Academic Task 2 for IELTS Exam of 25th of August, 2012.

Some museums these days charge an admission fee while others do not. Does the practice of asking an admission fee outweigh any disadvantages . Discuss, including examples from your own knowledge and experience(v-type).

Asking an admission charge has the advantage of generating a revenue stream for the museum in question. Presumably, this extra revenue would be used to improve the quality and variety of museum displays to the ultimate benefit of visitors. In addition to this, smaller museums may often struggle to stay open if relying on government funding only. Budget allocation that is tax-payer sourced may be inadequate to meet even the most rudimentary running costs of staffing, power costs, security and display maintenance. This extra revenue might be the difference between life and death in such circumstances. Furthermore, given the inevitable wear and tear caused by foot traffic through museums, it does not seem unreasonable to at least charge visitors who come from outside the area, a fee of some sort, while exempting locals. This acceptance of the special privileges of residents to be spared such a fee while imposing the fee on outsiders, is a common practice in major museums world-wide. However, I believe that such a fee is largely unacceptable. It is hard enough to get people of any age to go to museums as it is, without the added disincentive of a fee to add to their reasons to stay away. Museums, in this this country in particular, seem to appeal to very few. Moreover, those museums that are government run seem poorly maintained and badly managed. Displays are largely static, uninspired and unchanged for years at a time. The need to engage and hold the visitors attention, seems largely to be ignored. Charging a fee, in these circumstances, is absurd. Even in well- maintained, private museums, a fee would prove a major turn- off here. It is assumed that the wealthy individuals, who have set up these museums, are doing so as part of corporate social responsibility. Charging a fee does not make a great deal of sense, given the reasons that inspired their existing at all. In my own experience, I found the National Museum more noticeable for its empty rooms and malfunctioning interactive displays than anything else. It was no surprise the place was virtually empty on a Sunday.

Charging fees might make sense if one gets value for money. It would never work here. Word Count-359

GT Task 2 for IELTS Exam of 25th of August, 2012. Some people think that the stresses of modern life have a negative effect on family life. Do you agree or disagree? Discuss, including examples from your own knowledge and experience (+) type

I believe that the stresses of a modern lifestyle on family life are considerable and all pervasive. These stresses are so great that they threaten traditional family values here and corrode our cultural bedrock. A great driver of this stress is the modern cash economy and the great difficulty of Filipinos, no matter how well educated and qualified, to earn sufficiently to meet basic needs. Despite years of arduous study, a technical qualification or degree is barely enough to earn a minimum wage. Even if money is pooled as a family, an unexpected illness is enough to cause havoc. Furthermore, and as a consequence of this, families are forced to work very long hours, making it very difficult for parents to raise and discipline their children. Television sets moral codes, not parents and often these morals are in direct conflict. Family arguments and disaffection become common, even endemic. In addition to this, the pressure to go abroad becomes overwhelming. Long absences often ensue where mothers and fathers become strangers to their families. The security of the family is replaced by the dubious financial security of an overseas remittance. Instead of hugs, advice, positive reprimands and physical presence, there is a bank transfer. Moreover, the desire for new technology and the social pressures to have the latest cell phone or laptop, tend to encourage gross commercialization and commodification. People fade from reckoning to be replaced by things. Grandparents are seen as ignorant and fairly useless. Wisdom is buried under goods. In my own experience I have seen friends become so alienated from absent parents that familial bonds seem beyond repair. Family life in these cases seems largely a fiction. I therefore believe the stresses on family life caused by modern life are lethal. It would take a huge effort to find the cure to this disease threatening our cultural existence.

Word Count 303 Docnotes: All that is required is to show you can respond to a task (a plus or versus or slash-type task)* in a limited amount of time, do so in sentences arranged in logical paragraphs, do so using accepted English words and phrases with accepted punctuation and spelling, and do so in grammar that displays an acceptable range and accuracy. You dont have time to write a perfect answer and there is a great deal you just dont have time to discuss. If you make errors, dont erase everything. Just cross the error out or the line you hate and write a correction above. Examiners expect to see corrections. *Remember: It is very, very simple. There are just 3 types of task. You must identify which form it is or you fail the task. If you identify the type of task, you will probably pass because you will format it correctly. For simplicity and clarity, I call the three types: (+) plus - Do you agree or disagree? (page 3 plus page 4) (v) versus - To what extent do you agree or disagree? (or) Give both points of view.(or) Advantages and Disadvantgages. (page 3 versus page 4) (/) slash - Two part question (meaning there are two questions!) (First question all of page 3 and second question all of page 4) Usually these are very easy to see because you see two question marks but sometimes it is two questions asked in a statement. There you have it: + (page 3 plus page 4) V (page 3 versus page 4) / ( first part, page 3/ second part, page 4) (+) In the first type you pick one side only, the one you like, and you answer all of page 3 and all of page four arguing one side. This is the only type of essay where you can really develop your argument. Thus, this is 3 plus 4. A plus task. This is mostly asked as an agree or disagree format but it might be phrased as Which is better? It is still only one side you have to answer. The one you like.

(v) In the second type of task you cannot argue just one side. You must give both points of view. Therefore you pick a side and on page 3 you write the side you do not support. On page 4 you write the side you do support. You do this so that your last two paragraphs will be logical. Argue the other view first and then finish strongly (page4) with what you believe. This is 3 versus 4. A versus task. A version of this versus type is the task that asks you to discuss the advantages and disadvantages of something. Again, you must balance your answer strictly between page 3 on one side and page 4 on the other. You do not have to put advantages on page 3 and disadvantages on page 4. You may choose to do the reverse. Why? Page 4 should be what you really support. What if you see the advantages as more important? If so, that should be your page 4. Page 4 should logically support your conclusion. Just make sure you write about both in a completely balanced way. That is; page 3 versus page 4.

(/)In the third type you are given two questions. This is perhaps the easiest format of all. There is a topic, It has two questions to it. Simple.Page 3 is your answer to the first question. Page 4 is your answer to the second question.If you do that very simple thing, you should be fine. If you write one and a half pages only on the first question, you fail the task. Why? It is all about balance. It is a two part question. It is easy. It is not particle physics. Basic, logical, simple formatting. Do not write an introductory paragraph explaining terms, etc. Just answer the questions directly. Look at these samples I have written. Notice most paragraphs are short (average 50 to 60 words). Notice there are always around 6 to 7 paragraphs. Notice nearly every essay is around 300 plus words. When you read the answers I wrote, everything should become clear. When you look at the task, decide what type of task it is. Is it (+) or (V) or (/) <plus or versus or slash>? You will see how I wrote my answers guided by that most important question (plus, versus, slash). The basic rule of thumb is three 60 word paragraphs on page 3 and four 60 word paragraphs on page 4. You will also see that sometimes I write two and even three different answers to any Task 2. I do this to show you that you may have any opinion you like providing you answer the task. You just have to write one answer.

Academic Task 2 for IELTS Exam of September 1, 2012. Although many countries spend money to support athletes wishing to compete in events like the Olympics and World Cup, there are people who think this money would be better spent encouraging children to take up sport at an early age. To what extent do you agree or disagree with their opinion.( v-type question)

Most countries send representatives to the Olympic Games and these athletes are their elite sportsmen and women, aspiring to win medals and thereby bringing international recognition for themselves and the nation whose colours they wear. Generally, it could be said, that the sight of these athletes, standing proudly on the winners podium while their national anthem is played, creates enormous pride and happiness in the hearts of their compatriots. In addition to that, even if the larger, wealthier countries tend to dominate events in the Olympic games, smaller nations that provide funding for the cream of their athletic crop, also enjoy considerable success. The government funding that may allow a top athlete to focus exclusively on sport and to consequently triumph over the elite athletes of rival nations, is seen as money well spent by their citizens, in nations large and small. Furthermore, the World Cup Soccer tournament, another quadrennial event, gives nations the opportunity to showcase talent and attract world interest. People, for the most part, enjoy seeing their athletes in the international spotlight, if only in the preliminary stages. Few seem to object to tax-payer funding of these athletes. However, I believe, even if some funding be directed to these premier athletes, they represent such a tiny fraction of people who play sport that overemphasis on these people is unjustifiable. It is far better to spent tax money encouraging children to play sport. The positive health outcomes of this focus far outweigh the brief glory of an Olympic medal or a World Cup triumph. People who play sport as children tend to avoid unhealthy eating or destructive social habits. They tend to socialize more readily and live more balanced and happy lives. Freed from the tyranny of hours before a gaming device while munching junk food, these children enjoy childhood and often carry these habits of healthy activity into adulthood. In my own experience, I witnessed the local government funding of a soccer club and playing facility, transform socially dysfunctional local children into children who found the joy of youth in sport. To witness this transformation was an absolute delight.

I therefore believe, when push comes to shove, funding childrens sport is a far more important priority. This is especially true here in the Philippines where many children have little to smile about and where sport may be their only solace. Word Count-359

GT Task 2 for IELTS Exam of September 1, 2012 Some people think that students who display anti-social behaviour should be banned from attending school. Other people think that this is wrong and that other ways of dealing with such behaviour should be tried. Discuss both views and give your opinion based on your knowledge and experience. (v-type essay) Certain people do hold the view that student anti-social behaviour constitutes sufficient grounds for exclusion from school. This is particularly so if that behaviour is physically violent or threatening. Bullying and intimidation is always an issue of concern and no parent wants his or her child to be terrified when at school. Other anti-social behaviour some might feel justifies a ban of students from school might be verbal assault or insult by students who dislike others because of their physical appearance, race, religion, gender or sexual preference. This anti-social behaviour can be even more devastating on the victim than physical bullying. It may destroy a young persons sense of self worth and value. In addition to that behaviour in the real world, this anti-social behaviour is now prevalent on the internet, where cyber bullying has grown. If this is directed at fellow students, even if through off-campus computers, many feel this is sufficient grounds for the perpetrator to be banned from attending school. However, I tend to agree with those who seek alternative solutions to these issues. Banning these students is doing very little to deal with the root causes of this behaviour. These students will simply carry this behaviour into their adult lives where it may become even more dangerous. Moreover, it is generally easier to change behaviour when people are young. Schools should confront these issues maturely. They might offer counselling in anger management, classes

where students learn to accept differences in others and modify behaviour. There are more creative solutions than wiping ones hands of this problem. It is also easier to change other anti-social behaviour like drinking and smoking when people are young and before such habits are deep rooted. Schools can focus classes on drug use and discuss this sensibly in an effort to encourage more healthy options. In my own experience, I saw a very troubled teenager, transformed by the intercession and patience of a fellow teacher who took the time to really understand th e reason for this boys aggression. The child was a victim of domestic violence and learnt alternative ways to deal with his fears. I therefore believe schools have to make an effort in their role as educators. Nothing is solved by banning anti-social students. Out of sight, out of mind is no solution to anything. Word Count-364

Academic Task 2 for IELTS Exam of September 15, 2012. Money for post-graduate research is limited. Financial support from the government should only be provided for scientific research rather than for research in less useful subjects. To what extent do you agree or disagree?( v-type)

There are many people who may feel that public funds for post-graduate research should be directed to programs which are more likely to result in concrete, practical and tangible outputs. Science would appear to fit the bill in this regard. If one can see the consequences of the research in the real world, it is easier to approve of public financial support. Furthermore, people who share this view that research funding must have measurable and quantifiable results understand when computers run faster, disease-free plants offer greater food yields, genetic testing is more accurate. They can see this with their own eyes and can understand the benefits for society. There is no need for a great deal of moralizing or debate or philosophical musing. In addition to that, the thought that public funds might be spent for post-graduate research in more arcane areas like philosophy, musicology and ancient history, is not an appealing prospect. If one cannot explain how ordinary citizens might expect to benefit from this work, it should not be taxpayer supported.

However, I disagree with this view. The one great thing that distinguishes human beings from other species is our ability to speculate, to dream, to contemplate the purpose of our existence. This cannot be reduced to technological or scientific research. To do so, is to remove the humanity and thereby make the whole thing absurd. Moreover, no matter how brilliant any scientific advance may be, it is humanity that must decide the moral and ethical issues at stake. Nurturing and encouraging people to deepen their thinking on such issues is, in my view, a perfectly sensible function of post-graduate publically funded research. Universities themselves, normally have an interdisciplinary research centre where students of multiple disciplines meet and collaborate in research. All benefit from the respective insights and different ways of seeing an issue that these scholars bring to the same table. This kind of post-graduate research has biologists and sociologists happily interacting. In my own experience, poetry, theatre, dance and music, are an integral part of my daily life and my well-being. To assume scientific research is superior to any research in the very areas that help define what it is to be human, seems to me to be a myopic view of life. Therefore I support the funding of all areas of human inquiry and expression. Science is a tool. How that tool is used is a question for philosophers and poets, not scientists. Word Count-369

GT IELTS Task 2 Writing for September 22, 2012 Some people think that advertisements on TV are useful to viewers. Others think they are just a waste of time. Discuss both views and give your opinion (Type v-or versus question) *See notes appended There are people who do sincerely think that TV advertising serves some useful purpose. They have this notion that the advertisers are motived by a desire to inform the viewing audience about the availability of the goods or service they are advertising and out of some concern to educate. Sometimes, people who nurture this view go even further, claiming the advertisers act out of some respect, even love of the community and demonstrate this by using local people in their promotion of skin whitener, toothpaste, laundry detergent and hair straightener. The advertisers are philanthropists,performing a civic duty, public- minded and assuredly admirable.

