Diabetes

Pharmacology

Galilee Gines - Concepcion

Nursing Department
Manuel V . Gallego Foundation Colleges Inc .
 D ia g n o
sis

B lo o d G lu co se H e m o g lo b in
A n a ly ze r A 1c
S ig n s a n d S ym p to m s o f
H yp e rg lyce m ia

•Po lyp h a g ia
•Po lyd ip sia
•Po lyu ria
and
•W e ig h t lo ss
L o n g Te rm C o m p lica tio n s o f
D ia b e te s

retinopa neuropat
thy hy

nephropat Cardiovascular complication

hy
Insulin sensitizer :
Biguanides
Action:

>decreases hepatic
glucose production
and intestinal
absorption of glucose;
increases peripheral
insulin uptake and
utilization.
Side Effects:

1.anorexia
2. abdominal gas or pain
3.Nausea
4. vomiting
5. possible
metallic taste;
Hypoglycemia

S ig n s a n d
S ym p to m s:
Toxic: Lactic acidosis.
 Drug:

Metformin
(Glucophage)
Insulin Secretagogue:
Sulfonylureas
Action:

not fully known.

Stimulates insulin
release from the
pancreatic β-cells
reduces glucose
output by the liver.
Increase peripheral
sensitivity to insulin.
Side Effects:

1. nausea
2. vomiting
3. diarrhea
4. Rash and
pruritus
hypoglycemi
a
 Drugs:

first generation:
acetohaxamide(Dymelor),
chlorpropamide(Diabinese),
Tolazamide(Tolinase), Tolbutamide(orinase),

second generation: glimepiride(Amaril),

glipizide(glucotrol, glucotrol XL), glyburide
(Diabeta, Glynase pres tab, micronase)
Insulin Sensitizer:
Avandia
 Action:

stimulates insulin
receptor sites to
lower serum glucose
and improve the
action of insulin.
Side Effects

1. headache
2.
hypoglycemia
3. elevations
in the liver
enzymes,
4. anemia
 Drugs:

Rosiglitazone
( Avandia)
Insulin
 Action:

reduces blood sugar

level by increasing
glucose transport
across muscle and
fat cell. Promotes
conversion of
glucose to glycogen.
 Side effects

hypoglycemia
tremors, tachycardia,
irritability, restlessness,
excessive hunger,
diaphoresis, depression.
 rebound
hyperglycemia
(somogyi
effect)
 reddness,
irritation or
swelling at
injection site,
flushing,
urticaria,
lipodystrophy
Drugs:

rapid acting: humalog regular;

(humulin R, Llentin regular,
Novolin R, Velosolin BR);

intermediate acting : NPH

(Humulin N, Llentin NPH, Novolin
N); (Humulin L, Llentin L, Novolin
L);

Long acting: PZI (Humulin U);

Combination Insulins: NPH

and Regular (humulin 70/30,
Novolin 70/30, Humulin 50/50)
Type 2
Diabet
es
Mellit
us