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6AIJI C
HEGKAI @A ?
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F KH K = 2 ?D= JE
!
@ H@HA 0.1 Q1 (0.1) = 1.55 AJ Q2 (0.1) = 0.51 F KH A GK= JE A @ H@HA 0.2 Q1 (0.2) = 0.99 <
Q2 (0.2) = 0.11
AI 2 B ?D= JE ?JE
@E= A Q1 (0.5) = 0.14 < Q2 (0.5) = 0.89 AJ? II J @ ?= AI =K HAC=H@ @K F=H= JHA @A ?= EI=JE K @A ?=H=?J A I KI HA
I @A @EIJHE>KJE
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A FHA EAH ?D= JE @ ? HHAIF A IA?
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K A N (0; 1) AI L= AKHI FHEIAI A JHA
>IAHL AI L=HEA J A JHA [1.88; 3.12]
K A N (0; 0.2) AI L= AKHI >IAHL AI I
[0.78; 0.51] .ECKHA !
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x

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x x
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AI =K F E J x 0.1 I EJ D |0.56 0.19| = 0.37
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I AI J=FAI CH KFA @=FF=HJA = ?A
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I = F IIE>E EJ @A HACH KFAH AI @
AIJ F=I I= I @= CAHI
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I FAHJE A JAI AJ B=KIIAH AI ?= ?K I L EH ! F=CA "# - H C A C EAKN ?AIJ - KI =L HA JAI L= AKHI HA ? I AI A A?JEBI =>I KI F KH AI LEAKN HAIF AK AI
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$
6AIJI C
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I = HI AI ? KI >JA
AI @AI A A?JEBI ?K K I A I =E IE AI B ?JE A ?JE
AI H= A = J A FH F HJE ? @EJE HA J K C=
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I = HI = IJ=JEIJEGKA @K JAIJ A H ?KF H= J A
@A ?AJJA @AH E HA ?
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D = max(0.250, 0.375, 0.625, . . . , 0.000) = 0.625

= L= AKH ?HEJEGKA @K JAIJ =L + I d0.05 (9, 8) = 0.639 ? KIE FKEIGKA D = 0.625 < d0.05 (9, 8) = 0.639 =K HEIGKA 5% ?JE KI I I @A H F=HJEJE AI =KN F HJAI @A = H CE ?HEJEGKA 2 KH K JAIJ I = E I GKA I@ AI A ? JHA@EIA J
5% AIJ KA @= I = J=> A , F=CA & F KH n1 = 9 AJ n2 = 8
KI
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10%
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AI B= AKIAI F L= KA - AI HAF IA J IKH AI FH FHE J I =IO FJ JEGKAI @AI IJ=JEIJEGKAI 5=CEII= J @K JAIJ @A I J @EIF E> AI )JJA JE A J @AI L= AKHI IK I= L F KIEAKHI =FFH NE =JE LAHCA ?A AIJ A JA = FH ?EIE AIJ ? HHA?JA HIGKA n1 AJ n2 FHA
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2 KH K JAIJ >E =J H= L EH ! F=CA = @EIJHE>KJE @A
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P (KS d) = 2
j =1
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j =1
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2=CA $
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A JA @A J JH I LEJA LAHI 0
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KI @ @KEI I
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98 0.625 = 1.2862 9+8
.EC $ 6AIJ @A
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1ere =FFH NE =JE
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J= J sj = (1)j +1 exp(2j 2 d2 )
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A HAIJA F KI GK ?= ?K AH = FH >=>E EJ ?HEJEGKA

3
P (KS 1.2862) = 2
j =1
sj = 0.073115
KI A F KL I F=I HA AJAH DOF JD IA K A E AN=?JA IA?JE
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n1 n2 D n1 + n2
= FH >=>E EJ ?HEJEGKA p @K JAIJ AIJ FH @KEJA A =FF EGK= J = H C A IKEL= JA
0 z < 0.27 , p = 1 0.27 z < 1 , p = 1 2.506628 (Q + Q9 + Q25 ) Q = exp(1.233701 z 2 ) z 1 z < 3.1 , p = 2(Q Q4 + Q9 Q16 ) Q = exp(2 z 2 ) z 3.1 , p = 0
-NA F A ! )FF E?=JE