Furthermore, given this positive view of advertisers motives, these same viewers have no apparent problem with the saturation of commercial channels with these advertisements. A seeming endless stream of repeated ads extoll the virtues of this cleaning liquid over that, this fast food over another, this skin whitening problem over that. Nearly all of the products are well known brands that dominate, the vast majority owned by transnational companies bring their version of civilization to these shores. However, I find this thinking totally bizarre. There would be few countries in the world whose citizens display such woeful ignorance about the true purpose of advertising and this nativity displays a deeper failure in our basic education system that churns out people devoid of critical thinking ability. It is the same inability to see how manipulative and often, deeply offensive advertising is. There is no outcry when the national boxing hero advertises alcohol next to an advertisement where he does the same thing for milk. In a similar vein, the faces of grinning Senators push a private university or a brand of razor without any consciousness of the unethical compromisethey are making out of sheer greed. Moreover, many of the brands teach people here to despise their own skins. This is particularly true for young girls who see beauty defined as white and ugly as brown. One could hardly imagine a more destructive message of self-loathing and racial prejudice. In my own experience I have seen local teenagers spending a small fortune on pointless and ineffectual skin products as the girls chase the illusionary and absurd stereotype of advertiser induced lunacy. I believe most advertising promotes products no one needs and many that teach people to hate themselves. TV commercials are a disaster. They are essentially destructive, cynical capitalism in its most insidious form. Word Count-370

Academic Task 2, IELTS Exam of September 22, 2012. Despite having more disposal income than teenagers of the past and enjoying better health and all around security than their counterparts once did, it appears that teenagers experience life as unhappy and unfulfilling. Why do you think this is so? What do you think might be done to change this attitude? (This is a / type)

I believe that teenagers, generally, are the unhappy and disgruntled people so described, primarily because they are teenagers. Puberty is extremely disruptive of the certainties held dear prior to its onslaught. Young people struggle to regain their footing and equilibrium. This physical and psychological upheaval is often manifested in behaviour that suggests unhappiness and a lack of fulfilment. Furthermore, teenagers have few ways to measure their levels of financial and physical health, nor the better security they may be told they enjoy ,compared to their parents when they themselves were also teenagers. No doubt they are reminded often by their parents that this is, indeed the case, whenever the older generation berates them for their seeming ingratitude, lack of appreciation and moroseness. Moreover, it is cold comfort for teenagers to be told how fortunate they are to have more money to spend, better health to enjoy and less chance of violent attack. They have enough on their plate trying to work through issues of sexual identity, a loss of innocence, biological, emotional and spiritual chaos. It is my opinion that this is a time in life that requires committed and dedicated parenting .It is the attitude of the parents that needs improvement here, not the child. Parents have been through the same thing and should be sensitive and aware of their role here. This is a time for a firm hand, for the re-setting of boundaries and responsibilities as ones child transitions from childhood. Compassion, love and understanding are equally important. It often appears that parents suffer from amnesia and what they endured as teenagers, often unaccepting and intolerant of their childs confusion and misery. Lectures about how lucky they are just go down like a lead balloon. It is a time for wisdom, notharsh judgement.

In my own experience, I have witnessed our neighbours son transition from a loving, happy, hugging preteen to a totally anti-social, secretive young man who speaks only to his age mates. I remember my own life and empathize with him completely. I therefore believe that the older generation should stop this habit of demonizing teenagers. It is part of the life cycle of children we brought into this world. It is incumbent upon us to do our duty as parents and guide them through it. Word Count-369

Task 2 Academic for IELTS, 13th of October, 2012. Many countries nowadays have a mix of people with different cultures and ethnic groups. What are the causes of this? Is it positive or negative? (slash type question (/ ) Version 1 There are a multiplicity of causes that make nations multicultural and ethnically diverse. One of the most compelling might be that those nations promising a better life than the host country and culture afforded attracted immigrants wanting precisely that. The US, Canada and Australia were and are, typical magnets for people who see these countries as relatively peaceful democracies. Other countries have a mix of culture and ethnicity because, like those mentioned above, they appeared to be similarly attractive democracies. The legally enshrined protection of human rights, equal protection under the law, the prospect of a decent education, safe public spaces and a better future, must have made most of Western Europe, extremely attractive to refugees from war-torn Africa, the Middle East and elsewhere. In addition to these causes, less salubrious causes of multiculturalism were the many countries, all over the globe, that grew out of conquest and violence. Diverse groups were often forcibly absorbed by dictatorial regimes, autocratic rulers or other forms of tyranny. Unlike the conscious decision of those from different ethnicities to deliberately be part of a nation not previously their own, here people had little choice. As to whether countries that are multicultural and ethnically diverse are positive or negative, it very much depends on the country in question. If there are institutionalized and legally enforced and enforceable protections of equality to resources for all, the multicultural nature

of society would be overwhelmingly positive. Variety is the spice of life. Most of the great democracies now, are ethnically complex. In addition to that, societies made up of a multiplicity of cultures are usually able to adapt to change and are often more tolerant of different ways of seeing the world. They are comprised of people that had to adjust to a larger host society, with a different language and beliefs. Often people form friendships with people of totally different cultures at school and elsewhere. In my own experience, I have witnessed New Year Celebrations in Australia where it seems Australian citizens, making up nearly all nations on the planet, congregate in goodwill and harmony. It appears and is, perfectly natural and spontaneous. I therefore believe multiculturalism is, in the main, a positive development. The greater the variety of expressing what it is to be human, the healthier a society tends to be. Word Count-360

Task 2 Academic for IELTS, 13th of October, 2012. Many countries nowadays have a mix of people with different cultures and ethnic groups. What are the causes of this? Is it positive or negative? (slash type question (/ ) Version 2 There are a multiplicity of causes that make nations multicultural and ethnically diverse. One of the most compelling might be that those nations promising a better life than the host country and culture afforded attracted immigrants wanting precisely that. The US, Canada and Australia were and are, typical magnets for people who see these countries as relatively peaceful democracies. Other countries have a mix of culture and ethnicity because, like those mentioned above, they appeared to be similarly attractive democracies. The legally enshrined protection of human rights, equal protection under the law, the prospect of a decent education, safe public spaces and a better future, must have made most of Western Europe, extremely attractive to refugees from war-torn Africa, the Middle East and elsewhere. In addition to these causes, less salubrious causes of multiculturalism were the many countries, all over the globe, that grew out of conquest and violence. Diverse groups were often forcibly absorbed by dictatorial regimes, autocratic rulers or other forms of tyranny. Unlike the

conscious decision of those from different ethnicities to deliberately be part of a nation not previously their own, here people had little choice. As to whether countries that are multicultural and ethnically diverse are positive or negative, it very much depends on the country in question. The Philippines is multicultural and exhibits a very diverse ethnicity. Rather than building on the enormous possibilities that this diversity offers, with its smorgasbord of language, traditions and beliefs, differences have been turned into reasons to despise or hate those exhibiting these differences. Moreover, antipathy to difference, in the wink of an eye, can turn murderous. The general ignorance of Muslim Filipinos and their religion by Catholic Filipinos, has led to incessant and unremitting violence and displacement of communities all over Mindanao. The collateral damage done to women and children in conflict zones is just one horrific consequence of this. In addition, minority groups, like hill tribe people and indigenous groups all over the nation, are not prized for their uniqueness but rather derided and marginalized by main -stream people, completely convinced that their life view represents civilization and respectability in contrast to these groups. In my own experience I have witnessed people yelling at and abusing the muezzin reciting Muslim call to prayer, not understanding the words sung and not wishing to. At the same time, the same people see nothing wrong about an evangelical pastor disturbing the peace as his sound system blasts out an ear-shattering Christian message for hour after unrelenting hour. Therefore, multiculturalism and ethnic diversity has, here, been turned into a way for people to despise difference and to exalt the bland mainstream. This is a very unfortunate legacy.

Word Count-372 Version 3: Task 2 Academic for IELTS, 13th of October, 2012. Many countries nowadays have a mix of people with different cultures and ethnic groups. What are the causes of this? Is it positive or negative? (slash (/ ) type question; ) Version 3 There is a multiplicity of causes that make nations multicultural and ethnically diverse. One of the most compelling might be that those nations promising a better life than the host country

and culture afforded attracted immigrants wanting precisely that. The US, Canada and Australia were and are, typical magnets for people who see these countries as relatively peaceful democracies. Other countries have a mix of culture and ethnicity because, like those mentioned above, they appeared to be similarly attractive democracies. The legally enshrined protection of human rights, equal protection under the law, the prospect of a decent education, safe public spaces and a better future, must have made most of Western Europe, extremely attractive to refugees from war-torn Africa, the Middle East and elsewhere. In addition to these causes, less salubrious causes of multiculturalism were the many countries, all over the globe, that grew out of conquest and violence. Diverse groups were often forcibly absorbed by dictatorial regimes, autocratic rulers or other forms of tyranny. Unlike the conscious decision of those from different ethnicities to deliberately be part of a nation not previously their own, here people had little choice. As to whether countries that are multicultural and ethnically diverse are positive or negative, it very much depends on the country in question. Had I been asked this same question a few months ago, I might have responded with a resounding negative. Two serendipitous changes have permitted the possible end of the protracted war with the Muslim South. A peace agreement has been signed and the signing will be under a President who is trusted, unlike his loathed predecessor. Furthermore, it appears that trust and mutual respect among the diverse cultural groups is growing now that the former President is, not only gone from power, but also facing a raft of corruption charges. Social capital, so fundamental to a country with many languages and ethnicities, seems to be slowly building. Effective leadership, from many cultural groups, has lowered tensions and reiterated the basic need for respect. In my own experience, I have witnessed a gradual but significant change in the willingness of different cultural groups to engage with others and to learn from one another. The last multicultural Aliwan Festival in Manila reflected this new dynamism and respect for ethnic diversity. These changes auger well for a better future I therefore believe ethnic diversity is potentially a huge positive for a country, provided it is celebrated. This appears to be the case now and I take delight in it. Word Count-396

Version 1: Task 2 GT for IELTS, 13th of October, 2012. As a countrys population grows, new homes should be built. Should new homes be built in existing cities or should new towns in the countryside be built? Discuss both views and give your opinion. (versus (v ) type question). Version 1

Many people, at first glance, might warm to the idea of the decentralization of populations by adopting policy supportive of new town construction. The concept, on the face of it, appears perfectly sensible and reasonable, perhaps limiting the carbon footprint of the larger cities and allowing people to breathe healthier air as well. Furthermore, new town construction to absorb the increased population, would allow urban planners to factor in the latest green technology into the towns newly constructed homes and basic infrastructure, without having to worry about pre-existing electricity and water mains. Starting from scratch, with a clean slate, gives the planners many more options. In addition to that, instead of focusing on house construction to the exclusion of other considerations, new town planning appears to be a far more holistic and inclusive approach to population growth. The home has to be one of a range of factors including roads, schools, businesses, health facilities, public and private buildings. However, as cheerful as this vision of a rural utopia might appear in some countries, it is basically pie in the sky here in the Philippines. The government in this country cannot even organize enough classrooms for primary school children here, let alone some massive program of new rural town construction. Politics here is a fight by the elite to appropriate resources for personal gain, not some noble public- minded focus on housing. Moreover, people are going to go where the work is and that is Manila and other cities. That is where housing is badly needed. The suggestion that government here might do so would provoke howls of laughter. Housing needs are massive and growing but most believe the government will never provide it. Any housing will be built by private corporations, not for the desperate poor that need it most but for the middle class wanting gated communities as protection from their impoverished fellow citizens. Those outside will continue to live in appallingly ill-resourced shanties, continually assailed by fire, flood and forced removal by government henchmen.

In my own experience, I witness this disconnect between theories of housing supply and actual life conditions in shanties, every day. The slums of Malate lap up to, and threaten to drown the nuns quarters hard by. Therefore, it is cities where the housing need must be centered. That need is far greater than any government here will address. Word Count-379 Version 2: Task 2 GT for IELTS, 13th of October, 2012. As a countrys population grows, new homes should be built. Should new homes be built in existing cities or should new towns in the countryside be built? Discuss both views and give your opinion. (versus (v ) type question). Version 2 Many people, at first glance, might warm to the idea of the decentralization of populations by adopting policy supportive of new town construction. The concept, on the face of it, appears perfectly sensible and reasonable, perhaps limiting the carbon footprint of the larger cities and allowing people to breathe healthier air as well. Furthermore, new town construction to absorb the increased population, would allow urban planners to factor in the latest green technology into the towns newly constructed homes and basic infrastructure, without having to worry about pre-existing electricity and water mains. Starting from scratch, with a clean slate, gives the planners many more options. In addition to that, instead of focusing on house construction to the exclusion of other considerations, new town planning appears to be a far more holistic and inclusive approach to population growth. The home has to be one of a range of factors including roads, schools, businesses, health facilities, public and private buildings. However, the global exodus from rural to urban seems unstoppable. Since it is no different here in the Philippines, the clear need is housing within the huge metropolitan hub of Greater Manila. With the discredited and deeply disliked former administration replaced by one committed to change, a new, fully funded and consultative housing program has started to address the needs of informal settlers Moreover, the charity home builder, Gawad Kalinga, is doing wonderful work in the country. This house building is an inspirational matter and deserves every accolade it has received. These private initiatives help a very stretched government housing budget go further.

