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Chapter #30: The War to End War Big Picture Themes 1. President Wilson outlined the wars objectives with his Fourteen Points. They set the goals of free seas, self-determination after the war, and establishing a body to prevent future wars. 2. A military draft was instituted, the first since the Civil War. 3. Women went to work more than theyd ever done and black soldiers were drafted into the military into segregated units. 4. The Americans focused their military effort in protecting Paris from the Germans. 5. At the Treaty of Versailles, Wilson agreed to allow England and France to punish Germany for the war. In return, they agreed to start Wilsons League of Nations. 6. However, the US Senate rejected the Treaty/League. They didnt wish to turn over Americas decision-making to a foreign body like the League of Nations. Chapter #30 Identifications George Creel Head of the Committee on Public Information. Bernard Baruch Head of the War Industries Board Henry Cabot Lodge The major enemy of Wilsons attempt to form the League of nations. James M. Cox The Democratic candidate for the election of 1920. Self-Determination The belief that the colonies can decide whether to stay a colony or to declare independence. Collective security The deal that American and Britain will come to Frances aid if there is another war. Normalcy Back to the traditional isolationist America. Zimmerman Note The note written by the German foreign secretary which proposed an alliance with Mexico. Fourteen Points A set of propositions set by Wilson for moral ideas for the end of the war. League of Nations A collective group of nations to work in unison to ensure a peaceful world.

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Committee on Public Information This was formed to inform the public information about the war through propaganda. Espionage and Sedition Acts Laws set to find the true Americans during the war. Industrial Workers of the World A labor union that protested against the war.

War Industries Board A committee to help regulate the factories and to instill order. Nineteenth Amendment Women have the right to vote Food Administration A committee to regulate the usage of food and helped conserve food to feed Americas allies. Irreconcilables A dozen isolationists led by Borah of Idaho and Johnson of California.

Treaty of Versailles Treaty that ended the war that only contained 4 of the original 14 points.

Chapter #30 Guided Reading Questions War by Act of Germany Know: "Peace without Victory," Unlimited Submarine Warfare, Arthur Zimmermann 1. What events led Woodrow Wilson to ask Congress to declare war? The combination of unrestricted sub warfare and the Zimmermann note. Wilsonian Idealism Enthroned Know: Jeannette Rankin 2. Name Wilsons twin war aims. How did these set America apart from the other combatants? Wilson wanted to make the world safe for Democracy and to create a peaceful world order. Wilsons Fourteen Potent Points Know: Fourteen Points 3. List several of Wilsons Fourteen Points. Abolish secret treaties, freedom of the seas, removal of economic barriers, reduction of weapons and adjust colonial claims. Creel Manipulates Minds Know: Committee on Public Information, George Creel, Four-minute Men, The Hun, Over There 4. How were Americans motivated to help in the war effort? Americans were swayed by the propaganda given by the Committee on Public Information.

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Enforcing Loyalty and Stifling Dissent Know: Liberty Cabbage, Espionage Act, Sedition Act, Eugene V. Debs, William D.Haywood 5. How was loyalty forced during WWI? Loyalty was forced through governmental prosecutions. The Nations Factories Go to War Know: Bernard Baruch, War Industries Board 6. Why was it difficult to mobilize industry for the war effort? It was difficult because American has worked with a hands off government and Americans wanted it to stay that way. Workers in Wartime Know: "Work or Fight," National War Labor Board, Wobblies 7. How did the war affect the labor movement? The war began to see an increase of union power and the beginning of womens rights. Suffering Until Suffrage Know: NAWSA, 19th Amendment, Womens Bureau 8. How did the war affect women? Women eventually got the right to vote. Forging a War Economy Know: Food Administration, Herbert Hoover, Meatless Tuesdays, Eighteenth Amendment, Heatless Mondays, Liberty Bonds 9. Did government become too intrusive in peoples lives during the war? Give examples to support your answer. No the government did not get too intrusive because the government wanted voluntary sacrifice from the people to encourage the war effort. Making Plowboys into Doughboys 10. Was the governments effort to raise an army fair and effective? Yes it was because nobody could buy their way out. Fighting in France--Belatedly 11. How were American troops used in Russia? Americans were used to protect supplies and to evacuate the trapped soldiers. America Helps Hammer the Hun Know: Marshal Foch, John J. Pershing, Meuse-Argonne Offensive, Alvin York 12. Describe the effect of the American troops on the fighting. American troops reinvigorated the strength in the faltering allies. The Fourteen Points Disarm Germany Know: Armistice 13. What role did America play in bringing Germany to surrender? The prospect of more soldiers induced Germany surrender. Wilson Steps Down from Olympus Know: Henry Cabot Lodge 14. What political mistakes hurt Wilson in the months following the armistice? Wilson wanted to take a larger part in the peace conference which lost the majority in congress.

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The Idealist Battles the Imperialists in Paris Know: Vittorio Orlando, David Lloyd George, Georges Clemenceau, League of Nations 15. How did Wilsons desire for the League of Nations affect his bargaining at the peace conference? He still gave the territories to the victorious allies even though he doesnt want to. Hammering Out the Treaty Know: William Borah, Hiram Johnson, Irreconcilables 16. What compromises did Wilson make at the peace conference? Wilson made poor compromises with the European powers by doing what he didnt want in Germany, Italy and China. The Peace Treaty That Bred a New War Know: Treaty of Versailles 17. For what reasons did Wilson compromise his 14 Points? He really wanted the League of Nations/ The Domestic Parade of Prejudice 18. Why was the treaty criticized back in America? Some thought that it wasnt harsh enough and some thought it was too harsh. Wilsons Tour and Collapse (1919) 19. What was the purpose and result of Wilsons trip around the country when he returned to America? Wilson wanted to appeal to the people who elected him. Defeat Through Deadlock 20. Why was the treaty finally rejected? It was finally rejected because of Wilsons feud, traditionalism, isolationism, disillusionment and partisanship. The "Solemn Referendum" of 1920 Know: Warren Harding, James M. Cox, Normalcy 21. What did the results of the 1920 election indicate? This indicated that America would rather stay out of global politics than in them. The Betrayal of Great Expectations 22. How much should the U.S. be blamed for the failure of the Treaty of Versailles? 70%, because they gave all the promises and did not follow up with them. Varying Viewpoints: Woodrow Wilson: Realist or Idealist? Know: Realism, Idealism, Wilsonianism 23. To what extent was Wilson realistic when he called for a world of cooperation, equality and justice among nations? He was an idealist because he did not preach logical solutions to the worlds problems and did not understand the perspectives of the other nations.