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ASAS KOMPUTER
Fasilitator:
NOR KAMSIAH JAAPAR
MAZWIN AHMAD
PUSAT PENGURUSAN DAN PEMBANGUNAN
TEKNOLOGI
KERANGKA
PENGURUSAN
SEKOLAH
KERANGKA PENGURUSAN
SEKOLAH
IDEALISME PERANAN / FUNGSI PENCAPAIAN
KEMAHIRAN
SEK. CEMERLANG
VISI
MISI P PENTADBIRAN O
SEK. BERWATAK
R U
O T
S G
PENGURUSAN P SEK. BESTARI
U R U
M A T SEK. BERKESAN
B M
E
KEPIMPINAN
SEK. KLUSTER
R
PERANAN PENGETUA
Zorkarnain Ujang 3
KERANGKA PENGURUSAN
SEKOLAH
IDEALISME PERANAN / FUNGSI PENCAPAIAN
KEMAHIRAN
SEK. CEMERLANG
VISI M
O
MISI D SPIRITUAL O
SEK. BERWATAK
A U
L T
S C SEK. BESTARI
PENGETAHUAN O
U I
M N M SEK. BERKESAN
B S E
E A KEMAHIRAN SEK. KLUSTER
R N
PERANAN PENGETUA
Zorkarnain Ujang 4
MATLAMAT KURSUS
MATLAMAT KURSUS
• Mempertingkatkan pengetahuan,
ketrampilan komputer dan kebolehan
seseorang mengurus sekolah bagi
memenuhi hasrat pengkomputeran KPM
di sekolah
• Berkemampuan untuk merancang,
membangun, melaksana dan mengurus
program pengkomputeran di organisasi
masing-masing.
• Memberi sumbangan berterusan untuk
meningkatkan kualiti pendidikan negara
TERAS 4: MERAPATKAN JURANG
DIGITAL
Program Pembestarian Sekolah pedalaman /
luar bandar mendapat peruntukan tambahan
sebanyak RM72 juta.
RM82 juta bagi kelengkapan telepersidangan,
kemudahan telefon satelit dan faks tanpa talian
selain meningkatkan keupayaan talian di lebih
5,800 buah sekolah di luar bandar dan
pedalaman.
RM113 juta lagi diperuntukkan bagi
mengadakan perisian kursus yang bersesuaian
untuk membantu guru dan murid yang terlibat.
8
KENYATAAN YB MENTERI PELAJARAN - 16 APR 2007
OBJEKTIF KURSUS
OBJEKTIF AM
1642-1645: Pascaline
Blaise Pascal (1623-1662), a French
mathematician and philosopher builds the
Pascaline, also known as the Arithmetic
Machine. This mechanical calculator was built to
help collecting taxes. It had the capability to do
addition and subtraction with up to eight digits,
and ran on a series of gears.
PASCALINE
BLAISE PASCAL
SEJARAH KOMPUTER
KOMPUTER GENERASI AWAL
1804-1805: Jacquard Loom
Joseph-Marie Jacquard builds the Jacquard
Loom. This automatic loom made use of
punch cards, which controlled the machine
and made the machine programmable.
1890: Hollerith Tabulator
Herman Hollerith (1859-1929)
developed an efficient way to conduct
the information gathering and
collecting of the United States
census. Before, clerks had to travel
from city to city-gathering
information for the census.
JACQUARD LOOM
Hollerith Tabulator
SEJARAH KOMPUTER
KOMPUTER GENERASI PERTAMA
1939-1942: Atanasoff-Barry
Computer
The Atanasoff-Barry Computer
(ABC) was the first electronic
computer. It was developed by
physics and mathematics
professor John Atanasoff and
his graduate student, Clifford
Barry. This computer used the
binary system found in modern
computers and its method for
storing data is quite similar to
that of the modern computer.
Atanasoff-Barry Computer
The first model electronic computer
Hollerith Tabulator
SEJARAH KOMPUTER
KOMPUTER GENERASI PERTAMA
1943-1946: ENIAC
In1943, the building of the Electronic Numerical
Integrator Analyzer and Computer (ENIAC)
commenced. Developed by John Mauchley and
J. Presper Eckert Junior at the University of
Pennsylvania's ENIAC was the first general-
purpose, all-electronic, programmable digital
computer. This computer consisted of 18,000
vacuum tubes (used to process data), 70,000
resistors (used to resist the flow of electric
current), 10,000 capacitors (the part of an
electrical circuit used to store charge), 6,000
switches, and 1,500 relays (used to activate
switches when changes in voltages occur).
Atanasoff-Barry Computer
The first model electronic computer
ENIAC COMPUTER
SEJARAH KOMPUTER
KOMPUTER GENERASI KEDUA
1957: FORTRAN
FORTRAN, an acronym for Formula
Translator was the first successful
programming language. This language used
words and sentences instead of the binary
machine codes that had been commonplace
in computers prior to the 1950s.
1959: COBOL
COBOL, the Common Business Oriented
Language, was invented in 1959. This is a
business programming language that
allowed for computer programs to be easily
read.
UNIVAC 1951
SEJARAH KOMPUTER
KOMPUTER GENERASI KEDUA
Cth:CRAY-X-MPFACOM-VP, HITACHI
PENGKELASAN KOMPUTER
3. Mini Komputer Mini komputer bersaiz sederhana besar
dan mempunyai keupayaan yang sederhana. Harganya pula lebih
rendah daripada super komputer.
