Glossar English Arabic

English
Arabic
100 percent reserve banking

narrow banking
16th Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework

Convention on Climate Change
COP 16
1977 Decision on Surveillance over Exchange Rate Policies

1977 Surveillance Decision
1995 ESA
ESA 1995
European system of accounts 1995
2007 Decision on Bilateral Surveillance
21st Century Initiative
2007
[WB]
21st Century Strategy
[OECD]
Strategy 21
S-21
75th percentile method
a few
a number of
[IMF]
zIMFGlossaryWEBApril2013EnglishArabic
The data herein may not be disseminated in any form without prior written permission of the IMF.
Page1
English
Arabic
AAA bank
AAA debtor
AAA rating
triple-A rating
abandonment
abate, to
abatement
ABCP Money Market Mutual Fund Liquidity Facility

AMLF
abode
above face value

[securities]
above par
above par value
at a premium
above par value
above the line
Page2
English
Arabic
above-the-line item
[budget]
above-the-line entry
absentee rate
absolute advantage
absolute exchange rate
absolute poverty
absolute value
absolutely converging
absorb
absorbed company
[enterprises]
absorbing company
[enterprises]
surviving company
absorption
absorption approach to the balance of trade

absorption approach
Page3
English
Arabic
absorptive capacity
absorption capacity
abstract number
abstract of title
Abu Dhabi Fund for Arab Economic Development
ADFAED
Abu Dhabi Securities Market
ADSM
abuse of law
abuse of power
academic qualifications
Accelerated Access Initiative
[World Bank]
accelerated and shared growth initiative
[South Africa]
ASGI-SA
accelerated cost recovery system
ACRS
accelerated purchase
Page4
English
Arabic
accelerated rate of depreciation

accelerated depreciation
acceleration clause
accelerator principle
accelerator
acceptance credit
acceptance house
acceptance limit
( )
[SDR designation]
acceptance of membership
[BL]
acceptance of SDRs
acceptance sampling
access limit
[IMF]
access policy and access limits
[IMF]
Page5
Arabic
English
access policy
][IMF

) (
access to a facility
][IMF
access to the market
accessibility
][DQAF
accession country
access-level policy

] - [1993
accidental damage

/

] - [1993
Page6
][BPM5
accommodate, need to
accommodating
][BOP
accommodation bill
accommodations
English
Arabic
accommodative monetary policy

accommodating policy
accommodating stance
accommodation
easy monetary policy
monetary accommodation
Accord Implementation Group
AIG
account mandate
[banking]
accountability
[GFSM]
Accountant
[IMF-FIN]
Accounting and Auditing Organization for Islamic Financial
Institutions
[FSIG]
AAOIFI
accounting basis
accounting concept
accounting conventions
[GDDS]
Page7
English
Arabic
accounting cross exchange rate
accounting currency
accounting date
[BPM5]
accounting equation
balance sheet equation
accounting identity
Accounting Office
Court of Accounts
accounting period
accounting practices
accounting methods
accounting procedures
accounting rate
book rate
accounting standards
accounting principles
accounting rules
accounting system

[1993 - ]
Page8
English
Arabic
accounting unit
accounting entity
accounts and departments
[IMF]
Accounts and Financial Reports Division
accounts of the IMF in member countries
IMF accounts in member countries
Accounts Payable Unit
[FIN/AX/AP]
accounts payable
payables
accounts receivable
Accra Agenda for Action
AAA
Triple A
accrual basis
accrual basis accounting

accrual accounting
Page9
English
Arabic
accruals
[accounting]
accrued annual leave
[IMF-HRD]
accrued charges
[IMF]
accrued expenses
[accounting]
accrued income
accrued revenue
accrued asset
accrued interest
accrued interest receivable
accrued sick leave
[IMF-HRD]
accrued to the date of liquidation
[AA]
accruing liabilities
accumulated depreciation
accrued depreciation
Page10
English
Arabic
accumulation account
accumulation flows
accumulation of arrears
accumulation of external arrears
accuracy and reliability

[DQAF]
acid rain
acid-test ratio
[USA]
quick asset ratio
quick ratio
cash ratio
[corporations]
absolute liquid ratio
ACP-EEC Convention (between the African, Caribbean, and

Pacific States and the European Economic Community)
Lom Convention
acquaintance mission
[IMF]
exploratory mission
acquired immune deficiency syndrome
( )
AIDS
Page11
English
Arabic
acquired rights clause

grandfather clause
acquiring bank
acquis communautaire
acquisition
acquisition approach
[CPI; GFSM 2001; MFSM 2000]
acquisition approach to interest expense
acquisition cost

[1993 -]
acquisition of non-produced, nonfinancial assets

[BPM5, SNA]
acquisition of SDRs
[IMF]
Acropolypse
( )
(Acropolypse)
across-the-board ex-post sequestration
across-the-board protectionist measures
act of consent
[IMF quotas]
Page12
English
Arabic
act of God
natural disaster
acting
Acting ...
..
[IMF]
action of the Fund relating to restrictions

[AA]
Action Program for Development
actionable subsidy
activate
activation review

[1993-]
[CCL]
active account
active claim
active investor
active labor market programs
[World Bank]
ALMPs
Page13
English
Arabic
active management
active money
activist policy
discretionary policy
active policy
activity ratio
activity report
[IMF]
actual exchange rate
actual final consumption
actual GNP
actual income
actual interest yield

effective yield
actual rate of return
actual revenues/expenditures
actuals
Page14
English
Arabic
actuarial deficit
actuarial reserve
[insurance]
actuarial valuation
actuary's valuation
Ad Hoc Committee on International Terrorism
Ad Hoc Committee on the Restructuring of the Economic and

Social Sectors of the United Nations System
[UN]
Ad Hoc Group of Experts on Restrictive Business Practices
[UNCTAD]
ad hoc quota boosters
ad hoc quota increase
ad hoc request
[IMF quotas]
ad referendum
ad valorem royalty
( )

AVR
Page15
English
Arabic
ad valorem tariff
ad valorem
[taxation]
adaptable program loan
[IBRD]
APL
Adaptation Fund
adaptive efficiency
adaptive expectations
adaptive research
additionality
additive operation
[mathematics]
additivity
add-on account
[retirement pensions]
adequacy of financing
Page16
English
Arabic
adequacy of reserves
reserves adequacy
adequacy of the Fund's financial resources
adequate safeguards
[IMF]
adjoint matrix
adjustable exchange rate
adjustable rate mortgage
ARM
adjustable-mortgage loan
AML
variable-rate mortgage
VRM
adjustable rate
floating interest rate
floating rate
variable rate
variable-rate interest
adjusted overall fiscal balance

[GFSM 2001]
adjustment equation
adjustment fatigue
Page17
English
Arabic
adjustment of charges
[IMF]
adjustment of quotas
[IMF]
adjustment of the peg
adjustment path
adjustment process
adjustment program
[IMF]
adjustment to cash basis

[IFS]
adjustment to cash
adjustment transaction
[GFS 1986]
adjustment with growth
( )
Administered Account - country

[IMF - contribution from a country]
Administered Account for Selected Fund Activities - Japan
[IMF]
Page18
English
Arabic
Administered Account
[IMF]
administered price
controlled price
administrative price
administration of control
[AREAER]
administration of liquidation
[AA]
administration of restrictions

[1993-]
[IMF]
administration order
[UK]
administrative action
Administrative Assistant to the Executive Director
[IMF-OED]
Administrative Assistant
[IMF]
administrative budget
[IMF]
Page19
English
Arabic
Administrative Circular
[IMF document series; AC/...]

AC
Administrative Committee on Coordination
[UN]
ACC
Administrative Division
[INS/AV]
Administrative Expenditures and Control Division
[FIN/AX]
AECD
administrative expenses
[IMF]
administrative costs
administrative fees and charges
[GFS 1986]
administrative law
Administrative Law Unit
[IMF-LEG]
administrative machinery
Administrative Officer
[IMF]
AO
Page20
English
Arabic
Administrative Payments Section
[FIN/AX/AP]
administrative receiver
[insolvency, UK]
receiver
administrative receivership
[insolvency, UK]
Administrative Services Division
Administrative Services
[TGS/D]
Administrative Tribunal
[IMF]
administrator
[insolvency, UK]
ADR
ADS
American depositary receipt

[USA]
American depositary share
advance
advance deposit
import deposit
Page21
English
Arabic
advance mission
[IMF]
advance payment
advance payment bond
advance redemption
advance repayment
advance release calendar

ARC
advanced country
advancement of women
adverse feedback loop

negative feedback loop
adverse option
[audit]
adverse opinion
adverse audit opinion
adverse selection
[banking; insurance]
advertising, market research, and public opinion polling

[BPM5]

[1993 -]
Page22
English
Arabic
Advisor on Diversity, Senior
[IMF-HRD]
Advisor on Work Practices
[IMF-OMD]
Advisor to the Executive Director
[IMF-OED]
Advisor
[IMF]
Advisor, Senior
[IMF]
Advisory Committee on Risk Management
ACRM
Advisory Group on Sub-Saharan Africa
AGSA
advisory opinion
advisory report
[IMF]
advocacy role
[IMF, capital account liberalization]
affidavit
Page23
English
Arabic
affiliated enterprise
affiliate
affirmative action
affirmative covenant
positive covenant
affluence test
means test
affluent society
Afghanistan Reconstruction Trust Fund
[IBRD]
Afghanistan
The Transitional Islamic State of Afghanistan
Africa Action Plan

[G-8]
G8 Africa Action Plan

Kananaskis Africa Action Plan
Africa Capacity Building Initiative
[IMF]
Africa Enterprise Fund
[IBRD-IFC]
AEF
Page24
English
Arabic
Africa Guarantee Facility
AGF
Africa Project Development Facility
[AfDB-IFC-UNDP]
APDF
Africa Regional Division
[MCM/R1]
African Capacity Building Foundation
ACBF
African Capacity Building Fund
African Capacity Building Initiative
[IBRD-AfDB-UNDP]
ACBI
African Capacity Building Trust Fund

[World Bank]
Capacity Building Trust Fund

[World Bank]
CBTF
African Caucus
[IMF]
African Centre for Monetary Studies
( )
( )
ACMS
African Common Market
Page25
English
Arabic
African Consultative Group
ACG
African countries of the franc zone
African countries of the CFA zone
African Cultural Institute
ACI
African Department
[IMF]
AFR
African Development Bank
AfDB
ADB
African Development Fund
AfDF
ADF
African Development Report
African Division
[INS/AC]
African Economic Policy Reform Program
AEPRP
African Economic Research Consortium
AERC
Page26
English
Arabic
African Enterprise Fund
FEA
African Export-Import Bank
AFREXIMBANK
African Financial Community
[BCEAO]
CFA
African Forum and Network on Debt and Development

AFRODAD
African Groundnut Council
AGC
African Group I
[IMF-IBRD]
(1)
(1)
Africa Group I Constituency
African Group II
[IMF-IBRD]
(2)
(2)
Africa Group II Constituency
African Group
[IMF-IBRD]
Group of African Governors

African Caucus
African Growth and Opportunity Act
[USA]
AGOA
Page27
English
Arabic
African Institute for Economic and Social Development
African Institute for Economic Development and Planning
[ECA]
IDEP
African Institute of Informatics
African Management Services Company
[World Bank]
AMSCO
African National Congress
African peer review mechanism
[NEPAD]
APRM
African Platform of Action
[UN; World Conference on Women]
African Regional Technical Assistance Center
AFRITAC
African Round Table
African Trade Centre
[ECA]
African Union
AU
Page28
English
Arabic
( )
African Virtual University

AVU
African, Caribbean and Pacific Group of States

ACP Group
ACP States
Africa's Priority Programme for Economic Recovery, 1986-1990
1990-1986
[UN]
Afro-Latin Seminar on International Trade Law and Policy
[IBRD]
after taxes
( )
age analysis (of accounts)
agency
agency bank
agency bond
agency debt
agency debenture
agency debt market
Page29
English
Arabic
agency fee
[capital market]
Agency for Air Traffic Safety in Africa and Madagascar
[Madagascar]
ASECNA
Agency for International Development
[USA]
AID
USAID
agency transaction
[GFS 1986]
Agenda 2010
2010
[GER]
Agenda 21
[UNCED]
Environment and Development Agenda
Program of Action for Sustainable Development
[UN]
Agenda and Procedures Committee
[IMF]
APC
Agenda for Development
agenda
[IMF, Executive Board]
Page30
English
Arabic
Agenda
Executive Board Agenda

[IMF document series]
agent
agent's fees
[BPM5]
agflation
agglomeration economies
agglomeration
urban agglomeration
agglomerative hierarchical methods
aggregate calculated quota share
aggregate data
aggregate demand

[1993 -]
aggregate demand function
aggregate poverty reduction
aggregate real gross national product
aggregate real GNP
Page31
English
Arabic
aggregate supply
aggregate supply function
aggregate time series
aggregating body
[EITI, Mining Reporting Guidelines]
aggregation
aggregation bias
aggregation point sampling
aggregation, degree of
aggregator bank
bad bank
aggressive investor
aggressive tax planning
aging of the population

aging population
agreed higher limit
[IMF, access policy]
Page32
English
Arabic
agreed minute
[Paris Club]
agreement
agreement in principle
[debt restructuring]
Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures
[WTO]
ASCM
Agreement on the European Economic Area
[EU]
EEA Agreement
agreement, use by
[SDR]
agribusiness
agroindustries
agricultural crops
crops
Agricultural Development Bank
AgBank
agricultural exporter
Page33
English
Arabic
agricultural extension services
agricultural extension
extension services
agricultural sector adjustment credit
ASAC
agricultural sector adjustment project
ASAP
agricultural, mining, and on-site processing

[BPM5]
agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting

[1993 -]
[GFSM; GFSY]
aid effectiveness
aid flows
Aid for Trade
aid fragmentation
aid missions and services

[BPM5]
aid-by-trade concept
aid-dependence syndrome

[1993 -]
Page34
English
Arabic
aide-mmoire
[IMF]
air transport
[GFSM; BPM5]

[1993 -]
aircraft
[1993 -]
aircraft insurance

[1993 -]
[BPM5]
airport fees
[BPM5, SNA]
algorism
alien registration requirements

[AA]

[1993 - ]

[1993-]
alleviation of poverty
Alliance for Progress
[USA]
AP
Alliance of Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Congo
all-inclusive concept
allocate
Page35
English
Arabic
allocation
allocation cartel
( )

allocation mechanism
allocation of SDRs
SDR allocation
allocations and allotments
[GFS 1986]
allocative efficiency of resources

Pareto efficiency
Pareto optimal
Pareto optimality
Paretian optimality
allocative key
allotted number of votes
[IMF]
allowance for loan and lease loss

ALLL
all-purpose credit
alternative measure of variability
Page36
English
Arabic
alternative minimum tax
[USA]
alternative recipient system
alternative scenario
[WEO]
alternative sources of energy
Alternative-A Mortgage
[USA]
ALT-A Mortgage
Amanah deposit
[Islamic banking]
amended Articles of Agreement

[IMF]
Articles of Agreement as amended
amendment (to the Articles of Agreement)
( )
[IMF]
amendment
[SNA93]
American Bar Association
[1993-]
[USA]
ABA
Page37
English
Arabic
American Recovery and Reinvestment Act

Recovery Act
American Stock Exchange

Amex
the Curb
American-style option
[securities market]
American option
AML ROSC module
AML supervisory principles
amortization
amortization abroad
( )
[GFSY]
amortization profile
amortization schedule
amount of access
( )
[IMF]
amount outstanding
Page38
English
Arabic
amount payable forthwith
An Agenda for Peace : Preventive Diplomacy, Peace Making and
Peace Keeping
Analysis and Control Section
Analysis and Control Unit
analytic framework
analytical framework
Analytical and Advisory Activities
AAA
analytical and advisory services program
[[WB]]
Analytical Framework for Financial Stability Analysis
[IMF]
anchor currency
anchor unit
[IBRD]
anchor
[monetary policy]
anchored inflation expectations
Page39
English
Arabic

[1989 - ]
ancillary departmental enterprise
ancillary meetings
[IMF-IBRD Annual Meetings]
ancillary services
Andean Common Market

ANCOM
Andean Development Corporation

ADC
Andean Group
anecdotal evidence
Anglophone Africa Division/Area

AA
AFR1
animals for breeding, show or racing

[BPM5]
[1993 -]
animals for racing

[BPM5]
animals for show

[BPM5]

[1993 -]

[1993 -]
Page40
English
Arabic
annual arrangement
[ESAF, PRGF]
Annual Bank Conference on Development Economics

[World Bank]
ABCDE
Annual Bank Conference on Development in Latin America and
the Caribbean
[World Bank]
ABCD-LAC
annual leave
[IMF-HRD]
Annual Meetings (of the Boards of Governors) of the International

Monetary Fund and the World Bank
[IMF-World Bank]
Annual Meetings of the Board of Governors

Annual Meetings
annual overlap technique
Annual Report of the Executive Board
[IMF]
Annual Report
Annual Report on Exchange Arrangements and Exchange
Restrictions
[IMF; publication not translated]
AREAER
ARER
Page41
English
Arabic
Annual Report on Portfolio Performance
[IBRD]
ARPP
annualize
annuity
annuity insurance
antedated check
anticipated growth rate
anticipatory purchase

[]
anticompetitive practices
anticyclical reserve fund
anticyclical tax
antidumping duty
antimode
[statistics]
Page42
English
Arabic
anti-money laundering measure
anti-money laundering
AML
anti-money laundering/combating the financing of terrorism
AML/CFT
antiseptic wipe
anti-surge provisions
anti-surge mechanism
anti-surge measure
antiviral drug
apex institution
apparent consumption
Appeals Board
[NATO]
Appellate Body
[WTO]
applicant country
[EU]
Page43
English
Arabic
application for membership
[IMF]
appointed Executive Director
[IMF]
apportionment of appropriations
[USA]
apportionment of credit
apportionment of a loan
appreciate
appropriate market rate

[debt]
( )
AMR
appropriate technology
appropriation
appropriation ceiling
appropriation-in-aid
[budget]
approximate cash basis

[GFS 1986]

[1989 - ]
Page44
English
Arabic
Arab accounting dinar

[AMF]
AAD
Arab Authority for Agricultural Investment and Development

AAAID
Arab Bank for Economic Development in Africa

ABEDA
BADEA
Arab Centre for Studies of Arid Zones and Dry Lands
( )
[League of Arab States]

ACSAD
Arab Common Market
ACM
Arab Convention on the Suppression of Terrorism
Arab Educational, Cultural and Scientific Organization
ALECSO
Arab Fund for Economic and Social Development
AFESD
Arab Industrial Development and Mining Organization
AIDMO
Arab Industrial Development Organization
AIDO
Page45
English
Arabic
Arab League
Arab Maghreb Union
AMU
Arab Monetary Fund
AMF
Arab Organization for Agricultural Development
AOAD
Arab Organization for Human Rights
AOHR
Arab Planning Institute
API
Arab Tourism Federation
ATU
Arab Tourism Organization
ATU
Arab Tourism Union
ATU
Arab-African International Bank
Arab-African Union
Arabian light
Page46
English
Arabic
Arabic and Russian Division
[TGS/LB]
Arabic Section
[TGS]
Arab-led syndicated Euroloan
Arab-to-Arab Eurolending
arbitrage
arbitrage condition
arbitrager
arbitrageur
arbitrary value
[tax assessment, statistics]
arbitration clause
arbitrator
[AA]
arc elasticity
architectural, engineering, and other technical services

[1993 -]
Page47
English
Arabic
Archives and Electronic Records Unit
[SEC/RC/AR/AE]
Archives and Records Management Section
[TGS/DI/AR]
Archives and Records Section
Archivist
area department
[IMF]
area sampling
argument
[mathematics]
arithmetic mean
mean
arithmetical average
arithmetic average
[CPI]
Arms Control and Disarmament Agency
[UN]
ACDA
Page48
English
Arabic
arm's length pricing principle

arm's length price
arm's length
[trade]
Arrangement Regarding International Trade in Textiles

[GATT]
Multifibre Arrangement
arrangements
array
arrears clearance
[post-conflict assistance]
arrears country
[IMF]
country with payment arrears
Arrow-Debreu model
Art/Drafting Unit
[TGS/DG/GR/AD]
Article IV
Page49
English
Arabic
Article IV consultation discussions
[IMF]
consultation discussions
Article IV consultations
[IMF]
Article VIII country

[IMF]
Article VIII obligations

[IMF]
Articles of Agreement of the International Monetary Fund

[IMF]
Articles of Agreement
Fund Agreement
Articles of the Fund
artificial person
legal entity
corporation
corporate body
artisanal industry
cottage industry
Arusha Declaration
as amended
Page50
English
Arabic
as needed
[ESAF; HIPC]
on an as needed basis
[HIPC initiative]
as relevant
[GDDS]
ASEAN3
ASEAN-4 countries
Asia and Pacific Department
[IMF]
APD
Asia and Pacific Regional Division
[MCM/R2]
Asia Division/Area 1
(1) /
[MFD/AI/AP]
APD1
Asia Division/Area 2
() /
[MFD/AI/AP]
APD2
Asian Bond Fund
Asian Bond Market Initiative
ABMI
Page51
English
Arabic
Asian Clearing Union

ACU
Asian Currency Unit

ACU
Asian Development Bank

AsDB
ADB
Asian Development Fund

ADF
Asian Division
[INS/AN]
Asian dollar
Asian Institute for Economic Development and Planning

AIEDP
Asian noodle bowl
Asian Productivity Organization
APO
Page52
English
Arabic
Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation Forum

APEC
APEC Council
APEC Forum
Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation
Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation Council
Asia-Pacific Economic Forum
assessment letter
[IMF]
comfort letter
assessment statement
assessment mission
[IMF-IBRD]
Assessment of Financial Sector Supervision and Regulation
AFSSR
assessment roll
[taxation]
assessment list
assessment
[SNA93]
assessor
[taxation]
asset
Page53
English
Arabic
asset allocation
portfolio allocation
asset class
asset encumbrance
asset holdings
asset liability management
ALM
asset operation
asset preference
asset price bubble
bubble
asset bubble
asset quality
asset recovery
asset stripping
Page54
English
Arabic
asset swap
asset-backed commercial paper
ABCP
asset-backed securities index

ABX
asset-backed securities
ABS
asset-holding entity
assets outstanding

[1993 -]
[BPM5]
assignment
Assistant to the Director
[IMF]
Assistant to the Secretary
[IMF-SEC]
Associate
[IMF]
associated borrowing arrangement

[IMF, GAB]
associated agreement
Page55
English
Arabic
associated enterprise
associate
associated company
associated group
[BPM5]
association agreement
[EC]
Association for Financial Markets in Europe

[1993 -]
AFME
Association for the Advancement of Agricultural Sciences in Africa
AAASA
Association of African Central Banks
AACB
Association of African Development Finance Institutions
AADFI
Association of Bank Supervisory Agencies in Latin America
Association of Development Financing Institutions in Asia and the
Pacific
ADFIAP
Association of Iron Ore Exporting Countries
APEF
Page56
English
Arabic
Association of National Numbering Agencies
[Brussels, Belgium]
ANNA S.C.
Association of Natural Rubber Producing Countries
ANRPC
Association of Southeast Asian Nations
( )
ASEAN
assume debt
assumed mean
assumption
assumption of debt
debt assumption
assumption of normality
normality assumption
assurances of integrity
[GDDS]
assured payment system
[securities settlement systems]
assured use
[SDR]
Page57
English
Arabic
asymmetric exchange rate intervention

asymmetrical intervention
asymmetric intervention
asymptote
asymptotic expansion
asymptotic properties
large sample properties
asymptotic theory
asymptotically efficient estimate
at the border [measures, effects, etc.]

border [measures, effects, etc.]
Atlantic Division
( (
( (
[WHD/AT]
atomistic competitor
attachment
( )
Attali Commission for the Liberation of French Growth

Attali Commission
Page58
English
Arabic
attendance list
at-the-money option
attribution of production
attrition
attrition rate
auction bid form
auction price
[economics]
auction rate
[exchange rates]
auction sale
auction
auction-rate security
ARS
Audio/Visual Services Unit
[TGS/DF/FO/AV]
audiovisual and related services

[BPM5]

[1993 -]
Page59
English
Arabic
audit
audit committee
audit firm rotation
audit office
auditing department
audit opinion
audit partner rotation
Audit Principal, Senior
[IMF-OIA]
audit testing
[USA]
audit trail
audited financial statements
auditing standard
audit standard
Page60
English
Arabic
Auditor
[IMF-OIA]
Auditor, Senior
[IMF-OIA]
augmentation of resources
( )
[IMF]
augmented balance
augmented resources
[IMF]
augmented Fund resources
austerity program
australasia
Australia East Timor Rural Development Program
AETRDP
authority to allocate special drawing rights
authorization date
authorization
budget authorization

[1993 - ]

Page61
English
Arabic
authorized bank
[exchange market]
authorized capital
autocorrelation
serial correlation
Automated Clearing House

ACH
automated standard application for payments
ASAP
Automated System for Customs Data

[UNCTAD]
ASYCUDA
Automated System for Customs Data and Management
Automated System for Customs Data Acquisition, Control and
Management
[UNCTAD]
automated teller machine

[banking]
ATM
automatic budgetary stabilizer
automatic data processing

ADP
Page62
English
Arabic
automatic stabilizer
built-in stabilizer
Automatic Transfer Services Account
[USA]
ATS Account
autonomous consumption
autonomous investment
autonomous variable
autoregression
autoregressive model
autoregressive process
auxiliary measures
auxiliary services
availability fee
availability payment
available central government
[GFS 1986]
Page63
English
Arabic
available-for-sale financial asset
available for sale asset

available for sale
AFS
average
average daily balance
average effective tax rate
AETR
average percentage change

[CPI]
Average Petroleum Spot Prices
[IMF, WEO]
APSP
Average Petroleum Spot Price
average price change

[CPI]
average-inflation country
averaging provision
reserve requirement averaging
avian flu pandemic
Page64
English
Arabic
avian influenza
avian flu
bird flu
avoidance of cross-conditionality
[IMF]
awaiting clearance
[AA]
award system

[1993-]
[Australia]
award
( )
[procurement]
axiometry
baby boom
baby boomer

( )

back donor
back office
backcast
backcasting
backchecking
Page65
English
Arabic
background paper
backline services
[IBRD]
backloaded stimulus package
back-loading
[IMF]
backstopping facilities
backstopping
[IMF technical assistance]
backtest
[bank supervision]
backtesting
back-to-back credit
back-to-back loan
back-to-back guarantee
back-to-back missions
[IMF]
Page66
Arabic

48
English
back-to-office report
BTO
forty-eight-hour report
debrief
][IMF
back-up line
backward linkage
][industry
backward shifting
backwardation
backward-looking expectations
backward-looking indexation
bad asset
bad loan

] - [1993
Page67
bad debt
][accounting
baggage fees
English
Arabic
bail in
bail out
rescue
bailout
( )
( )
rescue
Baker initiative
Baker plan
Program for Sustained Growth
balance of payments analysis
Balance of Payments and External Debt Division I, II
()( )
[STA/A1, A2]
balance of payments assistance

balance of payments support
Balance of Payments Compilation Guide
balance of payments constraint
balance of payments deficit

payments deficit
balance of payments equilibrium
balance of payments financing
Page68
English
Arabic
balance of payments flows
balance of payments identity
[BOP]
Balance of Payments Manual - 5th edition
1993 -
BPM5
Balance of Payments Manual
[IMF]
BPM
balance of payments need

[IMF]
Balance of Payments Newsletter
[IMF]
balance of payments position

payments position
balance of payments report
[BPM5]
balance of payments statement

[BPM5]
Balance of Payments Statistics Yearbook

[1993 - ]
[IMF]
BOPSY
Page69
English
Arabic
balance of payments statistics
BOP statistics
balance of payments surplus
balance of payments test
[IMF]
Balance of Payments Textbook
[IMF]
balance of payments
[IFS; SNA93]
balance of risks
balance of trade
trade balance
[IFS]
balance on hand
balance sheet account
balance sheet accounting
[SNA 93]
balance sheet approach to financial crisis

balance sheet approach
Page70
English
Arabic
balance sheet basis, on a
[BPM5]
balance sheet channel

broad credit channel
balance sheet cleansing
balance sheet clean-up
balance sheet consolidation
consolidation of balance sheets

consolidated balance sheet
balance sheet mismatch
balance sheet revaluation

[BPM5]
balance sheet value

[1993 -]
[SNA, BPM5]
balance sheet vulnerabilities
balance sheet
general balance sheet
statement of financial position
statement of financial condition
statement of condition
statement of assets and liabilities
balance sheet statement
Page71
English
Arabic
balance statement
[SNA]
balance

[1993 - ]
[SNA93; accounting]
Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act

[USA]
--

Gramm-Rudman-Hollings Act
balanced budget multiplier
balanced budget
neutral budget
balanced distribution of holdings
[IMF]
balanced growth
balanced half-samples
BHS
balanced repeated replication

BRR
balanced positions
[IMF]
balances due to banks abroad
[GMBS]
Page72
English
Arabic
balance-sheet effect
balancing item
balancing statement
[SNA]
Balassa-Samuelson Effect
Bali Action Plan
Bali Roadmap
balloon loan
Baltic countries, Russia, and other countries of the former Soviet
Union
BRO
Baltic Division
Baltic states
bandpass filter
bank advisory committee
[London Club]
advisory committee
steering committee
Page73
English
Arabic
Bank Al-Maghrib
[Morocco]
bank assessment
bank balance sheet restructuring
bank call
bank call report form

bank report form
( )
report form
[IFS]
bank call report
call report
bank cash ratio
bank debits
bank draft
[SNA93]
banker's draft
bank examination
bank failure
Page74
English
Arabic
Bank for International Settlements
BIS
bank holding company
[FSIG]
bank insurance fund
BIF
bank liquidity ratio
bank loan
[GFS 1986]
bank advances
bank money
bank money order
bank note redemption
[currency]
Bank of Central African States
BEAC
bank of issue
currency issuing agency
bank prudential indicator
Page75
English
bank reconciliation
Arabic
( )
bank resolution mechanism
bank return
bank run
bank panic
run on a bank
run on deposits
bank secrecy
Bank Secrecy Act
[U.S.]
BSA
Currency and Foreign Transactions Reporting Act
bank supervision
banking supervision
bank supervisors
bank writedowns
Bank/Fund Conferences Office
[SEC/AI/BF]
BFCO
banker's acceptance
bank acceptance
Page76
English
Arabic
bankers' bank
bankers' deposit
[central bank]
bankers' reserves
Bank-Fund AML assessment
Bank-Fund Financial Sector Liaison Committee
( )
[IMF-WB]
FSLC
banking
banking advisory group
[IFC]
banking authorities
banking book
banking soundness
Banking Supervision and Regulation Division
Page77
English
Arabic
banking survey
[GMBS; IFS]
banklike institutions, other
[GMBS]
banknote migration
banknote, uncirculated
[BOP]
banknotes and coins
bankruptcy
bankruptcy law
banks in distress
distressed banks
bar chart
bar graph
bar

[1993 -]

[gold]
bargaining position
Page78
English
Arabic
bargaining power
barrel(s) of oil equivalent
/ )(
BOE
barrier to entry
[trade]
barter
barter economy
base case lending scenario
[World Bank, CAS]
base effect
base money
monetary base
reserve money
central bank money
high-powered money
base page
base period
base year
[statistics]
reference year
Page79
English
Arabic
Basel Capital Accord

[BIS]
Basel capital adequacy ratio

[MPI]
capital adequacy rules
Basel capital deductions
[MPI]
Basel capital
[MPI]
Basel Committee on Banking Supervision

BCBS
Basel Committee
Cooke Committee
Basel Concordat
[BIS]
Basel II
[BIS]
baseline feature
[IMF]
baseline projection
Page80
English
Arabic
baseline scenario
[IMF]
reference scenario
RS
benchmark scenario
trend scenario
business-as-usual scenario
BAU
nonintervention scenario
base-to-income elasticity
base-weighted price index

base-weighted index
Laspeyres index
[FSIG]
base-year price
BASIC
BASIC

basic balance
[BPM5]
basic foodstuffs
staples
basic needs poverty line
Page81
English
Arabic
basic period
[IMF]
basic rate of charge
[IMF]
basic vote
[IMF]
basis
basis of assessment
basis of recording
[GFSM 2001]
basis of reporting
basis point
BPS
basis risk
basket of goods and services
basket peg
basket pegging
composite peg
batch transfer
Page82
English
Arabic
Bayesian estimator
Bayesian Information Criterion
BIC
beachhead effect
bear market
[securities exchange]
bearish market
bear operator
bear
bearer bill
bearer note
bearer check
check to bearer
bearer instrument
bearer paper
bearer security
before taxes
pretax
beggar-my-neighbor policy
beggar-thy-neighbor policy
behavior variable
Page83
English
Arabic
behavioral economics
behavioral equation
behavioral equilibrium exchange rate
BEER
behind the border [measures, effects, etc.]