Therefore, it is cities where the housing need must be centered. That need and its solution remain one of the great challenges of this century. Task 2, IELTS Writing Examination of October 28th, 2012 Advertising discourages us from being individuals as it makes us look and want to be the same. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this? Version 1: supporting advertising. There are certainly people who hold the view advertising is a perverse, evil, manipulative force that robs ordinary human beings of their individuality, turning out-instead of educated, critical thinkers-mindless clones. Individuality, in their view, is buried in an avalanche of consumption, where conspicuous consumption replaces ethics and human decency as the measure of a persons worth. Furthermore, critics of advertising might well suggest another insidious and unfortunate effect of advertising: The big game players in this field tend to be giant transnational conglomerates whose primary purpose is to sell product and to globalize the effort. National identity, culturally diverse ways of being human, the intrinsic value of preserving diversity, all tend to get crushed by certain advertisers brands of food, apparel, toothpaste, shampoo and skin whitener. Moreover, those who have serious concerns might point out many of the products that are advertised have no obvious positive impact on anyindividual persons enjoyment of life or improvement in life outcomes. No one needs a Big Mac. No one needs a Coke. Yet many have learned, after year upon year of remorseless carpet bombardment of advertisements, that these two items are legitimate, desirable, status high products. This is a kind of group mental lobotomy. However, despite legitimate concerns over the destruction of cultural habits, I see precious little evidence of people losing their individuality because of advertising. The ads, may, at certain times, be extremely annoying or irritating but viewers can switch off and tune out. There are frequent occasions when we probably all do so. In addition to that, if advertisements were to be banned, this country would have no decently resourced commercial television. Advertising revenue is the life blood justifying investment in such channels. V (page 3 versus page 4)

There is also the fact that it is often hand-wringing, disenchanted academics who rabbit-on or rant and rave about the horrors of advertising. People have a right to simply enjoy a show in their own language if they wish or watch a game or variety show. If that means advertisements, so be it. Not everyone wants to agonize over a Derrida philosophy book. In my own experience, I have witnessed call -center personal at the end of long shifts, chill out on a sofa to watch a no- brainer, tear-jerker on a commercial channel in their own language. This is perfect antidote to that often stressful individual life on a telephone. Therefore, I believe the notion that advertisements destroy our ability to think and act as individuals is hogwash. As long as one understands that every advertisement is designed to manipulate the viewer or listener, there is no problem. Word Count 378 Version 2: opposing advertising. V (page 3 versus page 4)

Advertising discourages us from being individuals as it makes us look and want to be the same. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this? V (page 3 versus page 4)

Many people see advertising as a primarily positive force. After all, we live in a putative democracy which is run, in theory, on capitalist principles. The right to promote any safe, nonculturally offensive product one has invested in, and to advertise it by whatever means, is a broadly accepted notion. That is the right of an individual. Moreover, lobbying against advertising and fretting about the destruction of cultural habits and the death of individualism, seem to advocates of advertising, a little nave today. They see precious little evidence of people losing their individuality because of advertising. In addition to that, if advertisements were to be banned, this country would have no decently resourced commercial television. Advertising revenue is the life blood justifying investment in such channels. In the opinion of pro- advertising advocates, it is the individual who would be deprived of some lighthearted break from an often difficult life, were advertising be banned. However, having considered the pro-advertising view, my belief is that advertising is basically a perverse, evil, manipulative force that robs ordinary human beings of their individuality, turning out-instead of educated, critical thinkers- mindless clones. Individuality is buried in an avalanche of consumption, where conspicuous consumption replaces ethics and human decency as the measure of a persons worth.

Furthermore, advertising is, by its very nature, a con game. No one needs a Big Mac. No one needs a Coke. Most advertisements are paid for by giant transnational conglomerates whose primary purpose is to sell product and to globalize the effort. The individuals national identity, his or her culturally diverse ways of being human, can get in the way of selling. In my own experience, I have seen group manipulation through advertising, lead to the death of 78 people, killed in a stampede as they tried to get into a show promising instant wealth. If this is not group or mob mentality created by advertising, I am a monkeys uncle. Therefore I am all for commercial channels closing for lack of advertising revenue. The quicker advertising is withdrawn, the greater the positive effect on each and every person here. Word Count -361 Version 3: Critical Theory applied to the question or Deconstructing a rather ill-conceived question that appears to be asking which of two options is preferable but actually asking something puerile, facile, reiterative and moronic. V (page 3 versus page 4) Advertising discourages us from being individuals as it makes us look and want to be the same. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this? V (page 3 versus page 4)

Anyone with even the most cursory and desultory appreciation of postmodern epistemology, would find this question so fraught with possible misinterpretation and ontological confusion that the most intelligent response to its underlying misconceptions would be silence. A Zen silence is the answer best given. However the convention demands the production of 250 words to satisfy the need for examiners to check the nuts and bolts of Task Response, Cohesion and Coherence, Lexical Resource and Grammatical Range and Accuracy. Yet if the language produced here is too arcane or challenging, one might be failed, not for incompetence but for a competence beyond what the examiner, sitting as judge, is capable of and being incompetent, fails you for hubris and out of sheer spite. I neither agree nor disagree with the bizarre notion that advertising encourages an overwhelming desire to alter our physical appearance to look like our associates and at the same time, undergo some kind of metamorphoses and imbibe all their prejudices like some sort of post-modernist, Ay Rand, and the rebirth of the primacy of selfishness.

The very peculiar view- that looking and wanting to be the same disqualifies anyone from the perfectly acceptable and widely accepted notion that uniforms, for instance, may well indicate ones school affiliation without compromising one iota of ones very conscious desire to be an individual-creates a minefield of confusion. One might have decided on that school because the school prospectus trumpeted total support for critical thinking. In other words, an advertisement championing individual thinking skills, not only did not discourage us from being an individual but actively and deliberately sought out students demanding such a learning environment. That is already 250 words directly answering this question but here I shall put on my slightly more conventional hat and assume by advertising the questioner was presuming the effect, say, of fashion magazines on teenage girls, so depressed by the Colorado Canyon distance between their ideas of beauty, as presented in those magazines, and their own appearance, that they develop Bulimia and Anorexia disorders. Here is a seemingly clear example of the failure of an individual to resolve the conflict between the individual perception of self and the group perception of beauty, leading to serious problems. That is 372 words and nothing has been resolved because the question is absurd. Hopefully I have displayed enough facility with the language to achieve a 9. Docnotes: Do not attempt the 3rd version.

Task 2 GT IELTS for November 8, 2012. Some people think that the price of an object or service is the most important consideration when making a purchase. Do you agree or disagree? (+ type essay)

I think that for the vast majority of people, price is the critical factor in making a purchase of something, whether that be goods or services. Most people are constrained by the need to avoid accumulating personal debt, particularly in todays highly volatile employment environment.

In addition to the concern that a person should live within his or her means, most people have financial obligations to other family members and often, willingly or not, factor in this larger budgetary consideration when buying. Reality demands frugality. Family expectations are an ever present invisible hand preventing too much extravagance. Furthermore, capitalist societies promote competition and most people tend to shop around to get the best possible deal available on the market. Given the low salaries paid in this country, this is not a discretionary matter but a survival issue as sometimes life is a hand to mouth existence. Even wealthy people are likely to bargain, beg or cajole the seller of a product, the bargaining being a deeply ingrained and often, highly enjoyable, cultural norm. This is a kind of verbal joust where both parties try to reach an acceptable arrangement. In my own experience, I have witnessed very affluent families, for whom conspicuous consumption is important and for whom only the most expensive cars, clothing and jewellery will do, still haggle like the poorest street customer when transacting the business involved. Many of these families feature in the social pages with outrageously extravagant weddings and then either make the caterers wait a lifetime for payment or never pay. I therefore believe, rich or poor, price matters and it is price that largely dictates buying patterns. Those who claim otherwise are either so wealthy it is not an issue or about to blow that wealth through carelessness and rediscover the truth the rest of us live by. Word Count -333 Task 2 GT Writing for the IELTS Test of November 17, 2012 The governments in many countries spend a great deal of money on Public Holidays and Festivals. This money would be better spent on more useful things. Do you agree or disagree? Version 1 (disagreeing with the statement). (+)

I strongly believe that, in general, and despite notable exceptions, money spent in such a manner is money very well spent, providing it is used in a transparent and accountable manner. Governments have an obligation to fund the celebrations of notable events like Independence Days or perhaps a day commemorating a figure of profound historical significance. Furthermore, people need to have a break from normal routines, take stock, reflect on the particular purpose of these holidays in national life, look beyond the self and family to

contemplate larger issues. The pressures of time may tend to make many rather myopic and inward-looking. Holidays are a circuit-breaker allowing one to honour the past we all inherit. Moreover, nations are constantly evolving. The newer generations need to experience holidays that pay deference to people and events which shaped a nation, just as recent immigrants might discover the whys and wherefores of certain holidays. Older citizens might well feel a sense of validation and continuity in the familiar cycle of holidays and festivals they have grown accustomed to. In addition to that, the very character of a nation is usually celebrated during public holidays. They can be an important affirmation of cultural pride and identity. A sense of connection and collective purpose, unless a bizarre form of exclusionary, atavistic lunacy, is probably a healthy emotion to encourage. Festivals in particular, often assume a form unique to a place, and apart from the enormous fun people have as families and friends at such events, often it is music, dance and song that form the core of festivals. Artists and musicians need support and this is a direct way for government to do something at least to encourage the creative arts. In my own experience, I never miss the remarkably Aliwan Festival held in Manila each year. A mindboggling array of multicultural talent is on display in an orgy of colour, costume and good cheer. I therefore affirm my support for public money spent like this. People need to kick back and relax and here is a situation where the government can help them do that rather than harass, bully and extort, the normal experience of the citizen confronting the government here. Word Count 380

Version 2

(Agreeing with the statement)

The governments in many countries spend a great deal of money on Public Holidays and Festivals. This money would be better spent on more useful things. Do you agree or disagree? I firmly believe that the outlay of public funds on holidays and festivals of various kinds is nothing short of a scandalous waste of resources, particularly in this part of the world where poverty is endemic. Children need full stomachs before they can sing hallelujah to some long departed hero or some founding father.

Furthermore, festivals in particular here, are yet another excuse for drunkenness, idleness and general debauchery with yet another batch of unwanted children being the legacy nine months later. People do not need more public holidays paid out of the public purse. They need paid work. Only then can a little dignity and personal pride be developed. In addition to that, these paid public holidays and community festivals simply provide the Congressmen and Senators seeking re-election, an opportunity to play understanding uncle and angelic aunt to the many poor who attend festival events. The politicians feed and clothe them as they, the politicians, establish loyalties and prepare to commit more devilry against the nation on re-election. Money talks and it talks loudly at festivals and public holidays as slush money and bribes. Moreover, the money allocated to Congressmen and Senators to support these cultural events, and holidays, is largely misappropriated, as is basically anything they touch. A few coins might be handed on but these events are largely an opportunity for entrenched families to steal some more, ingratiate themselves even deeper than before with the poor and convince them it is only a matter of time before the Enchanted Kingdom arrives like a Mormon vision of paradise. I also believe that the Philippines needs a total mind- set change in order to understand the changes wrought by the information revolution. The days of blissful rural rhythms are gone. Four of five day festivals and fiestas are untenable. Productivity and a solid work ethic are required these days, not public holidays, streamers, balloons and snake-oil philosophy pedalled by the usual suspects. I have watched the massive waste of resources showered on these events when the public hospital system is in near collapse and hungry children go to grossly overcrowded schools to learn nothing. The priorities for funding are self-evident. Funding of holidays and festivals should stop immediately. Hunger, schools and the health system, are infinitely more deserving of our attention. Word Count-373

Task 2 Academic for IELTS Exam of November 21, 2012

Version 1: The use of modern electronic devices as a means of communication is making an impact on letter writing.

Do you agree or disagree? What is the importance of having letter writing skills? (/ type essay)

The belief that digital devices like laptop computers and smart phones are impacting letter writing may be understating the situation. I believe that for many people, it has made letter writing largely redundant and unnecessary in their everyday lives. People, quite frankly, and perfectly understandably, prefer the ease and convenience of texting, emailing or simply chatting on-line. In addition to the portability of electronic devices, allowing message sending from multiple locations and situations, their use removes the need for paper, pen and stamps, adding costsaving to the equation. One may also send the same message to many parties further adding to the allure of the digital world of communication. Furthermore, one may select from a range of font and size options and also add digital photos, public document files, excel files and many other digital items like ebooks and recommended blog sites or web pages that friends and family may like. This enormous, some may say, boundless choice makes letter writing somewhat pedestrian and old hat. Having said this, the fact remains that the world of examinations and tests, remains, perhaps oddly, wedded to the realm of the written world. People are still expected to be able to handwrite answers. Writing skills and letter writing skills are part of the same literacy requirement. One must be able to use pen, pencil and paper to pass many examinations, including IELTS. Moreover, letter writing skills are specifically tested in the GT option. One must be able to determine the tone of the letter, the appropriate lexis suitable to address the intended recipient, the ability to convey ones intention and meaning for writing the letter and an ability to write readable script. It is also true that, in certain circumstances, where the digital world is absent or the recipient does not know how to use digital devices, letter writing skills are of fundamental importance. This is often true when writing to older family members. In my own experience, my mother has an aversion to the digital world and so I write letters. I also rather like the feel of a pen in my hand and the texture of the paper. I therefore believe that letter writing skills remain of fundamental importance in human affairs. They will only vanish when we do as a species.