) F=HJEH J K KHI @A

JHA ANA F A KI ?= ?K I
z=
KI =FF EGK KI F KL
98 0.625 = 1.2862 9+8 Q = exp(2 z 2 )
I = B H K A p = 2(Q Q4 + Q9 Q16 )
Q = exp(2 z 1 .2862) = 0.036559 I A @ @KEHA Q4 = 0.00000179 Q9 < 0.00000001 AJ? )K = p = 2 (0.036557) = 0.073115
6H EIE
A =FFH NE =JE
JH I IE F E
A
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HA JI ELA=KN @A HEIGKA F KH AI JAIJI >E =J H=KN 6=> A
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= IJ=JEIJEGKA ?= ?K A AIJ C= A I J KJ @=> H@ FH @KEHA = GK= JEJ
JHA ANA F A @A H B HA ?A KI @AL
D = 0.625
2 KH >JA EH A IAKE ?HEJEGKA
2=CA &
> +
F 2 F 6AIJI
F=H= AJHEGKAI
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IL
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6AIJ @A
d (n1 , n2 )
n1 +n1 n1 n2 n1 +n1 n1 n2 n1 +n1 n1 n2 n1 +n1 n1 n2 n1 +n1 n1 n2 n1 +n1 n1 n2
C H L 5 EH
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0.1 1.22 0.05 1.36 0.025 1.48 0.01 1.63 0.005 1.73 0.001 1.95
6=> A=K 6=> A=K @AI IAKE I ?HEJEGKAI F KH A JAIJ @A

9+8 = 0.4859 98
C H L 5 EH
a=
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IAH= d0.05 (9, 8) = 1.36 0.4859 = 0.661 2KEIGKA J I = FH NE EJ A JHA AIJ F=I IE KI HA AJ I =KL=EIA =E JA = J $$ = FH ?EIE
D = 0.625 < 0.661

=A A J
I @
AI I
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A IAKE AN=?J $!' L EH IA?JE )K HEIGKA = 0.1 A IAKE DOF JD IA @D C
AJ A IAKE =FFH NE
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J C= A A J ? J@ LAHCA JI F KH AI DOF JD IAI = JAH =JELAI @A = E @A @EIJHE>KJE A @A = IJ=JEIJEGKA @A EAI @A = = E HA 2=H H=FF HJ =K JAIJ = EFK AH HIGKA AI
?AH = J AI JAIJI K E =J H=KN E I I C H L 5 EH L AJ = H CE
= B H A H1 : F1 (X ) < F2 (X ) AJ H1 : F1 (X ) > F2 (X ) ?HEJEGKA @K JAIJI @E F KH A KI @EIF I >E =J H= IAK A IAKE ?HEJEGKA IAH= = KLA=KJ E?E AIJ GKA
A HEIGKA F KI B=?E A = GK= JEJ
I @K A =FFH NE =JE
A A?JEBI n1 AJ n2 =KC A JA J L EH ! F=CA "&
2 = 4D2
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n1 n2 n1 + n2
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GKE AKH = J B=EJA# 1 O = 5 L= AKHI F IIE> AI AI n1 = 84 AJ @AI BA AI n2 = 91 2 KI =
HA J @ I=?? H@ @ I=?? H@ B HJ F HJA A J @AI D AI I KI =L J F KI A ? E I = JHA A @ I=?? H@ F=H H=FF HJ ? H1 : F1 (X ) < F2 (X ) AI * AJ + =LA? => HAH AI I AI BH GKA ?AI =>I KAI A ?
I I=L EH IE AI D
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I AI BH GKA ?AI HA =JELAI ?K K AI GKE IAHLA J
A AI A FEHEGKAI .ECKHA &
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x
5
8 EH DJJF

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5
@=JA JE A )KC &
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6AIJ @A
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KI >JA
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KI =FF EGK
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2 = 4 0.14472
= F L= KA ? HHAIF DOF JD IA K A @D B=EJA 4A =HGK " KI =KHE I GKA IE KI KJE EI I = LAHIE
84 91 = 3.6577 84 + 91
KI A F KL = FH F IEJE C H L 5 EH
2
@= JA F KH K 2 (2) AIJ p = 0.1606 )K HEIGKA 5% C EJ @ FE E @AI D AI AJ @AI BA AI B=?A
I F=I HA AJAH GKE AKH = J L GK=JE A B=?JKHA
K E =J H= A @A = B H K A @A >=I A IKH =
I >JA K p = 0.1599
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E @K AIJ F KJ J @A >
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A ?=I F=HJE?K EAH n1 = n2 = m @A = IJ=JEIJEGKA @A C H L 5 EH

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L
E @A C H L 5 EH L AIJ IE F E A 2 KH
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[m/k]
P (KS d) = 2
j =1
(1)j +1
(m!)2 (m jk )!(m + jk )!
$
F KH A JAIJ K E =J H=
P (KS d) =
(m!)2 (m k )!(m + k )!
%
k AIJ J KJ A JEAH F IEJEB JA GKA d = k/m [m/k ] AIJ = F=HJEA A JE HA @A = BH=?JE

F=CAI AJ L EH =KIIE F=CAI ! AJ !
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= IJ=JEIJEGKA U @A ?A JH A AJ H @KEJA
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U = 64 5 KI H0 I
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KI F KL
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|64 184| |Z | = = 3.45095 1209.16059