[trade]
below the line

[BPM5, GFS 1986]
below-the-line item
benchmark bond index
[IMF]
benchmark ratio
[SDR allocation]
benchmark survey
benchmark
[IMF, PRGF]
performance benchmark
benchmarking
/
/

Page84
English
Arabic
benchmarking club
benchmark-to-indicator ratio
BI ratio
beneficial owner
beneficial ownership
beneficial owner
beneficial interest holder
beneficial interest
benefit incidence analysis
benefit principle of taxation
benefit
benefits
Benefits Administration Section
[HRD/SB/BA]
Benefits Administration Unit
[HRD/SB/BA/ ...]
benefits in cash
[BPM5]

[1993 - ]
cash benefits
Page85
English
Arabic
Benelux Economic Union
benevolent social planner
benign neglect
best case scenario

optimistic scenario
best critical region
best estimate
best estimator
best practices
BP
best-fit curve
best-fitting curve
better case scenario
better-policies scenario
[WEO]
best-policies scenario
optimistic scenario
bias
( )
[statistics]
Page86
English
Arabic
biased estimator
biased sample
biased
[statistics]
bicyclic procedure
[IMF consultations]
bi-cycle
bid bond
bid opening
[procurement]
bid price
bid security
( )
[procurement]
bid up (prices)
bid
tender
bid-ask spread
( )
[FSIG; MPI]
Page87
English
Arabic
bidder
tenderer
bid-offer spread
[exchange rates]
biennial consultation
[IMF]
biennial surveillance review
BSR
Biennial Review of Surveillance
big bang reform

big bang
Big Mac index
big-push theory
bilateral central rate

[EMS]
bilateral creditor
( )
[HIPC Initiative]
bilateral deadline
Page88
English
Arabic
bilateral monopoly
bilateral netting
bilateral official creditors
bilateral oligopoly
bilateral Paris Club agreements

/
/

[Paris Club]
bilateral payments agreement

[GMBS]
bilateral payments arrangement
bilateral statements
[BPM5]
bilateral surveillance
[IMF]
Article IV surveillance
bilateral trade weight
bill
Page89
English
Arabic
bill of exchange
draft
[IMF]
bill of quantities
bill of sale
billion
[IMF-IBRD; USA]
billions of dollars
$BN
BNBN
bills payable
bimetallic standard
bimetallism
bi-metalism
bimodal distribution
Binary-Coded Decimal
BCD
binding
binding agreement
Page90
English
Arabic
binomial
binomial distribution
biodiversity
bipolar view
bit
binary digit
bivariate distribution
Black Economic Empowerment
[South Africa]
BEE
black economy
black market
[SNA93]
Black Scholes options pricing model
black swan
Blair Commission
blank acceptance
Page91
English
Arabic
blank check
blank credit
blank transfer
blanket tax holiday
blend country
[IBRD-IDA]
blended credits
[USA]
blended GDP variable
blending of resources
blending
block grant
[USA]
blocked account
[GMBS]
BLS Library
[IMF]
Page92
English
Arabic
blue chip
gilt-edged security
[GBR]
blue sky law

[USA]
Board Briefing
Informal Board Briefing
Board Discussion
Board document
[IMF]
board lot
round lot
Board of Executive Directors
[WB]
Board
Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System

[USA]
Federal Reserve Board

FRB
Board of Governors
[IMF]
Board Operations Officer
[IMF-SEC]
Page93
English
Arabic
board seminar
bona fide
bond
Bond Clearing House

[EC]
EUROCLEAR
bond coupon
coupon
bond holder
bond issue
bond market rally
bond market
fixed-income market
bond mutual fund
bond portfolio
holdings of bonds
( )

Page94
English
Arabic
bond seniority
bond warrant
debt warrant
bond yield
bond(, under)
[customs]
bonded debt
bonded indebtedness
bonded good
bonded manufacturing warehouse
bonded transportation company
bond-equivalent yield
BEY
bonds and notes
bonds and other securities
[BPM5]
bonds payable
Page95
English
Arabic
bonds with optional maturity dates
[BOP]
bonus consideration
[oil and gas]
bonus interest rate
bonus share
bonus stock
book building
book of final entry
[accounting]
book of original entry
[accounting]
book profit
book runner
book
enter
book-entry security
paperless security
Page96
English
Arabic
book-entry system
bookkeeper
bookkeeping
[BPM5]
books and records

[accounting]
accounting records
accounting documents
book-to-bill ratio
boolean
boom
boom-bust cycle
boom and bust
bootstrap
resampling with replacement
border barriers
[trade]
border tax adjustment
Page97
English
Arabic
border trade
border worker
borderline case
borrow short and lend long
borrowed reserves
Borrowed Resources Suspense Accounts

[IMF]
BRSA
borrowed resources
[IMF]
borrowing arrangement
[IMF]
borrowing agreement
borrowing by authorities or other sectors on authorities' behalf

[BPM5]

[1993 - ]
borrowing capacity
borrowing ceiling
borrowing for balance of payments support
[BPM5]
Page98
English
Arabic
borrowing rate
borrowing ratio
[IMF borrowing]
borrowing requirement
borrowing space
borrowing-quota ratio
[IMF borrowing]
bottleneck
bottleneck inflation
bottom-up approach
individual country approach
bound
bound tariff
bound tariff rate
bound rate
bounded above
bounded below
Page99
English
Arabic
bounded set
bracket creep
[taxation]
bracket progression
Brady bond
Brady debt
Brady Plan
branch
[1993 - ]
branchless banking
mobile banking
brass-plate company
Brazil, Russia, India and China Club
BRIC Club
BRICs
breakdown
breaking out
break-even inflation
Page100
English
Arabic
break-even point
Bretton Woods Committee
BWC
Bretton Woods Institutions
BWI
Bretton Woods system
[exchange rates]
bribe
Bribe Payers Index

BPI
bribery
corruption
bridge bank
[Japan]
public bridge bank
bridge bank scheme

bridge bank facility
bridge table
[statistics]
Page101
English
Arabic
briefing
briefing note
briefing paper
[IMF]
broad financial market
broadening of the tax base
broadly defined money supply

broad money
money broadly
broker
stockbroker
brokerage
brokerage fee
brokerage
brokerage house
brokerage firm

[1993 - ]

brokerage company
broker-dealer
Page102
English
Arabic
brokered funds
brokered deposits
brother-sister corporations
sibling corporations
sibling enterprises
brownfield investment
brown field investment
Brussels Definition of Value
BDV
Brussels Office
[IMF-EUR]
EUO/BR
brute force fiscal adjustment
bubble economy
budget appropriation process

budget appropriation
appropriation
budgetary appropriation
budgetary appropriation process
budget bottom line
bottom line
budget calendar
Page103
English
Arabic
budget call letter
budget constraint
budget control
budget cut
budget deficit
budget gap
Budget Enforcement Act
budget envelope
budget estimate
budget forecast
budget execution
budget framework law
budget institution
budgetary unit
spending agency
spending department
spending unit
Page104
English
Arabic
budget law
approved budget
budget management
budget neutral
Budget Officer
[IMF]
budget performance
budget presentation
budget outturn
budget proposal
[GFS 1986]
draft budget
budget bill
Budget Reform Division
[OBP/BR]
budget rigidity
budget savings
Budget Section
[INS/AI/BU]
Page105
English
Arabic
budget sector agencies
Budget Strategy Division
[IMF-OBP/BS]
budget surplus
[realized surplus]
budget tracking
budget tracking exercise
budget universality principle

general budget rule
budget year
budgetary account
budgetary balance
budgetary equilibrium
budgetary central government

[GFSY]
budgetary central government accounts

[GFS 1986]
budgetary expenditure
budgetary outlay
fiscal expenditure
Page106
English
Arabic
budgetary financing gap

budgetary gap
budgeted funds
/
/
/
budgeting
Budgeting and Fiscal Transparency Division

[FAD/..]
)(
budgetization
fiscalization
( )
buff (paper)
[IMF]
buff statement
Buff Document
[IMF document series; BUFF/...]
BUFF
BUFF/ED Document
[ ]
[IMF document series; BUFF/ED/...]

BUFF/ED
buffer stock
Buffer Stock Financing Facility
[SNA93]
BSFF
Page107
English
Arabic
building and loan associations
[SNA93]
building block
[statistics, models]
building society
[GBR]
build-operate-transfer
BOT
build-own-operate
BOO
build-own-operate-transfer
BOOT
built-in elasticity of a tax system
bull market
( )
bullish market
bull operator
bull
bulldog bond
[GBR]
bullet loan
Page108
English
Arabic
bunch maps, method of
Frisch method
bunching of maturities
debt bunching
bundling of transactions
bunker fuel
[BPM5]
bunny bonds
buoyancy
burden of disease
[1993 -]
[GDDS, population]
disease burden
burden sharing (in the Fund's expenses)
( )
[IMF]
burden sharing
[IMF; BPM5]
burden
( )
( )
[IMF]
Page109
English
Arabic
burden-sharing mechanism
[IMF]
Bureau of Computing Services
BCS
Bureau of Information Technology Services
BTS
Bureau of Language Services
BLS
Bureau
[G-24]
Bush Initiative
compact for global development
compact for developing country aid
business accounting
business activity
Business and Industry Advisory Committee
[OECD]
BIAC
business and professional licenses
[GFSY]
Page110
English
Arabic
business community
business confidence
business continuity plan
business corporation
corporation
Business Council for Sustainable Growth
[UN]
business credit services
[BPM5]
business cycle
economic cycle
trade cycle
boom-bust cycle
business day
working day
business expenses
representation expenses
business investment
business license tax
occupational license tax
Page111
English
Arabic
business plan
business processes
[IBRD-Strategic Compact]
business profit tax
business profits
trading profits
business recovery
business services
[BPM5, BPM6]
business to business
B2B
business to consumer
B2C
e-tailing
business travel
[BPM5]
business travelers
[BPM5]

[1993 -]

[1993 -]
Page112
Arabic
English
butt-spliced aggregate data
buy long
buy on margin
][securities
margin buying
buy short
buy side
buy-and-hold investor
buy-and-hold strategy
buyback agreement
debt buyback
debt repurchase
buyback arrangement
][WTO
buyback
][WTO
buy-down loan
][IBRD
Page113
English
Arabic
buyer's credit
[WTO]
buyer's market
soft market
buying exchange rate

buying rate
buyer's rate
bid rate
buying member
[IMF]
Buys-Ballot table
By-Laws
[IMF]
by-laws
By-Laws, Rules and Regulations
[IMF]
byproduct
by-product
c.i.f. valuation
[BPM5]
Cable Room
[IMF-SEC]
Page114
English
Arabic
Cable/Telex Center
[IMF]
Cafeteria
[IMF]
calculated market interest rate

calculated market rate
calculated quota share

[IMF]
share in calculated quotas

[IMF]
calendar year
call account
call for committed funds

call
call for subscribed capital
call in debt
Page115
English
Arabic
call loan
callable loan
demand loan
[Debt Guide, 1993; External Debt Statistics: Guide for
Compilers and Users, 1993]
call money
call option clause

call option
call provision
call option
call
call protection
[bonds]
callable bond
callable option
callable
[capital market]
CAMELS composite rating

capital, assets, management, earnings, liquidity
CAMEL

CAMEL
CAMELS
Page116
English
Arabic
Canadian Council for International Cooperation
[Canada]
CCIC
Canadian International Development Agency
CIDA
canceled check
paid check
cancellation of arrears
[BPM5]
cancellation of SDRs
[IMF]
canonical correlation
cap
capacity building
capacity constraint
Capacity Forum
[IBRD-PACT]
capacity margin
Page117
English
Arabic
capacity output
capacity underutilization
underutilization
capacity utilization
capital
capital account convertibility
capital account crisis
capital account flows
[BPM5]
Capital Account Issues Division
capital account
[budget]
capital adequacy
capital adequacy ratio
CAR
capital adequacy standards
[BIS]
Page118
English
Arabic
capital and financial account
[BPM5]
capital asset
fixed asset
fixed capital
non-current asset
long-term asset
long-lived asset
plant and equipment
capital assets pricing model
CAPM
capital base
capital budget
[IMF]
capital buffer
capital charge
capital contributions
[BPM5]
capital controls
Page119
English
Arabic
capital cost
cost of capital
capital crunch
capital cushion
capital deepening
Capital Development Fund
[UN]
capital equipment
capital expenditure
CAPEX
capital outlay
capital flight
[SNA93]
flight of funds
capital flow
capital movements
capital formation
[SNA93]
Page120
English
Arabic
capital gain
holding gains
capital gains tax
capital gearing ratio
gearing ratio
leverage
[corporate finance, USA]
gearing
[GBR]
financial gearing
capital good
producer good
capital income
capital intensiveness
capital intensity
capital investment
capital loss
capital market
Page121
English
Arabic
Capital Market Development and Financial Infrastructure Division
[MCM/CD]
Capital Markets and Financial Studies Division
Capital Markets Consultative Group
[IMF]
CMCG
Capital Markets Debt Issues Division
Capital Markets Financing Division
capital requirement
[banking]
capital revenue
[GFSY]
capital stock
capital structure
capital subscriptions to international organizations
[BPM5]
capital tax
capital transaction
Page122
English
Arabic
capital transfer
capital value
capital widening
widening of capital
capital, excluding reserve assets

capital, excluding reserves
capital-asset ratio
[banking]
capital ratio
capital-certain claims
capital-debt ratio
equity-debt ratio
capital-exporting country
capital-importing country
capital-intensive
capitalization (of interest)
[Paris Club]
Page123
English
Arabic
capitalization bond
capitalized value
capital-labor ratio
capital-loan ratio
[banking]
capital-output ratio
caption
captive buyer

/
/

captive company
captive institution
capture
carbon capture and storage
CCS
carbon capture
Page124
English
Arabic
carbon credits
carbon dioxide
CO2
carbon emissions trading scheme

carbon trading scheme
cap and trade scheme
carbon finance
carbon market
carbon pricing scheme
carbon tax
Career Development Section
[HRD/SD/CD]
career stream
career pattern
caretaker government
cargo consolidation
consolidation
Page125
English
Arabic
cargo handling
[BPM5]
Caribbean Basin Initiative
[USA]
CBI
Caribbean Community
CARICOM
Caribbean Common Market
Caribbean Development Bank
CARIBANK
CDB
Caribbean Financial Action Task Force
[money laundering]
CFATF
Caribbean Free Trade Area
Caribbean Group for Cooperation in Economic Development
CGCED
Caribbean I, II Division
()( )
[WHD/C1, C2]
Caribbean Regional Technical Assistance Center
[IMF-CARICOM-UNDP]
CARTAC
Carnegie Endowment for International Peace
Page126
English
Arabic
carousel fraud
missing trader fraud
carriage of passengers
[BPM5]
carried interest
carrier
carriers with crew
[BPM5]
carry over
[budget]
carry trade
carryforward
carryover
loss carryforward
loss carryover
tax loss carryforward
tax loss carryover
carrying cost (of inventories)
carrying value
carrying amount
written-down value
book value
Page127
English
Arabic
Cartagena Agreement
Andean Subregional Integration Agreement
cartel
cartelization
cascade tax
multistage cumulative tax
cascading
[taxation]
case study
case-by-case basis, on a
cash
cash account
[IMF, SDA]
cash assets
cash balance
Page128
English
Arabic
cash basis accounting

cash accounting
cash basis reporting
[GFS 1986]
cash bond
cash buyback
[debt]
cash courier
cash crop
cash economy
cash-based economy
cash equivalent
[GFSM]
cash flow
cash flow budget

cash budget
cash plan
cash flow relief

cash relief
Page129
English
Arabic
cash flow waterfall
cash goods
cash in bank
cash held by banks
cash in hand
cash on hand
[GFSM]
cash in rights
[IMF rights approach]
cash items
cash limit
[budget]
cash loan disbursement
cash loan
financial loan
cash management
cash margin
Page130
English
Arabic
cash market
physical market
spot market
cash operating deficit
cash operating surplus
cash payment
cash pooling
cash position
cash rate
overnight rate
call rate
call money rate

interbank call rate
overnight call money rate
cash ratio requirement

minimum cash requirement
cash rationing
cash settlement
cash tender offer
Page131
English
Arabic
cash voucher
[GFS 1986]
cashier's check
official check
treasurer's check
bank check
Cashier's
[FIN/AX/AP/CA]
cash-link
casualty insurance
catalyst
catalytic effect
catalyze financial flows
catching-up
catch-up demand
catch-up effect
Page132
English
Arabic
categorical grant
[public finance]
special purpose grant
causal relationship
causality
cease and desist order
Cedel
ceiling price
cell-relative imputation
linking
censoring
[statistics]
Center for Latin American Monetary Studies
CEMLA
center of economic interest
[BPM5; GFSM]
Page133
English
Arabic
Central Africa Regional Technical Assistance Center
[IMF]
Central AFRITAC
Central African Banking Commission
COBAC
Central African Customs and Economic Union
CACEU
Central African Economic and Monetary Community
CAEMC
Economic and Monetary Community of Central Africa
Central African Monetary Area
[BEAC]
CAMA
Central African Monetary Union
CAMU
Central African States Development Bank
CASDB
Central America Emergency Trust Fund
[IDA]
CAETF
Central American Bank for Economic Integration
CABEI
Page134
English
Arabic
Central American Common Market

CACM
Central American Division

[WHD/CA]
Central American Economic and Social Community

CESCA
Central American Free Trade Agreement

CAFTA
Dominican Republic - Central America - United States Free Trade
Agreement
CAFTA-DR
Central American Fund for Economic Integration
CAFEI
Central American Fund for Social Development
CAFSD
Central American I, II Division
Central American Institute for Public Administration
()( )
CAIPA
Central American Monetary Council
CAMC
Central American Monetary Union
Page135
English
Arabic
Central and Eastern European Countries
CEEC
Central Asia Department
CTA
Central Asia Regional Economic Cooperation Program
[ADB]
CAREC
central bank credit facility
central bank currency swaps
[BOP]
Central Bank Gold Agreement

CBGA
Washington Agreement on Gold
Central Bank of West African States
BCEAO
central bank
central banker
central banking
Central Banking and Market Infrastructure Wing
CBMI
Page136
English
Arabic
Central Banking Division
[MCM/CB]
central counterparty
CCP
Central Division, I, II, III
()( )( )
[EUR/C1, C2, C3]
central estimate
[IMF]
Central European Countries
[IMF]
CEC
countries of Central Europe
Central European Division I, II, III
()( )( )
[EU1/C1, C2, C3]
Central European Free Trade Agreement
CEFTA
Central Files Unit
[TGS/ID/AR/CF]
central government
central government deposits
[GMBS]
Page137
English
Arabic
central limit theorem
central ministry
[budget]
central moment around the mean
central planning
central processing unit
[computers]
CPU
Central Product Classification
[UN-EC, statistics]
CPC
central rate
[IMF]
central securities depository

centrally planned economy
[SNA93]
CPE
Centre for Economic and Social Information
[UN]
CESI
Page138
English
Arabic
Centre for Economic and Social Studies of the Third World
CESSTW
Centre for Industrial Development
[EEC]
CID
certificate of indebtedness
CI
certificate
certified check
marked check
certified bank check
[GMBS]
certified public accountant
[EU]
CPA
ceteris paribus
all other things being equal
other things equal
other things being equal
CFA franc country
CFA Franc Zone

franc zone
franc area
Page139
English
CFA franc
Arabic
( )
[BCEAO]
CFAF
CFP zone
chain index
chain- weighted real GDP
chaining
chain linking
chain-referral sampling
snowball sampling
network sampling
chair
[IMF Governance]
Chairman of the Executive Board
[IMF]
Chairman's Statement
[IMF]
Chairman's summing up at the conclusion of the discussion on ...
Page140
English
Arabic
Chairman's summing-up
Chancellor of the Exchequer
[GBR]
change in holdings
[BPM5]
Change Management Initiative
change of ownership
changes in classifications and structure
[SNA93, BPM5]
changes in inventories
changes in stocks
characteristic function
charge
[in general]
chargeback
charges receivable
[IMF]
Page141
English
Arabic
charitable institution
[BPM5]
Charities Registration Security Information Act
( )
[CAN]
Charities Registration Act
chart of accounts
Charter of Economic Rights and Duties of States
[UN]
charter
[banking]
chartering of carriers
[BPM5]
cheap money policy

easy money policy
cheapest to deliver

[1993 - ]
CTD
check clearing
check truncation
check
[SNA93]
Page142
English
Arabic
checkable deposit
checkable savings account

[IFS]
checks and balances system
checks and warrants issued

[GFS 1986]
ChexSystem
ChexSystems
[U.S.]
Chiang Mai Initiative Multilateralization

CMI Multilateralization
Post-CMI
Chiang Mai initiative
CMI
Chief Editor and Division Chief
[IMF-EXR]
Chief Information Officer
[IMF-TGS]
CIO
child allowance
[IMF-HRD]
child-bearing age
Page143
English
Arabic
Chinese Section
[TGS]
Chinese, English, and Portuguese Division
chi-square
[statistics]
chlorofluorocarbons
CFCs
choice-theoretic approach
choice-theoretic
churning
( )
[money laundering]
circuit breaker
[securities market]
circular autocorrelation coefficient
circular flow
CIS-7 countries
CIS-7
CIS-7 Initiative
city group
Page144
English
Arabic
Civic & Community Relations Office
[IMF]
Civic & Community Relations Program
[IMF]
Civil Aviation Council of Arab States
[ICAO]
CACAS
civil servant
[Balance of Payments Manual - 5th edition (BPM5)]
civil service
civil service retrenchment
Civil Society Newsletter
[IMF]
civil society organization
CSO
Civil Society Policy Forum
CSPF
Civil Society Forum
civil society
civic society
Page145
Arabic
Page146
English
claim paid
][insurance
claim
][finance
claims on affiliated enterprises

][BPM5
claims on central government

][GMBS
claims on deposit money banks

][GMBS; IFS
claims on general government

][GFS 1986
claims on nonfinancial public enterprises

][GMBS; IFS
claims on non-life insurance

][BPM5
claims on nonresidents
][BPM5
claims on official entities

][GMBS; IFS
English
Arabic
claims on other financial institutions

[GMBS; IFS]
claims on private sector

[GMBS; IFS]
claims on state and local governments

[GMBS; IFS]
claims payable on goods lost
[BPM5]
class
class boundaries
class limits
class frequency
class interval
classical macroeconomic model
classification
classification keys
[1989 - ]

[GFS 1986]
Page147
English
Arabic
Classification of Individual Consumption according to Purpose

COICOP
Classification of Individual Consumption by Purpose
Classification of Products by Activities

[EU]
CPA
Classification of the Functions of Government

[UN]
COFOG
Classification of the Outlays of Producers According to Purpose

[UN; GFSM]
COPP
Classification of the Purposes of Non-Profit Institutions Serving
Households
[UN]
COPNI
classified loan
classified asset
classified credit
adversely classified asset
scheduled item
classified
[IMF Information Security]
class-mean imputation
Page148
English
Arabic
clawback
clean development mechanism
CDM
clean price
[securities]
flat price
Clean Technology Fund

Clean Technology Trust Fund
CTF
clear the market
clear, to

( )
[customs]
clearance and settlement system
clearance of merchandises on credit
clearance
clearing account
[IFS]
Page149
English
Arabic
clearing arrangement
clearing bank
clearing house interbank payments system

CHIPS
clearing house mechanism
clearing system
clearinghouse for credit default swaps
clearinghouse
clearing house
[SNA93]
clearstream
click and mortar
Clearstream
((
clicks and bricks
client due diligence

[money laundering]
customer due diligence
know your customer
know your client

KYC
Page150
English
Arabic
Client Information Services Section
Client Services Division
[TGS/IC]
cliff effect
Climate Investment Fund

CIF
clockwise
close substitute
close the books
closed account
closed economy
closed interest parity
covered interest rate parity

covered interest parity
closed ITRS
[BPM5]
closed-type ITRS
closed position
Page151
English
Arabic
closed-end grant
closed-end investment trust

investment trust
[BPM5]
closed-end investment company
closed-end investment fund
close-out netting
close-to-balance rule
[EU]
closing asset
closing liabilities
cluster analysis
cluster sampling
Coalition Provisional Authority

CPA
Cobb-Douglas function
co-benefits

[]
Page152
English
Arabic
cobweb theorem
cobweb theory
Cocoa Producers Alliance

CPA
COPAL
code of conduct
[IMF member]
Code of Conduct
[IMF staff]
IMF Code of Staff Conduct
Code of Good Practices on Fiscal Transparency (2001)

[IMF]
Revised Code of Good Practices on Fiscal Transparency
Code of Good Practices on Fiscal Transparency (2007)
()
[IMF]
Code of Good Practices on Transparency in Monetary and
Financial Policies: Declaration of Principles

[IMF]
MFP Transparency Code
MFP Code
coefficient
coefficient of association
coefficient of contingency
Page153
English
Arabic
coefficient of determination
r squared
R
coefficient of dispersion
coefficient of disturbancy
coefficient of reliability
coefficient of skewness
coefficient of variability
coefficient of variation
coercive measure
[IMF overdue obligations]
cofinancing
cofinancing arrangement
[IBRD]
cofinancing trust account
[IMF]
CTA
cohesion fund
[EC]
Page154
English
Arabic
coinage
)(
coin(s)
coincident indicator
coincidental indicator
cointegration
[statistics]
collaboration with the World Bank
[IMF]
collar
corridor
collate
[statistics]
collateral account
[IMF rights approach]
collateral agreement
collateral pool
collateral pooling system
Page155
English
Arabic
collateral security
collateral guarantee
collateral
[BPM6; GFSM]
collateral value
collateralize
collateralized bond
collateralized bond obligation
CBO
collateralized debt obligation squared
CDO squared
collateralized debt obligation

CDO
collateralized loan obligation
CLO
collateralized mortgage obligation

CMO
collect tax
collecting bank
Page156
English
Arabic
collection of data
gathering of data
collective action clause
[debt]
CAC
collective bargaining
collective bargaining agreement

collective labor agreement
labor contract
union contract
collective good
public good
social good
collective judgment
sense of the meeting
collective representation clause
Collegium
[IMF]
collusion
collusive bidding
collusive tendering
bid rigging
Page157
English
Arabic
Cologne Debt Initiative

Cologne Initiative
Kln Initiative
Cologne terms
Colombo Plan for Cooperative Economic and Social Development

in Asia and the Pacific
Colombo Plan
CP
column diagram
column
( )
[matrix]
co-manager
[syndicated loans]
co-lead manager
combating the financing of terrorism
CFT
combination therapy
[medicine]
combinatorial analysis
combined market interest rate
[SDR]
combined market rate
Page158
English
Arabic
combined pricing system
CPS
comfort letter
letter of comfort
comfort zone
command economy
controlled economy
command
[IT]
instruction
commercial arrears
commercial bank
commercial banking system
commercial banking
commercial creditor
commercial debt
bank debt
commercial GDP
[SNA]
commercialized GDP
Page159
English
Arabic
commercial interest reference rate

CIRR
commercial lender
commercial lending
commercial loan
commercial credit
[Paris Club]
nonconcessional loan
commercial letter of credit
letter of credit
commercial loan theory of liquidity

real bills doctrine
commercial mortgage-backed security
CMBS
commercial paper
[FSIG]
commercial position
commercial prepayments
Page160
English
Arabic
Commission of the European Communities

[EC]
CEC
European Commission
EC
Commission on Growth and Development
Commission on International Commodity Trade
[UN]
CICT
Commission on International Development

[UN]
Pearson Commission
Commission on Sustainable Development
[UN-ECOSOC]
CSD
Commission on the Measurement of Economic Performance and

Social Progress
Stiglitz Commission
commitment authority
commitment basis accounting

[budget]
commitment basis
Page161
English
Arabic
commitment fee
commitment charge
commitment gap
[IMF]
commitment letter
commitment period
committed resources
[IMF]
commitments
Committee for Development Planning
[UN]
CDP
Committee of Agricultural Organizations in the European
Community
[EC]
COPA
Committee of Cooperation in Latin America
[UN]
CCLA
Page162
English
Committee of Eminent Persons to Study Sustainable Long-Term
Financing of the IMF
Committee to Study Sustainable Long-Term Financing of the IMF
Committee of Eminent Persons
Arabic
Crockett Committee
Committee of European Banking Supervisors

CEBS
Committee of International Development Institutions on the

Environment
CIDIE
Committee of the Whole for the [...ith] General Review of Quotas
) (
Committee of the Whole for the [year] Annual Report
[... ]
[IMF document series; EB/CW/AR/...]

CWAR
Committee of the Whole for the [year] Annual Report
[... ]

CWAR
Committee of the Whole for the Development Committee

CWDC
Committee of the Whole on Review of Quotas

CQuota
Page163
English
Arabic
Committee of the Whole

[G-24]
Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives

[U.S. State Dept.]
Committee on Appropriations of the Senate

[U.S. State Dept.]
Committee on Article XIV Consultations

( )

Committee on Balance of Payments Restrictions

[WTO]
Committee on Balance-of-Payments Restrictions
[WTO]
Committee on Banking and Financial Services of the House of

Representatives
[U.S. State Dept.]
Committee on Banking, Housing and Urban Affairs of the Senate

[U.S. State Dept.]
Committee on Budget Priorities

[IMF]
CBP
Committee on Capital Movements and Invisible Transactions
[OECD]
Page164
English
Arabic
Committee on Commodity Problems
[FAO]
CCP
Committee on Development and Cooperation
( )
[European Parliament]
Committee on Development Effectiveness
[IBRD]
CODE
Committee on Development Information
[ECA]
Committee on Economic Cooperation among Developing
Countries
[UNCTAD]
Committee on Executive Board Administrative Matters

CAM
Committee on Financial Markets
[OECD]
Committee on Fiscal Affairs
[OECD]
Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate
[U.S. State Dept.]
Page165
English
Committee on Governance and Executive Directors Administrative
Matters
Arabic
[IBRD]
COGAM
Committee on IMF Governance Reform
Committee on Interpretation
COI
Committee on Liaison with the CONTRACTING PARTIES to the

GATT
[IMF, EB]
CGATT
Committee on Liaison with the World Trade Organization: Notice

and Agenda of Meeting
Committee on Liaison with the WTO

CWTO
Committee on Low-Income Country Work
[IMF]
Committee on Membership -- [Country]
[ ] -
[IMF document series;EB/CM/[Country]/...]
Page166
English
Arabic
[ ] -
Committee on Membership -- [country]

membership committee
Committee on Monetary, Financial and Balance-of-Payments
Statistics
CMFB
Committee on Payment and Settlement Systems

[BIS; FSIG]
CPSS
Committee on Reform of the International Monetary System and

Related Issues
[IMF]
Committee of Twenty
[IMF]
C-XX
Committee on Regional Trade Agreements

[WTO]
Committee on Research Priorities
Committee on Rules for the [year] Regular Election of Executive
[... ]
Directors
Committee on Shipping
[UNCTAD]
Page167
English
Arabic
Committee on the Annual Report

CAR
Committee on the Budget
[IMF document series; EB/CB/...]

CB
Committee on the Development of Trade
[ECE]
Committee on the Global Financial System
[BIS]
CGFS
Committee on Trade and Development
[GATT]
Commodities and Special Issues Division
[RES/CN]
commodities price shock
Commodities Unit
commodity
commodity agreement
commodity assistance
aid in kind
Page168
English
Arabic
commodity composition of trade
commodity currency
commodity cycle
commodity derivative assets
commodity economy
commodity exchange
commodities exchange
exchange
commodity fund
commodity future
[BPM5]
commodity futures market
commodity gold
[BPM5; SNA93]
commodity index
commodity index fund
Page169
English
Arabic
commodity index investment
commodity market
commodity option
commodity price support system
commodity risk management
commodity swap
commodity terms of trade dynamics
Commodity Trade Database
Comtrade database
commodity trade-weighted indicator prices
commodity-indexed bond
commodity bond
commodity-linked bond
commodity-linked finance
commodity-backed financing
Common African and Mauritian Organization
OCAM
Page170
English
Arabic
common agricultural policy
[EU]
CAP
common currency zone

[GMBS]
currency zone
common currency area

[GMBS]
currency area
Common Customs Tariff
[EC]
CCT
common economic and monetary policy
[EU]
common economic space
Common External Tariff

[GATT - customs]
CET
Common Fund for Commodities

[]

[]

[UNCTAD]
CFC
Common Market Council
[Caribbean Community]
Page171
English
Arabic
Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa
COMESA
Common Monetary Agreement
[IMF]
Common Monetary Area
[AFR]
CMA
common pool resources
CPR
Common Position
[EU]
common price method
[GA]
common share
common stock
ordinary share
stock
commons
Commonwealth of Independent States
CIS
Page172
English
Arabic
Commonwealth Secretariat Debt Recording and Management
System
CS-DRMS
Commonwealth Secretariat
ComSec
Communications Division
[SEC/CM]
communications officer
communications services
cable services
Community Development Fund
[West African Economic Community]
community forestry program
[IDA]
community screening
community-based organization
CBO
community-driven development
CDD
community-driven land reforms
Page173
English
Arabic
Comoros (the)
[IMF]
Islamic Federal Republic of the Comoros (the)
comparability
comparability of treatment
[London Club; Paris Club]
comparable worth
comparative advantage
comparative advantage, theory of
comparative dynamics
comparative statics
comparator organization
comparator
[IMF staff compensation]
Compendium of Foreign Exchange Rules
[Chile]
Compendium of Standards
[FSF]
Page174
English
Arabic
compensating VAT
CVAT
Compensation and Benefits Policy Division
[HRD/CB]
compensation and benefits
[IMF]
compensation bond
[ARG]
compensation of employees
compensation package
Compensation Policy Division
compensation
[SDR]
compensatory amount
Compensatory and Contingency Financing Facility
[IMF]
CCFF
compensatory drawing
[IMF]
Page175
English
Arabic
Compensatory Financing Facility
[IMF]
CFF
compensatory financing of export fluctuations
compensatory financing of fluctuations in the cost of cereal

imports
[CCFF]
cereal facility
[IMF]
cereal component
compensatory official financing
[BPM5]
competitive advantage
competitive bid
[securities auctions]
competitive depreciation
[exchange]
competitive devaluation
competitive disadvantage
Competitive Equality Banking Act
CEBA
competitive position
Page176
English
Arabic
competitiveness effect
competitiveness
competitive ability
Compilation Guide on Financial Soundness Indicators
compilation of data
compilation
[BPM5]
compiling country
[BPM5]
compiling economy
[BPM5]
complementary period
[GFS 1986; budget]
complete market

[1993 - ]

[1993 - ]

[1989 - ]
[capital markets]
complete policies scenario
completion point triggers
[IMF--HIPC Initiative]
completion point
[IMF; HIPC Initiative]
Page177
English
Arabic
compliance (with performance criteria)

[IMF]
compliance audit testing
( )
( )
compliance testing
compliance function
[Basle Committee]
Compliance Officer
[IMF]
compliance risk
comply or explain approach
component
component currency
( )
[IMF]
component loan
joint loan
composite index
composition effect
[Statistics]
Page178
English
Arabic
composition of creditors
[bankruptcy]
composition agreement
creditors' arrangement
composition of international reserves
Composition of Official Foreign Exchange Reserves
[IMF]
COFER
currency composition of foreign exchange reserves
Composition Unit
[TGS/DG/GR/CO]
compound event
compound frequency distribution
compound interest rate

compound rate
Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development Programme
CAADP
comprehensive budget rule

budget comprehensiveness principle
budget unity rule
comprehensive conditionality
comprehensiveness
Page179
English
Arabic
Comprehensive Development Framework principles
CDF principles
[IBRD]
Comprehensive Development Framework
[IBRD]
CDF
compression booster
compression factor
compression of imports
Comptroller General
Comptroller of the Currency, Office of the

[USA]
compulsory deposit
[GMBS]
compulsory intervention rate
[EMS]
compulsory reserve deposit
compulsory savings scheme
[GMBS]
Page180
English
Arabic
compulsory withdrawal
[IMF]
computed value
concentric circles
concept note
[World Bank Group]
conceptual design
Concertation group
concertation of policies
Concerted Action for Development in Africa
CADA
concerted bank lending
[ICM]
concerted lending
[debt]
concerted new money
concessional assistance
concessional aid
Page181
English
Arabic
concessional element
concessionary element
concessional financing
concessional flow
concessionary flow
concessional interest rate
concessional lending
concessional loan
concessional participation
concessional equity
concessional terms
concessionary terms
concessional treatment
[Paris Club]
concessionality
concessional
concessionary
concessionality
Page182
English
Arabic
concluding remarks
closing remarks
concurrence of the member
[IMF]
concurrent audit
concurrent production
[oil and gas]
conditional grant
[public finance]
conditional prediction
conditional probability
conditional regression
conditional relief arrangement
[customs]
conditionality for the tranches

[IMF]
conditionality
[IMF]
Page183
English
Arabic
[1997 -]
conduct of business
[BL]
conduit
conduit company
conduit
Conference of European Statisticians

[UN/ECE]
CES
Conference on Macroeconomic Policies and Poverty Reduction
Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe

CSCE
Conference on the World Financial and Economic Crisis and Its

Impact on Development
Conferences Advisor
Conferences Officer
[IMF-SEC]
confidence coefficient
confidence interval
[statistics]
Page184
English
Arabic
confidence level
[statistics]
confidence limits
confidence region
Confidentiality Protocol
[FASP]
confirmation
conflict diamonds
conflict of interest
conflicting assumptions
confluence analysis
conforming mortgage
conformity assessment
conglomerate merger
Page185
English
Arabic
Congressional Oversight Panel
[USA]
conjugate distribution
connected lending
[FSIG]
connected loan
consensus forecast
consent
[IMF quotas]
conservator
consistency check
consistency of valuation
[BPM5]
consistency
[statistics]
consistent estimate
consistent estimator
( )

/
/

[statistics]
Page186
English
Consistent Information Multivariate Density Optimization
Arabic
Consistent Information Multivariate Density Optimizing

Methodology
CIMDO
consistent with this Agreement
consolidated basis, on a
consolidated cash management
consolidated central government