Word Count-369 Version 2: The use of modern electronic devices as a means of communication is making an impact on letter writing. Do you agree or disagree? What is the importance of having letter writing skills? (/ type essay)

The belief that digital devices like laptop computers and smart phones are impacting letter writing may be understating the situation. I believe that for many people, it has made letter writing largely redundant and unnecessary in their everyday lives. People, quite frankly, and perfectly understandably, prefer the ease and convenience of texting, emailing or simply chatting on-line. In addition to the portability of electronic devices, allowing message sending from multiple locations and situations, their use removes the need for paper, pen and stamps, adding costsaving to the equation. One may also send the same message to many parties further adding to the allure of the digital world of communication. Furthermore, one may select from a range of font and size options and also add digital photos, public document files, excel files and many other digital items like eBooks and recommended blog sites or web pages that friends and family may like. This enormous, some may say, boundless choice makes letter writing somewhat pedestrian and old hat. The importance of having letter writing skills is not changed by the shift from paper and pen to email and other digital writing forms. One still needs the basic literacy skills that underwrite both forms of expression. In this extremely important sense, nothing has changed at the core. Moreover, the basic literacy requirements that allow effective and meaningful communication as a letter writer are the same that allow accurate writing at many levels from simple written greetings to children to highly technical and sophisticated academic papers written for a specialist audience. To lose these skills is to lose literacy. Whether this is done by hand or digitally, the inescapable fact is the skills are virtually identical. In my own experience, I have discovered my hand writing skills to have deteriorated through lack of use but my ability to craft a letter form digitally has improved as I have aged. The skill is a fundamental measure of literacy.

Letter writing skills are crucial. Whether this is in digital or handwritten form is of secondary importance to the basic skill itself. Word Count-345

Task 2 Academic for IELTS Exam of December 1, 2012.

Version 1. (as a plus -+- type essay)

Some countries allow their workers to work at home at least one day a week. Do you think it is a positive or negative development for the individual and society?
( + or v type acceptable here as one may argue that the individual and society are not necessarily the same thing).

The ability to work from home as part of contractual work arrangements is a positive innovation for workers for it allows those concerned to think of work as not simply an activity confined to a conventional work place. Productive employment- related tasks may be performed just as efficiently from home. This would allow a more harmonious blending of work with the wider concerns of family life. Moreover, the shift in many economies from industry, manufacturing and agricultural production to a knowledge and service focused economy, with its concomitant computer-based activities, allows workers in such fields to do a great deal of work via the internet. The removal of the obligation to be physically present in a specific workplace, tends naturally to encourage this work from home option. In addition to that, the removal of commuters from the roads puts less strain on transport, causes less pollution, results in less fossil fuel consumption and contributes materially to a lowering of carbon emissions. The global warming effect is thereby diminished. The flow- on effects are clearly positive. These environmental considerations are not to be laughed at. Furthermore, the option to encourage at least a day a week working from home, allows the worker, male or female, to perhaps lower the stress levels normally associated with urban life and work. Partially freed from the constraints of a traditional work place, the worker may develop a more positive view of life where work and play are seen less as opposites but part of the rhythms of a day.

In my own experience I have seen those here who have been offered this option, develop a more balanced view of work, family and leisure. The lowering of stress at this individual level is potentially very positive for the person concerned and the society as a whole. Stress is often the precursor to violence and mental illness. I therefore firmly believe this is a welcome development in work practices. It is positive at both the individual and societal levels. Word Count-333.

Version 2. (as a versus v- type essay)

Some countries allow their workers to work at home at least one day a week. Do you think it is a positive or negative development for the individual and society? Many people no doubt approve of the ability to work from home as part of contractual work arrangements. These people might view this as a positive innovation for workers for it allows those concerned to think of work as not simply an activity confined to a conventional work place. Productive employment- related tasks may be performed just as efficiently from home. This, in the view of admirers, would allow a more harmonious blending of work with the wider concerns of family life. Moreover, the shift in many economies from industry, manufacturing and agricultural production to a knowledge and service focused economy, with its concomitant computer-based activities, allows workers in such fields to do a great deal of work via the internet. The removal of the obligation to be physically present in a specific workplace, tends naturally to encourage this work from home option. In addition to that, the removal of commuters from the roads puts less strain on transport, causes less pollution, results in less fossil fuel consumption and contributes materially to a lowering of carbon emissions. The global warming effect is thereby diminished. The flow- on effects are clearly positive. These environmental considerations are not to be laughed at. However, I believe it would be a mistake to assume that this change of work habits is invariable a positive matter for the individual or that society in general will be the better for it. It is, in my view, a mistake to assume all countries have the same cultural expectations or the same uncritical view of the new economy.

This work change habit is not an option for the great majority of people in this country where most barely manage to scrape by, living a hand-to-mouth existence, eking out a miserable existence either in the rural sector or in urban squalor. The digital age and a home-workplace option is simply a farcical notion. These individuals do not have such options as society offers no help for them to take part. This shift to a service and knowledge based economy, allowing work from home, serves only to marginalize these people even further, denied access to the skill set needed to participate. Society is fractured further. Social and societal inequality is entrenched rather than individual workers being emancipated. In my own experience I have seen the industrial and manufacturing base of this country destroyed by globalization and capitalist standardization of processes, including days at home for the few with work. Inequality has worsened. I believe the notion of a day at home working is fine and dandy for those with work. For those without, it is pie in the sky. Word Count-390

Task 2 GT for IELTS Exam of December 1, 2012

Some people feel that in the next hundred years, life will become better for the majority of people. Others are less sure. Discuss using examples from your own knowledge and experience. (can be handled as a + or v type essay) Version 1 (-v-type) Certain people hold the firm conviction that human progress has a kind of inevitability about it. This world view sees the passage of time as the unfolding of human knowledge and the possibility of harnessing technology to improve the human condition, overcoming hunger, disease and natural catastrophe. Such people see the world in optimistic terms and through the prism of an abiding faith in humanity and its essential benevolence. Furthermore, as people become more educated and sensitive to the need for harmony and equity in human affairs, better and more suitable people may be expected to be voted into government, people who are able to make rational and just policy to alleviate further the inequities that plague many nations now. Female empowerment alone would do wonders for positive societal change and a better world.

In addition to that, there is already, in their view, signs of improvement as it has been over 60 years since World War 2, the Soviet Union has collapsed and the one remaining super power, the USA, is seen as moderately benign and not interested in territorial conquest. Most conflicts have remained regional and not spread across the globe. Global peace promises a better future for most. However, I do not share their optimism or their rose-tinted view of the future. I believe the next century may be catastrophic with or without major wars and despite technological development. The major threat to survival is global warming despite those who deny the science and ignore all the signs. The latest conference in Doha has done nothing to ease any fears. On the contrary, it has merely highlighted the intransigence and pig-headedness of China and the USA who refuse to be signatories to initiatives to lower carbon gas emissions. Furthermore, Chinas continued growth is only going to exacerbate the problem as it gobbles up fossil fuels at an ever increasing rate, making the situation even worse. This activity threatens humanity far more than any weapons of mass destruction. We have all witnessed astonishing glacial ice melts and freak weather like Sandy wreck unprecedented havoc even in so called developed nations. There is no sigh leaders are willing to do what is necessary to turn things around. Oil and coal lobbies will win the day and their short term myopic self-interest will kill us all whether we live in Fiji or Manila or New York. Therefore I have great fears for those who will be here in a 100 years. If the planet is a patient, the prognosis is very grim. Word Count-388 Task 2 Academic for IELTS Exam of December 8th 2012 More and more people are electing to have children later in life. Why do you think this is the case? How does this development affect society? (slash -/- type question)

Perhaps the tendency in some societies for people to delay having children is a direct result of the workplace, and the demands of that work, taking precedence over family life and the obligations of child rearing. Children, particularly in their infant and toddler years require an

enormous investment of time, love and attention from adults. Priorities have to be set. Often family life takes the back seat. In addition to that, couples may be delaying having children because they wish to ensure they have the financial wherewithal to handle the endless expenses raising a family entails. This often necessitates adequate money reserves to avoid being unable to cope, or worse, plunged into debt. Furthermore, people perhaps accept the fact that maturity and experience makes for better parenting skills. Given that assumption, delaying having a family makes sense as a couple in a de jure or de facto relationship get to know each other better and to then be in a better position to judge if having children together is a wise choice. I believe the effect on society is largely positive. Couples who are more conscious of each others strengths and weaknesses are more likely to be successful parents able to raise children equally successfully. All the books in the world cannot replace hands-on parenting. Mutual trust of the parents for each other is a great start. Another massive advantage is that smaller families are more likely. Once the awareness of how demanding raising children actually is, together with the consciousness of how destructive having too many children is to family life and society at large, couples are likely to go for the small-is beautiful philosophy. Moreover, should this trend seen in many societies be copied here, the unsustainable growth in population might be curbed with healthy consequences for the environment and society at large. Hospitals, schools and housing would be less overwhelmed and society more just and equitable for more people. In my own experience, I have seen young lives shattered by unwanted pregnancies with devastating consequences for everyone. Children having children is a recipe for disaster. The longer the delay in having a family, the better. Society, in my view, will benefit should this tendency to delay a family become a habit here. Happier, wiser parents promise happier, contented children. Word Count-382

Task 2 GT for IELTS Exam of December 8th 2012.

Many people fear making presentations and speeches in front of a crowd. Public speaking should be taught to children in school. Do you agree or disagree? (plus -+- type question)

I believe that teaching public speaking skills should be taught in a formal school setting and should be a basic part of a persons education. There are many occasions in life where this ability is called upon and those unable to do so face embarrassment and humiliation. The fear can be removed and the person empowered. This is particularly true in the classroom where students are often called upon to present reports or make presentations as part of daily classroom activities. Many fear doing this as they worry about being exposed as foolish, incompetent or inept. Being taught how to overcome these nightmarish concerns through formal teaching of the processes involved, is enormously beneficial and nurturing. In addition to that, once this skill is taught, yet another roadblock to a fuller involvement in society at large is removed and the road ahead less troublesome and intimidating. Public speaking skills enable anyone to engage in the processes of a democracy that expect healthy debate and multiple perspectives. Fear to do so prevents many from expressing their views. Naturally teachers who lead these classes require specialized training and an adequate budget must be set aside for teachers willing to enhance their skills in this area by attending workshops and seminars that teach these skills. One cannot bludgeon students to speak publically. Many fear public speaking more than death. Real skill is needed to remove these anxieties and the authority for funding education has to put its money where its mouth is and go beyond platitudes. In my own experience, I have seen many students, who at first were absolutely petrified at public speaking, develop the needed confidence to do so and move from passive observer to active, confident participant, more than willing to take part in the conversation. I therefore believe anything that improves confidence and self-belief is an advantage to the individual, and providing that person is not a mentally unbalanced or unhinged, a benefit to society at large. Public speaking should be taught in school and the skill involved should be mastered by students under trained teachers. Word Count-347

IELTS Exam of January 6th, 2013 Task 2 GT. Some people say that children should simply follow whatever their parents advise them to do. Others think that children should think for themselves. Discuss both views and give your opinion based on your own knowledge and experience. (vtype) Version 1: simpler phraseology. A lot of people think children must be guided by their parents in all they do because parents have experienced life and usually know what is best for their sons and daughters. Parents provide shelter, comfort, food and love. This is natural and basic to any healthy society after all. In addition to that parents have gone through the ups and downs, the successes and failures of a childs life and are in a position to give advice on all sorts of matters. These might include the value of study balanced with the joys of play, who would be suitable friends and who not, what food to eat and what to avoid, what practical skills to learn. Moreover, children in more traditional societies are expected to show respect for their elders. This respect is part and parcel of a balanced society encouraging smooth social relationships and harmony. Respect for parents translates into a stress-free public sphere where private family values are also public values as well. Although this may all be true, many would also argue that there must be a balance between blind obedience based on tradition and the equal need for children to be able to judge when parental advice is not as useful as it should be or just plain wrong. There are occasions when parents are either misguided or even totally wrong in their advice. Not all parents are intelligent or benevolent. Some, quite frankly, are totally unsuited as role models, being mentally unstable, drug abusers or violent. All societies have these issues and they cannot be just ignored or swept under the carpet. In my own experience I have seen loving parents help mould well-balanced children capable of both respect and independent thinking and I have witnessed horrific parents destroy their childrens lives by abuse and lunacy. It is a case- by- case situation it appears.