E F HJ= JA 6= =CH= B KH EJ @EHA?JA A J = L=HE= ?A = KIJ A F KH AI AN =AGK E F HJ= JA 6= =CH= E J CHA F=I A HAL= ?DA = ? HHA?JE @A ? JE KEJ
2HA E HA E B H =JE 5A? @A E B H =JE @= I A ?= ?K @A Z
= FH >=>E EJ ?HEJEGKA @K JAIJ AIJ p = 0.00056 KI I KD=EJ I E JH @KEHA = ? HHA?JE I GK B H AH @A ? JE KEJ F=HJEH @AI E B H =JE I FH @KEJAI F=H A CE?EA KI =L
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|149 272| |Z | = = 2.55849 2311.22286 = FH >=>E EJ ?HEJEGKA AIJ p = 0.01051

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KI >JA
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A FHA EAH CH KFA J= J = H B HA ?A n1 = 10 = IJ=JEIJEGKA @A .;60 AIJ >JA K =LA? = I @AI ? @AI E EJ I =K CH KFA @A H B HA ?A
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2 KH >JA EH = L=HE= ?A A IA > A @AI >IAHL=JE KI ?= ?K I GKA I A ?=HH @AI ? @AI [E (ri )]2 AJ K JEF E KI H = EI I =I A IKH
KI FH
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KI ?= ?K
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2 KH >JA EH = L=HE= ?A A IA > A @A ?D= JE KI B H A FH I A ?=HH @AI ? @AI s2 i FKEI K JEF E= J F=H A B=?JAKH =@ GK=J KI I I AI L= AKHI IKH
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I
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n1 =16
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16 23 32.4210 = 8.0506 39(39 1)
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8 17
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7 17
F I I @A *AAB 12 @A JHA AKN
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= 60% +AJJA FH F HJE
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= 47% @= I A CH KFA A=J

F=HAH =HCAI @K J=> A=K @A =B H KA
= 41% @= I A CH KFA 2 K JHO +A I

FJ=CA KI F KL
J ?AI FH F HJE
I GKE B=K@H= ? F=HJEH @AI @
A J=> A=K I KI DOF JD IA @E @ FA @= ?A AIJ ? ?
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2 = 0.40 + 0.03 + 0.26 + 0.40 + 0.03 + 0.26 = 1.3882

A @ACH @A E>AHJ AIJ C= K 1 = 3 1 = 2 )K HEIGKA = 5% A IAKE ?HEJEGKA @K JAIJ IAH= @=??AFJ=JE LE@A @A H0 AI @ AI I J? ? KIE F=JE> AI =LA? DOF JD IA @A
2 0.95 (2)
KI I
= 5.9915
AI @= I = H CE
JA AKH A IA E@A JEGKA @AI D J @ CI = FH >=>E EJ ?HEJEGKA AIJ >EA A J ? D HA JA =LA? = ?
p = 0.4995
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KI
B KH EJ K = 1.3625 =LA? K A FH >=>E EJ ?HEJEGKA C= A ? @A =FFH ?DA >=I IJHE?JA A J IKH AI IJ=JEIJEGKAI @A H= C E AIJ H A 1 B=KJ A ? I HJEAI @AI CE?EA I HKI = 9= EI KI ? IJ=J
p = 0.5060 .ECKHA ! - ? HA K A B EI

HA J @A ?AKN =EI E = = OIAH AI =EHAI ?=HJ AIJ F=I @H= =JEGKA HIGKA
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A ?DEAH ? = =EI KI H= KJ @A 9E ? N KI ?= ?K
F HJA n = 14 E @ELE@KI n1 = 7 @A JHA AKN B IK A? 1 I =I A F KH AI H= CI A A ? HHAIF A @AI H= CI F KH A 1

er
J @K IF HJ GK JE@EA =?
A A J n2 = 7
@ =KIIE
A @AI I? HAI @= I A ?=I ?AII=EHA
O = F=I @AN =AGK @= I ?A ?DEAH =K?K = KIJA A J AIJ CH KFA 5F HJ KI >JA I = IJ=JEIJEGKA @K JAIJ
,=E O GKE IAHJ @A H B HA ?A @= I
JHA ANA F A
S = S1 = 1 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 6 + 8 + 12 = 39
= OA A C >= A @AI I? HAI ?= ?K A IKH = J J= EJ @AI >IAHL=JE I AIJ
s =
1 n
si =
i=1
1 (1 + 3 + + 14) = 7.5 14
J C=KN =KN H= CI @= I A ?=I @A = B = OA ?JE @A 9E ? N
+A H IK J=J AIJ LE@A J FKEIGKA AI I? HAI I
s = r =

n+1 2
14+1 2
= 7 .5
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AIF H= ?A
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K JEF E A F=H A A?JEB n1
n1 E0 (S ) = n

si = n 1 s = 7 7.5 = 52.5
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77 = (1 7.5)2 + (2 7.5)2 + + (14 7.5)2 14(14 1) = 61.25