[GFS; GFSY]
consolidated funds
[GFS 1986]
consolidated general government

[GFS, GFSY]
consolidated international banking statistics

[BIS]

[1993-]

[1989 - ]
consolidated banking statistics

consolidated statistics
Consolidated Multilateral Surveillance Report
CMSR
Consolidated Spillover Report
Page187
English
Arabic
consolidated supervision
consolidated survey
consolidation period
consolidation
[enterprises]
consortium (for country X)
( )

conspicuous consumption
constant of integration
constant prices
in constant prices
constant purchasing power parity
constant return
constituency arrangement
[GEF]
constituency structure
Page188
English
Arabic
constituency
[IMF Executive Board and committees]
chair
constitutional law
constraint
construction bond
( )
( )
( )
( )

[JPN]
constructive loss
[taxation]
constructive trust
Consultant
[IMF]
consultation clause
consultation cycle
[IMF]
Consultative Committee on Substantive Questions/Programme
[UNESCO]
CCSQ/PROG
Page189
English
Arabic
Consultative Group on Capacity Building
[World Bank]
CGCB
Consultative Group on Exchange Rate Issues

CGER
Consultative Group on Exchange Rates
Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research
[IBRD]
CGIAR
Consultative Group on International Economic and Monetary

Affairs, Inc.
Group of Thirty
Consultative Group
[for a country]
CG
consumer boom
consumer confidence
consumer credit
[SNA93]
consumer durable
hard good
Page190
Arabic
English
Consumer Financial Protection Bureau
CFPB
Page191
consumer price index

CPI
consumer spending
household expenditure
consumer surplus
consumer tastes
consumer preferences
consumer welfare
consumerism
consumption expenditure
consumption spending
consumption function
consumption pattern
consumption behavior
English
Arabic
consumption rate of interest
CRI
consumption smoothing
consumption tax
contagion effect
contagion
[FSIG]
contains confidential information
[IMF information security]
contango
forwardation
contemporaneous correlation
contemporaneous reserve accounting
CRA
contestable market
perfectly contestable market
continental shelf
continental slope
Page192
English
Arabic
continental water bodies
contingencies
[FSIG; GFSM]
contingency basis, on a
contingency clause
[IBRD/CCFF]
contingency financing facility
[IMF]
contingency financing mechanism
[CCFF]
contingency financing
contingent financing
contingent credit line
contingency fund
[GFS 1986]
contingency reserve
contingency measure
contingency mechanism
contingency mechanism for the adjustment of targets
Page193
English
Arabic
contingency table
contingent claim
contingent asset
contingent claims approach

CCA
contingent contract
[GFSM 2001]
Contingent Credit Line(s)

[IMF]
CCL
contingent drain (on foreign currency assets)

contingent net drain (on foreign currency assets)
( )
( )
contingent instruments
contingent liability
contingent loan
[IBRD]
contingent risk
continuing operation
[of the adjustment process; AA]

[1993-]
Page194
English
Arabic
continuing review, keep under
)(
[IMF credit policies]
continuous function
continuous session
continuous variable
contour chart
contra account
valuation allowance
contra asset account
contra liability account
contracted debt
contractionary bias
contractionary impulse
contractionary policy
contractionary pressure
Page195
English
Arabic
contractor
contractual maturity
[BPM5]
contributions to government employee pension and welfare funds

within government
[GFSY]

[1989 - ]
contributor (country)
((
[IMF accounts]
contrived scarcity
control
control for
[statistics]
control risk
control variable
convenience yield
Convention concerning International Transport by Rail
( )
( )
COTIF
Page196
English
Convention on Combating Bribery of Foreign Public Officials in
International Business Transactions
Arabic
[OECD]
Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild
Fauna and Flora

[UNEP]
CITES
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination
against Women
CEDAW
Convention on the Law Applicable to Contractual Obligations
[EC]
Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the Specialized
Agencies
Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the United
Nations
conventional deficit
convergence
convergence criteria
[EU]
convergence goals
Maastricht criteria
Maastricht goals
Page197
English
Arabic
convergence in inflation performance
[EC, G7; monetary policy]
convergence in probability
convergence of economic conditions
convergence of inflation rates at low levels
convertible adjustable preferred stock
CAPS
convertible currency area
convertible debt instrument
convertible security
convexity
cooling-off period
cancellation period
Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf

Arab Gulf Cooperation Council
GCC
Gulf Cooperation Council
Page198
English
Arabic
Co-operation for Development in Africa
[OECD]
CDA
cooperation test
[IMF]
cooperative arrangements (for maintenance of value of
( )
currencies)
[IMF, exchange arrangements]
cooperative growth strategy
[IBRD]
cooperative monetary arrangement

[monetary policy]
cooperative arrangement
common arrangement
common monetary arrangement
cooperative sector
[SNA93]
Coordinated Compilation Exercise

CCE
coordinated direct investment survey
CDIS
coordinated financial transactions tax
Page199
English
Arabic
Coordinated Portfolio Investment Survey Guide
[IMF]
Coordinated Portfolio Investment Survey
[IMF, OECD]
CPIS
Coordinated Portfolio Investment Survey: Survey Guide
Co-ordinating Committee for Multilateral Strategic Export Controls
[USA]
COCOM
Coordinating Group on Exchange Rate Issues
CGER
Coordination and Standards Division
[PDR/CS]
Coordination Framework for Implementation Monitoring
CFIM
coordination of policy advice
co-payment
copula function
copula
core area
[GDDS]
Page200
English
Arabic
core bank
core banking system

[banking]
core countries
euro area core
core data category
[GDDS]
core framework
[GDDS]
core fund
[Global Environment Facility, WB]
core inflation
underlying inflation
built-in inflation
core labor standards
[ILO]
CLS
core lending
[IBRD]
core macroprudential indicator
core MPI
Page201
English
Arabic
Core Principles for Effective Banking Supervision

[BIS;Basle Committee]
core principles
Basel Core Principles
Core Principles for Systemically Important Payment Systems
[BIS-CPSS]
core statistical indicator
[IMF]
core surveillance data
[IMF]
corporate accounting standards
corporate banking
corporate bond
corporate equity
corporate fraud
shareholder fraud
Page202
English
Arabic
corporate governance
corporate income tax
CIT
corporate raider
[stock exchange]
raider
corporate restructuring
[enterprises]
restructuring
corporate sector
corporate sector workout
corporate workout
workout
corporate vulnerability index
CVI
corporatization
corralito
partial freeze of bank accounts
constrained sight deposit
correction
[securities market; GFSM; SNA93]
Page203
English
Arabic
correlation coefficient
[statistics]
correlation matrix
correlation ratio
correlation table
correlogram
Correspondence Assistant
correspondence table
conversion key
correspondent account
bank correspondent account
correspondent bank
Corruption Perception Index
CPI
cost & freight
c. & f.
CFR
cost accounting
Page204
English
Arabic
cost competitiveness
cost control
cost effect
cost effectiveness
effectiveness
cost of carry
cost of living adjustment
COLA
cost of living allowance
COLA
cost of living bonus
cost oil
cost or market, whichever is less

[statistics]
COMWIL
COMWIL valuation principle
lower cost of market
LCM
LOCOM
Page205
English
Arabic
cost price
cost pricing
cost recovery
[BPM5]
cost, insurance, and freight
( )
c.i.f.
cost, insurance, freight
[SNA93]
cost-benefit analysis
cost-effectiveness review
CER
costlessly reversible entry (into a market)
cost-of-living index
[CPI]
COLI
cost-plus contracting
[procurement]
cost-push inflation
cost inflation
Page206
English
Arabic
cost-reimbursement contract
Cotton Sub-Committee
[WTO]
Council for Arab Economic Unity
CAEU
Council for International Coordination
[IRQ]
CIC
Council for Mutual Economic Assistance
CMEA
Council of Europe
Council of Europe Social Development Fund
CEF
Council of the European Communities (Economic and Financial
( )
Affairs)
ECOFIN
Council of the European Union
[EU]
Council of Ministers
Council
[IMF, AA]
Page207
English
Arabic
Councillor
[AA II, Art. XII & VI, Schedule D]
Councillors, Alternates and Associates
[IMF, Council]
Counsel
[IMF]
Counsel, Consulting
[IMF-LEG]
Counsel, Senior
[IMF-LEG]
Counsellor (of the Fund)
( )
[IMF]
counter check
countercyclical action
anticyclical measure
/
/
countercyclical facility
countercyclical policy
counterfactual
Page208
English
Arabic
counterpart entry
counterpart item
counterpart fund
[GMBS]
counterpart to allocation/cancellation
[IMF, BPM5]
counterpart to monetization/demonetization of gold

counterpart to monetization/demonetization
counterpart to valuation changes
/
/
[BPM5; IFS Descriptors]

revaluation counterpart
Counterparty Risk Management Policy Group

CRMPG
Counterparty Risk Management Group
Corrigan Group
counterparty
counterproductive
counterpurchase
/
/

[trade]
Page209
English
Arabic
countertrade
[BPM5]
countervailing credit
countervailing duty
antibounty duty
countries less advanced in the transition process
countries more advanced in the transition process
countries with a diversified export base
Countries with a Longer-Term Program Engagement
CLTPE
countries with recent debt-servicing difficulties
countries without recent debt-servicing difficulties
country advisory committee

country assistance management

[IBRD]
[ ]

CAM
Page210
English
Arabic
country brief
[IBRD]
country coordinator
[GDDS]
Country Data Review Division
[STA/CR]
Country Director
[IBRD]
Country Economic Data Division
country economic memorandum
[IBRD]
CEM
country evaluation system
[IMF]
CES
country exposure
Country Framework Report
[World Bank]
CFR
Page211
English
Arabic
Country Information System
[IMF]
CIS
country ownership
borrower ownership
program ownership
ownership
country page
[IFS]
country partnership strategy

[World Bank]
CPS
country assistance strategy
[IBRD]
CAS
Country Policy and Institutional Assessment
[World Bank]
CPIA
country portfolio performance management
[IBRD]
CPPM
country portfolio performance review
[IBRD]
CPPR
Page212
Arabic
English
Country Procurement Assessment Report
][World Bank
CPAR
country risk rating

country rating
country risk
][BPM5
country shares
country strategy brief

][IMF
country surveillance
Country Unit
][IMF-LEG

] [

]country-owned [strategy, program
country-specific
coupon bond
Page213
English
Arabic
coupon rate
courier
courier service
package delivery company

delivery service
covariance
covariance analysis
covariance matrix
covenant lite loan
cov-lite
covenant
[London Club]
cover
[export credit]
coverage covenant
coverage
[IMF-EBB]
( )

( )
Page214
English
Arabic
covered bond
mortgage bond
covered interest rate arbitrage
[exchange market]
CIA
covered interest rate differential
[exchange market]
covered option
crack spread
[Petroleum industry]
gasoline crack spread
cramdown
crawling bands
crawling peg
adjustable peg
fixed but adjustable exchange rate
creation of economic assets
[GFSM 2001]
creative accounting
Page215
English
Arabic
Credentials Officer
[IMF, Annual Meetings]
credentials
letter of accreditation
letter of credentials
credit
credit (item)
((
[accounting]
credit an account with an amount

credit an amount to an account
credit and loans from International Monetary Fund

[BOP]
credit arrangement
[IMF]
credit balance
credit card validation check digits

[1993 - ]
credit card check digits

card digits
check digits
credit ceiling
credit limit
lending ceiling
Page216
Arabic
English
credit control
credit conversion factor

][BIS Capital Accord
Page217
credit cooperative
][GMBS
credit creation
credit crunch
credit squeeze
credit freeze
tightening of credit
credit default swap spread

CDS spread
credit default swap

CDS
credit derivative
credit deterioration
credit downgrade
credit easing
English
Arabic
credit entry
[accounting]
credit equivalent amount
[BIS Capital Accord]
credit event
credit expansion
credit exposure
[BIS]
credit freeze
security freeze
credit from monetary authorities
[IFS; GMBS]
credit goods
Credit Guarantee and Investment Mechanism
CGIM
credit policy
credit rating
Page218
English
Arabic
credit rating agency

[corporations]
credit agency
mercantile agency
international rating agency
rating agency
rating services
credit rationing
credit risk indicator
CRI
credit risk mitigation
credit risk
[FSIG]
counterparty risk
credit scoring
credit spread
credit tranche drawing
[IMF]
Credit Tranche Enlarged Access
[IMF]
CTEA
Page219
English
Arabic
Credit Tranche Fund Resources
[IMF]
CTFR
credit tranche policies
[IMF]
credit tranche position
credit tranche purchase

[IMF]
credit tranche
[IMF]
credit transfer
credit transfer system

credit underwriting
credit union
cooperative savings association
credit-enhanced obligation
[securities]
enhanced obligation
Page220
English
Arabic
credit-linked note
CLN
creditor approach
creditor approach to interest expense
creditor bank
creditor country
creditor group
creditor position in the IMF

[IMF]
reserve position in the IMF

reserve position in the Fund
[BPM5; IFS]
RPF
creditor position
asset position
creditor reporting system
CRS
creditor
[GFSM; SNA93]
CreditRisk
CreditRisk
Page221
English
Arabic
creditworthiness
credit standing
creeping inflation (steady)

persistent inflation
criminal fraud
crisis bystanders
crisis resolution
Crisis Resolution Issues Division
[SPR/CR]
CRI
critical mass
critical region
critical value
criticized asset
crony capitalism
cronyism
Page222
English
Arabic
crop diversification project
[IBRD]
crop year
Cross Border Initiative
[AfDB]
CBI
cross debts
cross elasticity
cross rate
cross validation function
cross-border acquisitions
cross-border asset
cross-border claim
transborder claim
transborder interbank claim
cross-border coordination
Page223
English
Arabic
cross-border flows
cross-border financial flows
cross-border investment
cross-border lending
foreign lending
cross-border links
cross-border risk
cross-classification
multiple classification
[statistics]
cross-collateralization
cross-conditionality
[IMF-IBRD]
cross-correlogram
cross-country analysis
cross-country review
cross-country study
Page224
English
Arabic
Cross-Country Fiscal Monitor

The State of Public Finances: A Cross-Country Fiscal Monitor
Cross-country Report
cross-currency interest rate swap
interest and cross-currency swap
cross-currency warrant
cross-cutting issue
cross-default clause
[London Club]
crossed check
cross-elasticity of demand
CED
cross-listing
cross-section analysis
cross-sectional study
cross-section series
[statistics]
Page225
English
Arabic
cross-sectional data
[statistics]
cross-section data
cross-sell
cross-shareholding
cross-participation
cross-subsidization
cross-tabulation
crowd out
crowded trade
concentration of market positions
concentration of positions
herding
crowding-in effect
crowding-out effect
crowding out of private investment
CSO Townhall Meetings
Page226
English
Arabic
CTRL
[key]
Control Key
CTRL
cumulant generating function
cumulative amount
[AA]
cumulative frequency
cumulative frequency curve
cumulative frequency distribution
cumulative frequency function
cumulative net drawings

[1993-]
[IMF]
curb market
[SNA93]
curb
kerb market
[UK]
curbing intervention
currency acceptable to the Fund
[IMF]
Page227
English
Arabic
currency alignment
currency basket
basket of currencies
currency bloc
currency board arrangement

[IMF exchange rate classification system, 2006]
CBA
currency board
[GFSM]
currency change bond
currency component
[IMF]
currency composite
composite of currencies
currency composition
currency conversion
[BPM5]
currency convertibility
currency crash
Page228
Arabic
English
currency crisis
currency holdings
][IMF
IMF holdings of currencies
Fund holdings of currencies
currencies held by the Fund
][IMF
Page229
currency in circulation
currency issue
currency liabilities
currency mismatch
][FSIG
currency option bond
currency outside banks

cash outside banks
currency pooling
currency redenomination
English
Arabic
currency substitution
currency swap
currency transaction report
CTR
currency union
Currency Union Technical Expert Group
CUTEG
currency unit
currency valuation
currency valuation adjustment

[IMF, accounts]
CVA
valuation adjustment
currency war
currency warrant
currency
[BPM5; BPM6; GFSM; SNA93]
currency-deposits ratio
[commercial banks]
Page230
English
Arabic
current account
current account balance

balance on current account
current account convertibility
current account deficit
current account position
current account surplus with receipt of current grants (saving)
[GFSY]
current account surplus without receipt of grants (own saving)
[GFSY]
Current Agricultural Research Information System
( )
[FAO]
CARIS
current asset
short-term asset
current budget
Page231
English
Arabic
current capital
net current assets
working capital
[SNA93]
Current Communications Division
current cost
current cost accounting
[GBR]
CCA
current expenditure
current grants
current liability
/
/

short-term liability
current debt
current maturities
current operating performance concept
COPC
current policies scenario
Page232
English
Arabic
current prices
in current prices
at current prices
[CPI]
Current Publications Division
current ratio
current replacement cost

replacement cost
current revenue
[GFSY]
current receipts
[SNA93]
CR
current transfer
current transfer payments/receipts
current value
present value
current year
[multiyear budgeting]
current, to be
[IMF]
Page233
English
Arabic
current-ratio covenant
current-weighted index
Paasche index
curve
curve risk
yield curve risk
cushion
[HIPC; FSIG]
safety cushion
custodial risk
custodian bank
[asset management]
custody account
[GMBS]
custodian account
custody
customary business practices
customer acquisition cost
Page234
English
Arabic
customer identification program
[U.S.]
OP Program
CIP
customer
customs bond
customs bonded warehouse

bonded warehouse
customs clearance
Customs Co-operation Council
CCC
customs drawbacks
[GFS 1986]
customs duty
customs duty bill
customs frontier
customs returns
Page235
English
Arabic
customs tariff
tariff
[SNA93]
customs union
tariff union
customs valuation
cutback(s)
[fiscal policy]
cutoff date
[Paris Club]
cut-off procedure
cutoff rate
cutoff sampling
[statistics]
cyclical component of budget balance
cyclical influence
Page236
English
Arabic
cyclical position
cyclical stock
cyclical unemployment
cyclically adjusted
cyclically neutral budget
cyclically-adjusted fiscal balance

CAB
Danish International Development Agency
Data and Information Systems Section
[RES/WO/DI]
data base management
data category
[GDDS]
data dimension
[GDDS]
Data Dissemination Standards Division
[STA/DD]
Page237
English
Arabic
data entry
[IT]
data input
data capture
logging
Data Quality Assessment Framework
[IMF, DSBB]
DQAF
Data Quality Assessment Program
[IMF]
DQAP
Data Quality Reference Site
[IMF, DSBB]
data reporting
[IMF-STA]
reporting
[IMF-STA]
data source
[BPM5]
source of data
Data Standards Initiative
[IMF]
Standards Initiative
Page238
English
Data Template on International Reserves and Foreign Currency
Liquidity
Arabic
reserves data template

[GDDS]
reserve template
database
data bank
dataset-specific quality assessment framework

dataset-specific framework
specific assessment framework
Dated Brent
dated security
day trade
day trading
daylight trade
day trader
daybook
[accounting]
day-count convention
Page239
English
Arabic
daylight credit
daily overdraft
daylight exposure
intraday credit
de facto pegging
de minimis clause
[Paris Club]
de minimis creditors
de minimis level
[Paris Club]
deadweight loss
efficiency loss
dealer
[USA]
jobber
[GBR]
Dean
[IMF Executive Board]
death rate
Deauville Partnership with the Middle East

Deauville Partnership
Page240
English
Arabic
debatable assumption
debenture debt
debenture holder
debenture
[GBR; USA]
debit
debit (column)
( )
[]

[]

[accounting]
debit (item)
[accounting]
debit an account with an amount

debit an amount to an account
debit balance
debit card
debit entry
[accounting]
Page241
English
Arabic
debit transfer system

debit collection system
debriefing
[IMF]
debt amortization
amortization
debt and debt service reduction operation

DDSR operation
market-based DDSR operation

[debt, London Club]
debt and debt service reduction
DDSR
Debt and Program Financing Issues Division
debt assets
debt claims
debt brake rule
[Switzerland]
debt burden
debt capital
loan capital
Page242
English
Arabic
debt ceiling
debt collection
debt recovery
debt consolidation
debt funding
funding
debt conversion bond
DCB
debt conversion
[Paris Club]
debt swap
debt-debt swap
bond swap
debt covenant
covenant
debt disbursed and outstanding
debt dynamics
debt fatigue
debt financing
debt finance
Page243
English
Arabic
debt for aid swap
[Paris Club]
debt for development swap
debt for education swap
debt for environment swap
debt for equity swap market
debt for nature swap

[Paris Club]
debt forgiveness
debt cancellation
cancellation of debt
forgiveness
debt holder
debt in registered form
registered debt
debt induced deflation

debt deflation
debt intolerance
Page244
English
Arabic
debt liabilities
[FSIG]
debt management
Debt Management and Financial Analysis System
[UNCTAD]
DMFAS
Debt Management Facility
[World Bank]
DMF
debt moratorium
[London Club]
debt standstill
payments standstill
debt overhang
Debt Policy Division
[IMF-<a href=mcTermLink|296b855f-7751-42c2-b180d6b2e285bab0|9f3138ff-ea1f-42de-a9b4-df11dfb8c9ed
class=FieldValue>SPR</a>]
debt portfolio
debt position
Page245
English
Arabic
debt principal
principal
debt profile
debt ratio
Debt Reduction Facility for IDA-Only Countries
[IBRD]
IDA Debt Reduction Facility
debt reduction fund

[IBRD]
multilateral debt facility
MDF
debt reduction loan

[IBRD]
debt reduction operations

DROPS
debt refinancing
debt relief
Debt Relief for Low-Income Countries: The Enhanced HIPC
Initiative
debt reorganization
Page246
English
Arabic
debt reporting system
[IMF]
debt reprofiling
[Paris Club]
reprofiling
debt repudiation
[GFSM]
debt rescheduling
debt restructuring
debt reconstruction
restructuring
debt security
debt instrument
debt service payment

service payment
debt service ratio
debt service
debt servicing
[SNA93]
Page247
Arabic
English
debt service-to-export ratio
debt service-to-exports ratio
][HIPC Initiative
debt sold by auction
debt strategy
debt sustainability
debt sustainability analysis paper
debt sustainability analysis template

][IMF
debt sustainability template
DSA template
debt sustainability analysis

][IMF
DSA
debt sustainability framework

DSF
debt sustainability mechanism

][HIPC Initiative
Page248
debt sustainability threshold
English
Arabic
debt trap
debt workout meeting
[HIPC Initiative]
debt workout
debt renegotiation
workout
debt-bond exchange
debt-bond swap
debt-creating flows
debt-deflation
debt-distressed country
severely indebted country
debt-distressed situation
debt distress
debt-equity ratio
Page249
English
Arabic
debt-equity swap
[Paris Club]
debt for equity swap

debt for equity conversion
conversion of debt into equity
debt-to-equity swap
debt-export ratio
debt-to-exports ratio
debtor approach
debtor approach to interest expense
debtor country
debtor currency
debtor in possession
debtor position
liability position
Debtor Reporting System, World Bank
( )
[IBRD]
DRS
debtor-in-possession financing
DIP financing
debt-reduction package
debt-reduction plan
Page250
English
Arabic
debt-servicing capacity
debt-to-GDP ratio
decapitalization
decentralization
decentralized agency
[GFS 1986]
decile
[statistics]
decision maker
decision making (process)
Decision on Bilateral and Multilateral Surveillance

Integrated Surveillance Decision
ISD
Decision on Bilateral Surveillance over Members' Policies
[IMF]
decision point
[IMF; HIPC Initiative]
Page251
English
Arabic
decision
[IMF]
Declaration and Plan of Action on Industrial Development and CoOperation

[UNIDO]
Declaration and Programme of Action for the Establishment of a
New International Economic Order
declaration of censure
[IMF overdue financial obligations]
censure
declaration of ineligibility
[IMF]
declaration of intent
declaration of noncooperation
[IMF]
Declaration on Cooperation to Strengthen the Global Expansion

[Interim Committee]
Madrid Declaration
Declaration on Measures to Eliminate International Terrorism
Declaration on the protection of all persons from being subjected

to torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or
punishment
[UN]
Page252
English
Arabic
declining balance method (of depreciation)
[accounting]
diminishing balance method
reducing balance method
decomposition of the index
[CPI]
deconsolidation
decoupled income support

decoupled support
decoupling
[EU]
decoupling theory
decreasing cost
decumulation
[inventories]
dedicated investor
dedollarization
/
/
Page253
English
Arabic
deductible
[insurance]
excess
[GBR]
deductive value
[Customs]
deep discount issue

[capital market]
deep financial market
deep-discount bond
deep-discounted bond
deep-in-the-money option
deep-out-of-the-money option
deep-pocketed investor
deep-pocket investor
default contagion
default dependence
default correlation
default on obligations
Page254
English
Arabic
default on payment
default
default
defeasance
debt defeasance
deferral
[Paris Club]
deferment
deferred annuity
deferred charges
[IMF accounts]
deferred compensation
deferred credit
deferred drawdown option
[World Bank]
DDO
deferred income
[IMF accounts]
deferred taxation
Page255
English
Arabic
deficit financing
deficit spending
pump priming
deficit reduction package
deficit
( )

[SNA93]
defined benefit retirement scheme

defined benefit plan
defined contribution retirement scheme

defined contribution plan
money purchase plan
defining moment
decisive moment
turning point
definitional equation
deflate (an economy)
deflate (prices)
deflation
Page256
English
Arabic
deflationary
deflationary demand measure
deflationary gap
deflationary pressure
deflationary trap
deflation trap
deflationary spiral
deflator
degraduation
[World Bank]
degree of correlation
degree of freedom
degressive tax
delay
stay
[law]
postpone
delegation of authority
[BL]

[1997 -]
Page257
English
Arabic
deleverage
deleveraging
Delhi Group on Informal Sector Statistics
delinquency
delinquent borrower
delinquent loan
delinquent tax
delivery management
delivery versus payment system
delivery-versus-payment
DVP
Delta
demand
demand curve
Page258
English
Arabic
demand deposit
checking account deposit

sight deposit
demand draft
sight draft
[SNA93]
demand elasticity

/
/

elasticity of demand
demand for money
[SNA93]
demand function
demand management
demand pressures
demand rebalancing
rebalancing of demand
demand reservation price
demand restraint
demand schedule
Page259
English
Arabic
demand shift inflation
demand, payable on
[banking]
demand-pull inflation
demand inflation
dematerialization
Demobilization and Reintegration Program
[Congo (DRC)]
democracy dividend
Demographic and Health Survey
DHS
demonetization
demonetization of gold
demonstration effect
denomination
( )

[banknotes]
Page260
English
Arabic
density function
Denton benchmarking methods
Department for Economic and Social Information and Policy
Analysis
DESIPA
Department for International Development
[UK]
DFID
Department for Policy Coordination and Sustainable Development
[UN]
Department Head
[IMF]
Department of Humanitarian Affairs
DHA
Department of Technical Co-Operation for Development
[UN]
departmental agency
departmental budget
departmental enterprise
Page261
English
Arabic
Departmental Memorandum
[IMF document series; DM/...]
DM
Departmental Support Services
[IMF-TGS/IS]
DSS
dependency allowance
[IMF-HRD]
family allowance
child allowance
[UN]
child benefit allowance
dependency ratio
dependent variable
[statistics]
response variable
predicted variable
criterion variable
results variable
depletion allowance
[SNA93]
depletion of mineral deposits
[SNA 1993, GFSM 2001]
depletion
[accounting]
Page262
English
Arabic
deposit bank
[IFS]
deposit claims
deposit facility
[Eurosystem]
deposit guarantee scheme
deposit insurance
Deposit Insurance Fund

deposit insurance scheme
deposit liabilities
deposit money bank
deposit rate
[SNA93]
deposit run
deposit runoff
Page263
English
Arabic
deposit taking
[banking]
attracting deposits
deposit withheld taxes into a government account
deposit
[mining]
deposit/loan ratio
depository corporation
depository institution
depository receipt
Depository Trust & Clearing Corporation
[USA]
DTCC
depository
[IMF]
depreciable asset
depreciable cost
depreciable life
depreciation
( )
Page264
English
Arabic
depreciation allowance
allowance for depreciation

allowance
depreciation provision
depreciation reserve
depressed area
deprival method of valuation

deprival asset valuation
depth of the market
[financial market]
market depth
Deputy
[G-24, IDA]
derecognition
[accounting]
deregulation
decontrol
derestriction
[GATT]
derivation procedures
[GFS 1986]

[1989 - ]
Page265
English
Arabic
derivation table
[GFS 1986]
derivative instrument
financial derivative
derivative
derivative
(... )
[calculus]
derived measure
Desert Storm
Design and Construction Section
[TGS/DF/DC]
Design, Construction, and Real Estate Section
designated depository
[IMF]
designation agreement
[SDR]
designation plan
[IMF]
designation
[IMF; SDR]
Page266
English
Arabic
desirable equilibrium exchange rate
DEER
desk economist (for ... [country])
( )
[IMF]
desk officer for ( ... [country])
country desk
desk review matrix
destabilizing
disequilibrating
[capital flows]
destination inspection
destocking
detail accounting
determinant
deterministic model
deterministic process
deterrence measure
deterrence
deterrent measure
deterrent
Page267
English
Arabic
deterrent effect
detrend, to
detrended output
devaluation
[SNA93]
developing and transition countries
DTC
developing country
Developing Country Studies Division
[RES/CT]
Development Agenda Global Trust Fund
development aid
development assistance
[BPM5]
Development Assistance Committee
[OECD]
DAC
Development Bank of Southern Africa
DBSA
Page268
English
Arabic
Development Bank of the Great Lakes States
BDEGL
development budget
Development Council
[EU]
development economics
[economics]
Development Finance Companies
[IBRD]
DFC
Development Finance Institutions
[IBRD]
DFI
Development Fund for Iraq

DFI
Development Gateway
Development Gateway Foundation
[World Bank]
Development Grant Facility
[IBRD]
DGF
Page269
English
Arabic
Development Issues Division
[SPR/DS]
DID
development partner
development policy loan
DPL
devolved budgeting
budget devolution
Diagnostic Trade Integrated Study
diagonal matrix
diagonal regression
diammonium phosphate
DAP
difference equation
difference
[calculus]
differencing
[statistics]
differential

( .. )
( .. )
( .. )
Page270
English
Arabic
differential equation
[calculus]
differential shock
differential treatment
[taxation]
difficulty of firing index
[World Bank]
difficulty of hiring index
[World Bank]
diffuse prior distribution
improper prior distribution
digital divide
Digital Print Unit
[TGS/DG/GR/DP]
dilution
diminishing returns
direct investment
Page271
English
Arabic
direct investment enterprise
[BPM5; BPM6]
direct investment income
[BPM5]
direct investor
[BPM5; BPM6]
direct quotation
directed credit
direction of investment
[BPM5]
Direction of Trade Statistics Yearbook
[IMF; publication not translated]

DOTS Yearbook
DOTSY
Direction of Trade Statistics
[IMF-STA; publication not translated]

DOTS
direction of trade
geographical direction of trade
directional principle
Page272
English
Arabic
Director and Special Representative to the United Nations
[IMF-UNR]
Director for Special Operations
Director of Human Resources
[IMF-HRD]
Director of Internal Audit
Director of Research
[IMF-RES]
Director of Statistics
[IMF-STA]
Director
[IMF]
Director, Assistant
[IMF]
Director, Associate
[IMF]
Associate Director
Director, Deputy
[IMF]
Director, Office in Europe
Page273
English
Arabic
Director, Office in Geneva
Director, Offices in Europe
[IMF/EUO]
Directorate General of Exchange Control
[Equatorial Guinea]
ONCC
Directorate General
[EC]
DG
Directorate-General for Economic and Financial Affairs
[EC]
directorship
dirty price
[securities]
full price
disability-adjusted life years
[WHO]
DALY
disaggregated data
disaggregation
Page274
English
Disarmament, demobilisation, repatriation, resettlement and
Arabic
reintegration
[Congo (DRC)]
DDRRR
Disarmament, Demobilization, Reintegration
[Congo (DRC)]
DDR
disbursed debt
disbursement
discharge an obligation
[IMF]
discharge
disclaimer of opinion
[audit]
( )

disclaimer
[audit]
disclosure avoidance
[IMF-EBB]
disclosure requirements
Page275
English
Arabic
discomfort index
misery index
[USA]
discontinuous function
discount bond
discounted bond
discount note
discount rate
[central banking]
minimum lending rate
[GBR]
MLR
bank rate
[GBR]
discount window
[central banking]
discount
[spot exchange; SNA93]
discount, at a
discountable
eligible for discounting
eligible for rediscounting
Page276
English
Arabic
discounting and rediscounting operations
[GMBS]
discrete devaluation
step devaluation
discrete variable
discrete
[mathematics]
discretionary spending
discretionary trust
discriminant analysis
discriminating monopoly
discriminatory currency practice
[IMF]
discriminatory tariff preference
discussion memorandum
[standard-setting]
discussion draft
Page277
English
Arabic
diseconomy
disembodied productivity growth
disembodied technological progress
dishoarding
dishonored check
bad check
unpaid check
disincentive
disinflation
disinflationary
disintermediation
disinvestment
disorderly adjustment
Page278
English
Arabic
disorderly exchange market conditions
disposable income
[BPM5; SNA93]
disposal
disposal of nonproduced, nonfinancial assets
disposal of problem assets
disposition (of assets)
( )
disposition
dispute settlement mechanism
[GATT]
dispute settlement procedures
disruption
disruptive fluctuation
dissaving
negative saving
Dissemination Standards Bulletin Board
[IMF]
DSBB
Page279
English
Arabic
distance learning
distance education
distance to default
distance to distress
DD
distinctive behavior
distortion
distress financing
distress sales
distressed asset
distributed earnings
[BPM5]
distributed lag function
distributed lag model

[1993 -]
distribution channel
Page280
English
Arabic
distribution function
[statistics]
distribution of income
income distribution
distribution of the estimate
distribution of the variables
distributional effect
distributive effect
distribution-free
distributive services
[BPM5]
distributive trade services

[GFS 1986]
disturbance
disturbance term
divergence indicator

[1989 - ]
[EMS]
diversification
asset diversification
Page281
English
Arabic
diversified borrower
Diversity Advisor
[IMF]
Diversity Council
[IMF]
DC
divestiture (of assets)

divestment
divestiture (of public enterprises)
dividend
divisia money
Division 1, 2, 3, ...
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )

... ()( )( )
[APD/D1, D2, D3, ...]
Division A, B, C, ...
Division Chief
... ( )( )( )
[IMF]
Division Chief, Deputy
[IMF]
Page282
English
Arabic
do not copy
doctored data
document of International Monetary Fund and not for public use

[]
document series
[IMF]
documentary letter of credit
documentary credit
Documents and Web Systems Division
Documents Control Office
[TGS/LA]
DCO
Documents Distribution Unit
[TGS/ID/IS/DD]
Documents Section
[SEC/AI/DS]
Documents, Office Systems, and Records Division
Dodd-Frank Act
Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act
-
-
Page283
Arabic
English
Doha Development Agenda Global Trust Fund
Doha Development Agenda