Therefore I am of the opinion that early childhood requires close parental supervision where advice is virtually the law. Later childhood, by contrast, requires a loosening of the apron strings and more give and take. Word Count-346 Version 2: deeper English The belief that children should basically be guided by the moral, ethical and religious or philosophical convictions of their parents is a fairly conventional approach to child-rearing. The assumption is that parents know best, their opinions formulated by life experience and perhaps a hard-earned wisdom. This belief in the inherent and intrinsic value of accumulated exposure to life, would appear to be the anchor that grounds custom and cultural values, the mores and attitudes reflected in a respect for age and for seniority. Behavioural patterns that reflect a childs compliance to the orders of his or her parents are extolled and exalted while disobedience is seen as antisocial and harmful. It is also reasonable for parents to expect that the children they rear comply with parental expectations and demands as the children are under their roof and under their care until able to fend for themselves as functioning adults. Human beings require a long maturation process, a process largely and naturally guided and shaped by parents blood, sweat and tears. On the other hand, there are many who would argue that blind adherence to parental advice is likely to turn out mentally immature and mal-adjusted children, unable to cope with the challenges of a rapidly changing world. What may be ideal for pre-pubescent children needing close parental supervision may become stifling interference for older children, blunting their curiosity and strangling a healthy independence of mind. Moreover, it is obviously a problem if either parent has psychological or behavioural problems that can impact badly on their children. The neuroses and insecurities of a parent may be, and usually are, inflicted on the child. There is nothing inherently sacred in parenthood. Any fool can impregnate a woman. Raising a child is a different kettle of fish altogether and some people are simply walking disasters, incapable of child-rearing. Any advice is likely to be bad advice. In my own experience I have seen children both ennobled by caring parents and destroyed by abusive parents. Parenting and child-rearing can be a lottery for either generation. I therefore believe that a healthy mix of nurturing and independence is necessary in this equation. The age of the child and the nature of the advice is what matters.

Word Count-370

IELTS Exam of January 12th, 2013 Task 2 GT. In many countries, shopping is what people do in their free time. What are the reasons for this? Is this a positive or negative development? (/ type) The habit of shopping in ones free time may be the result of the fact that many people find pleasure in the very act of shopping. For those who find it pleasurable, it becomes a kind of therapy, a form of mental relaxation replacing the normal concerns of daily life with a dose of excitement. The humdrum vanishes in the thrill of the new. A further reason for shopping as leisure may well be the simple fact that much of this activity takes place in large shopping malls which are the modern equivalent of the old central square where people traditionally socialized and mixed. These places are exciting, vibrant and full of life for all ages. Shopping is thereby transformed into socialization and community life. Another reason for shopping, in this country in particular, is that much of our economic life is fuelled by overseas remittances. The money that arrives becomes the fuel for consumer goods purchasing, encouraging people to shop till they drop. The toil and sweat of relatives abroad helps fill malls to bursting here and an addiction to shopping. In less positive fashion, people who shop as relaxation may be avoiding dealing with the need to address daily problems productively by obsessive shopping. Rather than perhaps reading a good book, exercising, socializing with friends and family more frequently or intimately, solving basic life issues, people just shop in a zombie-like state, oblivious to the matters that need their real attention. There is also the simple fact that consumption like this becomes the core focus of life. Owning and acquiring the latest gadgets and displaying these goods to others like trophies of success, replaces healthy concerns for family life, education, mutual caring and love. Consuming for consumptions sake, becomes all-consuming. The tail wags the dog. The symbols of wealth become more important than our basic humanity. In my own experience, I have seen people assaulted, even murdered, for their cell phones or laptops. I have seen teenage girls prostitute themselves to buy new gadgets to impress friends. I think shopping for relaxation is fine in moderation. Otherwise I believe it is lunacy.

IELTS Exam of January 12th, 2013 Task 2 Academic. Some countries expect their children to study long hours both inside and outside normal school hours, leaving them no free time. Does this have a positive or negative effect on children and society? (+ type although it could also validly be handled as a v-type as well). Version 1 (+ type as a negative thing. Both 3 plus 4 arguing the negative) I believe that expecting children to study extremely long hours is idiotic, inhuman and insane. Childhood is supposed to be a time where holistic development takes place to ensure a balanced human being in adulthood. This behaviour might turn out efficient robots but not stable, creative, adaptive people. Expecting remorseless study hours of children is often, in my view, a form of torture inflicted on the young by parents who expect their young in turn to repay the favour by filial duty and support in the latters old age. It appears to be the price the young are expected to pay as a thank you for the gift of life, despite the fact they had no say in the act of procreation. Moreover, despite the often seemingly valid claims in some countries like Japan and Korea that competition for top university places is incredibly fierce and therefore requires these long hours of sacrifice and discipline, the places there once gained, come at a price I think is not worth paying. Suicide rates among the young would appear to be high in such nations, apart from the less dramatic neurosis and psychoses an unbalanced youth encourages. Society needs reasonably sane individuals to function at the group level. Children who have not learned to socialize through play, to relax through music, drama, sculpture, painting, literature, dance and song, to even just sleep longer hours and dream, would not appear likely candidates for full citizenship and participation in community life. All work and no play make Jack a troubled boy in my view. In addition to that, the notion that mastery of science and mathematics-the disciplines most to blame for long hours of study-leads to students capable of making well-informed decisions in matter of private and public ethics, morality or public policy making, I find absurd. The latter is a higher order of thinking, involving critical thinking and creative problem-solving beyond math or science.

In my own experience, I have met many math experts and scientists who can solve complex equations but forget to brush their teeth or have no ability to relate to others. Their long hours of study have made them socially inept. I believe a balance is required in the hours of study. We need a Goldilocks zone in childhood, neither too hot nor too cold, too much or too little. Word Count-379 Version 2 (+ type as a negative thing. Both 3 plus 4 arguing the positive). I believe that expecting children to study extremely long hours is sensible, logical and sane. Childhood is supposed to be a time where one has the opportunity to master the numeracy and literacy skills needed to function in an ever-complex and demanding world. Knowledge is expanding exponentially. One either will sink or swim in this environment. To swim, long hours of study are required. Expecting remorseless study hours of children is often, in my view, a simple necessity. Bleeding heart liberals might well wring their hands and wish for a return to some simpler past where children frolicked and played from dawn till dusk in some rural paradise but that past is gone, if it ever existed. Life is not a bowl of cherries. It is competitive and hard. One either accepts it or ends up on social welfare living off the productive citizens in society. Moreover, in some countries like Japan and Korea, competition for top university places is incredibly fierce and therefore requires these long hours of sacrifice and discipline. The places there once gained, come at a price I worth paying. Children who fail to make the grade are forced to settle for lesser universities with the neurosis and psychoses a lack of academic success tends to encourage. Society needs gifted, successful individuals to be groomed as natural leaders. Intellectually more-gifted and hard-working students deserve the fruit of their labour and that fruit is the leadership of their countries. There seems no sense in not calling a spade a spade. Mediocrity in individuals is mediocrity in society at large. Music, drama, sculpture, painting, literature, dance and song are all well and good but need to take a back seat to core academic mastery that requires many hours of study. Only frivolous societies elect actors and entertainers into power. No work and all play make Jack a troubled boy in my view. In my own experience, I have met politicians here who can barely string a sensible argument together but who can hold a tune or dance gangnam- style and who thus get voted into power. The results are evident for all to see.

I believe it is study or perish. The long hours are necessary to avoid mediocrity or societal collapse. Word Count-374 IELTS Exam of February 2, 2013, Task 2 Academic. Lifestyle and culture are becoming more and more similar across countries. Why do you think this is so? Is this a positive or negative change for developing countries? (-/-type question)
One of the primary reasons for an apparent increasing uniformity across countries is perhaps the enormous power and influence of American main stream film and music culture and their effect on how people across the world think, act and dress. Hip hop or Rap music is a classic case of this as are Hollywood blockbuster action and animated cartoon movies. The tendency for people in many diverse cultures to prefer this kind of entertainment is clear as local film and music traditions struggle to compete with this pervasive and potent cultural form. This is probably doubly so when one thinks of younger, more impressionable people like teenagers who readily adopt the language and clothing styles of these larger than life cultural icons. The increasing use of the internet and social network sites like Facebook and Twitter, further reinforces a similarity of style and format as these digital, and often wireless connections, absorb more and more of peoples energies and interests. Where ever one goes, mobile or cell phones are evident, adding to the sense of cultural similarity and lifestyle. As to whether such change is desirable or not in so-called developing countries is debatable. Any loss of important cultural forms like the dance, music and entertainment that typify and ensure cultural uniqueness is to be abhorred and resisted. Cultural complexity is to be celebrated and protected as it is fundamental to our humanity. At the same time, most cultures are able to adapt these invasive cultural forms to more readily suit local conditions. Local film makers here, especially Independent directors are often inspired to make movies reflective of local culture after being inspired by movies they see at the Sundance Festival or Cannes. Rappers here do so in Tagalog and turn this form into one they own in the local language. In my own experience I have seen Macbeth produced in the local language, its universal themes turned effectively to shine a light on greed, corruption and murder here. Similarly, ballet and classical music is reinterpreted to reflect life and manners here. The apparent sameness of cultural forms and lifestyle is often just a surface appearance. When one dives deeper, one often finds something more complex and wonderful. Word Count-368

First the 3 versus responses: Governments in some countries spend a great deal of money on elite athletes who compete in the Olympics but not much on general health or sports education programs for the lesswell off children in the public school system. To what extent do you think this is justified? (or bpov or avd might be the instruction). Version 1: (for the majority versus the elite few) There are people who might well argue that exceptional athletes should be encouraged and nurtured to excel in the particular sport in which they show excellence or superior talent. Funding these athletes allows them to focus on skill enhancement to compete at international level. This commitment takes time and it is fit and proper this dedication be duly rewarded. The success of these athletes so funded can act as a major inspiration for others to take up a variety of sports. Inspired by these heroes or idols, children may well wish to adopt the discipline sport imposes, moving away from harmful habits like smoking or alcohol abuse to compete in healthy individual or team sport activity. Given this ripple effect, those that support funding of elite athletes rather than policies to redirect spending to more general programs, might well feel that it is wrong to suppose that there are no general health and sport education flow-on benefits here. The inspiring figures may inspire healthy life style choices in others. However I think it is ridiculous to fund elite athletes if the result is that ordinary children are ignored or if their interests are put on the back- burner or swept under the carpet. A democracy should focus on the majority and the majority here constitute poor children who need every possible incentive to improve health and participate in sport. Sport involvement is a vital part of a rounded education as a healthy mind and healthy body are two peas in the same pod. Physical well-being is essential for children to develop in a holistic manner. This demands government policies centered squarely on this need. Elite athletes must take a back seat when funding priorities are set. Furthermore, given that most children come from impoverished, deprived backgrounds where families struggle to cope, government schools have an even greater obligation to fill a gap to ensure more socially just education. Sports education is a fundamental part of this given the 1987 Constitution that is centered on dealing with poverty and its effects. I have seen a public school here selected for a pilot program for sports education teaching soccer skills to both sexes. Many boys gave up smoking and drinking once they had a sports

team affiliation and uniforms and girls were empowered as players as well. School grades in academic subjects improved as well for participants. I therefore strongly endorse public funding for the majority. The elite must give way to those needing this help more. Word Count-394 Version 2 (For the elite versus the majority) Many people believe that it is ridiculous to fund elite athletes if the result is that ordinary children are ignored or if their interests are put on the back- burner or swept under the carpet. A democracy, in their view, should focus on the majority and the majority here constitute poor children who need every possible incentive to improve health and participate in sport. In the minds of people holding this view, sport involvement is a vital part of a rounded education as a healthy mind and healthy body are two peas in the same pod. Physical wellbeing is viewed as essential for children to develop in a holistic manner. This demands government policies centered squarely on this need. Elite athletes must take a back seat when funding priorities are set. Furthermore, given that most children come from impoverished, deprived backgrounds where families struggle to cope, government schools have an even greater obligation to fill a gap to ensure more socially just education. Sports education is a fundamental part of this given the 1987 Constitution that is centered on dealing with poverty and its effects. However I believe that exceptional athletes should be encouraged and nurtured to excel in the particular sport in which they show excellence or superior talent. Funding these athletes allows them to focus on skill enhancement to compete at international level. This commitment takes time and it is fit and proper this dedication be duly rewarded. The success of these athletes so funded can act as a major inspiration for others to take up a variety of sports. Inspired by these heroes or idols, children may well wish to adopt the discipline sport imposes, moving away from harmful habits like smoking or alcohol abuse to compete in healthy individual or team sport activity. Given this ripple effect the funding of elite athletes encourages, it is wrong to suppose that there are no general health and sport education flow-on benefits here. The inspiring figures may inspire healthy life style choices in others. In my own experience I have witnessed the need for a nation to have its heroes. Public funding of elite athletes in other countries like Great Britain produced Mo Farah who won the 5000 and

10,000 meters at the 2012 Olympic Games. His success has inspired millions of his countrymen and women. Therefore I support the funding of elite athletes over any other funding of sport or health. It has a broader effect that is immeasurable. Word Count-390

Version 3: (For both or neither) There are people who might well argue that exceptional athletes should be encouraged and nurtured to excel in the particular sport in which they show excellence or superior talent. Funding these athletes allows them to focus on skill enhancement to compete at international level. This commitment takes time and it is fit and proper this dedication be duly rewarded. The success of these athletes so funded can act as a major inspiration for others to take up a variety of sports. Inspired by these heroes or idols, children may well wish to adopt the discipline sport imposes, moving away from harmful habits like smoking or alcohol abuse to compete in healthy individual or team sport activity. Given this ripple effect, those that support funding of elite athletes rather than policies to redirect spending to more general programs, might well feel that it is wrong to suppose that there are no general health and sport education flow-on benefits here. The inspiring figures may inspire healthy life style choices in others. However I do not think that this is even an issue in this country as the government here in the Philippines does not spent money on either elite athletes or disadvantaged children in public schools for sports or any health-related issues for that matter. Most public money is simply used by administrators in the Olympic or Sports Commission who seem to squabble and fight over the funds for overseas junkets for themselves and their wives and mistresses. Moreover, this country of over 100 million has never won a single gold medal and has even dropped to a very lowly rank in the regional South East Asian games. Both elite athletes and poor children are ignored and abused by the very officials charged with sports governance. In my own experience I have seen principals of high schools select one class section for a sports program and ignore the vast majority who get no sports at all. Any elite athlete, who may by chance emerge through their own efforts, is on his or her own. It is sink or swim here for the great majority.