•Perkakasan (hardware)
•Perisian (software)
Perkakasan (Hardware)
•Monitor
•Keyboard
•CPU
Floppy Disk Drive (Pemacu Disket)
CD ROM Drive (Pemacu CD)
Motherbord (Papan Utama)
Power Supply
RAM Cip
Sound card (Kad Bunyi)
Video card (Kad Tayangan)
Network card (Kad Rangkaian)
Internal modem card
Hard Disk
Perkakasan (Hardware)
• Mouse
• Printer
• Automatic Voltage regulator
• Scanner
• Speaker
• Microphone
• Modem
• Joystick (kayuria)
Perisian (Software)
• System
• Tools/Utilities
• Aplications
• Word processing
• Spread sheet
• Graphics
• Data bases
• CAD
• Games
• Educations
BAHAGIAN KOMPUTER
1. Peranti INPUT
2. Peranti PEMPROSES
3. Peranti OUTPUT
PERANTI INPUT
Input Devices
• Keyboard • Camera
• Scanner • Touch Screen
• Bar Code Monitor
Reader • OMR
• Mouse • OCR
• Microphone • RFID transponder
PERANTI PEMPROSES
• Micro Processor
PERANTI OUTPUT
Output Devices
• Monitor • Plotter/Pemplot
–CRT • Pencetak
–LCD – Laser
• Standard – Inkjet
• TFT – Dotmatrix
• Speaker – Daisy wheel
• Projector
– Thermal
printer
– Line printer
SISTEM UNIT
• Papan sistem (motherboard)
• Processor
• Ingatan – RAM, ROM dan CMOS
• CPU
• Clock system dan bateri
• Display card, Sound card
• Multi I/O card
• Printer port (parallel), Seriel port, USB
port
• Modem dan NIC
• Power supply unit
• Disk controller card
• Expansion slots
CPU
• CPU ( Central Processing Unit ) atau Unit Pemprosesan
Pusat
• Komponen-komponen CPU ( Central Processing Unit ) CPU
mengandungi :
1. Punca bekalan Kuasa Elektrik ( Power Supply )
2. Papan litar Utama ( Main Board / Mother Board )
3. Mikro Prosessor (Processor)
3. Kad Tayangan ( Display Card/VGA Card/Video Card )
4. Cip Ingatan ( RAM chip )
5. Cakera Keras ( Hard Disk Drive )
6. Pemacu cakera liut ( Floppy Disk Drive )
7. Kad Bunyi ( Sound Card ) - Aksessori Multimedia
8. Pemacu Cakera Padat ( CD Drive )- Aksessori Multimedia
CPU-BRIDGE
Untuk slot INTEL PII atau biasa
dipanggil Slot A
CPU-
BRIDGE
Motherboard
Pentium III 350
CPU-MMX (motherboard socket 7)
CPU-
BRIDG
E
MIKRO PROSESSOR
Prosessor Pentium 4
MIKRO PROSESSOR
PENTIUM
48
6
CPU-PENTIUM II
Untuk motherboard jenis slot A atau slot 1.
model terakhir PII 350 mhz diikuti oleh
PIII 400 mhz
(PERUBAHAN
REKABENTUK)
PII,PIII TO P4
Pentium 4 Terkini
Tapak CPU
macam Pentium II
Pentium Technology
Diperkenalkan pada tahun 1993 generasi kelima
dengan menggunakan teknologi BICMOS
menggantikan teknologi CMOS. Kelajuan
memproses CMOS hanya setakat 66mhz sahaja
tetapi dengan teknologi BICMOS kelajuan sudah
melebihi 3000mhz (3gigahertz).
RAM (random-access-memory)
Storan berkerja sementara seperti semasa
menggunakan aplikasi ms office, platform window
dsbnya.
Keluasan RAM diukur dalam ukuran Bait ( Bytes ).
INGATAN KOMPUTER
Memory Computer
Sistem 286 dikeluarkan dengan 1024 K
sistem 386 dibekalkan dengan 2 Mb
sistem 486 dibekalkan dengan 4 Mb
Sistem Pentium 75/90 dibekalkan dengan 8 Mb
Sistem Pentium 100-200 dibekalkan dengan 16 Mb
Sistem Pentium 166 mmx- 233 mmx dibekalkan dengan 8 Mb
168 pin
Memory RAM 30-pin
CPU 8018,80-286,80-386
ALATAN STORAN
Definisi : Storan bermaksud cara
komputer menyimpan data dan
arahan
• Floppy Disk/Cakera liut
• Hard Disk/Cakera keras
• CD/Optical Disk/Cakera optik
• Magnetic Tape/Pita magnet
• Paper Tape/Pita Kertas
• Barcode label
• RFID tag
• PenDrive
MULTIMEDIA PC
1. Multimedia adalah teknologi yang mengabungkan
teknologi video, bunyi dan komputer ( CD-TV ).
Anda dapat menikmati gambar yang bermutu
dan bunyi serta suara yang jelas daripada teknologi ini.
2. Aplikasi
Cth:Word, Spreadsheet, Database,
Graphics, CAD
4. Multimedia
PERISIAN SUMBER TERBUKA
Open Source (OS) atau Perisian Sumber Terbuka
adalah perisian yang kod-kod sumbernya boleh dikongsikan
bersama tanpa ikatan hakcipta yang ketat. Secara ringkasnya kod-
kod dan perisian sumber terbuka boleh dimiliki, dilihat, diubah dan
disebarkan semula kepada umum asalkan ia mematuhi hakcipta
asal sumber terbuka. Contoh :
UNIX
VMSP (mainframe)
VSE (mainframe)
PC DOS (single user)
Novell Netware (network)
Linux (network)