][WTO
DDA
Doha Development Round

Doha Round
development round
][trade
Doha Ministerial Declaration

Doha Declaration
Doing Business Project

][World Bank
Doing Business database
Doing Business rankings

][World Bank
Doing Business Report
dollar balances
dollar glut
Page284
dollar overhang
English
Arabic
dollarization
dollarized economy
domestic absorption
domestic amortization
domestic budget balance
[GFS 1986]
domestic content
[imports]
domestic credit
domestic credit expansion
DCE
domestic currency unit value
domestic currency
[GFSM]
local currency
[GFSM]
domestic financing
[GFSY; SNA93]
Page285
English
Arabic
domestic liabilities
[GFSM]
domestic liquidity
domestic market
home market
domestic resource cost
DRC
domestic saving
domestic securities
domestic taxes on goods and services
[GFSY]
dominating position in the market
domino effect
Donde Bill
[Kenya]
donor country
donor
[SNA93]
Page286
English
Arabic
donors and creditors

donors and lenders
donors' conference
dormant account
inactive account
dormant debt
dot chart
double counting
[SNA93]
double cropping
double declining balance method (of depreciation)

[accounting]
double least squares

)(
double majority
double sampling
double tailwinds
Page287
English
Arabic
double taxation treaty

double taxation agreement
DTA
double taxation
dual taxation
double-digit inflation
two-digit inflation
double-dip recession
double-dipping
double-entry accounting system
double-entry system
double-entry accounting
double-entry bookkeeping
doubtful loan
doubtful credit
Dow Theory
down payment
Page288
English
Arabic
downgrading
demotion
downhill flow of capital
downside risk
downside variability
downsizing
labor shedding
downstream capacity
downstream integration
downturn
cyclical downturn
downswing
cyclical downswing
downward adjustment
downward bias
negative bias
downward pressure
downward spiral
Page289
English
Arabic
downward trend
falling trend
downtrend
downward-sloping curve
drachmail
draft agenda
[Interim Committee]
draft amendment
[IMF]
draft decision
draft Manual on Fiscal Transparency
draft resolution
[IMF]
draw down
( )
[London Club]
draw on the IMF
drawback
[customs]
drawdown period
( )

Page290
English
Arabic
drawee
drawee bank
drawing country
[IMF]
drawer
drawing down
( )
[in general]
drawing facility
( )
[IMF]
drawing on loans extended
[BOP]
drawing on the General Resources Account
[IMF]
drawing right
[IMF]
drawing up
drip irrigation
drivers of project outcomes
Page291
English
Arabic
droplock security
dual currency bond
dual economy
dual exchange market
dual pricing
dual rate system
[exchange rates]
Dubai Financial Market General Index
DFMGI
Dubai Financial Market
DFM
Dubai International Convention Centre
DICC
due and payable
due date
due diligence
dummy out
Page292
English
Arabic
dummy variable
dumping
[trade]
duopoly
durable good
durable stock
duration (of an investment)

duration
( )
[MPI]
Durbin-Watson statistic
DW
Dutch auction
Dutch disease
[oil or natural gas exporting countries]
Dutot index
duty-free
dynamic exporter
dynamic hedging
Page293
English
Arabic
dynamic multiplier
Dynamic Random Access Memory
DRAM
early drawing
[CCFF]
early repurchase expectation

[IMF]
prompt repurchase expectation
early repurchase of accelerated set-aside amounts
[IMF]
early repurchase
[IMF]
advance repurchase
early retirement
[IMF]
early stabilizer
early warning system
early warning system model
EWS
earmark
( )
Page294
English
Arabic
earmarked account
[GMBS]
earmarked tax
earned income tax credit
earned income
[BPM5]
earning asset
income-earning asset
productive asset
earnings
earnings before interest and tax

[FSIG]
EBIT
earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization
EBITDA
earnings opacity
Earth Charter
[UNCED]
Earth Council
Page295
English
Arabic
easing credit
easing
softening
East Africa Regional Technical Assistance Center
East AFRITAC
East African Community
EAC
East African Development Bank
EADB
East African Division I, II
East Caribbean Common Market
()( )
[OECS]
ECCM
East Caribbean Currency Authority
ECCA
Eastern and Southern Africa Currency Unit
ESACU
Eastern Caribbean Central Bank
ECCB
Page296
English
Arabic
Eastern Caribbean Currency Union
ECCU
Eastern Division
Eastern Europe and the U.S.S.R.
Eastern European Division
easy rider bank
easy rider
economic agent
economic entity
economic unit
Economic and Development Review Committee
[OECD]
Economic and Financial Committee
[EMU]
Economic and Monetary Union
[EU]
EMU
Economic and Sector Work
ESW
Page297
English
Arabic
Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific
[UN-ECOSOC]
ESCAP
Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia
[UN-ECOSOC]
ESCWA
Economic and Social Council, United Nations
[UN]
ECOSOC
Economic and Social Security Council

Global Council
Economic and Statistical Observatory for Sub-Saharan Africa
AFRISTAT
economic benefits
economic circumstances
economic conditions
economic environment
Economic Commission for Africa
[UN-ECOSOC]
ECA
Economic Commission for Asia and the Far East
[ECOSOC]
ECAFE
Page298
English
Arabic
Economic Commission for Europe
[UN-ECOSOC]
ECE
Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean
ECLAC
Economic Commission for Latin America
ECLA
Economic Community of Central African States
ECCAS
Economic Community of the Great Lakes Countries
CEPGL
Economic Community of West African States
( )
ECOWAS
economic construct
Economic Cooperation Agreement
ECA 4
Economic Cooperation Organization
ECO
Economic Counsellor
[IMF-RES]
Page299
English
Arabic
Economic Data Sharing System

[IMF]
EDSS
economic depreciation
[accounting]
Economic Development Institute

[IBRD]
EDI
economic dynamics
economic efficiency
efficiency
economic fundamentals
fundamentals
fundamental determinants
Economic Growth and Tax Relief Reconciliation Act
[USA]
EGTRRA
Economic Information System
[IMF-STA]
EIS
economic interdependence
Page300
English
Arabic
Economic Issues
[IMF publication series]
economic life
[SNA93]
useful life
service life
[GFSM]
economic literature
Economic Management and Social Action and Support Project
[Madagascar]
EMSAP
economic performance
economic price
efficiency price
Economic Recovery Assistance Program
[IMF]
ERAP
economic recovery
recovery
economic rent
rent
Page301
English
Arabic
economic screening
screening
economic slack
economic slowdown
Economic Systems Division
[TGS/IE]
economic territory
[BPM5, SNA]
economic value
[SNA]
economic welfare
welfare
economically significant price

[SNA 1993, GFSM 2001; GFSM]
economics
( ... )
economies of scale
economies of scope
Page302
English
Arabic
Economist Program
[IMF]
EP
Economist
[IMF]
Economist, Chief
[IMF]
Economist, Senior
[IMF]
Editor
Editor, (name of a publication)
( )
[IMF-EXR]
Editor, (name of publication), Assistant
[IMF-EXR]
Editor, Chief
[IMF-EXR]
Editor, Division Chief and
Editorial and Publications Division
[EXR/EP]
Editorial Assistant
[IMF]
Page303
English
Arabic
Editorial Assistant, Senior
[IMF]
Editorial Division
Editorial Officer
[IMF]
Editorial Section Chief
[TGS/LR/ED; TGS/LE/ED]
educated guess
education
education allowance
[IMF-HRD]
Education For All Fast Track
Education For All Fast Track initiative

EFA Fast Track
FTI
Education for All
EFA
effective cost of borrowing
effective date
Page304
English
Arabic
effective exchange rate facility
[IMF]
EER Facility
effective exchange rate
EER
effective protection
effective rate of assistance
ERA
effective rate of protection
ERP
efficiency frontier
efficiency wage
efficient estimator
efficient portfolio frontier
Egmont Group of Financial Intelligence Units
elasticity
elasticity of a tax system
elasticity of expectations
Page305
English
Arabic
elasticity of substitution
elasticity of supply
supply elasticity
elasticity pessimism
elected Executive Director
[IMF]
electing lender
[IMF-ESAF; BPM5]
elective Executive Director
[IMF]
electricity theft
power theft
illegal tap
Electronic Bill Presentment
EBP
electronic bulletin board
EBB
Electronic Check Acceptance
ECA
Page306
English
Arabic
electronic data processing

EDP
data processing
informatics
Electronic Discussion Group on Pension Schemes
EDG
electronic finance
electronic funds transfer point of sale
electronic funds transfer/point of sale

electronic funds transfer at point of sale
EFTPOS
electronic funds transfer
EFT
electronic platform
electronic trade platform
element of gift or grant
[BPM5]
elementary aggregate index
[CPI]
elementary aggregate
[CPI]
eligibility criterion
[HIPC]
Page307
English
Arabic
eligibility provision
[elections]
eligibility
[GFSM]
eligible
eligible asset
[banking]
eligible debt
[Paris Club]
eligible vote
[IMF]
ellipsoid
e-mail
electronic mail
[BPM5]
embargo
[publications]
embargoed
embargo
[publications]
embedded derivative
Page308
English
Arabic
embedded option
[bonds]
embodied cost
( )
embodied technological progress (capital)
emergency assistance
[IMF]
Emergency Early Recovery Project

[World Bank]
EERP
Emergency Economic and Social Reunification Support Project
[World Bank, Congo(DRC)]

EESRSP
Emergency Economic Stabilization Act
[USA]
EESA
Emergency Facility for Natural Disasters
[IMF Facilities]
emergency financing mechanism
[IMF]
Emergency Multisectoral Rehabilitation and Reconstruction
Program
[World Bank, Congo(DRC)]
EMRRP
Page309
English
Arabic
Emergency Natural Disaster Assistance
ENDA
Emergency Assistance for Natural Disasters
emergency post-conflict assistance

[IMF]
EPCA
emergency and post-conflict assistance

policy of emergency assistance to post-conflict countries
emergency provisions
[AA]
emergency purchase
[IMF facilities]
emergency recovery loan
[IBRD]
Emergency Services Support Project
[Palestinian Authority; World Bank]

ESSP
emerging market
emerging market country
emerging market economy
EME
emerging markets and developing countries
EMDCs
Page310
English
Arabic
Emerging Markets Bond Index Plus
EMBI
Emerging Markets Bond Index
EMBI
Emerging Markets Studies Division
Emerging Markets Surveillance Division
emigration of the tax base
empalme
[ARG]
convergence factor
empirical evidence
empirical study
employee attrition rate
employee's social contribution

[insurance; pensions]
employee contribution
employer's actual social contributions

actual social contributions
employers' imputed social contributions
Page311
English
Arabic
employer's payroll or manpower tax
[GFS 1986]
employer's social contributions

[SNA]
employer contribution
employment rate
employment slack
Employment, Compensation, and Benefits Review
ECBR
empowerment
enabling environment
enabling power
encash
[IMF]
encashability of bonds
[<a href=mcTermLink|8198ae14-6f99-4644-99b7-
44e16ef3444c|9badfbdb-565a-4cac-996c-863baa2df9cb
class=FieldValue>NAB</a>]
encashable bonds
Page312
English
Arabic
encashable
encashable loan claim
encashment
encashment of rights

( )
[IMF]
encashment right
[IMF]
encouraged area
[GDDS]
encouraged extension
[GDDS]
encouraged standard
[IMF-EBB]
encumbered
[BPM5]
end consumer
end of mission report
[IMF]
Page313
English
Arabic
end product
final product
end use
end user
final user
end-of-quarter to end-of-quarter change
endogeneity
Endogenous Growth Model
endogenous shock
endogenous variable
endorsement
( )
[SNA93]
endowment
endowment policy
[insurance]
energy arrears
energy balance
Page314
English
Arabic
Energy for the Poor Initiative
EFPI
energy saving growth
energy security
security of supply
energy-intensive
energy-saving technology
enforceable
[IMF]
enforcement of security
realization of collateral
enforcement power
[IMF]
engagement of the IMF in a country

IMF engagement
[ ]
[ ]
Fund involvement
Fund engagement
engagement
engine of growth
English and Eastern Languages Division
Page315
English
English and Eastern Languages Editorial Section
Arabic
[TGS/LE/ED]
English Division
English Section
[TGS]
enhanced concessions
[Paris Club]
enhanced credit
credit enhancement
enhanced Initiative for Heavily Indebted Poor Countries

[IMF]
enhanced HIPC Initiative
[IMF]
Enhanced Heavily Indebted Poor Countries Initiative
Enhanced Integrated Framework for Trade-Related Technical
Assistance to least-developed countries

Enhanced IF
EIF
Enhanced Monitoring Policy
EMP
enhanced monitoring procedure
[IMF]
EMP
Page316
English
enhanced partnership between the Bank and the Fund for
sustainable growth and poverty reduction
enhanced partnership
Enhanced Structural Adjustment Facility Trust Instrument

ESAF Trust Instrument
Arabic
Enhanced Structural Adjustment Facility Trust
[IMF]
ESAF Trust
Enhanced Structural Adjustment Facility
[IMF]
ESAF
enhanced SAF
Enhanced Structural Adjustment Facility, enlarged and extended
( )
[unofficial title]
enhanced surveillance policies
enhanced surveillance procedure

[IMF]
enhanced surveillance
enhanced Toronto terms
enhancement money
enhancement of debt-bond exchanges
Page317
English
Arabic
enhancement of resources
enhancement of SDRs
enlarged access resources
[IMF]
EAR
enlarged access to the Fund's resources

[IMF]
EAR
enlarged access to Fund resources
enlarged government
enter into an agreement, to
enter into transactions

[AA]
enterprise economy
Enterprise for the Americas Initiative
[USA]
entitled to representation
[AA]
entitlement program
[USA]
Page318
English
Arabic
entitlement reform
entitlement spending
entity governments
entrept trade
entrepreneur
entrepreneurial ability
entrepreneurial and property income
[GFSY]
entrepreneurial income
entrepreneurship
[SNA93]
entry
[accounting]
enumerator
[census]
Page319
English
Arabic
envelope
envelope system
[budget]
envelope theorem
enveloping
environmental accounting
green accounting
environmental action plan
[IBRD]
environmental clean-up
environmental constraint
environmental depletion
depletion of natural resources

[BPM5]
environmental impact
environmental tax
green tax
Page320
English
Arabic
Environmentally and Socially Sustainable Development Network

[IBRD]
ESSD
environmentally sustainable development

[IBRD]
Eonia
Euro OverNight Index Average
epidemic
equal treatment
[London Club]
equal value exchange rate
[SDR]
equal value principle
[SDR]
equalization grant
[public finance]
equalization of burden fund
equalization fund
equalization system
equalizing at the margin
Page321
English
Arabic
equation of exchange
Fisher equation
Equatorial African Division I, II
equilibrating capital flow

equilibrating capital movement
equilibrium effects
equilibrium exchange rate
equilibrium path
equilibrium real exchange rate
equilibrium risk premium
equilibrium theory
equilibrium unemployment
equilibrium rate of unemployment
equiproportionality
[SDR allocation]
equity buyout
buyout
equity capital inflow
( )

()( )
Page322
English
Arabic
equity financing
equity finance
equity income
equity investment
equity issue
[SDR allocation]
equity line
equity loan
equity market
stock market
equity oil
profit oil
equity option
stock option
equity ownership
equity participation
equity interest
equity share
Page323
Arabic
English
equity participation note
equity portfolio
equity position
Page324
equity profitability
equity security
equity swap
equity tranche
first-loss tranche
first-loss equity tranche
equity transaction
equity
equity capital
equity-like instrument
ergodic process
English
Arabic
ergodicity
error-correction model
[econometrics]
ECM
ESAF arrangement
[IMF]
ESAF Review Division

[PDR/ES]
ESAF successor
[IMF]
successor facility
ESAF Trust Loan Account

Loan Account
ESAF Trust loan

[IMF-ESAF]
Trust loan
ESAF Trust portion of ESAF (or SAF) loan
[IMF-FIN]
ESAF Trust part of ESAF loan
ESAF Trust Reserve Account
Reserve Account
ESAF Trust Subsidy Account
Subsidy Account
Page325
Arabic
English
ESAF-HIPC Trust Account
][IMF
escalator clause
escalation clause
escalator
price escalator
cost escalator
adjustment factor
escape clause
ESCB capital key

capital key
escrow account
][IMF/WB; HIPC
escrowed grant
][ESAF-HIPC
escrowed loan
][ESAF-HIPC
ESF Subsidy Account

][IMF
Page326
ESF-PRGF Subsidy Account

][IMF
English
Arabic
essential goods
established Fund procedures, under
establishment
[BPM5; SNA93]
estate account
estate duty
estate tax
estate, inheritance, and gift taxes
estimated expenditure
estimator
[statistics]
Ethics Committee
Ethics Office
[IMF-OMD]
Ethics Officer
[IMF-OMD]
ethnolinguistic fractionalization
ELF
Page327
English
Arabic
EU Policies Division
[EUR/EU]
EU sugar regime
EU-15
Eurepo
Euribor
Euro Interbank Offered Rate
euro
euro area
euro zone
eurozone
Euro Plus Pact
Eurobond
Eurobond issue
Eurobond market
Page328
English
Arabic
Eurocommercial paper
[BPM5]
ECP
Euro-CP
Eurocredit
Eurocurrency loan
Eurocurrency
Euro-currency Standing Committee
[BIS]
ECSC
Eurocurrency Standing Committee
Eurodollar
[SNA93]
Eurogeddon
Eurogroup
euroization
Euromarket
Euronote
Page329
English
Arabic
Europe and Middle East/Central Asia Regional Division

[MCM/R3]
Regional Division 3
Europe Regional Division

[MCM/R3]
Europe, Middle East and North Africa

EMENA
European Agricultural Guidance and Guarantee Fund

[EC]
EAGGF
European Anti-Fraud Office

OLAF
European Association of Development Research and Training
Institutes
EADI
European Atomic Energy Community
EURATOM
European bailout fund
European Bank Coordination Initiative

Vienna Initiative
Initiative for Coordination of European Banks
European Bank for Reconstruction and Development
EBRD
Page330
English
Arabic
European Banking Authority
EBA
European Central Bank
ECB
European Coal and Steel Community
ECSC
European Committee for Economic and Social Progress
CEPES
European Committee for Standardisation
CEN
European common margins arrangement
European Communities
EC
European Confederation of Agriculture
CEA
European Convention on International Commercial Arbitration
[ECE/UNCITRAL]
European Convention on the Suppression of Terrorism
European Council
[EU]
Page331
English
Arabic
European countries
European Court of Auditors
[EU]
European currency unit
ECU
European Department
[IMF]
EUR
European Development Fund
EDF
European Division
[INS/EU]
European Division/Area
EUR
European Economic Area

EEA
European Economic Space
European Economic Community
EEC
European Environment Agency
EEA
Page332
English
Arabic
European Financial Stability Facility
EFSF
European Financial Stabilization Mechanism
EFSM
European Free Trade Area
European Free Trade Association
EFTA
European I Department
(1)
[IMF]
EU1
European II Department
()
EU2
European index of consumer prices
EICP
European Institute of Business Administration
European Investment Bank
EIB
European Investment Fund
EIF
European Monetary Cooperation Fund
EMCF
Page333
English
Arabic
European Monetary Institute

EMI
European Monetary System

EMS
European Monetary Union

EMU
European Monetary Unit of Account

EMUA
European Mortgage Federation
European narrow margins arrangement

snake in the tunnel
snake system
currency snake system
multicurrency intervention system
European Neighbourhood Instrument

ENI
European Neighbourhood Policy

ENP
European Network on Debt and Development

EURODAD
European Organization of Supreme Audit Institutions
( )
EUROSAI
Page334
English
Arabic
European Parliament
European Payments Union
EPU
European periphery
European Regional Development Fund
[EC]
ERDF
European Semester
European Social Fund
[EC]
ESF
European Stability Mechanism
ESM
European Stabilization Mechanism
ESM
European System of Central Banks
[EU]
ESCB
Eurofed
European System of Financial Supervisors
ESFS
Page335
English
Arabic
European System of Integrated Economic Accounts
ESA
European System of Integrated Social Protection Statistics
ESSPROS
European System of National and Regional Accounts
European Union Unit
European Union
EU
European Unit of Account
EUA
European-style option
[securities market]
European option
eurosclerosis
euro sclerosis
Eurosystem
Euroyen
Evaluation Committee

EVC
Page336
English
Arabic
Evaluation Group
evaluation mission
[IMF]
even par swap
evenhandedness
evenhandedness of surveillance
event history analysis
[statistics]
event of default
[London Club]
event risk
event study
event
[GFSM; SNA93]
evergreening of loans
[banking]
evergreening of bad accounts
Everything But Arms Initiative
EBA
Page337
English
Arabic
Evian approach
Evian terms
ex ante
ex ante forecast
ex ante provisioning
dynamic provisioning
ex ante real interest rate
ex dividend
ex gratia payment of compensation
[GFSM 2001]
ex post assessment of Fund-supported programs
Ex Post Assessment
EPA
ex post evaluation
[IMF]
EPE
ex post forecast
Page338
English
Arabic
ex quay
EXQ
ex ship
EXS
exact test
exceptional circumstances clause

[IMF, access limit]
exceptional financing
[BPM5; BPM6]
excess (plant) capacity
excess capital formation

excess capital accumulation
excess demand
excess employment
excess holding ratio
[SDR]
excess profit
economic profit
supranormal profit
Page339
English
Arabic
excess purchasing power
excess reserves
excess tax burden

excess burden
deadweight loss
efficiency loss
excessive deficit procedure

[EU]
exchange allocation
exchange arrangement
exchange rate arrangement
exchange rate regime
exchange system
exchange arrangements with no separate legal tender
exchange contract
exchange control
exchange restriction
Exchange Equalization Account
[GBR]
EEA
Page340
English
Arabic
Exchange Fund
[Hong Kong]
exchange house
exchange bureau
exchange profits
[GFSM; GFSY]
exchange rate anchor

[IMF monetary policy framework classification system, 2006]
exchange rate appreciation
exchange rate differential
exchange rate future
Exchange Rate Issues Division
[RES/ER]
exchange rate management
Exchange Rate Mechanism II
ERM II
Exchange Rate Mechanism

[EMS]
ERM
Exchange Rate Mechanism I
ERM I
Page341
English
Arabic
exchange rate misalignment
exchange rate overshooting
exchange rate pass-through
ERPT
exchange rate policy

exchange policy
foreign exchange policy
exchange rate realignment

currency realignment
exchange rate spread
exchange rate targeting

exchange rate targeting strategy
exchange rate
rate of exchange
exchange rates within crawling bands
Exchange Regime and Debt and Reserve Management Division
Exchange Regime and Market Operations Division
Page342
English
Arabic
exchange reserves
foreign exchange reserves
exchange risk
exchange risk insurance

foreign exchange insurance
exchange insurance
exchange stability
exchange valuation adjustment
exchange value
exchange
foreign currency
foreign exchange
forex
exchange-rate based disinflation strategy
exchange-traded fund
ETF
tracker
excise tax
excise
Page343
English
Arabic
excludability
exclusion
exclude
[AA, purchases]
excluded debt
[London Club]
excluded holdings
[IMF]
exclusive economic zone

EEZ
ex-combatants reintegration
[WB]
excursionists
[BPM5]
executing agency
Executing Agency Agreement
[UNDP]
execution management
Page344
English
Arabic
Executive Board Administrative Matters
[IMF document series; EBAM/...]

EBAM
Executive Board Administrative Paper
[IMF document series; EBAP/...]

EBAP
Executive Board and Member Services Section
[SEC/AI/BM]
EBMS
Executive Board Document
[IMF document series; EBD/...]

EBD
Executive Board Minutes
[IMF document series; EBM/...]

EBM
Executive Board Proceedings Division
EBDP
Executive Board Room
[IMF-SEC]
Board Room
Executive Board Seminar
Executive Board Services Section
Page345
English
Arabic
Executive Board Special

[IMF document series; EBS/...]
EBS
Executive Board
[IMF]
Board
Executive Dining Room

[IMF]
Executive Director
[IMF-OED]
ED
Executive Director, Alternate

[IMF-OED]
Executive information system
Executive Secretary
[IMF-IBRD, Development Committee]
executive session
executive summary
Executives' Meeting of East Asia-Pacific Central Banks
EMEAP
Page346
English
Arabic
exercise an option
[noncommercial]
exercise date
exercise of a financial derivative
exercise price
[options]
striking price
strike price
contract price
exhaustible resource
exhaustion of foreign assets
exhibits
[BPM5]
exit agreement
exit bank
Page347
English
Arabic
exit bond
exit instrument
exit consent
exit from monetary and fiscal stimulus
exit meeting
[auditing]
exit policy
exit rescheduling
[Paris Club]
exit strategy
[exchange rate pegging]
exogenous factor
exogenous growth model
exogenous shock
Exogenous Shocks Facility

ESF
shocks facility
Page348
English
Arabic
exogenous variable
exotic security
expanded cofinancing operation (program)
)(
[IBRD]
ECO
ECO Program
expanded value added tax
[PHL]
E-VAT
expansion
expansionary impulse
expansionary policy
expectation date
[IMF repurchases]
expectation gap
[accounting]
expectation
[SNA93]
expectational variable
expectations-augmented Phillips curve
Page349
English
Arabic
expected economic lifetime

expected economic life
expected rate
expected recovery given default

ERGD
expected utility
EU
expected value
[statistics]
EV
mathematical expectation
expected yield
[projects, fixed investments]
expenditure
expenditure and lending minus repayments by economic type
expenditure approach
expenditure arrears
expenditure assignment
( )
Page350
English
Arabic
expenditure authorization
expenditure by function
[GFS 1986]
expenditure class
expenditure commitment
commitment
expenditure cut
expenditure item
[GFS 1986]
expense item
[GFSM 2001]
expenditure pattern
[CPI]
Expenditure Policy Division
[FAD/EP]
expenditure tax
[GFS 1986]
expenditure validation
validation
Page351
English
Arabic
expenditure verification
verification
expenditure-changing policy
expenditure-reducing policy
expenditure-restraining measures
expenditure-switching policy
switching policy
expense
expenditure
expensing
immediate expensing
immediate write-off
experimental design
experimental economics
Expert Group on Export Credit
[UNCTAD]
Expert Group on International Classifications
[UN]
Page352
English
Arabic
Expert Group on International Flows and Balances

[IMF]
Expert Group on International Monetary Issues

[UNCTAD]
Expert Group on Multilateral Payments Arrangements
[UNCTAD]
Expert Group on the Statistical Implications of Recent Major

United Nations Conferences
[UN]
expiration date
[BPM5]
explanatory power
[economic models]
explanatory variable
[economic models]
explicit debt
exploration of natural resources
[BOP]
exploration right
exponent
Page353
English
Arabic
exponential distribution
exponential function
export capacity
export compensation scheme
export credit
export credit agency

ECA
export crop farmer
export duty
export tax
export earnings
export proceeds
export receipts
export monopoly
export performance
Page354
English
Arabic
export processing zone

EPZ
industrial free trade zone
industrial free trade area
export promotion
export retention scheme

foreign exchange retention scheme
foreign exchange retention
export shortfall
Export Stabilization Fund
[MDG]
export surplus
export unit value index
exporters of manufactures
exporters of primary products
exporters of services and recipients of private transfers
Export-Import Bank of the United States
( )
[USA]
EXIMBANK
Page355
English
Arabic
exporting industry
export-led recovery
exports subsidies
[SNA93]
Ex-Post Assessment Staff Report
ex-post
[economics]
exposure
exposure at default
[debt]
EAD
exposure draft
[standard-setting]
ED
express trust
expropriation
[1993 - ]

extendable bond
Page356
English
Arabic
extended arrangement charge
[IMF]
Extended Arrangement
[IMF]
EA
extended burden sharing

[IMF]
extension of burden sharing
Extended Credit Facility
ECF
Extended Fund Facility

[IMF]
EFF
Extended Financing Facility
[Sometimes used synonymously with Extended Fund Facility
(which is the main official version)]
Extended Facility
extension flat fee
extension of expectations
[IMF]
extension of repurchase expectations
extension of a repurchase expectation
extension of period
extension of Toronto terms
Page357
English
Arabic
extensive growth
[WEO]
external account
[BPM5]
External Accounts Unit

[FIN/AX/AP/EA]
external adjustment
( )
external asset (assets owned abroad by residents)

foreign asset
( )
external asset (assets owned by nonresidents)

foreign asset
external audit
External Audit Committee

[IMF]
external audit firm
external audit mechanism, legal structure and independence of

the central bank, financial reporting practices, internal audit
mechanism, and the system of internal controls
[IMF, safeguards assessments]

ELRIC
Page358
English
Arabic
external auditor
external balance
[BPM5]
external bond
external claim
foreign claim
external contingency element

[CCFF]
contingency element
[CCFF]
external current account balance
external debt ratio
External Debt Statistics: Guide for Compilers and Users
Debt Guide
external debt
foreign debt
external disturbance
Page359
English
Arabic
external financial assets

[SNA93]
external financing
[SNA93]
external imbalance
external policies
[IMF]
external position
external public debt outstanding
External Relations Department

[IMF]
EXR
External Relations Officer

[IMF-EXR]
EXR Officer
external resource envelope
External Review Committee (on World Bank-IMF Collaboration)
( )
Page360
English
Arabic
external sector
foreign sector
external sustainability
External Sustainability Report
Sustainability Report
External Training Division
external variable
external viability
External Website Section
[EXR/AI/EW]
externality
extrabudgetary account
extrabudgetary fund
EBF
extrabudgetary units
[GFS 1986]

[1989 - ]
extrabudgetary entities
Page361
English
Arabic
Extractive Industries Review
EIR
Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative
EITI
extrapolation
extrapolative expectation
extraterritorial body
[BPM5]
extreme value theory
EVT
ex-works
ex-works price
EXW price
ex factory price
factory (gate) price
f.a.s. valuation
( )
f.o.b. valuation
( )
[BPM5]
FABLES
Page362
English
Arabic
face mask
face saving proposal
facilitator
[meetings]
Facilities Chapeau paper
Facilities Design and Renovation Section
Facilities Management Division
[TGS/DF]
Facilities Operations and Security Section
Facilities Renovation Unit
Facilities, Planning, and Development Section
[TGS/DF/FP]
faonnage (production)
[Turkey]
preliminary processing
initial processing
fact sheet
[IMF-EXR]
fact-finding mission
[IMF]
Page363
Arabic
English
factor analysis
factor cost, at
factor endowment
factor income from abroad
factor income share

factor share
factor income
][SNA93
factor inputs
factor intensity
factor loading
factor market
Page364
factor mobility
factor payments
factor services
English
Arabic
factor substitution
factorial
factorial moment
factorial moments generating function
factoring company
factoring
[finance]
factor-price distortion
factor-price-equalization theorem
factor-push method
fail to fulfill, to
[AA]
failed institution
failed settlement
failed transaction
Page365
English
Arabic
failure
[AA]
fair competition
[1993-]
fair price
fair trade
fair value
fair market value

market value
sale value
fair market price
fairness and evenhandedness
fair-value accounting
FVA
faith-based organization
[USA]
fall-back method
[Customs]
Family Consultation and Referral Service
[IMF]
family living expenses
Page366
English
Arabic
family planning
fan chart
[econometrics]
farm gate price
fast-track approach
[New African Initiative]
fatality rate
FATF-Style Regional Bodies

[FSSA]
FSRBs
fear of floating
[central banking]
feasibility study
federal banking agency
[USA]
federal charter
[USA]
federal debt ceiling
Page367
English
Arabic
Federal Deposit Insurance Act
FDI Act
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
[USA]
FDIC
federal funds interest rate

federal funds rate
[USA]
federal funds market

[USA]
federal funds
[USA]
Federal Home Loan Bank Act
[USA]
Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation Act
[USA]
Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation
FHLMC
Freddie Mac
Federal Housing Finance Agency
FHFA
Page368
English
Arabic
Federal National Mortgage Association

[USA]
FNMA
Fannie Mae
federal property manager
[USA]
Federal Reserve Bank
[USA]
Federal Reserve float
[USA]
Federal Reserve Open Market Committee

FOMC
Federal Open Market Committee

[USA]
Open Market Committee
Federal Reserve System

[USA]
Federal Reserve
Fed
Federation of Arab Scientific Research Councils
FASRC
fedline
[USA]
Fedwire
Page369
English
Arabic
feedback (process)
feedback rule
feedback variable
feedback
[communications]
feedstock
feedstuffs
felicity function
instantaneous utility function
Female Secondary School Assistance Project
[Bangladesh]
FSSAP
fertility rate
fiat money
fiduciary money
fiat currency
central bank money
Page370
English
Arabic
fiduciary agent
fiduciary
[SNA93]
fiduciary assessment framework
[IMF]
fiduciary assessment
[World Bank]
assessment of fiduciary systems
fiduciary capitalism
field audit
on-site supervision
on-site inspection
Field Security Office
[IMF-TGS/DA]
FSO
Field Security Section
[TGS/SE/FS]
file a tax return
filter based on contribution to global growth
final consumption
Page371
English
Arabic
final maturity date

legal maturity date
final transfer
Finance & Development Division
Finance & Development
[IMF]
F&D
finance company
finance house
[GBR]
Finance Department
[IMF; MFSM]
FIN
Finance, Private Sector and Infrastructure Network
[IBRD]
FPSI
financial abuse
financial accelerator
financial account
Page372
English
Arabic
Financial Accounting Standards Board

[USA]
FASB
Financial Action Task Force of South America Against Money

Laundering
GAFISUD
Financial Action Task Force on Money Laundering

FATF
Financial Action Task Force
Financial Administrative Control and Tracking System

[IMF]
FACTS
Financial and Administrative Systems Division

[TGS/IF]
financial and capital transactions
financial and regulatory arbitrage
financial asset
financial asset boundary
financial assets and liabilities account
Financial Assets at Fair Value through Profit and Loss
Page373
English
Arabic
financial broadening
broadening of the financial market
broadening of the capital market
financial capital
financial center
financial channels
financial covenant
financial crowding out
financial deepening
deepening of the financial market
deepening of the capital market
financial depth
Financial Derivatives: A Supplement to the Fifth Edition (1993) of
( ) :
the Balance of Payments Manual
financial discipline
financial disclosure
financial distress
Page374
English
Arabic
financial dollarization
financial economy
Financial Flows and Stocks Task Force
FFSTF
Balance of Payments Financial Flows and Stocks Task Force
financial future
financial futures market

financial futures exchange
Financial Infrastructure Division
financial innovation
Financial Institutions and Markets Division
Financial Institutions Division I, II
()( )
[STA/F1, F2]
financial institutions sector
[GFS 1986]
financial instrument
financial integration
Page375
English
Arabic
Financial Integrity Group
[IMF-LEG]
financial intelligence
financial intelligence unit
[money laundering]
FIU
financial intermediation
financial intermediation services indirectly measured
FISIM
financial items
[BPM5]
financial leasing company
financial leasing
leasing
financial lease
finance lease
leasing arrangement
financial liabilities
financial liberalization
Page376
English
Arabic
financial loan
financial credit
financial market
Financial Market Integrity Division
Financial Market Review Group
Financial Market Stability Division
financial market turbulence

financial turbulence
financial markets turmoil
Financial Markets Update
[IMF-MCM]
financial net worth

net financial worth
financial openness
Financial Operations and Reporting Division
[FIN/FR]
Financial Organization and Operations of the IMF
[IMF]
Page377
English
Arabic
Financial Oversight Division
[IMF-<a href=mcTermLink|1cbc5a56-012e-41a9-bd21f6838c8bd02a|fc6857ca-abcd-4474-be0f-ba8f560d8b10
class=FieldValue>MCM</a>]
financial panic
financial paper
[BOP]
Financial Planning and Operations Division
financial pooling arrangement

financial pooling
financial position
financial condition
financial product
Financial Programming and Policies
[IMF-INS]
financial records
financial reinsurance
Financial Relations Division
Page378
English
Arabic
financial reporting
financial repression
financial restriction
financial risk
financial safety net
financial sector
Financial Sector Action Committee
[Indonesia]
Financial Sector Analysis Division
[IMF-<a href=mcTermLink|1cbc5a56-012e-41a9-bd21f6838c8bd02a|fc6857ca-abcd-4474-be0f-ba8f560d8b10
class=FieldValue>MCM</a>]
FA
Financial Sector Assessment Program
[IMF-WB]
FSAP
financial sector consolidation
financial sector downsizing
Page379
English
Arabic
Financial Sector Policy Division
[MCM/FP]
Financial Sector Reform and Strengthening Initiative
( )
FIRST Initiative
FIRST
Financial Sector Review Group
[IMF]
Financial Sector Stability Assessment
[IMF-WB]
FSSA
Financial Services Action Plan