I therefore believe that even if funding for the majority should take precedence over any funding of a tiny minority for sport or healthy life choices, neither group is catered to here. It is thus a question that has little bearing on the reality of life here. Word Count-380 Now the 2 plus versions: Governments in some countries spend a great deal of money on elite athletes who compete in the Olympics but not much on general health or sports education programs for the lesswell off children in the public school system. Many people think this is unfair. Do you agree or disagree? (+ type task) Version 1: (for the majority 100%) I believe that it is ridiculous to fund elite athletes if the result is that ordinary children are ignored or if their interests are put on the back- burner or swept under the carpet. A democracy should focus on the majority and the majority here constitute poor children who need every possible incentive to improve health and participate in sport. Sport involvement is a vital part of a rounded education as a healthy mind and healthy body are two peas in the same pod. Physical well-being is essential for children to develop in a holistic manner. This demands government policies centered squarely on this need. Elite athletes must take a back seat when funding priorities are set. Furthermore, given that most children come from impoverished, deprived backgrounds where families struggle to cope, government schools have an even greater obligation to fill a gap to ensure more socially just education. Sports education is a fundamental part of this given the 1987 Constitution that is centered on dealing with poverty and its effects. It is also clear that any money set aside for the elite is money denied the vast majority. There is already deep, ingrained and remorseless injustice in this country and this merely further disenfranchises the children of the poor. Elite athletes tend to come from private schools with established sports programs and far healthier, well-feed children, least in need of the funding in any case. In my own experience I see hungry children stuck in overflowing classrooms with absolutely no sports facilities or sports programs in place and with massive drop-out rates. A decent sports program with ancillary feeding programs could transform these lives. Not to do so is a crime against their humanity and a deep dereliction of public duty by politicians and public servants.

I therefore believe, given the situation in this country, elite athletes should fund themselves. Every spare cent should go to those children in dire need of help, not the privileged children of the wealthy. A gold medal cannot be eaten after all and the glory forgotten a day or so after the euphoria. Word Count-350 Version 2: (for the elite 100%) I believe that exceptional athletes should be encouraged and nurtured to excel in the particular sport in which they show excellence or superior talent. Funding these athletes allows them to focus on skill enhancement to compete at international level. This commitment takes time and it is fit and proper this dedication be duly rewarded. The success of these athletes so funded can act as a major inspiration for others to take up a variety of sports. Inspired by these heroes or idols, children may well wish to adopt the discipline sport imposes, moving away from harmful habits like smoking or alcohol abuse to compete in healthy individual or team sport activity. Given this ripple effect the funding of elite athletes encourages, it is wrong to suppose that there are no general health and sport education flow-on benefits here. The inspiring figures may inspire healthy life style choices in others. In addition poverty is a reality in this country and it is only likely to grow worse as the population explodes. The Catholic church supports the idea of large families and since it is the responsibility of parents to decide on the size of their families, the resulting poverty is their choice. It is not the responsibility of the government to provide sports education for this burgeoning population or to feed these children. That is a parental duty. Moreover, the shifting of any blame away from family to nation is to absolve adults of the primary obligation to care and provide for any children they decide to bring into this world. Sport and health is a part of children rearing that parents need to provide. A cap- in- hand attitude for government intervention is only encouraging a culture of dependence not responsibility. In my own experience I have witnessed the need for a nation to have its heroes. Public funding of elite athletes in other countries like Great Britain produced Mo Farah who won the 5000 and 10,000 meters at the 2012 Olympic Games. His success has inspired millions of his countrymen and women. Therefore I support the funding of elite athletes over any other funding of sport or health. It has a broader effect that is immeasurable.

Word Count-375 Now the 3 slash versions: Governments in some countries spend a great deal of money on elite athletes who compete in the Olympics but not much on general health or sports education programs for the lesswell off children in the public school system. Why is this so? Is it a good or bad policy position of these governments? Version 1: (It is a good policy) Perhaps governments fund elite athletes because there is the belief that talented sportsmen and women should be encouraged and nurtured to excel in the particular sport in which they show excellence or superior talent. Funding these athletes allows them to focus on skill enhancement to compete at international level. This commitment takes time and it is fit and proper this dedication be duly rewarded. The success of these athletes so funded can act as a major inspiration for others to take up a variety of sports. Inspired by these heroes or idols, children may well wish to adopt the discipline sport imposes, moving away from harmful habits like smoking or alcohol abuse to compete in healthy individual or team sport activity. Given this ripple effect, governments that support funding of elite athletes rather than policies to redirect spending to more general programs, might well feel that it is wrong to suppose that there are no general health and sport education flow-on benefits here. Successful athletes may inspire healthy life style choices in others. I feel such thinking is perfectly logical and fair. There is a shared glory and pride when a nation sees its flag raised after a sporting triumph. The victory of an individual athlete or team wearing ones nations colors is the victory of all. General euphoria is not a feeling or emotion to be belittled or sneezed at. It is intrinsically inspirational and positive. Moreover, there is a scarcity of public funds available to allocate to the huge population here. Any funding is so minute that it would be largely ineffectual in any case. It is far better to encourage parents to shoulder the responsibility for sport and general health outcomes, given their decision to raise large families. The government should focus on the cream of the crop. In my own experience I have witnessed the need for a nation to have its heroes. Public funding of elite athletes in other countries like Great Britain produced Mo Farah who won the 5000 and

10,000 meters at the 2012 Olympic Games. His success has inspired millions of his countrymen and women. Therefore I support the funding of elite athletes over any other funding of sport or health. It has a broader effect that is immeasurable. Word Count-377 Version 2: (It is a bad policy.) Perhaps governments fund elite athletes because there is the belief that talented sportsmen and women should be encouraged and nurtured to excel in the particular sport in which they show excellence or superior talent. Funding these athletes allows them to focus on skill enhancement to compete at international level. This commitment takes time and it is fit and proper this dedication be duly rewarded. The success of these athletes so funded can act as a major inspiration for others to take up a variety of sports. Inspired by these heroes or idols, children may well wish to adopt the discipline sport imposes, moving away from harmful habits like smoking or alcohol abuse to compete in healthy individual or team sport activity. Given this ripple effect, governments that support funding of elite athletes rather than policies to redirect spending to more general programs, might well feel that it is wrong to suppose that there are no general health and sport education flow-on benefits here. Successful athletes may inspire healthy life style choices in others. I believe that it is ridiculous to fund elite athletes if the result is that ordinary children are ignored or if their interests are put on the back- burner or swept under the carpet. A democracy should focus on the majority and the majority here constitute poor children who need every possible incentive to improve health and participate in sport. Sport involvement is a vital part of a rounded education as a healthy mind and healthy body are two peas in the same pod. Physical well-being is essential for children to develop in a holistic manner. This demands government policies centered squarely on this need. Elite athletes must take a back seat when funding priorities are set. In my own experience I see hungry children stuck in overflowing classrooms with absolutely no sports facilities or sports programs in place and with massive drop-out rates. A decent sports program with ancillary feeding programs could transform these lives. Not to do so is a crime against their humanity and a deep dereliction of public duty by politicians and public servants.

I therefore believe, given the situation in this country, elite athletes should fund themselves. Every spare cent should go to those children in dire need of help, not the privileged children of the wealthy Word Count-380 Version 3 (It doesnt apply to this country and the question is illogical) Perhaps some governments fund elite athletes because there is the belief that talented sportsmen and women should be encouraged and nurtured to excel in the particular sport in which they show excellence or superior talent. Funding these athletes allows them to focus on skill enhancement to compete at international level. This commitment takes time and it is fit and proper this dedication be duly rewarded. The success of these athletes so funded can act as a major inspiration for others to take up a variety of sports. Inspired by these heroes or idols, children may well wish to adopt the discipline sport imposes, moving away from harmful habits like smoking or alcohol abuse to compete in healthy individual or team sport activity. Given this ripple effect, governments that support funding of elite athletes rather than policies to redirect spending to more general programs, might well feel that it is wrong to suppose that there are no general health and sport education flow-on benefits here. Successful athletes may inspire healthy life style choices in others. However I do not think that this is even an issue in this country as the government here in the Philippines does not spent money on either elite athletes or disadvantaged children in public schools for sports or any health-related issues for that matter. Most public money is simply used by administrators in the Olympic or Sports Commission who seem to squabble and fight over the funds. Moreover, this country of over 100 million has never won a single gold medal and has even dropped to a very lowly rank in the regional South East Asian games. Both elite athletes and poor children are ignored and abused by the very officials charged with sports governance. In my own experience I have seen principals of high schools select one class section for a sports program and ignore the vast majority who get no sports at all. Any elite athlete, who may by chance emerge through their own efforts, is on his or her own. It is sink or swim here for the great majority. I therefore believe that even if funding for the majority should take precedence over any funding of a tiny minority for sport or healthy life choices, neither group is catered to here. It is thus a question that has little bearing on the reality of life here.

Word Count-390

IELTS Task 2 February 23, 2013 Many students have decided not to study science subjects. Why is this the case? What effect might this have in the future? ( / slash type) The reason students may decide not to pursue science subjects is the presumption that perhaps these subjects are rather difficult and demanding compared to softer subjects like geography and history. With a need to graduate and find work, grades matter. The easier the subject, the better the grades, may be the thinking here. Another more compelling reason may be the dearth of good science teachers in many schools. Unpleasant early exposure to incompetent teachers can kill any desire to study science. The chemistry, physics and biology classes, underpinned by math classes, often constitute a form of mental torture in schools bereft of talented teachers. Another reason may be that students would rather do business studies or intend working in the new service sector where skills using a computer do not require a deep understanding of computer programs but simply an ability to use the tool. Science takes a back seat to entrepreneurial talent and an ability to run a company. It is difficult to predict what flow-on effects this reluctance to study science might have but it is reasonable to assume that illiteracy in science might translate into a shortage of scientists in that society. There may be a critical shortage of engineers, of theoretical and practical scientists, able to develop new technology. Moreover, a failure to enthuse students to take up science is a serious failure for both the student in question and society in general. The objective should be to turn out a rounded, complete person, able to appreciate the importance of both science and the humanities, as basic for life-long learning. This failure means a possible disengagement from matters of personal and societal growth. An ignorance of science is as worrying as an ignorance of the humanities. The ethical and moral questions we face every day require we have fundamental skills and understanding, of which science is a part.

In my own experience, I have seen opponents of genetically modified food, fight tooth and nail to have these products banned. They have a hard row to hoe as many in the community do not understand the science or the issue. I therefore believe students should be compelled to study science and that schools lift their act and fund science teacher training. In this way, possible problems downstream might be avoided. Word Count-387

Task 2 IELTS for March 9, 2013 Some people think that the best way to protect the environment is to reduce the amount of air travel. Do you agree or disagree? (-plus-type essay - + - )

I totally disagree with those who believe environmental degradation is primarily a result of aircraft damage to the atmosphere and that a reduction of such travel would largely address the problem. Even granting the premise that air travel is an environmental problem, it is absurd to assert it is the major challenge to the environment. It is but a part of a much larger whole. The almost two billion automobiles spewing out greenhouse gas emissions everyday are a far greater hazard to the planets ecological health than air travel. They choke many cities in toxic clouds of diesel and gasoline from which there is no escape. Not only is a reduction in their numbers needed but there has to be a total disconnect from the addiction to fossil fuel combustion engines and a move to electric or hydrogen fuelled vehicles with a low, to zero carbon footprint. In addition to that, there has to be a concerted effort to conserve the remaining indigenous forests and to replant both native species and exotics. Trees are the lungs of the planet, trapping carbon and releasing the very oxygen that gives us life. In this country, deforestation has gone on unabated and mercilessly with tragic consequences for everyone. Massive replanting of trees would be far more effective a remedy than a diminution in air travel. Furthermore, Philippine cities, like many in other parts of Asia, produce incredible amounts of waste that need disposal. These wastes are usually dumped in non-sanitary landfills, their effluents, including mercury and other heavy metals, leaching out into ground water, rivers and streams. An insistence on full compliance with existing laws mandating sanitary disposal of such

waste would go a long way to help the environment, certainly much more than reducing air travel would. In my own experience, I have seen the cesspool the Pasig River has become and the sewer that Manila Bay is. These were once pristine waters where one could swim, play, fish and recreate. The restoration of both requires a paradigm shift in human behaviour, a shift in which air travel would not appear on the radar as an issue. I therefore believe there are many environmental issues that need to be addressed. Reducing air travel is a band aid. Much more surgery than that is needed here. Word Count-383 IELTS Task 2, Academic, March 9, 2013 Some say that students should go to university to prepare themselves for a better career. Others say that they should work immediately after school to improve their career. *Discuss both views and give your opinion. ( versus-type)

The notion that students should launch straight into work after high school as a better career move, would be considered laughable here, even faintly deranged and absurd. The only students who do this, either cannot afford to do a tertiary course because of family financial constraints or are forced to do so to contribute to family income. Moreover, his or her career, if that is the appropriate term, is likely to be as a crew member at a fast-food outlet or some other low-level service job where advancement is very problematic. Without a tertiary degree or the fortune to be the beneficiary of the endemic nepotism that rules here, a high school student is whistling in the wind in terms of a rewarding career. It is also a mistake to think that what holds true in functioning, so- called developed nations holds true in the Philippines. High school students abroad may find gainful employment but certainly it is not true here. On the other hand, the belief that students really need to undertake a university course as a precursor to a satisfying career, is extremely deep in Philippine culture. Even the children of self-made business tycoons, who may have had little or no formal schooling themselves, other than the school of hard knocks, usually do business management tertiary courses at the insistence of the family head.

