BSC/RNC trong pool c th nm cng 1 v tr site (cu hnh tp trung) hoc chng c th nm khc site

11 Trong tng i, khi thu bao b gi ang tt my, bn hoc khng c phn ng g li vi tm gi, lu lng RE2 s c gi n b phn a ra thng bo trong tng i, hoc trong trng hp ca chuyn tip ti thu bao nm ngay trong tng i ang xem xt. Trong lun vn ny, RE2 ch cp n lu lng kt thc ngay trong tng i, ti cc b phn kt cui a ra thng bo.

Hnh 2-3: Traffic flow gin lc i qua mt MSC/VLR/TSC (SSF/SCP/HLR/MGW). (Giao din PSTN&E/T1 l mt giao din ni ti PSTN, cc MSC khc v Voice Mail - hp th thoi)

12 2.3. Nng cao hiu qu s dng ti nguyn trong 3GPP TS 23.236 2.3.1. Mt s tiu ch KPI cn nng cao trong mng li CS Cc tiu ch KPI (Key Performance Indicator) c phn thnh cc nhm: kh dng, kh nng truy cp, kh nng duy tr v tnh ton vn ca mng. Vic gim st cc KPI nhm tc dng bo co tnh trng dung lng, ti nguyn hin ti ca mng v khuyn ngh vic m rng cng nh ti cu hnh s dng chng mt cch hiu qu cao. kh dng - Availability kh dng, theo ITU nu trong cc khuyn ngh M.60 (1988) v G.911 (3/1993), c nh ngha l kh nng thc hin cc chc nng yu cu ti thi im quy nh hoc ti thi im bt k trong khong thi gian quy nh vi gi thit l cc iu kin hot ng c p ng theo yu cu. Kh nng truy cp - Accessibility Kh nng truy cp l kh nng thc hin c dch v trong cc dung sai c bit v cc iu kin cho trc khi c yu cu bi ngi dng cui. Kh nng duy tr - Retainability Kh nng duy tr l kh nng dch v khi c thc hin tip tc c cung cp di nhng iu kin cho trc trong mt khon thi gian c yu cu.

13 Mt s KPI s c ci thin trong 3GPP TS 23.236

Nhm KPI Kh nng truy cp ACCESSIBILITY KPI Cp nht v tr thnh cng Ti x l CP Cp nht v tr Kh nng duy tr RETAINABILITY Chuyn giao Inter MSC thnh cng Rt cuc gi v chuyn giao li Chu k gim st Gi cao im Gi cao im Gi cao im Gi cao im Gi cao im

Bng 2-7: KPI c ci thin trong MSC in Pool 2.3.2. Gii php MSC in Pool M t k thut

Hnh 2-4: M hnh MSC in Pool n gin Cc kt ni bn trong min ca cc nt RAN ti nhiu nt mng li - CN vt qua h thng cp bc cng ngt - gii hn kt ni ca mt nt RAN ti ch mt nt mng li. Kt ni trong ni b min