[EU]
FSAP
EU Financial Services Action Plan
Financial Services Oversight Council
[USA]
FSOC
financial shield
financial armor plating
loan package
shield package
blindaje
financial shock
financial soundness
Page380
English
Arabic
financial soundness indicator
[FSIG]
FSI
Financial Soundness Indicators: Compilation Guide
[IMF]
FSIG
Financial Stability Board
FSB
financial stability contribution
Financial Stability Forum
[G-7]
FSF
Financial Stability Line
FSL
Financial Stability Oversight Board
[USA]
Financial Stability Oversight Council
FSOC
financial statement
financial stress
Financial Stress Index
Page381
English
Arabic
financial structure
Financial Studies Division
Financial Supervision and Crisis Management Wing
FSC
Financial Supervision and Regulation Division
Financial Support Fund
[OECD]
Financial Surveillance Division
Financial Surveillance Policy Division
financial survey
[IMF]
Financial System Stability Assessment
[IMF]
FSSA
Financial System Surveillance Division
Financial System Surveillance Division I, II
Financial Systems and Banking Division
Financial Systems Surveillance Division I, II, III
() ( )
()( )( )
Page382
English
Arabic
Financial Systems Surveillance Wing
FSS
financial transactions plan

[IMF]
transactions plan
financial underpinning
financial viability
financial year of the Fund

[1997 -]
financialization of savings
financially integrated commodity exporters
FICE
financing abroad
[GFSY]
financing assurances
[IMF]
financial assurances
financing by type of debt holder

[GFSY]
Page383
English
Arabic
financing by type of debt instrument
[GFSY]
financing facility
credit facility
facility
[IMF]
financing gap
[BPM5]
financing of terrorism
FT
financing package
financial package
financing requirements
financing
[GFSY; GFSM; SNA93]
fine gold
fine tuning
fineness of gold
fines and forfeits
[GFSY]
Page384
English
Arabic
fines, penalties, and forfeits
[GFSM 2001]
finished good
finite difference
finite population
fire sale
fire sale liquidation
forced liquidation
fire-sale price
firewall
[finance]
chinese wall
firm bid
firm offer
first credit tranche conditionality
[IMF]
Page385
English
Arabic
first credit tranche purchase
[IMF]
First Deputy Managing Director
[IMF-OMD]
FDMD
first in, first out
FIFO
first in, last out
[accounting]
FILO
first mover problem
first order condition
first refusal, right of
first sale
first stage
[HIPC Initiative]
first-order effect
first-round effect
first-tier bank
Page386
English
Arabic
fiscal adjustment
fiscal consolidation
fiscal containment
fiscal retrenchment
fiscal tightening
budget consolidation
budgetary consolidation
Fiscal Affairs Department
[IMF]
FAD
fiscal agency
[IMF]
Fiscal Analysis Division
fiscal audit
fiscal austerity
fiscal balance

/

/

/
budgetary balance
budget surplus/deficit
fiscal budget
fiscal buffer
Page387
Arabic
English
fiscal burden
][GFSM 2001
fiscal capacity
fiscal cliff
Fiscal Council
FC
fiscal deficit
fiscal depreciation
tax depreciation
fiscal devaluation
fiscal discipline
fiscal restraint
fiscal dominance
fiscal drag
Page388
Arabic
English
fiscal effort
tax effort
fiscal envelope
fiscal equilibrium
fiscal balance
fiscal federalism
fiscal gap
fiscal governance
fiscal illusion
fiscal imbalance
fiscal import duty

][Togo
fiscal impulse
fiscal stimulus
fiscal institution
budgetary institution
budget institution
Page389
English
Arabic
Fiscal Library
[FAD/AI/FL]
fiscal management
fiscal monopoly
revenue-producing monopoly
[EC]
Fiscal Operations Division 1, 2, 3
()( )( )
[FAD/F1, F2, F3]

FOD1, FOD2, FOD3
fiscal panel
[IMF-FAD]
fiscal performance
fiscal planning
fiscal policy
Fiscal Policy and Surveillance Division
[FAD/FP]
fiscal policy discretion
Page390
Arabic
English
fiscal position
fiscal prospects
fiscal regime
Fiscal Responsibility Law

FRL
fiscal responsibility
fiscal accountability
Page391
fiscal revenue
fiscal rule
fiscal skeleton
skeleton
fiscal space
fiscal stabilization
fiscal stance
Arabic
English
fiscal stimulus package
fiscal strategy
fiscal strategy brief

FSB
fiscal stress
Fiscal Structural Reform Act

][Japan
Fiscal Surveillance and Transparency Division
fiscal sustainability
fiscal tariff
][customs
revenue tariff
fiscal transparency
Page392
Fiscal Transparency Modules of Reports on the Observance of

Standards and Codes
Fiscal ROSC
English
Arabic
Fiscal Transparency Unit
[FAD/AI/FT]
FTU
fiscal withdrawal
fiscal year
financial year
FY
Fisher distribution
F-distribution
Fisher's ideal index
[statistics]
fit a trend
[econometrics]
fit and proper

[bank resolution]

((
fit
[statistics]
fitted line
fitted value
predicted value
Page393
English
Arabic
five systemic economies
S5
Systemic 5
fixed capital consumption
consumption of fixed capital

CFC
fixed capital formation
[SNA93]
fixed cost
fixed exchange rate parity
fixed par value

fixed parity
fixed rate parity
fixed exchange rate regime
fixed expenditure
fixed price
fixed-weight price index
fixing
flag of convenience
FOC
Page394
English
Arabic
flag of registration
[BPM5]
flash estimate
flat rate
flat-loading
[IMF]
Flexible Credit Line
FCL
flexible exchange rate
flexible rate of exchange
flexible price
flexprice
flexible value date
[IMF]
flexicurity
flexicurity model
[European Union]
flight to quality
flight into quality
Page395
English
Arabic
float
[banking]
floating completion point
[HIPC Initiative]
floating currency
floating debt
[GFS 1986; SNA93]
floating decimal point
floating point
floating exchange rate
floating rate
floating facility
( )
[IMF]
floating rate bond
floating rate loan
floating rate note
floating tranche
[IBRD-CDF; HIPC]
floor broker
Page396
English
Arabic
floor option
floor
floor trader
local
floor
[interest rate]
flotation
flotation cost
flow
flow data
transactions data
flow of funds table

[SNA93]
flow of funds
[SNA93]
flow rescheduling

Compilers and Users, 1993; HIPC Initiative]
flow variable
Page397
English
Arabic
flows and positions
[FSIG]
fluctuation about the trend
fluctuation band
[exchange rates]
fluctuation margin
band
exchange rate corridor
currency band
fluctuations about the peg
fluid market
following market
follow-up mission
[IMF]
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
( )
FAO
Food and Drug Administration
[USA]
FDA
food crop
Page398
English
Arabic
food security
Food Services Unit
[TGS/DF/FO/FS]
food-for-work program
foot and mouth disease
hoof and mouth disease
For Immediate Release
for official use only
[Development Committee papers]
for restricted use only (not for use by third parties)
( )
forbearance agreement
forbearance
loan forbearance
force majeure
forced saving
forecast
Page399
English
Arabic
foreclosure
foreclosure forbearance
foreclosure mitigation
foreign bond
foreign borrowing
foreign capital
foreign currency option

currency option
conversion privilege
foreign currency translation
FCT
foreign exchange translation
foreign currency-linked equity securities


currency derivatives
foreign direct investment
FDI
direct foreign investment
DFI
Page400
English
Arabic
Foreign Exchange and Financial Markets
[IMF document series; FEFM/...]

FEFM
foreign exchange assets
[BPM5]
foreign exchange auction
foreign exchange cost
exchange cost
foreign exchange dealer

foreign exchange trading officer
trading officer
foreign exchange trader
foreign exchange equalization fund

exchange stabilization fund
[GMBS]
currency stabilization fund
CSF
foreign exchange exposure of banking systems
foreign exchange exposure

[FSIG]
currency exposure
Page401
English
Arabic
foreign exchange market

exchange market
foreign exchange position
foreign exchange rationing
foreign exchange record

exchange record
foreign exchange speculation
foreign exchange surrender requirement

surrender requirement
foreign exchange swap
[GFSM]
foreign exchange taxes
exchange taxes
foreign exchange transaction
foreign financial assets

[BPM5; GFSM]
foreign general government
[BOP]
Page402
English
Arabic
Foreign Investment Advisory Services
[IFC-MIGA]
FIAS
foreign issue
[securities]
foreign liabilities
foreign official sector
[BPM5]
foreign portfolio investment
FPI
foreign reserve position
foreign securities
[BOP]
foreign sources of financing
[BOP]
foreign tax credit
foreign trade multiplier
Page403
English
Arabic
foreign trade
[SNA93]
trade
[SNA93]
international trade
cross-border trade
foreign-held balances
foreign-owned corporation
forensic accounting
forestry
[GFSM]
forfaiting
[export credits]
forfeit
forfeiture
confiscation
forged check
forgone revenue
forgone income
forgone earnings
Page404
English
Arabic
form of payment of the subscription

[BL]
Formal Board Seminar
formal consultation
[IMF]
regular consultation
formal ineligibility

[1997 -]
( )
[IMF]
formal sector
formal vote
formally convertible currency

[1997 -]
[IMF]
former Soviet republic

FSR
former Soviet Union
FSU
formula-based grant
[public finance]
formula grant
Page405
English
forty plus eight recommendations
40 and 8 Recommendations
Arabic
FATF 408
FATF 408 recommendations
Forty Recommendations
[FATF]
FATF 40
forty FATF Recommendations
40 Recommendations to Combat Money-Laundering
FATF 40 Recommendations
forward commitment capacity
[IMF, liquidity]
FCC
forward cover
cover
forward curve
forward discount
forward exchange transaction
forward financial derivative contract

forward contract
forward-type contract
forward
forward foreign exchange contract
Page406
English
Arabic
forward guidance
forward linkage
forward looking
forward looking expectations
forward market
forward operation
forward premium
premium
forward rate agreement

FRA
future rate agreement
[BIS]
forward shifting
Fourth Pillar Consultations with the Fund on Reform of IMF

Governance
Fourth Pillar Consultations with civil society on IMF Governance
Reform
Fourth Pillar consultations
Page407
English
Arabic
Fourth World
Fourth World Conference on Women: Action for Equality,

Development and Peace
fractional reserve banking system
fragile state
framework
Framework Administered Account for Technical Assistance

Activities
[IMF]
framework agreement
Framework Convention on Biological Diversity

[GEF]
FCBD
framework for financial sector stability
Framework for Strong, Sustainable and Balanced Growth
[G-20]
franchise value
franchise
[retailing]
Page408
English
Arabic
franchisee
franchiser
franchising
Francophone/Lusophone Africa Division/Area
AFR2
Frankfurt interbank offered rate
FIBOR
free alongside quay
f.a.q.
free alongside ship
( )
f.a.s.
free competition
free enterprise economy
free enterprise system
free entry (into a market)
free fall regime
free float
( )
clean float
Page409
English
Arabic
free good
[economics]
free market price
[BPM5]
free market pricing
free on board
( )
f.o.b.
free reserves
free rider
free rider bank

[London Club]
free rider
free trade area
Free Trade Area of the Americas
FTAA
Page410
English
Arabic
free trade zone

free zone
free port
free warehouse
foreign trade zone
free trade
open trade
liberal trade
free vector
freedom of capital movements

free movement of capital
freehand fit
[statistics]
freely usable currency

[IMF]
free-riding
freezing
freight and insurance on merchandise
[BOP]
French Development Agency
[[FRA]]
AFD
Page411
English
Arabic
French Division
French international financial futures market
[FRA]
MATIF
French Section
[TGS]
French Technical Assistance Subaccount
[IMF]
frequency and timeliness
[BPM5]
frequency distribution
[statistics]
frequency
[data]
frictional unemployment
transitional unemployment
search unemployment
frictionless market
frictions
friendly takeover
Page412
English
Arabic
fringe benefits
employee benefits
front line country
front line, the

front-line services
front office
Front Office
( )
[IMF]
front-end fee
frontier market
( )
[IFC]
frontier technology
leading technology
leading edge technology
cutting edge technology
front-loaded interest reduction bond

FLIRB
front-loaded spending
Page413
English
Arabic
front-loading
[IMF]

( )
front-end loading
fuel economy
fuel efficiency
fuel exporters
fuel switching
fulfill an obligation
[IMF]
full asset settlement
full capacity level
full cost pass-through
full currency convertibility
full dollarization
official dollarization
full employment
Page414
English
Arabic
full employment balance
full employment budget surplus
full employment multiplier
full faith and credit
full faith and credit clause
full information maximum likelihood procedure

[econometrics]
FIML procedure
full liquidity rule
full-fledged Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper
full-fledged PRSP
full PRSP
full-recourse loan
full-time employment
full-time worker
Page415
English
Arabic
fully funded pension plan

[corporations]
funded pension plan
fully funded system
funded system
fully funded plan
[corporations]
fully invested
functional and special services departments
[IMF]
functional classification of expense
functional classification of expenditure
functional model
functional relationship
Fund communications strategy
Fund for Cooperation, Compensation and Development

ECOWAS Fund
Fund liquidity
fund of funds
FOF
Page416
English
Arabic
Fund Office in the United Nations

[IMF]
UN
Fund policy for involvement in post-conflict countries
[IMF]
Fund quota
IMF quota
membership quota
quota in the Fund
[IFS; SNA93]
quota
Fund staff
[IMF]
staff
fundamental disequilibrium
fundamental equilibrium exchange rate
FEER
fundamental principles of official statistsics
fundamentally misaligned
Fund-Bank mission
Page417
English
Arabic
funded debt
long-term liability
non-current liability
long-term debt
Funding for Lending Scheme

/
/

FLS
funding gap
funding market
funding mismatch
funding of deferred charges
[IMF]
funding
[finance]
fundraising
Fund-related accounts
Fund-related assets
funds transfer system
FTS
Page418
English
Arabic
Fund-supported program
fungibility
fungible
fungible securities
fungible Treasury bill
fungible Treasury bond
futures commission merchant

FCM
futures contract
future
futures option
G20 Business Summit

Business Summit
G-20 Financial Inclusion Experts Group
FIEG
G20 Indicative Guidelines for Assessing Persistently Large

Imbalances
Indicative Guidelines
Page419
English
Arabic
G-20 Mutual Assessment Process

G-20 MAP
MAP
G-20 SME Finance Challenge
g7 group of countries experiencing conflict and fragility
Group of Seven Plus

g7
G8 Debt Cancellation Proposal

G8 Debt Proposal
G8 debt initiative
gain traction
gainful employment
gallery forest
game theoretic
game theory
gamma distribution
gap analysis
[FSIG]
Page420
Arabic
English
gap financing
bridge financing
bridge loan
bridging credit
swing loan
swing line
gap risk
mismatch risk
repricing risk
interest rate refixing risk
refixing risk
gapping
Gatekeeper Initiative
][AML/CFT
gatekeepers
Gauss-Markov theorem
GDDS Bulletin Board

][IMF
GDP blend
Page421
GDP blend booster
Arabic
English
GDP-indexed bond
GDP-only formula
geared managed fund

geared fund
geared unit trust
gender asymmetry
gender awareness
Page422
gender equality
gender issues
gender mainstreaming
gender statistics
gender wage gap
gender-based pay inequality
gender-neutral attitude
gender blindness
gender-specific terminology
English
Arabic
General Accounting Office
[USA]
GAO
General Administrative Order
[IMF]
GAO
General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
( )
GATT
General Agreement on Trade in Services
( )
[WTO]
GATS
General Arrangements to Borrow
[IMF]
GAB
General Assembly
General Capital Increase
[IBRD]
GCI
General Committee for Agricultural Co-Operation in the EU
[EU]
COGECA
General Conference
[UNESCO]
Page423
English
Arabic
General Council
[ECB]
General Counsel (Legislation), Assistant
General Counsel
( )
[IMF-LEG]
General Counsel, Assistant
[IMF-LEG]
General Counsel, Deputy
[IMF-LEG]
General Data Dissemination Standard
[IMF]
GDDS
general standard
General Data Dissemination System Unit
[STA/AI/GD]
GDDS Unit
General Data Dissemination System
[IMF-EBB]
GDDS
General Department
[IMF]
General Economy Division
Page424
English
Arabic
general equilibrium
general equilibrium theory
general exchange arrangements

[IMF]
general government sector

general government
general increase in quotas

equiproportional increase in quotas
General Industrial Classification of Economic Activities within the
European Communities
general ledger
[accounting]
ledger
General Manager
[BIS]
general obligation bond
GO bond
general partner
[limited partnership; ordinary partnership]

managing partner
general price level accounting
Page425
English
Arabic
general production equilibrium
general public services
[GFSM; GFSY]
general reserve
[AA]
General Resources Account
[IMF]
GRA
General Resources Account-supported program
GRA-supported program
General Resources and SDR Policy Division
[PDR/GR]
general resources
( )
[IMF]
General Review of Quotas

[IMF]
five-year review of quotas

quinquennial review of quotas
[IMF]
general sales tax
GST
general SDR allocation

general allocation of SDRs
Page426
English
Arabic
General Services Division

[TGS/DG]
General Trust Fund

[UNIDO]
generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity model
GARCH Model
generalized floating
generalized inverse
[mathematics]
generalized method of moments

GMM
Generalized System of Preferences

[WTO]
GSP
generally accepted accounting principles

GAAP
generally accepted auditing standards

GAAS
Generally Accepted Principles and Practices for Sovereign Wealth
Funds
GAPP
Santiago principles
Page427
English
Arabic
generation of savings
generational accounting
generic data quality assessment framework

[IMF-GDDS]
generic assessment framework

generic framework
genetically modified food
Frankenfood
genetically modified organism
GMO
Geneva Office
[IMF-EUR]
EUO/GE
Gensaki market
)(
[Japan]
Genuine Progress Indicator
GPI
geographic analysis
geographic territory
[BOP]
Page428
English
Arabic
geometric mean
geometric average
[CPI]
geometric probability
geometric progression
Germany, United Kingdom, Netherlands
GUN
gestation period
Geuro
ghost worker
gift tax
gifts
Gilt fund
gilt-edged market maker
[UK]
GEMM
Page429
English
Arabic
Gini coefficient
Gini inequality index
coefficient of concentration
Gini index
giro postal order
Giro system postal

[GMBS]
Giro system
post giro
GKO-OFZ
gliding parity
sliding parity
Global Advisory Committee

GAC
Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunization

GAVI
Global Assistance Coordination Database

[IBRD]
Anti-Money Laundering/Combating the Financing of Terrorism

Global Assistance Coordination Database
global balance of payments
global bond
Page430
English
Arabic
global burden of disease
GBD
Global Call to Action Against Poverty
GCAP
Global Coalition for Africa
GCA
Global Committee for Argentine Bondholders
GCAB
global commons
Global Compact
global consolidation
[MPI]
global cooling
Global Corporate Governance Forum
[OECD; WB]
GCGF
global credit spreads
global current account balance
Page431
English
Arabic
global depository receipt
GDR
Global Development Finance
[World Bank]
Global Development Gateway
[IBRD]
GDG
Global Development Learning Network
[WB]
GDLN
Global Development Network
GDN
global divide
global economic and financial outlook
Global Economy Model
[IMF]
GEM
Global Environment Facility Trust Fund
[IBRD-UNEP-UNDP]
Global Environment Facility
[IBRD-UNEP-UNDP]
GEF
Page432
English
Arabic
Global Environment Monitoring System
GEMS
Global Environment Trust Fund
[World Bank]
GET
Global Financial Analysis Division
GFSR
Global Financial Stability Division
[MCM/GS]
Global Financial Stability Report
[IMF-MCM]
GFSR
Global Fiscal Model
[IMF]
GFM
Global Food Crisis Response Program
GFRP
Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria
GFATM
global governance
Global HIV/AIDS Unit
[IBRD]
Page433
English
Arabic
global imbalance
global income tax
Global Information and Early Warning System on Food and
Agriculture
[FAO]
GIEWS
Global Information Clearing House
Global Initiative on Fiscal Transparency

GIFT
Global Integrated Monetary and Fiscal Model

GIMF
Global Knowledge 97: Knowledge for Development in the
:97
Information Age
Global Knowledge Partnership
global labor arbitrage
Global Markets Analysis Division
GMAD
Global Markets Monitoring and Analysis Division
[MCM/GA]
Global Markets Unit
Page434
English
Arabic
Global Monitoring Report

[IMF/World Bank]
GMR
global need to supplement reserve assets

[IMF]
Global Network for Banking Innovation in Microfinance
GNBI
Global Organization of Parliamentarians Against Corruption
GOPAC
Global Partnership on Results-Based Aid
[IBRD]
Global Partnerships Division
[IMF-<a href=mcTermLink|6cfcaed7-1197-4602-aa03fd7dd39c403c|c8b62eb3-8adb-4698-aa70-b77950cda500
class=FieldValue>Institute for Capacity Development</a>]
GPD
global payments imbalance approach
Global Policy Agenda
Global Program against Money Laundering
GPML
Global Projection Model
GPM
Page435
English
Arabic
global public good
GPG
Global Stabilization Mechanism
GSM
global statement
[BPM5]
global stewardship
[environment]
global supply chain
global systemically important financial institutions
G-SIFIs
global tax
Global Trade Analysis Project
GTAP
global warming
global
world
[SNA93]
universal
globalization
Page436
English
Arabic
glocalization
GNP deflator
GNP gap
going concern
going price
[BPM5]
gold auction
gold bullion
gold coin
gold exchange standard

gold standard
gold parity
gold plating
gold pledge
[IMF-ESAF]
Page437
English
Arabic
gold subscription
[IMF]
gold swap
gold tranche drawing
[AA]
gold tranche position

[AA]
gold tranche purchase

[AA]
gold tranche
[AA]
gold valuation
[GMBS]
gold-backed
golden rule (of public finance)
golden rule of accumulation

golden rule of capital accumulation

( )
golden rule of growth
golden share
[corporations]
Page438
Arabic
English
Goldilocks fiscal consolidation
gold-pegged currency
good citizenship
Good Faith Criterion

][IMF
good governance
goodness of fit
][statistics
goodness-of-fit test
goods and services

][BPM5; BPM6; SNA93
Page439
goods in bond
][customs
goods market
product market
English
Arabic
goods on consignment
[BPM5]
goods
goods, services, and income
[BPM5]
goodwill
goodwill clause
governance issues
governance of the Fund
IMF governance
[IMF]
governance
[GEF]
governance, accountability, and pluralism
Page440
English
Arabic
Governing Council
government absorption
Government Accountability Office
GAO
government agency
government department
government bodies
government bond
government borrowing
Government Conference Center
[CND]
GCC
government enclaves
[BPM5]
government expenditure
Government Finance Division
[STA/GO]
Page441
English
Arabic
Government Finance Statistics Manual 2001
GFSM 2001
GFSM
Government Finance Statistics Yearbook
[IMF]
GFS Yearbook
GFSY
government finance statistics
[GFS 1986; GFSM]

GFS
Government Finance Statistics, A Manual on
[IMF]
GFS Manual
government finance
[IFS]
Government Financial Management Information System
GFMIS
Government National Mortgage Association

Ginnie Mae
government obligation
government commitment
government operations
[GFS 1986]
Page442
English
Arabic
Government Pension Fund-Global
[NOR]
GPFG
government property
government receipts
government revenue
government sector
government
government security
government paper
government spending ratio

public spending ratio
governmental industrial transaction
[GFS 1986]
government-related entity
GRE
government-sponsored enterprise
[USA]
GSE
government-sponsored entity
Governor of the Fund for [country]

][
[IMF]
Page443
English
Arabic
Governor
[IMF; WB]
Governor, Alternate
[IMF; WB]
Governor, Temporary Alternate
[IMF]
Governors appointed by members
[BL]
grace period
[FSIG]
grade drift
grade creep
gradient
[mathematics]
gradualism
graduate
exit
graduated tax
Page444
Arabic
English
graduation
][World Bank
maturation
][USA Treasury
grand total
grandfathering
Granger causality
grant
grant element of a loan

grant element
]Compilers and Users, 1993
gift element
grant refinancing
][of payments
Page445
grant, as a
grantor
grants from Fund subsidy accounts
English
Arabic
Graphics Section
[TGS/DG/GR]
gravity model
gray area measure

[trade]
grey area measure
GRAY Document
( )
[IMF document series; GRAY/...]
gray market
Great Depression
Great Recession
Greater Arab Free Trade Area
GAFTA
green conditionality
green shoots
greenfield investment
green field investment
Page446
English
Arabic
greenfield
[IBRD]
greenhouse effect
greenhouse gas
greening
greenmail
grexit
gridlock
Grievance Committee
[IMF]
gross accumulation
accumulation
gross asset position in derivatives
[MPI]
gross capital formation
[GFSY; SNA93]
Page447
English
Arabic
gross domestic expenditure
gross domestic product
GDP
gross fixed capital formation
[GFSY; IFS; SNA93]

GFCF
gross Fund position (of a member)
] [
[IMF]
gross liability position in derivatives
gross measurement of flows
gross national disposable income
[BPM5]
GNDY
GNDI
gross national expenditure
[IFS]
GNE
Gross National Happiness
GNH
gross national income
GNI
GNY
Page448
English
Arabic
gross national product
GNP
gross operating balance

[GFSM]
gross operating profit or loss
gross operating surplus
gross or net basis
gross output
gross processing margin
GPM
gross recording
[BPM5; BPM6]
gross reserve position

[IMF]
gross social product
[centrally planned economies]

GSP
gross up
grossing up
( )
Page449
English
Arabic
grossing up of samples
grossing up samples
group lending
Group Life Insurance
[IMF]
GLI
Group of 77
G-77
Group of Eight
Group of 8
G-8
Group of Fifteen
Group of 15
G-15
Group of Five
Group of 5
G-5
Group of Four
[United Nations]
G-4
Group of Latin American and Caribbean Sugar Exporting
Countries
Page450
English
Arabic
Group of Negotiations on Goods
[GATT]
GNG
Group of Seven
Group of 7
G-7
Group of Ten
Group of 10
G-10
Group of Three currencies

G-3 currencies
G-3 triplet

//
euro/yen/dollar triplet
Group of Twenty
Group of 20
G-20
Group of Twenty Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors
G20 Developing Nations

G20
G21
G22
Group of Twenty-Four
[developing countries]
Group of 24
G-24
Group on Environmental Measures and International Trade
[GATT]
Page451
English
Group on Quantitative Restrictions and Other Non-Tariff
Arabic
Measures
[GATT]
growth accounting framework
growth management
growth path
Growth Tracker
IMF's Growth Tracker
growth-oriented adjustment
guarantee
guaranteed loan
backed loan
guest worker
gastarbeiter
Guidance Note
Guide for Staff Relations with Civil Society Organizations
Guide on Resource Revenue Transparency
Page452
English
Guide to Money and Banking Statistics in International Financial
Statistics, A
Arabic
[IMF]
GMBS
Guide to the General Data Dissemination System
guideline
guidelines for borrowing by the Fund

[IMF]
guidelines for early repurchase

[IMF]
Guidelines for Fiscal Risk Disclosure and Management
[IMF]
Guidelines for Foreign Exchange Reserve Management
[IMF]
Guidelines for Public Debt Management
[IMF]
Guidelines for Public Expenditure Management
guidelines for the management of floating exchange rates
[IMF]
Guidelines on Conditionality (2002)
Page453
English
Arabic
Guidelines on Corrective Action
[IMF]
GCA
Guidelines on Remedial Action
Guidelines on Misreporting
[IMF]
Misreporting Guidelines
guidelines on sovereign debt management
guilder(s)
[Netherlands]
Netherlands
Gulf Crisis Financial Coordination Group

[]
GCFCG
Gulf Stream
haircut
half-life
Handbook of National Accounting
[GFS 1986]
handling charge
harbor fee
Page454
Arabic
English
hard budget constraint
HBC
hard currency
hard ECU
) (
hard landing
hard law
hard loan
hard money
][coin
hard peg
hard restructuring
) (

Page455
hard-blend country
][IBRD
hard-coded
hard-core waiver
][GATT
)hardening (of currency
English
Arabic
hardship allowance
hardship reserve
hardship
[IMF]
hardware technology transfer
[1993-]
( )
[IT]
hardwiring
harmonic mean
harmonic process
harmonization
reconciliation
harmonized (tariff) system
Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding System
( )
[EC]
HS
harmonized external tariff
HET
Page456
English
Arabic
harmonized index of consumer prices
[EU]
HICP
Harmonized System of Customs Classification
[WTO]
Harrod-Domar growth model
Hartz Concept
[GER]
Hartz IV
Hartz IV labor market reforms
[GER]
haulage
( )
[BPM5]
Havana Charter
[GATT]
hawala
hawala broker
hawaladar
hawala/hundi alternative remittance system
hawala
hazardous waste
toxic waste
Page457
English
Arabic
head count index of poverty

poverty head count ratio
head count ratio

incidence of poverty
poverty incidence
head tax
community charge
[GBR]
poll tax
headline index
[CPI]
headline inflation
overall inflation
headline tax rate
Headquarters Design Unit
[TGS/DF/FD/HQ]
Headquarters Security Section
[TGS/SE/HS]
Headquarters Training Section
[INS/AV/HT]
Headquarters Training Unit
[INS/AV/TR/HE]
Page458
English
Arabic
headquarters
principal office of the Fund
HQ
headroom
heads of specialized agencies
headwinds
health
Health Room
[IMF-IBRD]
heavily indebted country
Heavily Indebted Poor Countries Debt Initiative

[IMF]
HIPC Initiative

( )
HIPC Debt Initiative

[IMF]
heavily indebted poor country
HIPC
highly indebted poor country
heavy crude (oil)
((
[petroleum]
Page459
English
Arabic
Heckscher-Ohlin approach to international trade

H-O Model of trade
hedge accounting
hedge clause
disclaimer
hedge currency
hedge fund
absolute return fund
-
-
hedge ratio
hedging instrument
hedging
[forward market]
hedge
hedonic price index

hedonic index
Page460
English
Arabic
held as a store of value
held-to-maturity Investment
helsinki package

herd behavior
herd effect
bandwagon
bandwagon behavior
bandwagon effect
lemming-like behavior
Herfindahl-Hirschman Index
HHI
Herfindahl index
[FSIG]
Herstatt risk
cross-currency settlement risk
heteroscedastic error
[econometrics]
heteroscedasticity
[econometrics]
heteroskedasticity
hidden cost
Page461
English
Arabic
hidden inflation
disguised inflation
hidden subsidy
concealed subsidy
hidden unemployment
disguised unemployment
high access contingent financing
High Access Precautionary SBA
HAPA
High Access Precautionary Arrangement
High Access Precautionary Stand-by Arrangement
precautionary SBA
high case lending scenario
[World Bank, CAS]
high frequency data

[statistics]
High Level Forum on Harmonization
[Rome]
High Level Forum
HLF
high positive correlation
Page462
English
Arabic
high quality growth
high technology industry
high yield bond
high-access component
higher income brackets
higher-middle-income country
HMIC
upper-middle-income countries
UMICS
high-frequency trading
high-grade bond
high-inflation country
High-Level Forum on Aid Effectiveness
High-Level Meeting on Integrated Initiatives for Least-Developed

Countries' Trade Development
[ITC, UNCTAD, UNDP, WB, WTO]
Page463
English
High-Level Panel on Threats, Challenges and Change
High-Level Task Force on the Global Food Security Crisis
Arabic
[UN]
highly geared company

leveraged company
highly leveraged institution

HLI
highly leveraged investor

HLI
high-performing economy
high-spread sovereigns
high-yield credit spread
HIPC Initiative completion point document
HIPC Initiative decision point document
HIPC Poverty-Related Expenditure Tracking Assessment and

Action Plan
[IMF-World Bank, HIPC]

AAP
HIPC subaccount
[IMF]
Page464
English
Arabic
HIPC Trust Fund
[World Bank; Debt Guide 1993]
hire-purchase credit
[FSIG]
hire-purchase
[GBR]
HP
Historian
[SEC/AI/HI]
historical cost
original cost
historic cost
historical series
historical data
[BPM5]
historical trend
hoarding effect
hoarding
[SNA93; goods]
Hodrick-Prescott filter
[econometrics]
HP filter
Page465
English
Arabic
holder of record
holder of SDRs
holding company
holding corporation
[SNA]
holding gains and losses
holdings below allocations

[SDR]
holdings rate
[IMF]
hold-out creditor
[SDRM; bankruptcy]
holdout
dissident creditor
holdover trade
holdover
holdover transaction
holdover trading position
hold-to-maturity price
hold-to-maturity value
HTM
hold-up problem
Page466
English
Arabic
home banking
home bias
home country
home country supervisor
home supervisor
home equity loan

equity loan
home equity credit

equity credit line
home equity withdrawal

mortgage equity withdrawal
home goods
[IFS]
home grown
home leave allowance
[IMF-HRD]
home mortgage market
home production
household production
Page467
English
Arabic
hometown associations
HTAs
homogenous products
homoscedastic error
[econometrics]
homoscedasticity
[econometrics]
honest broker
[figuratively, in negotiations]
Hong Kong Monetary Authority
HKMA
horizontal fund
horizontal integration
Hospitality Section
[TGS/DG/HS]
host country
host country supervisor
host supervisor
hostile takeover
Page468
English
Arabic
hot money
flight money
hotchpot provision
Hotelling's test
household consumption survey
household saving
consumer saving
household sector
household
household surveys
housing and community amenities
housing correction
housing cycle
housing starts
[USA]
Houston terms
[Paris Club; Debt Guide, 1993; External Debt Statistics: Guide

for Compilers and Users, 1993]
Page469
English
Arabic
HQ2 Conference Hall
Fund Headquarters 2 Conference Hall
hub and spoke system

[transportation; logistics]
hub and spoke network
Human Development Index
[UN]
HDI
Human Development Network
[IBRD]
HDN
Human Development Report
[UN]
human immunodeficiency virus
HIV
Human Poverty Index
[UNDP]
HPI
human resource development
Human Resources Center
[HRD/SC/CT]
HR Center
Page470
English
Arabic
Human Resources Department
[IMF]
HRD
Human Resources Information Systems Section
[HRD/SC/IS]
Human Resources Services Division
[HRD/SC]
HR Services
hybrid instrument
hybrid security
hydraulic fracturing technology
fracking
hydrocarbons
hydrofluorocarbons
HFCs
hyperinflation
hyperlink
hypertext link
link
hypertext markup language
html
Page471
English
Arabic
hypothesis testing
significance testing
hysteresis effect
hysteresis
I Owe you
IOU
IASB
International Accounting Standards Board
[FSIG]
IASCO
IDA buy-down mechanism

[IBRD]
IDA Replenishment(, First, Second, ...)
( ... )
IDA-1, IDA-2
IDA VIII,...XI
( ...)
IDA-only country
[IBRD]
identifiability
identification and specification of a model
Page472
English
Arabic
idle balances
idle money
barren money
idle resources
IDP
internally displaced persons
persons displaced within their own countries
Ifo
(Ifo)
Ifo Institute for Economic Research
Ijara
Ijara Wa Iktina
illicit enrichment
illiquid
illiquidity
Page473
English
Arabic
illiquidity risk
risk of illiquidity
illustrative quota
[IMF]
imbalance
[BPM5; SNA93]
IMF Balance of Payments Database

[IMF]
IMF Center
[IMF-EXR]
IMF Civic Program Advisory Committee
CPAC
IMF Committee on Balance of Payments Statistics
[IMF]
BOPCOM
IMF corporate governance

corporate governance of the Fund
IMF Electronic Bulletin Board

[IMF]
IMF Bulletin Board
[IMF]
bulletin board
IMF Expert Group on Monetary and Financial Statistics
Page474
English
Arabic
IMF governance reform
IMF Informal Group on the Measurement of Financial Derivatives
IMF Institute
[IMF]
INS
Institute
IMF Media Briefing Center

[IMF]
Online Media Briefing Center
IMF Memorandum
IMF Middle East Center for Economics and Finance
CEF
IMF No. 1 Account
[IMF]
IMF No. 2 Account
[IMF]
IMF Operational Guidelines on the Data Template for International

Reserves and Foreign Currency Liquidity
IMF Paper on Policy Analysis and Assessment
[IMF document series; PPAA/...]