In addition to this cultural imperative that prizes a university degree, the simple fact is that students, who obtain a degree from a recognized first-tier university, have an enormous advantage over job applicants who do not. One might even say, without this piece of paper, one does not have a snowballs chance in hell of getting the desired position. Furthermore, university allows a high school student to mature, to become more intellectually and socially capable of performing at a higher level. This maturation process, in and of itself, in the relatively benign environment of a university, is likely to produce a more able individual, with a more focused career path in the discipline of choice. In my own experience, I have seen the sheer delight in the faces of parents at University of the Philippines graduation ceremonies. The degree promises a better life for their children. Therefore, in the Philippine context, it is largely a no-brainer. For a career with a future, it is university or perish. Word Count-395 * It is virtually impossible to discuss both views because the question makes absolutely no sense in the Philippine context. I did discuss the notion and explained my position though.

IELTS Task 2 March 23, 2013 *Childhood obesity is a major health issue in some countries. Why is this happening? What might be done to address this problem? ( slash-type question)

* This is the exact question I wrote for the first sample essay for PN 25, Leisure. Predicted to the very word. One of the major reasons for children suffering obesity is undoubtedly the manufacturing and marketing to them of processed junk foods fill to the brim with fats and sugars, devoid of any nutritional value whatsoever. The producers of these products target children and shape their advertising to beguile them and entice them to harass their parents to buy the products. There is little or no escape for children from this junk food as they are bombarded with advertisements on television and billboards. Supermarket and convenience store shelves offer little else but this food, while a trip to a fast food outlet like McDonalds or Jollibee is considered a real treat.

In addition to this toxic manipulation of young minds, turning them into addicts of unhealthy eating, there is a growing tendency for children to be sedentary, addicted in turn to digital games rather than traditional physical play. Munching junk food, while seated before the latest video game, is a recipe for obesity. The solution is simple and straightforward. Parents or care-givers need to start parenting effectively, to recognize the problem and to address it. They need to set boundaries on the consumption of this food, to insist on a healthy, balanced diet of unprocessed, natural food, fruit and vegetables. This is not something to be negotiated but to be demanded. Furthermore, parents also need to take a more active role in their childrens lives, to find time to play with them, encourage them to take up a sport, to be real life exemplars of healthy eating by their own food choices. There must be no disconnect between what they ask of their children and what they do themselves. Moreover, the education system itself must make children aware of the dangers of junk food and physical inaction leading to obesity. The longer term ill-health effects must be emphasized and good nutrition explained together with appropriate warnings on the dangers of advertising pushing this food. In my own experience, it is ironic that it is largely the children of wealthy parents here who suffer obesity here. The culture finds chubby children adorable and cute, unlike many other countries that do not. This is not a helpful attitude for dealing with a problem like this. Therefore, this is an issue that effects very few here. Obesity is a childhood disease of the wealthy and privileged but is no less pernicious for that. Word Count-399

IELTS Task 2 Academic, March 23 2013. Technological advance has had a negative effect on society. To what extent do you agree or disagree? (versus-type essay) Version 1 ( supporting the idea it has been negative on page 4) Many people would reject out of hand the claim that the latest technology has a negative effect on society. They would argue vehemently that cutting edge technology has improved life, connecting people almost seamlessly via multiple digital platforms from desk top computers to

smart phones. Human connectivity has woven new strands into community and personal life, virtual but human. Moreover, supporters of current technology, when comparing the pre-digital technical world and that of today, could give many examples of great improvements in access to knowledge, to financial and other services, to friends and family, to new networks of civil society one may elect to join. Cost of this connectivity have plummeted so dramatically that even the poorest person often has a cell phone and connection with loved ones. Moreover, supporters can point to innumerable technological advance that has improved safety standards in avionics, medicine, ground transport, earth-quake preparedness and the like. The latest infrared, James Webb Space Satellite will send back pictures of the universe beyond in such detail as to no doubt enthral and entice us as a species. It is but a part of an exciting, positive, technology-driven future of boundless possibilities. However, I believe, on balance, technological advance has largely been used to turn the world into the play thing of multinationals and the dominance of neoliberal notions of a small government sector, free trade and deregulation. The consequences were seen in the financial crisis of 2008. The contorted financial transactions of mortgage backed securities helped precipitate a global economic meltdown, unleashed at terrifying speed by the new technology. Furthermore, the technocrats of the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank insist nations they help bail out from this crisis, impose austerity and belt-tightening measures, with social welfare budgets the first areas slashed. This is all directed digitally from international bodies that monitor compliance. Local human rights, cultural forms and basic social justice are compromised, increasing tension. In addition, despite claims to the contrary, technology has removed people from the physical world and placed many in a dead-zone of mindless Facebook, Twitter and Chat activity. In the same internet zone, criminals prowl, hate, conspiracy and pornography sites change young lives without warning, multiple cultural mores are drowned in a syrup of pointless consumerism. In my own experience, I have seen people become extremely distressed at losing a digital device. Ones physiological and emotional wellbeing appear to be determined by the possession of these tools. The advance of technology is at the expense of human cultural variation. It is a price too high to pay. Word Count-399

Version 2 (supporting the idea it has been a positive force on page 4) Some people think technological advance has largely been used to turn the world into the play thing of multinationals and the dominance of neoliberal notions of a small government sector, free trade and deregulation. The consequences were seen in the financial crisis of 2008. The contorted financial transactions of mortgage backed securities helped precipitate a global economic meltdown, unleashed at terrifying speed by the new technology. Furthermore, they might claim the technocrats of the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank insist nations they help bail out from this crisis, impose austerity and belttightening measures, with social welfare budgets the first areas slashed. This is all directed digitally from international bodies that monitor compliance. Local human rights, cultural forms and basic social justice are compromised, increasing tension. In addition, technology, they believe, has removed people from the physical world and placed many in a dead-zone of mindless Facebook, Twitter and Chat activity. In the same internet zone, criminals prowl, hate, conspiracy and pornography sites change young lives without warning, multiple cultural mores are drowned in a syrup of pointless consumerism. However, I believe that cutting edge technology has improved life, connecting people almost seamlessly via multiple digital platforms from desk top computers to smart phones. Human connectivity has woven new strands into community and personal life, virtual but human. Moreover, when comparing the pre-digital technical world and that of today, there are many examples of significant improvements in access to knowledge, to financial and other services, to friends and family, to new networks of civil society one may elect to join. Cost of this connectivity have plummeted so dramatically that even the poorest person often has a cell phone and connection with loved ones. Moreover, innumerable technological advances have improved safety standards in avionics, medicine, ground transport, earth-quake preparedness and the like. To reject this technology is the madness of King Canute. In my own experience, I had marvelled at the Hubble telescopes images of the universe. The latest infrared, James Webb Space Satellite will send back pictures of the universe beyond in far greater detail as to no doubt enthral and entice us as a species. It is but a part of an exciting, positive, technology-driven future of boundless possibilities. The technology is our servant. It is up to us to use it wisely. Word Count-385

Version 3 (my actual opinion on page 4) Most people, I think, believe that cutting edge technology has improved life, connecting people almost seamlessly via multiple digital platforms from desk top computers to smart phones. Human connectivity has woven new strands into community and personal life, virtual but human. Moreover, they might compare the pre-digital technical world and that of today to point out the many examples of significant improvements in access to knowledge, to financial and other services, to friends and family, to new networks of civil society one may elect to join Moreover, innumerable technological advances have undoubtedly improved safety standards in avionics, medicine, ground transport, earth-quake preparedness and the like. To reject this technology is the madness of King Canute. However, I believe, on balance, the most-used and influential new technology, the internet, is destroying the willingness and ability of people to connect and interrelate with other people in the real world. Social media has replaced actual physical time together with loved ones and friends. Isolation, loneliness, depression and social withdrawal replace real connection, real warmth and presence. Our essential humanity and the desire to connect are lost as is the desire. The technology has become a kind of narcotic, dulling disappointment and pain in the real world, where relationships are messy, confusing, demanding complicated, and replacing this with a remorseless hit of mind-numbing trivia, show-biz gossip, videos, images, games and virtual friends, 24/7, on an array of devices from which there is no escape. We are constantly texting, web-caming, firing off emails or chatting, thinking this is connection when it is purely an illusion. None of this is connection. It is disconnection, merely diversion, a chimera. We sleepwalk through life in an artificial world while ignoring the people we love as we obsess over things that have no value at all. We instead chase shadows. The habit of preferring the virtual over the real removes us from the actual world of children, family, friends, the corporal world of flesh and blood, of laughter and tears. In my personal experience I grieve for friends who have let this technology shape and control their lives. They have become Zombies, isolated, disconnected, lonely, pathetic figures sleepwalking through life. This new technology is a curse in my opinion. We either disconnect from it and reconnect in the real world or risk a pointless, unfilled life.

Word Count-387 Version 4 (Another version of my opinion on page 4) Most people, I think, believe that cutting edge technology has improved life, connecting people almost seamlessly via multiple digital platforms from desk top computers to smart phones. Human connectivity has woven new strands into community and personal life, virtual but human. Moreover, they might compare the pre-digital technical world and that of today to point out the many examples of significant improvements in access to knowledge, to financial and other services, to friends and family, to new networks of civil society one may elect to join. The technology, in their view, enriches social life. Moreover, innumerable technological advances have improved safety standards in avionics, medicine, ground transport, earth-quake preparedness and the like. To reject this technology is the madness of King Canute. However, I agree with a commentator that this technology has created a new species of human she called the alone together group. These are people whose psychology is informed and motivated while alone and isolated, connected to others, also alone. This virtual world alters the very biology of the user, changed as digital habit creates new neurological hard- wiring and habit. The new digitally created pattern lacks the communication and empathy skills human beings develop and deepen in real-world social life . With this technology, a type of lobotomy appears to take place. By removing the intimacy of physical presence and the more demanding chemistry of face-to-face interaction, digital addicts lose a sense of self and place. They live in an artificial world that is remorseless, intrusive and seductive. The irony is that the more connected by multiple digital platforms, the less users are connected to their real world. Moreover, the technology can destroy the deepest and most intimate connection of all: that between us and our children. The inability of parents to monitor childrens use of the internet has weakened the parental role and turned many cultural taboos on their heads. Now largely unable to protect their children from the adult world, one of the most fundamental connections of life is threatened. In my own experience, I know many people who define themselves by the digital platforms they possess. They are endlessly peering into a screen of some kind while the real world passes them by.

I therefore think the latest technology in its most powerful form as the world-wide web, has diminished us. We lose an essential part of our humanity. Word Count-384 Task 2 IELTS GT Writing Task for April 6th, 2013. Some people believe that what is learnt in a formal school environment is more important than what one learns elsewhere. Do you agree or disagree? I completely and unequivocally disagree with the notion that formal, structured learning in a traditional bricks and mortar school setting trumps other learning experiences. It has its place as part of a learning experience but it plays very much second fiddle to learning in the school of real life and hard knocks. Life is the real teacher and it can be both brutal and inspiring. Before we even set foot in a formal school, our socialization has already taken place within a context of family and society. We have internalized a set of moral, religious and cultural values, learnt our mother tongue, adjusted to the social norms of parents, siblings, relatives, neighbours and age mate friends. The schools often simply reinforce these cultural norms and legitimize them further. Furthermore, we are bombarded at home and everywhere we turn on the internet, on gigantic billboards, on radio and television, with endless mass-media advertising that manipulates us, from early childhood, to think of ourselves as consumers. We are taught to idolize celebrities that push products and to feel insecurity and inadequacy and unhappiness if we do not look as good or have what they have. Moreover, when we hit puberty, we have to learn a whole new set of behaviours and deal with a confusing and deeply challenging reassessment of our sexual selves. Our peers are far more important in this learning experience than formal schooling, particularly in countries which are hostile to any kind of sex education. In addition to that, even if we are taught ethics in a school setting, we often find a complete disconnection between what is taught as the ideal and what we actually observe in the real world. Unethical, selfish and destructive people seem to flourish while good people suffer. Teachers may teach responsible behaviour and civic virtue but life teaches us the opposite. In my own experience, I have witnessed teachers who talk about creative and critical thinking, who praise intuitive, adaptive, holistic thinking and then punish any student who actually does attempt to do so. Obedience, compliance, subservience, unquestioned respect of elders and

regurgitation are rewarded in the formal school setting in the Philippines, not independent thinking. Therefore, learning outside the school system is infinitely more important in the shaping of who we are. The great majority of all learning experiences take place when we are not is school. Word Count-395

Task 2 IELTS Academic Writing Task for April 6, 2013. Has human society progressed over time? What needs to be improved? It would be hard to argue with the basic premise that human society has progressed over time if one accepts the basic science that we have evolved from primitive ancestry as primates related to apes, chimpanzees and bonobos to modern urban-based communities. The gradual abolition of racism, sexism, religious intolerance, persecution of minorities and political injustice have resulted in more complex democracies, offering legal protection and civil rights. In addition, human technological advance has freed many of us from the more labour intensive and time consuming activities of human toil such as the production of food and allowed instead, the sharing of knowledge, the free exchange of ideas and the possibility of global solutions to global problems. Moreover, the human desire to understand the universe into which we are born, has led us away from superstition and fear and permitted the growth of scientific , rational, empirical thought and problem solving. We have reached the moon and Mars beckons. Quantum physics and astrophysics have been handmaidens to engineering breakthroughs that would astonish the generations that preceded us. However, there are many nations that fall well short of the ideals expressed above. Endemic injustice is found everywhere, particularly with the perversion of institutions to serve the purposes of tiny elites rather than the community at large. Those instruments of state supposedly designed to protect and serve, like the police and military, are used to intimidate and bully any individual or group threatening elite power. Furthermore, many cities, rather than improving life, are the major source of pollution, threatening ecological collapse and human existence itself. Global warming is changing weather patterns, disrupting coastal life and causing man-made havoc.