KI F KL K A E I =E JA = J ? IJHKEHA = IJ=JEIJEGKA ?A JH A AJ H @KEJA GKE IKEJ =IO FJ JEGKA A J
H = A N (0; 1)
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KI HAJH KL
S E0 (S ) V0 (S )
39 52.5 = = 1.7250 61.25

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KI HAFHA I ANA F A @ @E =K JAIJ @A 8= =B KI I ?JE @AH 9=AH@A KI @AL IA?JE % I H= A JHA J K KHI CKHA ! F=CA #" 1 A FHE ?EFA
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= BAKE A @A ?= ?K AIJ HC= EI A IA
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KI =IIEC
A E O = @AI AN =AGK I
F KH AI E @ELE@KI F HJ= J @AI L= AKHI E@A JEGKAI K A ) F=HJEH @A ?AI E B H =JE AJ n2 = 23 =I A @AI I? HAI F KH A 1er CH KFA GKE
I B H AH = IJ=JEIJEGKA @A JAIJ KI IAHJ @A H B HA ?A AIJ
S = S1 = 9.4126
= OA A @AI I? HAI IKH A IA > A @AI >IAHL=JE I AIJ C= A
s =
AIF H= ?A
1 ((1.802) + (1.802) + (1.168) + + 1.645 + 1.960) = 0.000 39 =JD =JEGKA I KI H0 @A S I ?HEJ E0 (S ) = n1 s = 16 0.000 = 0.0000
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(si s )2 ]
i
16 23 = 32.4210 39(39 1) = 8.0506

= L= AKH =>I KA @A = IJ=JEIJEGKA ?A JH A H @KEHA F KH K JAIJ >E =J H= AIJ = HI C=
|Z | =
|S E0 (S )| V0 (S )
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JD @A @EHA?JA CKHA = @A ?= ?K ! K A B EI AI I? HAI =IIEC I =KN
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KI F KL I @ H K AH J KI AI ?= ?K I I= I =L EH E JH @KEHA ANF E?EJA A J K A ? HHA?JE @A = L=HE= ?A F KH JA EH ? FJA @AI AN =AGK +AIJ K A FH FHE J @A C HE?EJ HA =HGK=> A
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I @= I ?AJJA IA?JE KI @AL ? ANA F A @AI F HJ AI @A F H?I @A HKI = AJ 9= EI IA?JE KI KJE EI !! I =
CKHA ! " F=CA %! AJJ IA
I C HAH 2 @E ?K J I K > 2 AJ JH=EJA A J @AI AN =AGK @ AI I? HAI ? HHAIF @A J =KN H= CI IE F A A J # ! HC= EI=JE HEGKA =@ GK=JA IA?JE I = L=HE=> A @E J H J 2 E@I
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AIJ = IKEL= JA .ECKHA # ' KI @EIF I KI JHE KI =IIEC KI ?= ?K I A J=> A=K @A @
I AI I? HAI H= CI =KN E @ELE@KI A ? HHECA= J IA I = OA A C >= A @AI I? HAI
A FHE ?EFA @AI I? HAI
OA I
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I AI L= AKHI =FH I AI =L EH JHE {18, 19, 23, 23, 25, 26} I IKH ?AJ =IFA?J K FAK F KI F HEF A =K A @AI H= CI F=H ?
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I AI H= CI {1, 2, 3.5, 3.5, 5, 6} = AKH @= I ?AJJA = = OIA = @A = F KJE

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A F=H ELA=K Sk 5E E EAK @A = LE A =

A FH > A O A J
A A?JELA A J E O = =KC A J=JE

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@A A=K @KH= J I
A JAIJ @A 2=CA
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K
L= E@AH ?AJJA FHA E HA E FHAIIE
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k=1
k S.k = 25 + 75 + 142.5 + 226 + 360 + 459 = 1287.5

KI F KL I F=IIAH =FFH NE =JE H =A KI
n AJ K J= J J KI AI @AKN =IIA CH= @ =L I >AI E = HI @A AIF H= ?A =JD I >JEA J =LA?
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1 1 nK (K + 1)2 = 15 6 (6 + 1)2 = 1102.5 4 4
V (L) =
KI A JEH
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I = IJ=JEIJEGKA ?A JH A H @KEJA
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L E (L) V (L)
1287.5 1102.5 = 6.1034 918.75

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144 18
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Comp Pop Tests Nonparametriques

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Comp Pop Tests Nonparametriques

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