PPAA
Page475
English
Arabic
IMF Research Bulletin
IMF Staff Country Report

[IMF]
IMF Country Report
IMF Survey
IMF Terminology Working Group

[IMF-TGS]
TWG
IMF Visitors' Center
IMF Working Paper
[IMF document series; WP/...]

WP
Working Paper
(Stat.IMF)
IMF.Stat warehouse
IMF-AMF Regional Training Program

[IMF-INS]
RTP
IMF-Singapore Regional Training Institute

[IMF-INS]
STI
IMF-supported or other monetary program
Page476
English
Arabic
immediacy
[FSIG]
immediate drawing
[IMF]
Immediate Office of Administrative Services
Immediate Office of Information Technology Services
Immediate Office of Language Services
Immediate Office
[IMF]
.../AI
immobilization
immovable asset(s)
immunity from judicial process
[IMF]
immunity from taxation
[IMF]
immunity of archives
[IMF]
Page477
English
Arabic
immunity of assets
[IMF]
impaired asset
impaired
[bank supervision]
impairment loss
[accounting]
impairment of capital
imperfect substitute
differentiated product
implementation of surveillance
implementation status
[of a program]
implementing agency
implicit cost
imputed cost
implicit debt
implicit deposit insurance
Page478
English
Arabic
implicit price deflator

GDP deflator
[GFSY]
implied volatility
import absorption
import bill
import capacity of exports

import coverage
cover rate
import capacity
importing power
import cartel
import content (of domestic products)
import cover
import duty
import tariff
tariff

( )

entry duty
entry tax
Page479
English
Arabic
import monopoly
import penetration
import penetration ratio
IPR
import price
import price inflation
import substitute
import substitution
import surcharge
import surtax
import-consumption ratio
ICR
imported inflation
imported unemployment
import-intensive
impossible trinity
Page480
English
Arabic
impound appropriations
sequester appropriations
imprest account
improved goodwill clause

[Paris Club]
impulse response function
IRF
imputed income
[BOP]
imputed social contributions
imputed transactions
[BPM5; GFSM]
imputed value
in kind
In the Name of God, the Compassionate, the Merciful
Bism elahi-rahmani rahim
inactivity trap
Page481
English
Arabic
in-and-out trading
in-bond industry
incidence of unemployment
incidental costs or charges
incidental costs
incidentals
incidental unemployment
inclusion probability
inclusive growth
income account
[accounting]
revenue and expense account
income and outlay account
[GFS 1986; SNA93]
income approach
income bond
( )
Page482
English
Arabic
income bracket
income effect
income elasticity
income elasticity of demand
YED
income gearing
income multiplier
income policy
incomes policy
income poor
income poverty
income spread
income target
[IMF]
target income
income tax
income tax allowance
[IMF-HRD]
Page483
English
income terms of trade
Arabic
income value
income velocity of money
income
[economics]
Income-Generating Project for Refugee Areas
[UN]
IGPRA
income-spending lag
income-split tax system

split system
income-tested assistance
incomings
incomplete market
incorporated enterprise
Page484
English
Arabic
incorporated
[SNA93]
increase in quotas
((

[IMF]
increasing marginal return
incremental budget
incremental capital-output ratio

ICOR
incremental devaluation
gradual devaluation
incremental labor-output ratio
incurrence of liabilities
indebted developing country
indebtedness
Independent AML/CFT expert

/
/

IAE
Page485
English
Arabic
Independent Commission on International Development Issues

Brandt Commission
Independent Evaluation Group
[World Bank]
IEG
Independent Evaluation Office
[IMF]
IEO
EVO
independent floating
independent float arrangement
Independent Payments Advisory Board
[USA]
IPAB
independent variable
[mathematics; statistics]
predictor variable
predictor
index
index arbitrage
index construction
[CPI]
Page486
English
Arabic
index formula
[CPI]
index fund
index number theory
[CPI]
index of exchange rate
[IFS]
Index of Industrial Production
IIP
Industrial Production Index
IPI
index reference period
[CPI]
indexation
index-linking
indexed bonds
[BPM5]
indexed currency option note

ICON
heaven and hell bond
Page487
English
Arabic
indexed
index-linked
index-tied
index-linked securities
index-linked instruments

Indian Ocean Division
indicative price
indicative producer price
reference price
guiding price
indicative target
indifference curve
indirect exchange rate
indirect finance
indirect investment
indirect taxation
indirect tax
Individual Income Tax
[MOZ]
Page488
English
Arabic
individual retirement account
[USA]
IRA
induced consumption
induced investment
industrial classification
industrial country
Industrial Development Board
[UNIDO]
Industrial Development Center for Arab States
IDCAS
Industrial Development Decade for Africa
[UNIDO]
IDDA
Industrial Development Fund
IDF
industrial estate
[GBR]
industrial park
[USA]
Page489
English
Arabic
industrial gold
industrialization economies
industry
inefficiency
inelasticity
ineligibility to use the Fund's resources, automatic
[IMF]
ineligibility
[AA, use of Fund resources]
inertial inflation
infant industry
infinity
inflation
inflation accounting
inflation bias
Page490
English
Arabic
inflation differential
differential in inflation rates
inflation gap
inflationary gap
inflation indexed bond

index-linked gilt
[GBR]
inflation inertia
inflation rate
inflation stickiness
inflation targeters
inflation targeting framework

inflation targeting
IT
direct inflation targeting

inflation targeting strategy
inflation targeting regime
inflation tax Laffer curve
ITLC
Page491
English
Arabic
inflation tax
seigniorage
Inflation Tracker
IMF's Inflation Tracker
inflationary expectations
inflationary finance
inflationary spiral
wage-price spiral
inflection point
[mathematics]
inflow of capital
capital inflow
influence (of an observation)
influenza virus

( )
Informal Board Seminar
informal drafting session
[IC]
Page492
English
Arabic
informal meeting
informal recess of the Board

recess
informal savings
informal sector
Information and Facilities Management Section
[INS/AV/IF]
information and liaison
[IMF]
information asymmetry
asymmetric information
Information Center for Computer Systems
[IMF-TGS]
ICCS
information cost
Information Development and Library Research Services Section
Information Division
information economy
Page493
English
Arabic
information frictions
information highway
information superhighway
infobahn
[Europe]
information leak
Information Management Assistant
[IMF]
Information Management Section
[INS/AV/IF]
information notice system

INS
system of information notices
information notice
[IMF]
Information Officer
[IMF-EXR]
Information Officer, Senior
[IMF-EXR]
Information Organization Section
[TGS/II/IO]
Page494
English
Arabic
Information Procurement Section
Information Resources Management Unit
information retrieval
[data processing]
IR
information security
Information Security Section
[TGS/SE/IS]
Information Services Division
[TGS/DI]
Information Services Section
information sharing channel
Information Solutions Network
[IBRD]
ISN
information storage and retrieval system
Information Technology Agreement
[WTO]
Information Technology and Systems Unit
[TGS/II/IT]
Page495
English
Arabic
Information Technology Policy Committee
[IMF]
Information Technology Services
[TGS/I]
IT Services
information technology
IT
information, education, and communication

outreach
information-sharing arrangements
Infoshop
[World Bank]
infrastructure
infrastructure assets
[GFSM]
Infrastructure Development Division
Infrastructure Division
[TGS/IR]
ingot
[gold]
Page496
English
Arabic
inheritance tax
death tax
in-house consultant
[IMF]
initial conditions
initial cost
initial margin
margin
initial public offering
IPO
initiative clause
[Paris Club]
injunctive relief
injunction
inland revenues
inland waterway
[BPM5]
inlier
Page497
English
Arabic
input tax
[VAT]
input
[SNA93]
input-output analysis
[SNA 1993]
input-output table
IOT
input-output matrix
inreach efforts
in-service training
inside information
inside money
insider
insider dealing
insider trading
insider loan
Page498
English
Arabic
insider-outsider
[theory of employment]
insider-outsider theory
insolvency
insolvency practitioner
insolvency risk
risk of insolvency
insolvency system
insolvency regime
installation allowance
[IMF-HRD]
installed capacity
plant capacity
installment loan
installment credit
installment payment
( )

installment
Institute for Capacity Development
[IMF]
ICD
Page499
English
Arabic
Institute for Financial Stability
Institute for International Economics
IIE
Institute for Latin American Integration
[IDB]
INTAL
Institute Library
[IMF-INS]
Institute of Internal Auditors
IIA
Institute of International Finance
IIF
institution building
institution-affiliated party
institutional culture
institutional development
Page500
English
Arabic
Institutional Development Fund
[IBRD]
IDF
institutional engineering
institutional framework
institutional investor
institutional memory
Institutional Repository of Fund Documents
[IMF]
institutional sector
[SNA93]
Institutional Table
institutional unit
institutional resident
institutionalization
[financial sector]
Page501
English
Arabic
institutionally managed portfolio funds

[IBRD]
Institutions Integrity Division

[MFD/IN]
Instrument to Establish the Post-Conflict Emergency Assistance

Subsidy Account for PRGF-eligible Members
instrumental variable
IV
instrumental variables, method of
insurable risk
insurance claim
claim
[BPM5; BPM6; GFSM; MFSM]
Insurance Code of the Inter-African Conference on Insurance
Markets
[WAEMU]
CIMA Code
insurance company
insurance corporation
insurance enterprise
Insurance Core Principles
ICP
Page502
English
Arabic
insurance intermediary
insurance policy holder
policy holder
insurance premium
insurance reserves
Insurance Supervisory Principles

[IAIS]
IAIS Core Principles
insurance technical reserves
Insurance, Pensions and Family Services Section
[HRD/SB/IF]
Insurance, Retirement, and Family Services Section
[HRD/SB/IF]
intangible assets
[BPM5; BPM6; GFS 1986; GFSM; SNA93]
intangible fixed assets
intangible fixed produced assets

[SNA93]
intangible nonproduced assets
Page503
English
Arabic
Integrated Correspondence System

[IMF]
ICS
integrated economic accounts
Integrated Financial Management Information System

IFMIS
integrated system of public sector financial management
Integrated Financial Management System

IFMS
Integrated Framework for Trade-Related Technical Assistance to

Least Developed Countries
Integrated Framework
IF
Integrated Framework Steering Committee

IFSC
Integrated Framework Working Group
IFWG
integrated monetary survey
IMS
Integrated Programme for Commodities
[UNCTAD]
Page504
English
Arabic
integration
Integrity Hotline
integrity
[DQAF]
intellectual property
intellectual property rights
intensified collaboration
intensified collaborative element
intensified collaborative approach
enhanced collaborative approach
intensified cooperative approach

[IMF]
intensified cooperative strategy
enhanced cooperative approach
enhanced cooperative strategy
strengthened cooperative strategy

strengthened cooperative strategy on overdue financial
obligations
strengthened cooperative strategy on arrears
arrears strategy
intensified surveillance
[IMF]
Page505
English
Arabic
interaffiliate trade
Inter-African Coffee Organization

IACO
Inter-African Conference on Insurance Markets

CIMA
Inter-African Conference on Social Security

CIPRES
Inter-African Development Association
Inter-Agency Group on Economic and Financial Statistics
Inter-Agency Task Force on Environment Statistics
Inter-Agency Task Force on International Trade Statistics
[UN]
Interagency Task Force on Statistics of International Trade in

Services
[UN]
IATFSITS
Inter-American Center for Labor Administration
[OAS]
CIAT
Inter-American Commission on Human Rights
[OAS]
Page506
English
Arabic
Inter-American Committee on the Alliance for Progress
[OAS]
CIAP
Inter-American Convention Against Corruption
Inter-American Convention against Terrorism
Inter-American Council for Education, Science, and Culture
[OAS]
CIECC
Inter-American Council of Commerce and Production
IACCP
Inter-American Development Bank
IDB
IADB
Inter-American Dialogue
[USA]
Inter-American Economic and Social Council
[UN]
CIES
IA-ECOSOC
Inter-American Export Promotion Center
CIPE
Inter-American Institute for Cooperation on Agriculture
IICA
Page507
English
Arabic
Inter-American Investment Corporation
[IDB]
IIC
Inter-American Savings and Loan Bank
BIAPE
Inter-American Statistical Institute
IASI
Inter-Arab Investment Guarantee Corporation
IAIGC
Arab Investment Guarantee Corporation
interbank clearing
[SNA93]
interbank deposit rate

[IFS]
interbank funds transfer system
IFTS
interbank market
interbank money market
Page508
English
Arabic
interbank offered rate

IBOR
interbank rate
interbank positions
( )
( )
( )
intercept
[mathematics]
intercountry assistance
inter-dealer broker
IDB
dealer-to-dealer broker
Inter-Departmental IMF Working Group on streamlining structural

conditionality in IMF supported programs
Inter-Departmental Working Group on streamlining structural

conditionality in Fund-supported programs
Interdepartmental Low-Income Committee
Interdepartmental Task force on Food and Fuel Prices
Interdepartmental Working Group on Fund Policy Advice

[IMF]
interdependence
Page509
English
Arabic
interdisciplinary
interenterprise arrears
interest arbitrage
interest differential
interest rate differential
interest due and unpaid bond
IDU bond
interest due but not paid
[BPM5]
interest elasticity
interest margin to gross income
( ..)
[FSIG]
interest mismatch
interest on holdings of special drawing rights
[BL]
interest payable
Page510
English
Arabic
interest payment
interest premium mechanism
interest rate anchor
interest rate cap

cap option

( )
cap
interest rate capping agreements

interest rate guarantees
IRG
interest rate channel of monetary policy
( )
interest rate channel
interest rate contingency mechanism
interest rate derivative
interest rate equalization tax

interest equalization tax
interest rate future
interest rate parity condition
Page511
English
Arabic
interest rate parity

interest parity
interest rate pegging strategy

interest rate pegging
interest rate risk
interest rate smoothing
interest rate swap
interest recapture clause
interest receivable
[GMBS]
interest rescheduling
interest retiming
interest sensitivity
interest rate sensitivity
interest spread
interest subsidy
Page512
English
Arabic
interest subsidy account
[IBRD]
interest waiver
interest warrant
interest coupon
interest-bearing
interest-free loan
interest-only loan
interest-reduction bond
par bond
interest-sensitive activity
Inter-Governmental Authority on Drought and Development
IGADD
Intergovernmental Council of Copper Exporting Countries
CIPEC
intergovernmental fiscal relations
Page513
English
Arabic
Intergovernmental Follow-Up and Coordination Committee

[Group of 77]
IFCC
intergovernmental grants or transfers
Intergovernmental Group of Experts on the External Indebtedness
of Developing Countries
[UNCTAD]
Intergovernmental Group of the Whole on the United Nations

Financing System for Science and Technology for Development
[UN]
Intergovernmental Group of Twenty-Four on International
Monetary Affairs
G-24
Intergovernmental Group of Twenty-Four on International

Monetary Affairs and Development
G-24
Intergovernmental Group on Grains
[FAO]
Intergovernmental Group on Meat
[FAO]
Intergovernmental Group on Rice
[FAO]
Page514
English
Arabic
Intergovernmental Group on Supplementary Financing

[UNCTAD]
Intergovernmental Maritime Consultative Organization

IMCO
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

IPCC
intergovernmental transaction
[GFS 1986]
intragovernmental transaction
[GFS 1986]
intergovernmental transfer mechanism
Interim Afghanistan National Development Strategy

I-ANDS
interim arrangement
interim assistance
[IMF; PRGF]
Interim Committee of the Board of Governors on the International

Monetary System
[IMF]

[]
Interim Committee
IC
interim disbursement
Page515
English
Arabic
Interim Emergency Relief Contribution
[Palestinian Authority]
IERC
interim ESAF
interim period
[HIPC]
interim Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper
[PRGF]
interim PRSP
I-PRSP
interim PRGF
[IMF]
interim simplified consultation

[IMF]
interim consultation
interlinkage
intermediary bank
intermediary service fees
[BOP]
intermediate consumption
intermediate goods
Page516
English
Arabic
intermediate technology
intermediation
internal audit
internal audit charter

audit charter
internal audit unit
[enterprises]
internal auditor
internal balance
internal devaluation
internal imbalances
internal rate of return
IRR
internal ratings based approach

IRB
Page517
English
Arabic
Internal Revenue Code
[USA]
IRC
internal revenue title
Internal Revenue Service
( )
[USA]
IRS
Internal Training Section
[INS/AI/IT]
internalization of external economies
[environment, energy, natural resources; UNEP]
internalize externalities
International Accounting Standards 1999
International Accounting Standards Committee Foundation
IASCF
International Accounting Standards Committee
IASC
International Accounting Standards

[FSIG]
IAS
International Advisory and Monitoring Board
[UN, DFI; IRQ]
Page518
English
Arabic
International Air Transport Association
IATA
International Association for Official Statistics
[International Statistical Institute (ISI)]

IAOS
International Association for Research in Income and Wealth
IARIW
International Association for Social Progress
IASP
International Association of Conference Interpreters
International Association of Drilling Contractors
IADC
International Association of Insurance Supervisors
IAIS
International Association of Penal Law
IAPL
International Atomic Energy Agency
IAEA
International Audit Standards
Page519
English
Arabic
International Auditing Practices Committee
[IFAC]
IPAC
International Bank for Economic Co-Operation
IBEC
International Bank for Reconstruction and Development
[World Bank Group]

IBRD
International Bank of Africa
[Cameroon]
IBAC
International Banking Facility
[USA]
IBF
international banking interest
IBI
international banking statistics
[IMF-STA; BPM5; FSIG]

IBS
international bond
International Bureau of Education
[UNESCO]
IBE
Page520
English
Arabic
International Capital Markets Department
[IMF]
ICM
international capital markets
ICM
International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas
ICARDA
International Center for Tropical Agriculture
CIAT
International Centre for Advanced Technical and Vocational
Training
ICAT
International Centre for Public Enterprises
ICPE
International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes
[World Bank Group]

ICSID
International Chamber of Commerce
ICC
International Civil Aviation Organization
ICAO
Page521
English
Arabic
International Civil Service Commission
[UN]
ICSC
International Classification of Status in Employment
ICSE
International Cocoa Agreement
[ICCO]
International Cocoa Council
[ICCO]
International Cocoa Organization
ICCO
International Coffee Agreement
[ICO]
International Coffee Council
[ICO]
International Coffee Organization
ICO
International Commission of Jurists
ICJ
International Committee for the Reconstruction of Cambodia
[UN]
ICORC
Page522
English
Arabic
International Committee of the Red Cross

ICRC
International Comparison Program

[UN]
International Compilers Working Group on External Debt Statistics

[IMF, IBRD, OECD, BIS;Berne Union]
International Confederation of Free Trade Unions

ICFTU
International Conference on Economic Assistance to the
Palestinian People
International Conference on Financing for Development

[UN]
ICFD
FfD
Monterrey Conference
FfD Conference
International Conference on National Poverty Reduction
Strategies
International Conference on Poverty Reduction Strategies
International Convention against the Taking of Hostages
International Convention for the Suppression of Terrorist
Bombings
Page523
English
Arabic
International Convention for the Suppression of the Financing of

Terrorism
International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of all
Migrant Workers and Members of their Families
International Convention on the Simplification and Harmonization

of Customs Procedures
Kyoto Convention
International Convention to Combat Desertification in those

Countries Experiencing Serious Drought and/or Desertification,
particularly in Africa
International Co-operative Alliance
[UN]
ICA
International Cotton Advisory Committee
ICAC
International Council on Archives
ICA
International Country Risk Guide
ICRG
International Court of Justice
ICJ
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
Page524
English
International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
Arabic
International Criminal Police Organization

ICPO
INTERPOL
International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics
ICRISAT
International Day for the Eradication of Poverty
[UN]
international deposit insurance
International Development Association
[World Bank Group]

IDA
International Development Goals

[OECD]
IDGs
2015 targets
[Copenhagen Summit]
International Development Research Centre
[Canada]
IDRC
International Economic Association
IEA
Page525
English
Arabic
International Energy Agency
IEA
International Energy Forum
International Facilities Unit
[TGS/DF/FD/IF]
International Families of the Fund Office
[HRD/SB/IN]
InFFO
InFFO Section
International Federation of Accountants
IFAC
International Federation of Agricultural Producers
IFAP
International Finance Corporation
[World Bank Group]

IFC
International Finance Facility for Immunization
IFFm
International Finance Facility
IFF
international financial architecture
Page526
English
Arabic
International Financial Institution Advisory Commission

[USA]
Meltzer Commission
IFIAC
international financial institution
IFI
International Financial Reporting Interpretations Committee
IFRC
International Financial Reporting Standards
[FSIG]
IFRS
International Financial Statistics Yearbook
[IMF]
IFS Yearbook
International Financial Statistics
[IMF]
IFS
International Financial Statistics
International Financial Unit
IFU
International Fiscal Association
[UN]
IFA
Page527
English
Arabic
International Fund for Agricultural Development

[WFC]
IFAD
International Grains Arrangement

[IWC]
International Grains Council
International Information System for the Agricultural Sciences and
( )
Technology
[FAO]
AGRIS
International Institute for Cotton
IIC
International Institute for Sustainable Development
IISD
International Institute of Tropical Agriculture
IITA
International Investment Bank
IIB
international investment net position

[BOP]
IIP
net external asset position
Page528
English
Arabic
international investment position
[BPM5; Debt Guide, 1993; Balance of Payments Compilation

Guide 1995; External Debt Statistics: Guide for Compilers and
Users, 1993; Debt Guide, 1993]
IIP
International Labour Office
[ILO]
ILO
International Labour Organisation
ILO
International Law Association
ILA
International Law Commission
[UN]
ILC
International Lead and Zinc Study Group
ILZSG
international lending process
international liquidity
[IFS]
International Maritime Committee
IMC
Page529
English
Arabic
International Maritime Organization

IMO
international merchandise trade statistics

[UN]
International Merchandise Trade Statistics: Concepts and

Definitions
International Monetary and Financial Committee

[IMF]
IMFC
International Monetary Fund Family Association

IMFFA
IMF Family Association
International Monetary Fund

IMF
International Monetary Fund's Quarterly Survey on the Currency

Composition of Foreign Exchange Reserves
international monetary system
IMS
International Natural Rubber Agreement
[INRO]
International Natural Rubber Council
[INRO]
Page530
English
Arabic
International Natural Rubber Organization

INRO
International Negotiating Committee for the Framework

Convention on Climate Change
[GEF]
INC
International Nuclear Information System

INIS
International Olive Oil Agreement

[IOOC]
International Olive Oil Council

IOOC
International Organization for Standardization

ISO
International Organization of Securities Commissions

IOSCO
International Organization of Stock Exchange Commissions
International Organization of Supreme Audit Institutions
( )
INTOSAI
International Political Science Association
[UNESCO]
IPSA
Page531
English
Arabic
International Potato Center

CIP
International Public Sector Accounting Standards

IPSAS
International Reconstruction Fund Facility for Iraq

IRFFI
International Regulators Forum

IRF
International Rescue Committee

[IRC]
International Reserves and Foreign Currency Liquidity: Guidelines

for a Data Template
[IMF]
international reserves
[BPM6; GFSM; IFS]
external reserves
International Rice Research Institute
IRRI
International Rubber Study Group
IRSG
International Sectoral Database
Page532
English
Arabic
International Securities Identification Numbering System

ISIN
International Securities Markets Association

ISMA
International Social Security Association

ISSA
International Square Design Unit

[ADM/AS/FD/IS]
International Standard Classification of all Goods and Services

[UN]
ICGS
International Standard Classification of Education
International Standard Classification of Education
ISCED
International Standard Classification of Occupations

ISCO-88
International Standard Industrial Classification of all Economic
Activities
[UN]
ISIC
Page533
English
International Standard Industrial Classification of all Economic
Arabic
Activities
[BPM5; FSIG]
ISIC
International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related
Health Problems
ICD
International Statistical Institute

ISI
International Strategy for Disaster Reduction

ISDR
International Sugar Agreement

[ISO]
International Sugar Council

[ISO]
ISC
International Sugar Organization

ISO
International Swap Dealers Association

ISDA
International Task Force on Commodity Risk Management in
Developing Countries
[World Bank]
Page534
English
Arabic
International Tax Dialogue

ITD
International Tea Organization
International Tea Promotion Association

ITPA
International Telecommunications Satellite Organization
( )
INTELSAT
International Telecommunications Union

ITU
International Tin Agreement

[ITC]
International Tin Council

ITC
International Trade Center

ITC
International Trade Centre UNCTAD-GATT
ITC
International Trade Commission
[USA]
ITC
Page535
English
Arabic
International Trade Organization

ITO
international transaction reporting system

[BPM5]
ITRS
international transactions in services classification

[BOP]
International Tribunal for the prosecution of persons responsible

for serious violations of International Humanitarian Law committed
in the Territory of the Former Yugoslavia since 1991

1991
International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia

ICTY
International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural

Resources
IUCN
World Conservation Union
International Union for the Scientific Study of Population

IUSSP
International Union of Credit and Investment Insurers
( )
Berne Union
International Wheat Agreement
[IWC]
IWA
Page536
English
Arabic
International Wheat Council
IWC
International Working Group of External Debt Statistics
IWGEDS
International Working Group of Sovereign Wealth Funds
IWG
internationalization (capital markets)
( )
interofficial transaction
interperiod adjustment
interpolation
forward extrapolation
Interpretation Services
[TGS/AI/LI]
Interpretative Note
Interpreter, Chief
[IMF-TGS]
interrelated entries
[BPM5]
Page537
English
Intersecretariat Group for the Revision of the United Nations
Arabic
System of National Accounts

[UN, SNA]
Inter-Secretariat Working Group on National Accounts
ISWGNA
Intersecretariat Working Group on Price Statistics
[CPI]
IWGPS
Inter-secretariat Working Group on Price Statistics
ISWGPS
Intersessional Meeting of the Conference of the Heads of State of
the CARICOM
Inter-State Committee to Fight the Drought in the Sahel
CILSS
intertemporal
intertemporal budget constraint
intertemporal capital asset pricing model
ICAPM
intertemporal substitution of consumption
intertemporal trade
Page538
English
Arabic
intervention
intervention at the margins

intervention at the limits
( )
marginal intervention
intervention at the edges
intervention currency
currency of intervention
intervention point
[exchange rates]
divergence threshold
maximum fluctuation limit
in-the-money option
intra-currency union flows
Intraindustry trade
intra-marginal intervention
coordinated intramarginal intervention
concerted intervention
joint intervention
introducing broker
IB
intrusive conditionality
Page539
English
invariance to proportional changes in current prices test
Arabic
inventory accumulation
inventory change
inventory investment
inventory rundown
rundown on inventories
inventory valuation
inventory
stocks
inverse yield curve
inverse term structure
inverse
[mathematics]
Investment Account
[IMF]
IA
Investment Advisor
[IMF-OMD]
Page540
English
Arabic
investment allowance
investment deduction
investment bank
[USA]
merchant bank
[GBR]
investment budget
investment certificate
[enterprises]
investment climate
Investment Climate Survey
[World Bank]
investment company
Investment Control and Valuation System
[IMF-INV]
ICVS
investment expenditure
investment spending
investment grade bond

[securities]
Page541
English
Arabic
investment income
investment income-based proxy
international income-based proxy

IIP
Investment Office
[IMF-OMD]
INV
investment rate
investment ratio
investment slump
investment tax credit
ITC
Investment Unit
[FIN/PH/IN]
investment vehicle
investment
[economics]
investment-grade borrower
Page542
English
Arabic
investment-grade spreads
investment-savings ratio
investor base
investor confidence
investor of last resort
investor sentiment
investor sentiment unrelated to market fundamentals
investor sentiment unrelated to fundamentals
invisible hand
invisible transaction
[BOP]
invisibles
invisible item
invitation to bid
[procurement]
ITB
invoice value
Page543
English
Arabic
inward direct investment

inward
inward investment
inward spillover
inward-oriented economy
Iraqi Fund for External Development
IFED
Iraqi Governing Council
[UN]
Governing Council of Iraq
iron and steel industry
irrevocable documentary credit
irrevocable locking of exchange rates

[EMS]
irrevocable transfer
Irving Fisher Committee on Central Bank Statistics
IS curve
Page544
English
Arabic
Islamic banking
Islamic Corporation for the Insurance of Investment and Export
Credit
ICIEC
Islamic Development Bank
IsDB
IDB
Islamic Dinar
Islamic financial institution
[FSIG]
IFI
Islamic Financial Services Board
IFSB
island country
isocost
isometric chart
isoquant
issue a complaint (against a member)
( )
[IMF]
Page545
English
Arabic
issue cost
issuance cost
issuer set margin
[USA]
ISM
issuer
[BIS]
issuer-pay business model

issuer-pay model
Issues Brief
( )
[IMF-EXR]
issues for discussion
Issues Paper
[World Bank]
item
items in transit
[GMBS]
iteration
jack-knife
(knife-jack)
Page546
English
Arabic
J-curve
job creation
employment creation
job description
job displacement
job evaluation study

[IMF, IBRD]
job grading exercise

[IMF]
job opportunities
job search
job security
job seeker
jobless recovery
Jobs and Growth Tax Relief Reconciliation Act
[USA]
JGTRRA
Page547
English
Joint Ad Hoc Committee of Arrangements for the Annual Meetings
of the Boards of Governors of the Bank and the Fund
Arabic
[IMF/WB]
JCAAM
Joint Ad Hoc Committee on Arrangements for the Annual

Meetings of the Boards of Governors of the Bank and the Fund
[IMF document series; JCAAM/...]