In addition to that, many people prefer a life anesthetized by mindless consumption, virtual friends rather than real world friends and silent, complicit acceptance of inequality and injustice, providing they keep their jobs and are left alone. A deep moral turpitude replaces civic-mindedness and active involvement in ones community and nation. In my own experience I have seen otherwise seemingly good and well-intentioned people simply throw their garbage out of their car windows rather than dispose of it in a responsible manner. Some are teachers who then extol the virtues of respect for the environment to their students. Therefore, a great deal needs to be improved. Failure to do so might well spell not just the end of human progress but the end of humanity itself. Word Count-399

IELTS Writing Task 2 for Academic Test of April 18, 2013. A growing number of people feel that animals should not be exploited by people, while others argue that humans must employ animals to satisfy their various needs, including uses for food and research. Discuss both views and give your opinion. (versus-type essay) Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own experience or knowledge. You should write at least 250 words.

Version 1: page 4 against the use of animals in food or research. A majority of people may well feel that animals are perfectly legitimate and essential sources of food for human consumption. Beef, pork and poultry provide protein in the human diet of most people unless avoided for religious or life style reasons. This source of food, domesticated from the wild, has ancient roots and still provides a livelihood for todays generation of farmers. In addition to their use in the food chain, those supporting the utilitarian use of animals may point out that animals can also assist humanity by being used for scientific research. Few would have a problem with mice or rats being the animals in question if a serum promising a cure for

Alzheimers Disease needed testing. The possible human benefits would be astronomical compared to the animal cost. They might also point out that the consumption of meat is a fundamental part of many cultures and religions, as is the method of the slaughter of animals. Islam demands a prescribed, humane death as does Judaism. No one has the right to condemn such practices nor to be horrified with the practice of some cultures to prefer dog meat. The medicinal value of animals is also highly valued, from skin to marrow. *However, I tend to support those who oppose the exploitation of animals for h uman food and research. Many, who think like me, see ourselves as animals, just more self-aware and intelligent in tool-making and problem-solving than other animals. This advantage makes us morally and ethically responsible for the welfare of other species, a solemn guardianship based on compassion and awareness of the importance of species diversity. Furthermore, the use of animals for scientific research is largely avoidable. Many scientific research laboratories have developed alternative protocols to animal testing when confronted with growing community disquiet. The horrific images of animal vivisection has helped force those still persisting with animal testing to at least minimize pain, follow strict guidelines and justify each procedural step. In my own life, I ate meat happily for years, not really giving a moments thought to the rights or wrongs of it. My visit to an abattoir totally changed my mind. The brutality of the chain-line killing forced me to assess my complicity in it. Therefore, I oppose the exploitation of animals on the grounds it diminishes me. With intelligence should come responsible behaviour. The acceptance of animal rights is a part of this. Word Count-399 Version 2: page 4 for the use of animals in food or research. Many people see themselves as animals, just more self-aware and intelligent in tool-making and problem-solving than other animals. This advantage, in their opinion, makes us morally and ethically responsible for the welfare of other species. Furthermore, they would argue that the use of animals for scientific research is largely avoidable. Many scientific research laboratories have developed alternative protocols to animal testing when confronted with growing community disquiet. *Moreover, once one accepts the interdependence of species and the growing awareness of the need to treat nature as a resource to be respected and not a mine to be exploited, the

tendency to inflict harm on other animals fades and alternative food sources are developed. There is, in their view, no need to inflict pain and death on other species. However other would disagree and I tend to agree with them. They feel that animals are perfectly legitimate and essential sources of food for human consumption. Beef, pork and poultry provide protein in the human diet of most people unless avoided for religious or life style reasons. This source of food, domesticated from the wild, has ancient roots and still provides a livelihood for todays generation of farmers. In addition to their use in the food chain, animals can also assist humanity by being used for scientific research. Though many would object to wanton cruelty, few would have a problem with mice being the animals in question if a serum promising a cure for Alzheimers Disease needed testing. The possible human benefits would be astronomical compared to the animal cost. They might also point out that the consumption of meat is a fundamental part of many cultures and religions, as is the method of the slaughter of animals. Islam demands a prescribed, humane death as does Judaism. No one has the right to condemn such practices. The medicinal value of animals is also highly valued, from skin to marrow. I have witnessed the ceremonial killing of pigs as part of a rite of passage at marriage and funerals in many diverse cultures. There is an intimacy and immediacy about the use of animals in such practices that reinforce community bonds and awaken a sense of our own mortality and dependence on the larger animal world. Therefore, if conducted with strict avoidance of unnecessary suffering, I support the use of animals for both food and research. It is both logical and natural. Word Count-399 *(Or I could dump one of the paragraphs on page 3 and replace it with this or I could dump one of the paragraphs on page 4 of the previous argument and replace it with this): It is also no case to argue the ancient symbiosis between mankind and other animals. The behaviour of our forebears was a means of survival. Urban life today provides alternative protein sources. At least our ancestors had a direct relationship with the animals they killed. We pick up frozen meat in a supermarket, clueless about its source, disconnected from the reality behind it.

Academic Task 2 IELTS Writing for the exam of April 27, 2013 Some people think that older school children should study a large range of subjects to widen their knowledge. Others believe it is better to study fewer subjects in greater detail. Discuss both views. (versus-type)

Version 1: supporting the notion of the large range as preferred option. Some people would argue that students in their final years of high school need to focus more on mastering core numeracy and literary competency skills. This requires, in their view, a narrower range of subjects but at greater depth. Mathematics might delve deeper into more advanced algebra and calculus, while language studies might centre on writing skills displaying more sophisticated collocation usage. This tighter focus permits, in the opinions of its advocates, a mastery of the subject under study as it encourages deeper thinking, more understanding and greater appreciation of the mathematical, engineering and literary skills required to be academically competent. Less time is frittered away on ancillary subjects like History Geography, Anthropology and Arts, all of which may be pursued by individual students as they see fit. Proponents of this approach may point out the poor results of national educational surveys that constantly bemoan the very low numeracy and literacy skills of senior High School students. They would claim it is a case of too many unnecessary subjects studied at a very superficial depth. On the other hand, others would argue that, even at senior levels of High School, it is very important to offer a broad range of subjects. The purpose is appreciation of the vast range of human intellectual activities including, in my view, the highest forms themselves; music, art, theatre and dance. Ignorance of Geography limits understanding of a wider world; ignorance of History is cultural amnesia. Furthermore, this broader study should not be a barrier to deeper understanding of core math and literacy skills. The arts have often inspired the greatest mathematicians to creative insights into particular mathematical problems. Music seems to activate complex neurological pathways. The study of the works of notable national and international essayists, fiction writers and playwrights feeds into ones own approach to writing. Moreover, late High School students are the ideal age to be exposed to as wide a range of subjects as possible. Physics, Chemistry and Biology should naturally be taught but the

Humanities bed all of this math and science in its particular cultural context. These broader subjects feed into numeracy and literacy competence as a healthy balance of left and right brain stimulation takes place. In my own experience I have seen how music and drama classes have created a very positive learning environment. Happy students are students ready to learn. Therefore, I strongly agree with the adage, the more the merrier. Students should study as wide a range of subjects as humanly possible. Word Count-398

Version 2: supporting the notion of fewer subjects in greater depth. Many might argue that, even at senior levels of High School, it is very important to offer a broad range of subjects. The purpose is appreciation of the vast range of human intellectual activities including, in my view, the highest forms themselves; music, art, theatre and dance. Ignorance of Geography limits understanding of a wider world; ignorance of History is cultural amnesia. Furthermore, in their view, this broader study should not be a barrier to deeper understanding of core math and literacy skills. The arts, they believe, have often inspired the greatest mathematicians to creative insights into particular mathematical problems. Music seems to activate complex neurological pathways. The study of the works of notable national and international essayists, fiction writers and playwrights feeds into ones own approach to writing. Moreover, late High School students, they feel, are the ideal age to be exposed to as wide a range of subjects as possible. Physics, Chemistry and Biology should naturally be taught but the Humanities bed all of this math and science in its particular cultural context. These broader subjects feed into numeracy and literacy competence as a healthy balance of left and right brain stimulation takes place. However, I would argue that students in their final years of high school need to focus more on mastering core numeracy and literary competency skills. This requires, in my view, a narrower range of subjects but at greater depth. Mathematics might delve deeper into more advanced algebra and calculus, while language studies might centre on writing skills displaying more sophisticated collocation usage.

This tighter focus permits a mastery of the subject under study as it encourages deeper thinking, more understanding and greater appreciation of the mathematical, engineering and literary skills required to be academically competent. Less time is frittered away on ancillary subjects like History Geography, Anthropology and Arts, all of which may be pursued by individual students as they see fit. I may also point out the poor results of national educational surveys that constantly bemoan the very low numeracy and literacy skills of senior High School students. I believe it is a case of too many unnecessary subjects studied at a very superficial depth. In my own experience I have seen students who are given the opportunity to focus more intently on a particular subject develop a far greater understanding of that subject. Deeper understanding requires exposure and time after all. Therefore, deeper understanding of fewer subjects is the preferred choice. Most Jack of all trades are masters of none. Word Count-399

Doc notes: All that is required is to show you can respond to a task (a plus or versus or slash-type task)* in a limited amount of time, do so in sentences arranged in logical paragraphs, do so using accepted English words and phrases with accepted punctuation and spelling, and do so in grammar that displays an acceptable range and accuracy. You dont have time to write a perfect answer and there is a great deal you just dont have time to discuss. If you make errors, dont erase everything. Just cross the error out or the line you hate and write a correction above. Examiners expect to see corrections. *Remember: It is very, very simple. There are just 3 types of task. You must identify which form it is or you fail the task. If you identify the type of task, you will probably pass because you will format it correctly. For simplicity and clarity, I call the three types:

(+) plus - Do you agree or disagree? (page 3 plus page 4) (v) versus - To what extent do you agree or disagree? (or) Give both points of view.(or) Advantages and Disadvantgages. (page 3 versus page 4) (/) slash - Two part question (meaning there are two questions!) (First question all of page 3 and second question all of page 4) Usually these are very easy to see because you see two question marks but sometimes it is two questions asked in a statement. There you have it: + (page 3 plus page 4) V (page 3 versus page 4) / ( first part, page 3/ second part, page 4) (+) In the first type you pick one side only, the one you like, and you answer all of page 3 and all of page four arguing one side. This is the only type of essay where you can really develop your argument. Thus, this is 3 plus 4. A plus task. This is mostly asked as an agree or disagree format but it might be phrased as Which is better? It is still only one side you have to answer. The one you like. (v) In the second type of task you cannot argue just one side. You must give both points of view. Therefore you pick a side and on page 3 you write the side you do not support. On page 4 you write the side you do support. You do this so that your last two paragraphs will be logical. Argue the other view first and then finish strongly (page4) with what you believe. This is 3 versus 4. A versus task. A version of this versus type is the task that asks you to discuss the advantages and disadvantages of something. Again, you must balance your answer strictly between page 3 on one side and page 4 on the other. You do not have to put advantages on page 3 and disadvantages on page 4. You may choose to do the reverse. Why? Page 4 should be what you really support. What if you see the advantages as more important? If so, that should be your page 4. Page 4 should logically support your conclusion. Just make sure you write about both in a completely balanced way. That is; page 3 versus page 4.

(/)In the third type you are given two questions. This is perhaps the easiest format of all. There is a topic, It has two questions to it. Simple.Page 3 is your answer to the first question. Page 4 is your answer to the second question.If you do that very simple thing, you should be fine. If you write one and a half pages only on the first question, you fail the task. Why? It is all about balance. It is a two part question.

It is easy. It is not particle physics. Basic, logical, simple formatting. Do not write an introductory paragraph explaining terms, etc. Just answer the questions directly. Look at these samples I have written. Notice most paragraphs are short (average 50 to 60 words). Notice there are always around 6 to 7 paragraphs. Notice nearly every essay is around 300 plus words. When you read the answers I wrote, everything should become clear. When you look at the task, decide what type of task it is. Is it (+) or (V) or (/) <plus or versus or slash>? You will see how I wrote my answers guided by that most important question (plus, versus, slash). The basic rule of thumb is three 60 word paragraphs on page 3 and four 60 word paragraphs on page 4.

You will also see that sometimes I write two and even three different answers to any Task 2. I do this to show you that you may have any opinion you like providing you answer the task. You just have to write one answer.