JCAAM
Joint Africa Institute

[IMF-INS, AfDB, IBRD]
JAI
Joint and Co-sponsored Programme on HIV/AIDS Trust Fund

[UN]

( )/
joint and several guarantee
joint and several liability
Joint Bank/Fund Committee of Executive Directors on Staff

Compensation
[IMF/WB]
Joint Bank-Fund Library

[IMF-TGS]
JL
Joint Bank Library
joint BIS-IMF-OECD-World Bank statistics on external debt
Page548
English
Joint China-IMF Training Program
Arabic
[IMF-INS]
CTP
joint committee
Joint Committee on the Remuneration of Executive Directors and

their Alternates
[IMF/World Bank]
Board of Governors' Committee on the Remuneration of Executive
Directors
Committee on the Remuneration of Executive Directors
[IMF Board of Governors]
Joint Consultative Group on Policy

[UNDP/UNICEF/UNFRA/WFP]
JCGP
joint distribution
[statistics]
multivariate distribution
Joint External Debt Hub
joint financing
joint float
joint Fund/World Bank AML Methodology Document

AML Methodology Document
Page549
English
Arabic
joint governmental activity

[GFS 1986]
Joint IMF/World Bank Implementation Committee for the HIPC

Initiative and the PRSP Program
JIC
Joint Implementation Committee
Joint India-IMF Training Program

ITP
India Training Center
Joint Integrated Technical Assistance Programme

[WTO]
JITAP
Joint Inter-Agency Meeting on Computer-Assisted Translation and

Terminology
[UN]
JIAMCATT
joint issue paper
joint liability company
Joint Management Action Plan
Joint Ministerial Committee of the Boards of Governors of the

Bank and the Fund on the Transfer of Real Resources to
Developing Countries
Joint Development Committee
Development Committee
Page550
English
Arabic
Joint Oil Data Initiative

JODI
Joint Partnership for Africa
Joint Procedures Committee

JPC
Joint Regional Training Center for Latin America in Brazil

Brazil Training Center
[IMF-INS]
BTC
Joint Research Centre

[EC]
JRC
Joint Secretariat Registration, Hotels, and Credentials Office
RHC
Joint Secretariat
Joint Staff Advisory Note

Joint Staff Assessment Note
( )

JSAN
Joint Staff Assessment
[IMF-IBRD]
JSA
Page551
English
Arabic
joint stock company
Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS
[UNAIDS]
UNAIDS
joint venture
joint enterprise
Joint Vienna Institute
[IMF-INS]
JVI
Joint Year 2000 Council
2000
[BIS]
jointly owned company
journal voucher
JPM Emerging Markets Bond Index Global

EMBI Global

EMBI Global

EMBIG Index
Jubilee 2000
Jubilee of the Year 2000
2000
2000
Great Jubilee of the Year 2000
2000

2000
judgmental forecast
Page552
English
Arabic
jumbo borrowing
jumbo certificate of deposit
[USA]
jumbo mortgage
junior bond
junk bond
jurisdiction
jurisdiction risk
jurisdictional role
[IMF, capital account liberalization]
just-in-time advice
[IBRD]
just-in-time inventory systems
just-in-time production method
Page553
English
Arabic
Kennedy Round (of Multilateral Trade Negotiations)
( )
[GATT]
Kenya Anti-Corruption Authority
KACA
Kernel density estimation
Kernel density estimates

Parzen window method
kernel function
key currency
key performance indicators
KPI
Keynesian model
Keynesianism
Keynesian economics
Keynesian theory
Kimberley Process Certification Scheme
KPCS
kinked curve
knock-on effects
Page554
English
Arabic
knock-out option
know your client program
[money laundering]
know-how
knowledge bank
[IBRD]
knowledge management
knowledge staff
[IBRD]
knowledge-based economy
knowledge economy
knowledge-based institution
[IBRD]
Kronecker product
kurtosis of frequency curve
kurtosis
[statistics]
Kuwait Fund for Arab Economic Development
KFAED
Page555
English
Arabic
Kyoto Protocol
LAfrique aide lAfrique
AAA
labor
labor cost
labor dispute
industrial dispute
labor force participation rate

labor participation rate
participation rate
labor force
workforce
economically active population
EAP
working population
labor globalization
labor hoarding
labor income
[BPM5]
Page556
English
Arabic
labor input
labor intensiveness
labor intensity
labor market
labor market rigidity
labor mobility
labor productivity
labour productivity
[SNA93]
productivity of labor
labor relations
industrial relations
labor saving device

labor saving innovation
labor share
income share of labor
labor income share
labor supply
Page557
English
Arabic
labor utilization
labor-intensive
labor-output ratio
lack of institutional memory
Laffer Curve
lagged futures prices
lagged reserve accounting
LRA
lagged variable
lagging indicator
lagging industry
lagging interest rate
[in relation to the rate of inflation]
Lagrange multiplier
laissez-faire
laisser-faire
Page558
English
Arabic
Lake Chad Basin Commission
LCBC
Lamfalussy process
land
land development
[agriculture]
land improvement
land reclamation
land reform
agrarian reform
landed cost
landed price
landfill, sanitary
[USA, waste management]
landfilling, sanitary
[UK]
tipping, controlled
[UK]
landing page
landlocked country
Language Services Library
Page559
English
Arabic
Language Services
[TGS/L]
LS
Language Technology Advisory Group

[TGS-Language Services]
LTAG
Laplace-Gauss distribution
[statistics]
Gaussian distribution
normal distribution
lapse of time completion of Article IV consultation

[IMF]
lapse of time decision

LOT
large complex financial institutions
LCFIs
large cross-border financial institution
[EU]
LCFI
large sample
large taxpayer unit

LTU
Page560
English
Arabic
largely compliant
[BIS]
large-scale access (to the Fund's resources)

[IMF]
( )
( )
very high access (to the Fund's resources)
large-scale asset purchases

LSAP
largest debtor
large-value payments
last but not least
last in, first out
[inventory accounting]
LIFO
last in, last out
LILO
late filer
[taxation]
late interest charges


late interest
[Paris Club]
Page561
English
Arabic
late payment
[IMF]
late trading
Latin American and Caribbean Institute for Economic and Social
Planning
Latin American and the Caribbean Regional Office
[IBRD]
LCR
LCA
Latin American Association of Development Financing Institutions
ALIDE
Latin American Banking Association
FELABAN
Federation of Latin American Banks
Latin American Confederation of Credit Unions
[IDB]
COLAC
Latin American Demographic Centre
Latin American Economic System
SELA
Latin American Energy Organization
OLADE
Page562
English
Arabic
Latin American Episcopal Council

Council of Latin American Episcopal Conferences
Latin American Export Bank
Latin American Free Trade Association
LAFTA
Latin American Institute for Economic and Social Planning
[ECLA]
ILPES
Latin American Integration Association
LAIA
Latin American Reserve Fund
LARF
Fund for Latin American Reserves
lattice
launch spread
law enforcement
law enforcement agency
Law Librarian
[IMF-LEG]
Page563
English
Arabic
Law Library
[IMF-LEG]
law of demand
law of large numbers
law of markets
law of one price
law of small numbers

Poisson distribution
law of supply
law of the land
Law of Treaties
lawful money
[USA]
lawful currency
layering
layoff
LDC-plus package
Page564
English
Arabic
lead agency
lead manager
lead bank
lead underwriter
syndicate leader
leader market
leading indicator
forward-looking indicator
leading sector
League of Arab States
LAS
Arab League
League of Nations
[UN]
L of N
leakage
( )
[economics]
leaning against the wind of asset price movements
leaning against the wind

[exchange rate policy]
Page565
English
Arabic
leap-year effect
[statistics]
learning and innovation credit

[IBRD]
Learning and Innovation Loan

[IBRD]
LIL
learning effect
lease agreement
lease
[SNA93]
leaseback
leased goods
[BPM5]
least advanced countries

LACs
least developed countries
LDCs
Least developed countries Fund for Climate Change
[IBRD]
LDC
least squares fit
Page566
English
Arabic
least squares regression
least squares regression analysis
least-squares estimate
LSE
leave without pay
left-hand term
[of an equation]
legacy assets
legacy currency
legal and regulatory framework
Legal Department
[IMF]
LEG
legal framework for the treatment of foreign investment
legal obligor
legal tender
legal currency
Page567
English
Arabic
legally binding contract

Legislative Guide on Insolvency Law
[UNCITRAL]
lemma
lend and forgive cycle
lender
lender of last resort

LOLR
LLR
lender of record
lending capacity
lending funds
loanable funds
lending into arrears policy
[IMF]
Page568
English
Arabic
lending into arrears

LIA
lending minus repayments by function
[GFS 1986]
lending minus repayments
[GFS 1986; GFSY; IFS]
lending rate
loan rate
length-of-voyage problem
less developed countries
LDCs
less indebted low-income country
LILIC
lessee
lessor
letter of appointment
[IMF]
Letter of Intent
[IMF]
LOI
Page569
English
Arabic
letter of transmittal
cover letter
cover note
level playing field
level the playing field
level-based surcharge
[IMF]
level-based interest surcharge
leveling off
leverage
leverage (of an observation)
( )
latent influence
leverage covenant
leveraged buyout
LBO
leveraged takeover
Page570
Arabic
English
leveraged investment
geared investment
leveraged loan
leveraged loan market
leveraged management buyout

LMBO
leveraged position
leveraged, highly
levy charges
levy
][GFS 1986; SNA93
liabilities constituting foreign authorities' reserves

][BPM5; IFS
)LCFAR(s
reserve liabilities
Page571
liability
English
Arabic
liability holdings
liabilities
liability insurance
liability management
liability operation
liability-generating occurrence
liberalization
liberalization of the capital account

[IMF]
capital account liberalization
Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam

[LKA]
LTTE
Tamil National Army
Liberian Bank for Development and Investment

[Liberia]
LBDI
Libor-OIS spread

(OIS)
Page572
English
Arabic
Librarian, Chief
[IMF-TGS]
Librarian, Senior
[IMF-TGS]
Library and Documents Unit
[INS/AV/IF/LI]
Library Client Services Section
[TGS/DI/LC]
Library Operations Section
[TGS/DI/LO]
license asset
licensing round
[petroleum industry]
lien
[BPM5]
life annuity
life cycle hypothesis

life cycle theory
( )

Page573
English
Arabic
life expectancy at birth
expectation of life at birth
life expectancy
[BPM5]
life-cycle cost
[procurement]
LCC
life-cycle-permanent-income hypothesis
LC-PIH
lifetime income
lighterage
[BPM5]
likelihood function
likelihood ratio test

[statistics]
likelihood
[statistics]
limit order
) (
[stock exchange; FSIG]

limited order
Page574
English
Arabic
limited partner
silent partner
sleeping partner
limited partnership
limited liability partnership
limited recourse financing
limiting clause
Lindeberg condition
line ministry
[budget]
line department
line agency
line of credit
credit line
linear constraint
linear correlation
linear correlation coefficient
linear equation
Page575
English
Arabic
linear estimation
[regression]
linear estimation, theory of
linear estimator
linear filter
linear hypothesis
linear process
linear programming
linear regression line

linear regression
regression line
line of best fit
line of closest fit
trend line
linear relationship
linear trend
linearity
linearization
Page576
English
Arabic
line-item budget
line-item budgeting
line-item appropriation
link relative
chain relative
linkage
linked deals
linked price series
)(
[CPI]
liquid asset
liquid asset requirement

LAR
liquid requirement
liquid assets to short-term liabilities
[FSIG]
liquid liability
[IFS]
liquid market
Page577
English
Arabic
liquid yield option note
LYON
liquidating dividend
[BPM5]
liquidation of the Fund
[IMF, Articles of Agreement]
liquidation period
[accounting]
liquidation
winding up
winding down
liquidator
liquidity
liquidity constraint
liquidity crunch
money crunch
liquidity effect
[debt]
service effect
Page578
English
Arabic
liquidity event
exit strategy
liquidity facility
liquidity forecasting
[monetary policy]
liquidity gap risk

liquidity mismatch risk
mismatch risk
liquidity injection
liquidity loan
liquidity management
[GFSM]
liquidity control
liquidity of Fund resources
[IMF]
liquidity overhang
excess liquidity
monetary overhang
liquidity portfolio
liquid asset portfolio
Page579
English
Arabic
liquidity position
[IMF]
liquidity preference
liquidity premium
liquidity ratio
[IMF]
liquidity risk
[securities settlement systems; public debt management;

FSIG]
liquidity squeeze
liquidity crisis
liquidity support operations
liquidity transformation
liquidity trap
money trap
liquidity/asset ratio
liquid assets to total assets

liquid asset ratio
liquified natural gas
LNG
Page580
English
Arabic
liquified petroleum gas

LPG
LPG gas
Lisbon agenda
[EU]
Lisbon Strategy
[EU]
list price
[BPM5]
listed security
quoted security
listed stock
listing of securities
livelihood
livestock
LLoyd-Moulton index
loan

( )
Page581
English
Arabic
Loan Administration Change Initiative
LACI
loan agreement
loan backed by gold
loan claim
loan classification
loan commitment
loan drawings
loan effectiveness
[ADB]
loan loss charges at banks
loan loss provision

[FSIG]
allowance for loan losses
loan loss provisioning
loan provisioning
Page582
English
Arabic
loan loss reserve
loan loss
loss
loan mix
loan pass-through certificate

[IBRD]
loan portfolio
loan resources
loan swap
loan turndown
loan vintage
loan-loss recognition
loans and receivables
loans minus repayments
loan-to-value ratio
LTV ratio
Page583
English
Arabic
local currency clause

[Paris Club]
local government
[GFSM; SNA93]
localization economies
economies of location
locally estimated sums of squared regression
LOESS
locational international banking statistics

[BIS]
locational banking statistics
[BIS; Debt Guide, 1993; External Debt Statistics: Guide for

locational statistics
[BIS]
locational basis
locational survey
lock in reform, to
lockbox
locked-in price
[options]
locked-in rate
Page584
English
Arabic
log scale
logarithmic mean
logarithmic regression
logit regression
logarithms, common system of
logistic banknotes stock
logistic banknotes
log-likelihood
log-normal distribution
log-rank test
Lombard credit
Lombard facility
Lombard rate
London Approach
London club
Page585
English
Arabic
London Interbank Bid Rate
LIBID
London Interbank Mean Rate
LIMEAN
London interbank offered rate

LIBOR
London International Financial Futures Exchange
LIFFE
London Metal Exchange
LME
London terms
[Paris Club; Debt Guide, 1993; External Debt Statistics: Guide

for Compilers and Users, 1993]
long- and medium-term debt
LMT debt
long bank
Long Collegium
[IMF]
long end of the market
Page586
English
Arabic
long position
Long Term Capital Management
LTCM
long term residential care
long/short fund
longevity risk
longitudinal study
[statistics]
long-maturities option

long-term
long-term bond yields
long-term capital
long-term debt ratio
Page587
English
Arabic
long-term external debt

long-term interest rate
long-term rate
long-term trend
long-term unemployed
Look East policy
loophole
Los Cabos Action Plan

Los Cabos Growth and Jobs Action Plan
Los Cabos G20 Summit

Los Cabos Summit
Los Cabos Growth and Jobs Action Plan
loss function
loss given default
[debt]
LGD
Page588
English
Arabic
loss-sharing agreement
loss sharing rule
( )
low access (to Fund resources)
low access PRGF arrangements
low case lending scenario
[World Bank, CAS]
low frequency data
[statistics]
low-cost housing
lower bound
lower-level substitution bias
[CPI]
lower-middle-income country
LMIC
lowest responsive bid
[procurement]
lowest responsive bidder
low-income country under stress
LICUS
Page589
English
Arabic
low-income country
LIC
low-inflation country
loyalty scheme
( )
Lucas Paradox
lump sum payment

lump sum
Lump Sum Turn-Key contract
LSTK contract
lumpiness
lumpy investment
Lusophone African countries
Portuguese-speaking African countries
Lyon terms
Lyons terms
Macaulay duration
Page590
English
Arabic
machinery and equipment
[GFSM; SNA93]
macro fund
macro risk factors
macro stress testing
macro-critical issue
macrocritical structural reforms
macroeconomic balance approach
macroeconomic balance exchange rate
MBER
Macroeconomic Imbalance Procedure
MIP
macroeconomic management
macroeconomic model
Macroeconomic Studies Division
[RES/MT]
macroeconomics
Page591
English
Arabic
macro-financial linkage
macrofinancial linkages
Macro-Financial Linkages Unit
[RES/...]
macrofinancial stability
macrofiscal management coordination
macroprudential
macroprudential analysis
macroprudential indicator
MPI
macroprudential policy
macroprudential regulation
macroprudential risk
macroprudential tools
mad cow disease
bovine spongiform encephalopathy

BSE
Page592
English
Arabic
Maghreb
Maghreb Permanent Consultative Committee
CPCM
Magnetic Ink Character Recognition line
MICR line
Mail Center
[IMF-SEC]
mail merge
main heading
main refinancing operation
[ECB]
MRO
Mainland China
China: The Mainland
China, P.R.: Mainland
mainstream, to
( ..)
( ..)
mainstreaming
( ..)
( ..)
Page593
English
Arabic
maintenance
maintenance call
[stock exchange]
margin call
maintenance margin
[capital market]
maintenance of value obligation
[IMF]
maintenance of value
[IMF]
major borrowers
major classifications
[BPM5]
major industrial countries
major oil exporters
majority action clause
[debt]
majority creditor
[London Club]
majority enforcement provision
Page594
English
Arabic
majority ownership
[corporations]
majority interest
majority control
controlling interest
majority restructuring provision
Making the Global Economy Work for Everyone
maladjustment
managed float
dirty float
managed floating with no predetermined path for the exchange
rate
managed rate
managed trade
Management Assessment Center
[IMF-IBRD]
MAC
management consultant
Page595
English
Arabic
Management Development and Assistance Section
[ADM/SD/MD]
MDA
Management Development Center
[IMF-HRD]
MDC
Management Development Programme
[UNDP]
Management Development Section
[HRD/SD/MD]
management fee
[securities]
Management Implementation Plan
MIP
management information system
MIS
management letter
[IMF]
management representation letter
representation letter
Management
[IMF]
Page596
English
Arabic
Manager of the Visitors' Center
managerial accounting
management accounting
managing director
[IBRD]
Managing Director
[IMF-OMD]
MD
Managing Director, Acting
[IMF-OMD]
Managing Director, Temporary Acting
[IMF-OMD]
Managing Director's Speech
[IMF document series; MD/SP/...]
mandated expenditures
mandatory spending
direct spending
mandatory prepayment clause
[London Club]
mandatory repurchase
[IMF]
Page597
English
Arabic
mandatory rescheduling
compulsory rescheduling
mandatory separation
man-day
staff-day
person-day
man-hour
staff-hour
manipulate exchange rates, to
[AA]
Mano River Union
Manual on Fiscal Transparency (2007)
()
[IMF]
Manual on Fiscal Transparency
[IMF]
Manual on Statistics of International Trade in Services
[UN]
manufactured goods
manufactures
Page598
English
Arabic
Manufactures Export Unit Value Index
Manufactures Unit Value Index

MUV Index
manufacturing industry
manufacturing sector
manufacturing
many
[IMF]
man-year
staff-year
person-year
margin
margin account
margin financing
margin interest
margin requirement
margin trade
margin trading
Page599
English
Arabic
marginal borrower
marginal cost
marginal cost pricing
marginal distribution
[statistics]
marginal effective tax rate

METR
marginal income tax rate

personal income tax bracket
marginal lending facility
[Eurosystem]
marginal product
marginal physical product
marginal propensity to consume
marginal propensity to save
marginal rate of tax

[taxation]
marginal reserve requirement

MRR
Page600
English
Arabic
marginal revenue product of capital
MRPK
marginal
margin, at the
marginalization
social alienation
margins of slack
Marine Spatial Planning
)(

MSP
Maritime Division
markdown
marked-to-model
marker crude
[petroleum]
market abuse
market access countries
market access overall trade restrictiveness index
MA-OTRI
Page601
English
Arabic
market borrowers
market breadth
market capitalization
[enterprises]
market cap
MCAP
market clearing price

clearing price
market clearing
market clearance
market concentration
market discipline
market disruption
market economy
market-oriented economy
market efficiency
market failure
Page602
English
Arabic
market financing
market firming up
market forces
market fragmentation
market glut
market gold sales
market imperfection
market information systems based on rural radio and short
messaging systems
market injury
[GATT]
market integrity
market intelligence
market jitters
market maker
Page603
English
Arabic
market making
market making facility
market meltdown
market neutrality
market niche
market portfolio
market power
market price
market price equivalent
market producer
market promotion
market pull
market rate
Page604
English
Arabic
market related
market oriented
market based
market run-down
market run-up
market saturation
market SDR
market segmentation
market sentiment
market share
market sharing arrangement
market size
market stress
Page605
Arabic
English
market terms
commercial terms
hard terms
conventional terms
conventional market terms
Page606
market tightness
market timing
market turnover
market yield
marketable good
market-based approach
market-based debt reduction
market-friendly policy
market-oriented policy
marketing asset
English
Arabic
marketing board
marketing facilities
marketing channels
market-related price
market-related terms
[lending]
Markets in Financial Services Directive
[EU]
MiFID
market-sensitive information
market-sensitive data
marking to market
marks of origin
[GATT]
mark-to-market loss
mark-to-market
mark a position to market
mark to the market
MTM
Page607
English
Arabic
markup
mark-up
[SNA93]
Marshall Edgeworth price index

Edgeworth price index
Mashreq
Arab Mashreq
mass media
media
[BPM5]
master file
master repurchase agreement
master sample
matched currency position
matched index
matching grant
[public finance]
matching
comparison
checking
Page608
English
Arabic
material injury
[GATT]
materiality
[BPM6]
materially noncompliant
[BIS]
matrix calculus
matrix management
multiple channel management
matrix notation
matrix
[SNA93]
mature market
mature stabilizer
mature technology
mature
[finance]
maturity date
maturity
Page609
English
Arabic
maturity distribution
maturity breakdown
maturity profile

maturity structure
repayment profile
maturity extension program
MEP
maturity mismatch
maturity gap
maturity period
[Paris Club]
maturity transformation
maximum access entitlement
[IMF]
maximum likelihood
maximum likelihood method
[statistics]
Page610
Arabic
English
maximum potential loss method
]Compilers and Users, 1993
maximum-capital-expenditures covenant
MDG Africa Steering Group

][UN
MDRI-I Trust
MDRI-II Trust
Page611
mean absolute error
mean deviation
mean point
mean square
mean square deviation
mean value
means of payment
means tested benefit
English
Arabic
means-tested assistance
mean-variance analysis
mean-variance framework analysis
measure of central tendency
regression line
measure of dispersion
measure of location
measure of skewness
measure of variability
measurement bias
Mechanism for Conflict Prevention, Management and Resolution
OAU Mechanism for Conflict Prevention, Management and

Resolution
Media Relations Division
[EXR/MR]
median
[statistics]
Page612
English
Arabic
Medicaid
(Medicaid)
[USA]
Medical Benefits Plan
[IMF]
MBP
Medicare
(Medicare)
[USA]
Mediterranean Action Plan
( )
[UNEP, environment]
medium crude (oil)
[petroleum]
medium of exchange
Medium Term Development Framework
MTDF
medium-term budgetary framework
MTBF
medium-term debt strategy
MTDS
medium-term expenditure framework
MTEF
Page613
English
Arabic
medium-term financial assistance
[EC]
MTFA
medium-term financing facility
medium-term instrument
[IMF]
medium-term interest rate
medium-term rate
medium-term loan
medium-term strategy
MTS
Meetings Arrangements Unit
[SEC/OP/MA]
member country
[IMF]
member
[IMF]
member in deficit
member in surplus
[AA]
Page614
English
Arabic
membership dues
membership fees
membership resolution
[IMF]
membership
[IMF]
memorandum account
memorandum entry
memorandum item
memorandum for files
memorandum of understanding
[IMF]
MOU
Memorandum on Economic and Financial Policies

[IMF]
MEFP
menu approach
[debt]
menu item
[debt]
Page615
English
Arabic
mercantilism
merchandise trade
merchanting
commodities arbitrage
merger
[enterprises]
mergers and acquisitions

[enterprises]
merit good
merit increase
Metadata Common Vocabulary
MCV
metadata
[EBBS; BPM6]
method of differences
method of moments
Page616
English
Arabic
methodological soundness
[DQAF]
Methodology for Assessing Compliance with Anti-Money
Laundering and Combating the Financing of Terrorism Standard
metropolitan currency
[AA]
Mexico/Latin Caribbean Division

[WHD/ML]
mezzanine financing
[IFC]
mezzanine capital
mezzanine investment
mezzanine loan
MIC report
Report of The Working Group on Enhancing World Bank Support

to Middle-Income Countries
Michigan Model of World Trade and Production
microcredit
microlending
microeconomics
microfinance institution
MFI
Page617
English
Arabic
microprudential regulation
Middle East and Central Asia Department

[IMF]
MCD
Middle East and Central Asia Economic Outlook
Middle East and Central Asia Regional Division

[MCM/R4]
Middle East and North Africa Financial Action Task Force

MENAFATF
Middle East and North Africa region

MENA region
MENA countries
MENA
Middle East Division/Area
MCD
Middle East Technical Assistance Center
[IMF]
METAC
Middle East/North Africa Economic Summit
MENA
Middle Eastern Department
[IMF]
Page618
English
Arabic
Middle Eastern Division
[INS/MS]
Middle Eastern oil exporters
middle office
middle rate
midpoint rate
[BPM5]
middle-income countries
[World Bank]
MIC countries
MICs
middle-income country under stress
MICUS
middle-income trap
midpoint spot rate
[BPM5]
mid-point
midpoint
midstream
mid-term baseline scenario
Page619
English
Arabic
midterm review
[IMF programs]
midyear review
[IMF]
migrants' effects
[BPM5]
migrants' remittances
[SNA93]
migrants' transfers
[BPM5]
migration analysis
milestones
( )
[UN]
Millennium 5 Summit
United Nations Summit Conference on Implementing the

Millennium Declaration
Millennium Africa Renaissance Program
Millennium Program for the Renaissance of Africa
Millennium Challenge Account
[USA]
MCA
Page620
English
Arabic
Millennium Challenge Corporation
Millennium Development Goals

MDG
Millennium Round of Multilateral Trade Negotiations

Millennium Round
millions of tons of coal equivalents
MTCE
mineral deposits
mineral exploration
mineral exporters
mineral fuels
mineral rent
mineral rights
minimum acceptable bid

stop-out price
cut-off price
Page621
English
Arabic
minimum bid rate
[Eurosystem]
main refinancing rate
minimum efficient scale
MES
minimum export requirement
minimum living wage
minimum national social data set
MNSDS
minimum terms
minimum variance estimator
minimum viable production
[GATT]
MVP
minimum wage
minimum wage in industry
mining
mining and mineral resources, manufacturing, and construction
[GFSY]
Page622
English
Arabic
minority creditor
minority interest
non-controlling interest
minus infinity
minutes
misalignment
misallocation of resources
misinvestment
mismatch ratio
misreporting
[IMF]
misselling
mission chief
[IMF]
mission head
head of mission
chief of mission
Page623
English
Arabic
mission creep
[IMF]
mission report
[IMF]
misspecification, model
mitigation
mixed economy
mobile equipment
[BPM5]
mobility
Mobilizing Financing for Development
[IMF, WB]
modal tariff
[customs]
mode
[statistics]
moderately indebted low-income country
MILIC
Page624
English
Arabic
moderately indebted middle-income country
MIMIC
Modern Portfolio Theory

MPT
portfolio theory
modified accrual accounting
modified cash accounting
Modigliani-Miller Theorem
module
moment
[mathematics]
momentum trader
positive feedback trader
MONA database
monetarism
monetary aggregate anchor

monetary aggregate
M1, M2, etc.
(MONA)
Page625
English
Arabic
Monetary and Capital Markets Department
MCM
Monetary and Exchange Affairs Department
[IMF]
MAE
Monetary and Exchange Policy Analysis Division
[MAE/ME]
Monetary and Exchange Policy Review Division
Monetary and Exchange Regimes Division
[MCM/ME]
Monetary and Financial Statistics Manual
MFSM
Monetary and Financial Systems Department
[IMF]
MFD
Monetary and Foreign Exchange Operations Division
Monetary and Forex Operations Division
monetary approach
[BOP]
monetary asset
monetary authorities
Page626
English
Arabic
monetary authorities subsector
monetary board
monetary conditions index
MCI
monetary control
monetary depth
monetary dominance
monetary easing
easing of monetary policy
monetary economics
monetary economy
monetized economy
monetary erosion
monetary financing
monetary financing of the public sector deficits
monetary flow
Page627
English
Arabic
monetary gold
monetary gold stock
monetary income
monetary institution
monetary management
Monetary Management/Central Banking Division
Monetary Operations Division
monetary policy
monetary policy framework
monetary reserves
monetary standard
money standard
monetary survey
[IFS]
monetary target
money supply target
Page628
English
Arabic
monetary targeting strategy

intermediate monetary targeting
monetary targeting
monetary theory
monetary tightening
tight monetary policy
tightening
monetary restraint
monetary stringency
tight money
tight money policy
transmission of monetary policy impulses
Monetary Union index of consumer prices
monetary transmission
MUICP
Monetary Union Member States
MUMS
Monetary Union of Equatorial Africa
monetary veil
veil of money
monetization
Page629
English
Arabic
monetization of gold
monetization of government debt

monetization of the deficit
monetization of the economy
money
money and banking statistics
[IMF]
money creation
money destruction
money growth rule
money illusion
money income
nominal income
Page630
English
Arabic
money laundering reporting officer
[money laundering]
MLRO
money laundering
ML
Money Market Investor Funding Facility
MMIFF
money market mutual fund shares
[USA]
MMMF shares
money market mutual fund

MMMF
money market fund

MMF
money market
[FSIG]
money multiplier
money order
[SNA93]
MO
money rate
[interest]
Page631
English
Arabic
Money Service Businesses
[U.S.]
MSBs
money supply
[SNA93]
supply of money
M
money stock
stock of money
Money Transfer Operator
money transfer operator

[migrant remittances]
MTO
money wage
nominal wage
money(, in the)
[options]
money-creating sector
[EU monetary statistics]
money-holding sector
money-issuing sector
Page632
English
Arabic
moneyness
money-neutral sector
Monitoring Policy Unit
monitoring system
[IMF]
monitoring process
monoline insurer
monopolistic competition
imperfect competition
monopolization
monopoly
monopoly power
monopoly rent
monopsony
monotonic relationship
[statistics]
Page633
English
Arabic
Monte Carlo method

Monte Carlo simulation
Monterrey Consensus
Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer
[UNEP]
moonlighting
moral hazard
moral suasion
suasion
jawboning
window guidance
WG
moratory interest
[Paris Club]
moratorium interest
morbidity rate
more focused Fund
mortality
mortality rate
Page634
English
Arabic
mortgage
mortgage bank
mortgage credit institution
mortgage company
mortgage loan
mortgage rate
mortgage redemption
mortgage replacement loan
mortgage servicer
mortgage servicing rights
MSR
mortgage underwriting fees
underwriting fees
mortgage-backed security

MBS
mortgagee
Page635
English
Arabic
mortgager
mortgagor
mortgage-related structured products
most efficient estimator
most favored nation clause
[Paris Club]
MFN clause
most immediately impacted countries
[IBRD]
MIICs
MIIs
most seriously affected countries
[UN]
MSAs
most
[IMF]
most-favored-nation treatment, general
motor vehicle tax

Motor Vehicle Property Tax
movable tangible assets
moving average
Page636
English
Arabic
moving peg
[exchange rates]
MSCI
MSCI Emerging Markets Index
Mudarabah certificate
[islamic banking]
investment deposit certificate
Mudarabah
[Islamic banking]
multicollinearity
[statistics]
multicountry balance of payments summation
Multi-Country Demobilization and Reintegration Program

[Africa]
MDRP
Multi-Country HIV/AIDS Program for Africa

MAP
multicurrency loan
multicurrency peg
multicurrency pegging
Page637
English
Arabic
multi-currency reserve system
Multidonor Technical Assistance Subaccount for Iraq
Multidonor Trust Fund for Demobilization and Reintegration for the

Great Lakes Region
[IBRD]
multifactor productivity
MFP
Multilateral Agreement on Investment

[OECD-EU]
MAI
multilateral clearing arrangements

[GMBS]
multilateral consistency constraint

[IMF]
multilateral consultation on global imbalances
multilateral credit line
multilateral creditor
multilateral currency union
Multilateral Debt Relief Initiative
MDRI
Page638
English
Arabic
multilateral development bank
MDB
Multilateral Exchange Rate Model
[IMF]
MERM
Multilateral Framework on Investment
[UNCTAD]
MFI
Multilateral Guarantee Fund
[EC]
Multilateral Investment Fund
[IDB]
MIF
Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency
[World Bank Group]

MIGA
multilateral netting
multilateral safeguard system
multilateral settlement
multilateral surveillance
Page639
English
Arabic
Multilateral Surveillance Unit
[RES/AI/MS]
multilateral system of payments
multilateral trade agreement
[WTO]
MTA
multilateral agreement
[WTO]
multilateral trade negotiations
MTN
Multilateral Trade Organization
MTO
Multimedia Services Division
multinational enterprise
transnational enterprise
Multinational Programming and Operational Center
MULPOC
multi-option financing facility
MOFF
multi-option facility
MOF
Page640
English
Arabic
multi-phase sampling
multiple component facility
[banking]
multiple correlation coefficient
multiple currency practice

multiple exchange rate practice
multiple effective exchange rate
multiple exchange rate system

multiple rate system
multiple exchange rates
split exchange rates
multiple factor analysis
MFA
Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey
MICS
multiple of quotas
[IMF]
multiple official exchange rates
[BPM6]
multiple price auction
Page641
English
Arabic
multiple regression
multiplier
multiplier effect
multiproduct firm
multipurpose bank
multiservice bank
multiple bank
all-purpose bank
universal bank
multipurpose survey
multiregion econometric model

[IMF]
MULTIMOD econometric model
multisector regulatory agency

MRA
multisectoral mission
multisectoral statistics mission

( )
[IMF-STA]
multitopic mission
multisectoral statistical advisor
multi-stage sampling
Page642
English
Arabic
multivariate
multivariate analysis
multivariate time series
MTS
multiyear arrangements
[BOP]
multiyear debt rescheduling arrangement

[Paris Club]
MYRA
multiyear rescheduling arrangement

multiyear debt rescheduling agreement
multiyear debt rescheduling
multiyear rescheduling agreement
multiyear pledge
Mundell-Fleming model
municipal bond
muni
municipality
Murabaha
[Islamic banking]
Page643
English
Arabic
murky protectionism
Musharakah
[Islamic banking]
Mustapha Pasha loan

Pasha loan
mutual accountability
shared responsibility
Mutual Aid and Loan Guarantee Fund of the Entente Council
[Council of the Entente]
mutual legal assistance
mutual savings bank

MSB
mutuality of interests
mutually exclusive
mutually supporting measures
myopia
Nagorno-Karabakh
((
[UN]
Page644
English
Arabic
naive forecasting model

naive model
naked short sale

naked shorting
name lending
naming and shaming
Naples terms
narrow market leadership
narrowly defined money supply

narrow money
transaction money
Nash equilibrium
national accounting
national accounts
National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotations
( )
system
[USA]
Nasdaq
Page645
English
Arabic
National Association of Securities Dealers
NASD
national bias
National Capacity Assessments
NCAs
National Central Bank
[EU]
NCB
National Commission on Fiscal Responsibility and Reform

[USA]
Fiscal Responsibility and Reform Commission
Fiscal Commission
FC
national consolidation
[MPI]
national descriptor
[GDDS]
National Development Plan
NDP
National Economic Empowerment and Development Strategy
[NGA]
NEEDS
national estimates
Page646
English
Arabic
National Forestry Action Plan

[IBRD]
NFAP
national frontiers
[BOP]
national heritage
heritage assets
[AUS]
National Household Survey Capability Program
[UN]
national income
National Petroleum Commission
[SDN]
national poverty assessment
[IBRD]
national presentation
[BPM5]
national product
National Summary Data Page
[SDDS]
NSDP
Page647
English
Arabic
national supervisors
[FSIG]
National Technical Cooperation Assessment and Programs
[UN]
NATCAP
national treatment
[GATT]
National Union for the Total Independence of Angola
( )
UNITA
national wealth
national worth
Nationality of Focus initiatives

NoF initiatives
natural disaster, assistance in case of
[IMF]
natural hedge
natural person
individual
natural rate of growth
Page648
English
Arabic
natural rate of unemployment

nonaccelerating inflation rate of unemployment
NAIRU
normal unemployment rate
full-employment unemployment rate
warranted unemployment rate
natural resource based product

[GATT]
Natural Resource Management and Conservation Project

[IDA]
natural unwinding of the inventory cycle
naturally occurring assets
NBER Business Cycle Dating Committee
near abroad, (countries of) the
[Russian Federation]
near market interest rates
near-program
negative amortization
negative correlation
( )
Page649
English
Arabic
negative covenant
restrictive covenant
negative equity
negative externality
external diseconomy
negative goodwill
[FSIG]
negative pledge clause

[London Club]
covenant of equal coverage
negative semi-definite matrix
negative semi-definite
nonpositive definite matrix
nonpositive definite
negotiable order of withdrawal account
[USA]
NOW account
negotiable security
marketable security
negotiated dealing system
[Reserve Bank of India]
Page650
English
Arabic
Negotiating Group on Agriculture
[GATT]
negotiations on nonagricultural market access
[WTO; Doha Round]

NAMA
neighborhood
[mathematics]
neoclassical economics
neoclassical growth theory
neoclassical model
neoclassical theory
net against each other

[BPM5]
net asset value

NAV
net asset value per share
net borrowing
net borrowing country

net borrower
Page651
English
Arabic
net capital flows

NCF
net capital formation
net cash basis
net cash income
net cash settlement payment
net creditor country
net creditor position
net credit position

net cumulative allocation
net current revenue
NCR
net debit position

net debtor country
net debtor fuel exporter
Page652
English
Arabic
net debtor position
net disbursement
net domestic assets

NDA
net domestic product

NDP
net earnings
[accounting]
net equity
net equity of household in life insurance and pension funds
net errors and omissions
net E&O
net exporting country

net exporter
net exports
net external debt position

Page653
English
Arabic
net factor income
net financial wealth position
[GFSM 2001]
net foreign assets

NFA
net foreign liability position
net importing country
net importer
net income
[IMF]
net incurrence of liabilities
net interest income
[FSIG; MPI]
net interest margin
NIM
net international reserves
NIR
net investment
Page654
English
Arabic
net lending
net lending country

net lender
net material product

NMP
net measurement of flows
net national income
NNI
net national product
NNP
net negative value
net of tax
net official holdings
net oil exporter
net oil importer
Page655
English
Arabic
net open forward position

[foreign exchange]
NOFP
net open position in equities to capital

[FSIG]
net open position in foreign exchange to capital

[FSIG]
net operating balance

[GFSM 2001]
net operating surplus
net operational income

[IMF]
net position
[MPI]
net positive value
net present value of debt

[HIPC Initiative]
NPV of debt
net present value of debt-to-export ratio

[HIPC Initiative]
/
/
NPV of debt-to-export ratio

PV/X
Page656
English
net present value of debt-to-fiscal revenue target
[HIPC Initiative]
Arabic
NPV of debt-to-fiscal revenue target
net present value

NPV
net recording
[BPM5]
net reserves indicator
net SDR charges
[IMF]
net settlement system

NSS
net settlement
net taker of funds
net worth of an economy

net worth
net wealth position

net wealth
Page657
English
Arabic
net worth
capital
net assets
owner equity
owners' equity
stockholder equity
equity
net yield
[securities]
net-back approach
netback pricing
[oil]
net-back price
netting
netting agreement
[securities settlement]
netting by novation
[individual debt]
network externalities
network effect
network industry
Page658
English
Arabic
networking
Neuro
neutrality of money
money neutrality
monetary neutrality
New Africa Initiative
New Arrangements to Borrow
[IMF]
NAB
new agreements to borrow
new classical macroeconomic model

new classical model
new commercial bank money
New Deal
New Deal on Global Food Policy
New Deal for a Global Food Policy
new economy
new income model
Page659
English
Arabic
New International Development Strategy
[UN]
New International Economic Order
NIEO
new money bond
NMB
new money facilities
new money
[London Club]
new credit
fresh money
New Partnership for Africa's Development
( )
NEPAD
new trade theory
New York commodity exchange
New York law
[international sovereign bonds]
New York Mercantile Exchange
( )
NYMEX
new-keynesian
Page660
English
Arabic
newly independent states
( )
NIS
newly industrialized Asian economies
newly industrialized country

NIC
newly industrialized economy

[IMF]
NIE
newly industrializing country

[IMF, OECD]
NIC
News and External Communications Division
[EXR/NE]
News Brief
[IMF document series; NB/...]

NB
Niger Basin Authority
NBA
ninja loan
NINJA
no income, no job, no asset

No-income no-job no-asset verification loan
NO ENGLISH TERM
Page661
English
Arabic
NO ENGLISH TERM FOUND

deconcentration
no income, no asset
NINA loan
no-income no-asset verification loan
noisy variable
no-load fund
Nomenclature for the Classification of Goods in Customs Tariffs

Customs Co-operation Council Nomenclature
CCCN
Brussels Tariff Nomenclature
)
(

()

BTN
Brussels Nomenclature
nominal
nominal anchor
[exchange policy; monetary policy]
nominal convergence
[EC]
nominal effective exchange rate index
NEER index
nominal effective exchange rate
NEER
Page662
English
Arabic
nominal fee
nominal price
nominal fiscal balance
nominal GDP
money GDP
current-price GDP
GDP at current prices
nominal GNP split
nominal income
nominal income target strategy

nominal income target
nominal interest rate

stated interest rate
nominal interest
nominal protection
nominal terms
in nominal terms
current terms
Page663
English
Arabic
nominal value
money value
par value
face value
denomination
nominee account
[money laundering]
nominee shareholder
nonaccelerating wage rate of unemployment

NAWRU
nonacceleration clause
nonaccrual loan
nonaccruing loan
problem loan
nonaccrual asset
nonaccrual credit
nonaccrual status, country on

nonaccrual country
nonagency securitized mortgage
nonautonomous pension fund
nonbank bank
near bank
Page664
English
Arabic
nonbank financial institution

NBFI
nonbank financial corporation
nonbank financing
nonbanks
nonborrowed reserves
own reserves
owned reserves
nonborrowing program
[IMF]
nonbudgeted expense
noncapital goods
noncash asset
noncash economy
noncash issuance (of government securities)
non-central distribution
( )
[statistics]
non-centrality parameter
[statistics]
Page665
English
Arabic
noncommercial position
noncommercial transaction
[BPM5]
noncompetitive bid
[securities auctions]
non-compliant
[BIS]
noncomplying disbursement
noncomplying purchase
[IMF]
nonconcessional terms
nonconcessionary flow
nonconcessional flow
nonconditional grant
unconditional grant
non-conforming mortgage
nonconvertible currency
Page666
English
Arabic
noncooperation
non-cooperative countries and territories
[money laundering]
NCCTs
non-cooperative country
[money laundering]
noncooperative country
[money laundering]
noncore bank
non-debt-generating flow
non-debt-creating flow
nondebt flow
nondedicated investor
crossover investor
nondeliverable forward contract
nondeliverable forward
nondurable good
nonearning asset
non-emerging market developing countries
nonenergy exports
Page667
English
Arabic
nonentitlement spending
nonequity financial flow
nonequity security
nonexcludable good
nonexclusive good
nonfactor inputs
nonfactor payments
nonfactor services
nonfiler
[taxation]
nonfinancial corporate and quasi-corporate enterprise sector
[GFS 1986]
nonfinancial intangible assets
nonfinancial intangibles
nonfinancial public enterprise

NPE
Page668
English
Arabic
nonfinancial public sector

[GFSM 2001; GMBS]
NFPS
nonfranc country
nonfuel commodities
nonfuel exporters
nonfuel primary products
nonfundamental self-fulfilling runs
nongold reserves
Non-governmental Liaison Service
[UN]
nongovernmental organization
NGO
nongovernmental sector
non-GSP product
[trade]
nonguaranteed suppliers credit
Page669
English
Arabic
non-income poverty
nonindustrial and incidental sales
[GFS 1986]
noninstitutional financial sector

informal financial sector
noninterest expenditure
[budget]
noninterest expenses
non-interest-bearing
noninvestment grade bond

[securities]
Non-Keynesian effects
expansionary fiscal consolidations
nonlabor cost
non-lending services
[IBRD]
NLS
nonlife insurance
[BOP]
Page670
English
Arabic
non-linear regression
nonlinear relationship
curvilinear relationship
nonmarket activity
nonmarket economy
nonmarketable financial obligation
[ECB]
nonmatching grant
[public finance]
nonmember country
[IMF]
nonmonetary capital
nonmonetary financial institution
nonmonetary gold
[BPM5; BPM6; GMBS]
nonmonetary international organization
Non-Monetary Union Member States
Non-MUMS
Page671
English
Arabic
nonnegotiable security
nonmarketable security
nonobservance
[IMF]
noncompliance
nonoil deficit
non-oil developing country
NODC
non-oil GDP
non-oil Middle Eastern country
non-oil primary producing country
nonparametric method
nonparametric model
nonparametric statistic
nonparticipating official creditor
[Paris Club]
nonparticipating preferred share
Page672
English
Arabic
nonperformance
[contracts]
nonperforming and restructured loans
nonperforming loan
[BPM6; FSIG]
NPL
nonperforming asset
[FSIG]
nonperforming credit
nonperforming loans net of provisions to capital
[FSIG]
nonperforming loans to total gross loans
[FSIG]
nonprofit
nonprofit institution
NPI
nonprofit organization
NPO
nonprofit body
nonprofit institutions serving households
NPISH
nonproject loan
nonproject lending
Page673
English
Arabic
nonproprietary
nonpublic sector
nonpublic utilities
non-reciprocal
nonrecourse financing
nonrecurrent expenditure
nonrecurrent expense
nonrecurrent outlay
nonrecurrent levies on property
[GFSY]
nonrecurrent revenue
nonrecurrent receipt
nonrecurrent income
nonrecurrent taxes on property
[GFSY]
nonreserve capital
[BPM5]
nonreserve claim
Page674
English
Arabic
nonreserve currencies
nonresidents
nonresource-intensive countries
[IMF]
nonretroactive country
[PRGF]
nonretroactive country cases
( )
)
(
nonrival good
nonsalary earner
non-sampling error
nonsense correlation
non-singular matrix
non-standard operations
nonstationarity
( )
[statistics]
non-stationary series
Page675
English
Arabic
nonsufficient funds
NSF
insufficient funds
nonsystematic risk
idiosyncratic risk
nontariff measure
nontariff
NTM
nontariff barrier
NTB
nontax revenue
[GFSY; GFSM]
nontradable goods
nontradables
nontraded good
nonvoting share
[corporations]
nonwage awards
nonwage income
nonwage labor costs
Page676
English
Arabic
Nordic Development Fund
NDF
norm for remuneration
[IMF]
normal distribution curve

bell curve
bell-shaped curve
Gaussian curve
normal probability curve
normal variable
normality
[statistics]
normalization
normalization rule
normalizing rule
normalize
[measurement]
normalized unit labor cost
normative economics
Page677
English
Arabic
North American Division
[WHD/NB]
North American Free Trade Agreement

NAFTA
North American Industry Classification System
NAICS
North Atlantic Treaty Organization
NATO
North Sea Offshore Authorities Forum
NSOAF
Northeastern Division
[EUR/NE]
Northern Division
[EUR/NO]
Northern I, II Division
()( )
[EUR/N1, N2]
Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation
[NOR]
NORAD
nostro account
due from foreign bank demand account

our balances with them
due from balances
Page678
English
Arabic
not applicable
n.a.
not available
n.a.
not elsewhere classified
[GFSM]
n.e.c.
not elsewhere specified
n.e.s.
not for public use

for internal use

[sometimes]
not included elsewhere
n.i.e.
not separately recorded
n.s.r.
note issuance facility

NIF
note purchase facility
note purchase agreement
NPA
notes
Page679
English
Arabic
notice of failure to fulfill obligations
[IMF]
notification system
notional
notional amount of a financial derivative contract

notional amount
notional bond
notional drawing right
[IMF]
notional government bond
notional institutional unit
notional unit
notional principal
notional amount
novation
Page680
English
Arabic
nth currency problem
N-1 exchange rate problem

N-1 exchange rate paradigm
nuisance tax
null and void
null hypothesis
null, the
numeraire
numerical analysis
[mathematics]
objective function
Objectives and Principles for Regulation of Securities
[IOSCO]
obligations regarding exchange arrangements
[AA]
obligor
obligator
obsolescence
aging
Page681
English
Arabic
obsolescing bargain
Occasional Paper
[IMF]
occupied territories
[West Bank and Gaza Strip]
OT
oceania
odd lot
odious debt
OECD Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of

Information for Tax Purposes
Global Forum on Tax Transparency and Exchange of Information
off-balance sheet liability
off-balance-sheet item
below-the-line item
off-balance-sheet account
off-budget transaction
off-budget activity
Page682
English
Arabic
office audit
desk audit
documentary audit
off-site supervision
off-site inspection
office automation
Office for Project Services
[UNDP]
Office for Special Relief Operations
OSRO
Office in Europe
[IMF]
PAR
Office in Geneva
[IMF]
GEN
Office Manager
[IMF]
Office of Budget and Planning
[IMF-OMD]
OBP
Office of Executive Directors
[IMF]
OED
Page683
English
Arabic
Office of Executive Secretary, Joint Development Committee

[IMF-OED]
DC
JDC
Office of Foreign Assets Control

OFAC
Office of Internal Audit and Inspection

[IMF-OMD]
OIA
Office of Internal Audit and Review

OIR
Office of Management and Budget

[USA]
OMB
Office of Secretariat Services for Economic and Social Matters
[UN]
Office of Technical Assistance Management
[IMF-OMD]
OTM
Office of the Deputy Managing Director
[IMF-OMD]
Office of the Director General for Development and International
Economic Co-operation
[UN]
Page684
English
Arabic
Office of the First Deputy Managing Director
[IMF-OMD]
Office of the Managing Director
[IMF]
OMD
officer in charge
Offices in Europe
...
[IMF]
EUO
official borrowers
official capital
official capital flows

official flows
official financial flows
official community
official creditor
official debt
Page685
English
Arabic
official development assistance
[Debt Guide, 1993; OECD]

ODA
official development bank

Official Development Finance
ODF
official ECU
official entity
official exchange rate
Official Financing Operations Division
[SPR/OC]
OFOD
official foreign exchange reserves
official foreign reserves
official holdings
official multilateral debt renegotiation
Page686
English
Arabic
official receiver in bankruptcy
[insolvency, UK]
receiver in bankruptcy
receiver
official sector involvement
OSI
official sector
[BPM5]
official settlement balance
official traveler
[BPM5]
official value
[customs]
posted value
administrative value
standard value
official
[SNA93]
officially guaranteed trade-related claims
officially supported export credit

Page687
English
Arabic
off-market transaction
[gold sales]
off-market gold sale
offset account
offset agreement
[trade]
offset
offsetability on the market
offsetting entry
[BPM5]
balancing entry
contra entry
offset
offsetting tax measures
offsetting transaction
offshorable
offshore
offshore bank
offshore deposit taker
Page688
English
Arabic
offshore banking center
offshore banking unit

( )
OBU
offshore cost
offshore financial center assessment report
OFC assessment report
Offshore Financial Center Program
offshore financial center

[BPM6; Debt Guide, 1993; BPM6 Annoted Outline; External
( )

Debt Statistics: Guide for Compilers and Users, 1993]

OFC
offshore financial market
Offshore Group of Banking Supervisors
OGBS
offshore platform
offshore processing industry

offshore enterprise
offshore processing
offshore assembly
Page689
English
Arabic
offshore production center
offshore shell branch
offshore trust
[trusts]
offshoring
off-the-run security
off-the-run issue
off-the-run
off-the-shelf product
[IT]
commercial off-the-shelf product

COTS
off-track
oil and natural gas

oil and gas
oil bill
oil country
Page690
English
Arabic
oil country tubular goods
OCTG
oil element
[CCFF]
Oil Facility
[IMF; IFS]
oil intensity
oil terminal
[oil and gas industry]
oil-exporting country
Okun's law
oligopoly
oligopsony
OLS model
[statistics]
Ombudsman
[IMF]
Ombudsperson
Page691
English
Omega Plan
Arabic
Omega Economic Plan for Africa

Omega Plan for Africa: an African Strategy for Globalization
Wade Plan
omitted transaction
[BPM5]
Omnibus (Trade) Law
)(
[USA]
on an annual basis
annualized basis, on an
full-year basis, on a
once-for-all transaction
one-crop economy
single-crop economy
one-off measures
one-quarter overlap technique
one-stop shop
one-stop window
Page692
English
Arabic
one-tailed test
[statistics]
one-sided test
single-tailed test
one-year budget rule

annuality
[IMF]
one-year FCC
[IMF]
onlending cost
on-lending of borrowed funds

onlending
online access
online course
[IMF-INS]
online information network
Online Registration System
[IMF]
onshore (oil) field
)(
Page693
English
Arabic
onshore bank
on-site description
on-site processing
on-the-job training
OJT
on-the-run security
on-the run issue

on-the-run
on-track
OPEC Fund for International Development
OPEC Fund
op-ed article
open book account
open budget initiative
open capital account
[IMF]
open economy
Page694
English
Arabic
open foreign exchange position
open general license (system)

OGL
open inflation
( )

open interest parity
uncovered interest parity

UIP
open interest
[futures]
open ITRS
[closed ITRS]
open-type ITRS
open lending policy
open market
open market operation
open market price
open outcry
callover
Page695
English
Arabic
open position
open repurchase agreement
open repo
Open Society Institute
OSI
open unemployment
open-bank assistance
open-end grant
[public finance]
open-end mutual fund

mutual fund
unit trust
[GBR]
open-end investment company

open-end investment trust
open-end investment fund
opening asset
opening liability
opening remarks
openness
Page696
English
Arabic
operating account
operating balance
operating profit or loss

operating position
operating budget
operating costs
[MPI]
operational costs
[MPI]
operating deficit
operating loss
operating earnings
operating profits
operational earnings
operational profits
operating income
[FSIG]
operational income
operating lease
operating leasing
operational lease
operational leasing
Page697
English
Arabic
operating liability
operating ratio
operating surplus
operating target
operation and maintenance
O&M
Operation Restore Hope
operation
[finance]
operational budget
[IMF]
operational charge
operational control
Operational Core Services Network
[IBRD]
OCSN
OCS Network
operational expenses
[IMF]
Page698
English
Arabic
operational fiscal balance

operational balance
Operational Guidelines for the Data Template on International

Reserves and Foreign Currency Liquidity
[IMF-STA]
operational risk
operational staff
[IMF]
operations account
[franc zone]
Operations and Maintenance Section

[TGS/DF/OM]
operations and management

O&M
Operations Division for General Resources
Operations Division for SDRs and Administered Accounts
Operations Division
[SEC/OP]
Page699
English
Arabic
Operations Evaluation Department
[WB]
OED
Operations Officer
operations research
O.R.
OR
opportunistic infections
opportunity cost
[SNA93]
opt back in
[SDR]
opt out
[SDR]
optimal currency area
[EMS]
OCA
optimum currency area
[EMS]
optimization of Fund reserve management
optimum search strategy
Page700
English
Arabic
option contract
option
option exchange
option price
option premium
option writer
writer of the option
option-adjusted duration
adjusted duration
optional tranche
[IMF]
options approach
order book
order check
check payable to order
order instrument
order paper
order of magnitude
Page701
English
Arabic
order statistics
order-driven market
auction market
order-driven system
orderly liberalization of capital movements
orderly marketing arrangement

OMA
orderly marketing agreement
orderly underlying conditions
[AA]
ordinary annuity
ordinary least squares
[statistics]
OLS
ordinary resources
[IMF]
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
OECD
Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development
[IMF]
Page702
English
Arabic
Organization for European Economic Co-operation

OEEC
Organization for International Economic Cooperation
Organization for International Economic Relations

IER
Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe

OSCE
Organization for the Development of the Senegal River

OMVS
Organization for the Harmonization in Africa of Business Law

OHADA
Organization of African Unity

OAU
Organization of American States

OAS
( )
Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries

OAPEC
Organization of Eastern Caribbean States

OECS
Organization of Latin American and Caribbean Supreme Audit

Institutions

()
Page703
English
Arabic
Organization of the Cooperatives of America
OCA
Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries
( )
OPEC
organizational chart
organization chart
organizational classification
organized financial derivatives exchange

organized exchange
origin claim
[Customs]
original HIPC Initiative
original issue discount bond
OID
original maturity

initial maturity
original member
[IMF]
original sin
Page704
English
Arabic
originate and hold model
O&H
originate to distribute model

[USA]
originate and distribute model

originate and distribute strategy
originating lender
originator
orthogonal hypothesis
orthogonal regression
other (monetary policy framework)
[ ]
other accounts receivable/payable, other
other conventional fixed peg arrangements
/
/

other debt liabilities

other depository corporations
ODC
Page705
English
Arabic
other enforceable means
[FATF Methodology]
other holder of SDRs
[IMF]
other import charges
[GFSY]
other primary product exporter
other taxes
[GFSM; GFSY]
Our Common Future

Brundtland Report
outbreak
outcomes-based conditionality
outflow of capital
capital outflow
outgoing chairman
outgoing official
outgoings
outlay(s)
Page706
English
Arabic
outlay overrun
[budget]
outlet rotation bias
outlet
[CPI]
outlier
[FSIG]
out-of-lineness
[IMF]
out-of-the-money option
[options]
outplacement assistance
output capacity
output gap
production gap
output
[SNA93]
product
[SNA93]
outputs and outcomes
Page707
English
Arabic
outreach program
[IMF]
outreach seminar
outreach session
outreach visit
outright (operation)
outright approval
outright gift
Outright Monetary Transactions
OMT
outright purchase
[IMF]
outside money
outsourcing
vendorization
contracting out
outstanding bonds
outstanding securities
[BPM5]
Page708
English
Arabic
outstanding borrowing
outstanding claim
outstanding debt
outstanding debt by type of debt holder
outstanding debt by type of debt instrument
outstanding drawings (on the Fund)
outstanding Fund credit

outstanding use of Fund credit
outstanding interest
outstanding liabilities
outstanding stock of liabilities
outstanding loans
outstanding obligation
outstanding public debt

outstanding government debt
outstanding purchases
( )
[IMF]
Page709
English
Arabic
outward direct investment
outward
outward investment
outward spillover
outward-looking policy
outward-oriented economy
outward-looking economy
outward-oriented growth strategy
outward-oriented strategy
export promotion strategy
export expansion strategy
outyear
[multiyear budgeting]
overall deficit
overall demand
overall fiscal balance

[GFSM 2001]
overall balance
[GFSM; IFS]
Page710
English
Arabic
overall primary balance

[GFSM 2001]
overall surplus
overall trade restrictiveness index
OTRI
overcoverage
overdraft
overdraft against collateral of securities
overdraft checking account
overdraft credit
( )
overdraft facility
overdrawn check
overdue
overdue country
[IMF]
Page711
English
Arabic
overdue financial obligation to the Fund

[IMF]
overdue financial obligation
overdue payment to the Fund
[IMF]
overdue repurchase
overestimate
overexposed bank
overexposure
overgrazing
overhang effect
[debt]
stock effect
overhead expenses
overhead
overhead costs
overheating
[economics]
overidentification, test of
Page712
English
Arabic
overidentified model
overindebtedness
overinvestment
overinvoicing
[BPM5]
overlap price
overnight credit
overnight loan
overnight money
overnight funds
overnight interest rate swap

overnight index swap
OIS
overnight security repurchase agreement
overpopulation
overrepresented countries
over-resourcing the IMF
Page713
English
Arabic
oversaving
Overseas Training Unit

[INS/AV/TR/OV]
oversee the international monetary system

[AA]
overshooting
oversight
oversight and surveillance role
Oversight Committee on Fraud or Corruption Involving World

Bank Staff
[World Bank]
Oversight Committee
[IMF]
overstaffing
overmanning
overemployment
oversubscription
Page714
Arabic
Page715
English
oversupply
excess supply
overt devaluation
overt subsidy
over-the-counter dealing
over-the-counter financial derivative

OTC financial derivative
over-the-counter market
OTC
over-the-counter option
OTC option
over-the-counter stock
over-the-year technique
overvaluation
overvalued currency
English
Arabic
overwhelming benefit of the doubt
own funds book value
OFBV
own resources
own saving
[GFS 1986]
own-account fixed capital formation
owners' equivalent rent

OER
ownership
ozone depleting substance
[UN]
ODS
Pacific Division
[WHD/PA]
Pacific Economic Cooperation Council
PECC
Pacific Financial Community
CFP
Page716
English
Arabic
Pacific Financial Technical Assistance Centre
PFTAC
Pacific island countries
PICs
Pacific Rim (countries)
package
Pacto de Toledo
((
[ESP]
paid-up capital
paid-in capital
paid-up shares
paid-up stock
full-paid stock
paintball attack
paint ball attack
paired accounts
paired values
pairwise correlation
[statistics]
Page717
English
Arabic
Palestine Liberation Organization

PLO
Palestine Monetary Authority
Palestinian Investment Fund
Palestinian National Authority

PNA
Palestinian Authority
PA
Palestinian-European Socio-Economic Management and

Assistance Mechanism
PEGASE
Palgrave index
Pan-American Coffee Bureau
PACB
Pan-American Health Organization
PAHO
pandemic
panel data
[statistics]
panel discussion
Page718
English
Arabic
panel expert
[IMF-FAD, MAE]
Panel of Experts on Developing Island Countries
panel regression
panel data regression
panel study
[statistics]
panel
expert panel
panic
paper currency
paper money
[BPM5]
paper loss
unrealized loss
book loss
paper
[finance]
par bond exchange

Page719
English
Arabic
par bond
par exchange
par value of currency

central parity
central parity rate
par value system
paradox of thrift
parallel contingency financing
parallel currency
parallel economy
parallel exchange market
parallel exchange rate
parallel financing facility
[Japan]
parallel financing
side financing
parallel market
[SNA93]
Page720
English
Arabic
parameter
parastatal
paratariff
paratariff measure
parent bank
parent company
parent corporation
parent enterprise
Pareto distribution
pari passu clause
[London Club]
Paris Agreement
Louvre Agreement
Paris Club Secretariat
Paris Club standards
Paris Club
[SNA93; Debt Guide 1993]
Paris Declaration on Aid Effectiveness
Page721
English
Arabic
Paris II
[Lebanon]
Paris Office
[IMF-EUR]
EUO/PA
parity
parity grid
grid of parities
grid
Parliamentary Network on the World Bank
[World Bank]
PNoWB
parsimonious conditionality
parsimony
principle of parsimony
partial correlation
partial correlation coefficient
partial crowding out
partial derivative (of x with respect to y)
[mathematics]
Page722
English
Arabic
partial dollarization
de facto dollarization
partial equilibrium theory
partial interest forgiveness
partial topping-up
participant
[IMF, SDR Department]
participating preferred share
participating preference share

[corporations]
participating share
participating stock
participation certificate
[BPM5]
participation fee
participation instrument
participative management
Page723
English
Arabic
participatory poverty assessment

[World Bank]
participatory process
participatory PRSP
[PRGF]
full participatory PRSP
partition function
Partner States of East African Community
partnership
Partnership for Capacity Building in Africa

[IBRD]
PACT
Partnership for Peace

[NATO]
Partnership for Sustainable Global Growth, Declaration on

[Interim Committee]
Partnership Group
[IBRD-PACT]
Partnership in Statistics for Development in the 21st Century

PARIS21
PARIS21 initiative
Page724
English
Arabic
part-time employment
part-time worker
Pascal distribution
negative binomial distribution
pass on
[lending]
passbook savings account

passbook account
passenger services
[BPM5]
passive management
pass-through basis, borrowing on a
pass-through certificate
pass-through security
pass-through of international prices
pass-through taxation
pass-through
shifting of tax
Page725
English
Arabic
past due interest

PDI
past due loan
patent
PATS Unit
[INS/AV/IF/PA]
Participant Applicant Tracking System Unit
pattern
pattern of trade
trade pattern
pay parity
payable upon proper identification
pay upon proper identification

PUPID
payable-through account
[money laundering]
pay-as-you-earn withholding
PAYE
Page726
English
Arabic
pay-as-you-go financing
[retirement; insurance]
PAYG
pay-as-you-earn financing
pay-as-you-go system
PAYG
unfunded system
unfunded pension plan
[Balance of Payments Manual - 5th edition]
unfunded retirement scheme
pay-as-you-go
[budget]
PAYGO
pay-back period
payee
paying agency
paying agent
paying bank
payment approach
payment arrears
[IMF]
arrears
payment in kind
Page727
English
Arabic
payment leads and lags
payment order
payment voucher
payment form
payments dollarization
payments restriction
payments system
payments-based accounting
payoff replication
portfolio replication
replication
pay-out ratio
payroll tax
payroll tax relief
Payroll Unit
[FIN/AX/PP/PA]
Page728
English
Arabic
payroll
[GFSM]
pay-through bond
PC banking
Peace Agreement
[UN]
peace dividend
Peace Pole
peace-loving nation
peak
peak pricing
peak load pricing
Pecking Order Theory of Financial Gearing
pecking-order model of financing choice
peer pressure
peer review
[Publications]
group review
Page729
English
Arabic
PEFA
Public Expenditure and Financial Accountability program

[IBRD]
peg a currency to
peg
[exchange rates]
pegged exchange arrangement

pegged exchange rate regime
pegged regime
currency peg
pegging
pegged exchange rate
pegged exchange rates within horizontal bands
penalty
penalty charge
[arrears]
penalty clause
penalty interest rate

penalty interest
penalty rate
Page730
English
Arabic
penalty rate
[fig.]
punitive rate
pending claim
outstanding claim
pending litigation
Penn effect
Penn World Tables
pension
pension and annuity services
[BPM5]
Pension and Tax Unit
[FIN/AX/PP/PT]
pension benefits
Pension Committee
[IMF]
PC
pension fund
[BPM5; BPM6; GFSM]
Page731
English
Arabic
pension parity adjustment system
pension plan
pension scheme
pension portability
portability
pension transferability
transferability
pensionable salary
pensionable wage
pent-up demand
per capita GDP
per capita growth
per capita
per head
per night allowance
[ ]

[IMF-HRD]
per diem
perceived risk
[FSIG]
percentage change
Page732
English
Arabic
percentage point
percentile
[statistics]
perfect capital mobility
perfect competition
perfect foresight model
perfect substitute
perfection
performance appraisal
performance evaluation
performance assessment
performance bond
performance budgeting system

performance-based budgeting
performance budgeting
performance budget
output budget
performance clause
Page733
English
Arabic
performance criterion
[IMF]
PC
performance indicators of public expenditure
performance of financial obligations
performance period
[HIPC]
performance shortfalls
performance test
[HIPC]
performance
[BPM5; GFSM]
performance-related contract
performance contract
management contract
development contract
performing loan
performing debt
period analysis
sequence analysis
Page734
English
Arabic
period of consent
[IMF quota increase]
period of consolidation
periodic charges
[IMF]
periodic component
periodic consultation
[IMF]
Periodic Monitoring Report
PMR
Periodicals Section
[ADM/JL/XP]
periodicity
[IMF-EBB]
periodogram
peripatetic mission
periphery countries
euro area periphery
permanent capital
Page735
English
Arabic
permanent debt
[BPM6]
Permanent Executive Committee of the Inter-American Council for
Education, Science, and Culture

[OAS]
CEPCIECC
Permanent Executive Committee of the Inter-American Economic
and Social Council

[OAS]
CEPCIES
permanent financing
permanent GDP
permanent income hypothesis

[consumption; saving]
Permanent Interstate Committee for Drought Control in the Sahel
permanent liquidity
[IMF]
Permanent Secretariat of the General Treaty on Central American
Economic Integration
SIECA
Page736
English
Arabic
perpetual bond
nonredeemable bond
nonmaturing bond
annuity bond
consol
[GBR]
perpetual floating rate note
perpetual inventory method
PIM
perpetual inventory system
Personal Assistant to the Managing Director
[IMF-OMD]
personal computer
PC
personal consumption expenditure

PCE
private consumption expenditure
personal effects
[BPM5]
personal property
personal exemption
[taxation]
personal allowance
Page737
English
Arabic
personal holding company

PHC
personal investment company

PIC
personal income tax
personal income
[macroeconomics]
personal property
[taxation]
personal savings
personal travel
[BOP]
Personnel Committee
[IMF]
Personnel Manager, Senior
[IMF]
SPM
Personnel Officer
Personnel Payments Section
[FIN/AX/PP]
perturbation (analysis)
Page738
English
Arabic
perverse effect
peso problem
pesoization
pesofication
pesification
petrodollar
phase out
phased debt operations
phasing clause
phasing of purchases
[IMF]
phasing
Phillips curve
Photographic and Digital Imaging Unit
[ADM/AS/GR/PH]
Photographic Unit
[TGS/DG/GR/PH]
Page739
English
Arabic
physical asset
real asset
tangible asset
physical capital
physical infrastructure
physical inspection
physical product
pie chart
piecemeal approach
piecemeal development
pierce the corporate veil
piggyback loan
Pigouvian tax
corrective tax
ecotax
PIGS countries
GIPS
Page740
English
Arabic
pink noise
pioneer industry
pipeline
[oil, gas]
pipeline, in the
place holder
[budget]
placement
[securities]
plain bond
plain vanilla asset-backed security

vanilla ABS
vanilla asset-backed security
Planning Commission
[TMP]
planning-programming-budgeting system
PPBS
program-based budgeting system
program budget
program budgeting
Page741
English
Arabic
plant and equipment
Plaza accord
Plaza agreement
pledge
( )
[BPM5]
pledged account
pledged asset
pledge
pledged gold
pledging conference
pledgor
plow back
plurilateral trade agreement
[WTO]
plurilateral agreement
[WTO]
point
point estimate
Page742
English
Arabic
point of valuation
point-in-time rating
PIT
point-source natural resources

point-source resources
point resources
Poland and Hungary Action for Restructuring of the Economy

PHARE
Ple-Dette
[BEAC/BCEAO]
Regional Debt Management Training Unit for Central Africa and
Western Africa
policies and practices of the IMF
policies and procedures of the Fund
policy
Policy and General Issues
[IMF-LEG]
policy Board paper
policy buffer
Page743
English
Arabic
Policy Communication Division
[EXR/PO]
policy coordination
Policy Development and Review Department
[IMF]
PDR
Policy Discussion Paper
[IMF document series; PDP/...]

PDP
policy framework paper
[IMF-IBRD]
PFP
Policy Implementation Committee
PIC
policy instrument
policy interest rate

policy rate
policy-related rate
policy issue
policy lag
Page744
English
Arabic
policy matrix
[PRSP]
policy mix
Policy Monitoring Arrangement
PMA
policy of restraint
policy on enlarged access to the Fund's resources

[IMF]
enlarged access policy

[IMF]
EAP
policy package
policy response
Policy Review Division
[SPR/PR]
PRD
policy statement
Policy Support Instrument
[IMF]
PSI
Page745
English
Arabic
policy traction
policy variable
policy-based guarantee
[IBRD]
policy-based lending
[IBRD]
policy loans
policy-induced distortion
policymaker
policymaking
political capture
political economy
political price
politically exposed person

PEP
polity
polity index
Page746
English
Arabic
polluter country
[environment]
pollution tax
polynomial
polynomial function
Pontifical Council for Justice and Peace
Ponzi game
Ponzi scheme
pooled cross-sectional analysis
[statistics]
pooled mean group estimation
[statistics]
pooled time series of cross sections
[statistics]
pooling arrangement
pooling of interests method
[accounting]
Page747
English
Arabic
population characteristics
[statistics]
population growth
population parameters
[statistics]
population pressure
demographic pressure
population pyramid
age pyramid
population
universe
port services
[BPM5]
portable document format
pdf
portable pension
portfolio
portfolio adjustment
Page748
Arabic
English
portfolio assets
portfolio balance approach

portfolio balance channel
Page749
portfolio capital
portfolio channel
portfolio choice
portfolio choice theory
portfolio composition
portfolio debt flow
portfolio equity flow
portfolio flow
portfolio insurance
portfolio investment
Portfolio Investment Survey
English
Arabic
portfolio management
portfolio optimization process
portfolio performance
[IBRD]
country portfolio performance
[IBRD]
portfolio shift
portfolio reshuffling
portfolio switching
Portugal, Ireland, Italy, Greece and Spain
GIIPS
PIIGS
Portuguese Section
[TGS/LC/LP]
position
position in the Fund

net Fund position
] [
] [
Fund position
position netting
position statement
Page750
English
Arabic
position trader
position trading
[futures]
swing trading
positive economics
positive externality
external economy
positive feedback loop
post [a debit or credit], to
) (
[accounting]
post adjustment
[UN]
post cut-off date
PCOD
Post SCA-2 Administered Account
post-activation review
[CCL]
postal money order
Page751
English
Arabic
postal savings bank
post-allocation distribution
[SDR]
Post-conflict and Natural Disaster Emergency Assistance Subsidy

Account
Post-Conflict Emergency Assistance Subsidy Account for PRGFeligible members
post-conflict country
post-conflict fund
[IBRD]
PCF
Post-Conflict Reconstruction Fund
[IBRD]
PCRF
post-conflict recovery
[post-conflict assistance]
post-conflict situation
postdated check
posted price
posterior distribution
Page752
English
Arabic
posterior probability
post-ineligibility review
[IMF, overdue financial obligations]
posting
postpayment
[BPM5]
post-program monitoring
[IMF]
PPM
post-shortfall year
[IMF, compensatory financing]
potential for drawing
[IMF]
potential growth
potential output
[macroeconomics]
pouch activity
Poverty and Social Impact Analysis Section
[FAD/EP/PA]
Page753
English
Arabic
Poverty and Social Impact Analysis

poverty and social impact assessment
PSIA
poverty assessment
poverty gap index
poverty gap
depth of poverty
poverty head count
poverty line
poverty income threshold
poverty reducing expenditure

PRE
pro-poor spending
Poverty Reduction and Economic Management Network
PREM
Poverty Reduction and Growth Facility
[IMF]
PRGF
Poverty Reduction and Growth Trust
PRGT
Poverty Reduction Program
Page754
English
Arabic
Poverty Reduction Strategies Trust Fund
[World Bank, HIPC]

PRSTF
Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper

[IMF-IBRD]
PRSP
National Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper
[GNB]
NPRSP
Poverty Reduction Strategy Preparation and Execution Monitoring
Committee
Poverty Reduction Strategy
PRS
Poverty Reduction Support Credit
[World Bank]
PRSC
poverty trap
low-wage trap
poverty-reducing growth
[IBRD]
power
power of a test
Page755
English
Arabic
power of variation
[IMF]
power to postpone
PPP-GDP
PPP-GDP booster
Precautionary and Liquidity Line
PLL
precautionary arrangement
[IMF]
precautionary program
precautionary balances
[IMF]
Precautionary Credit Line
PCL
precautionary demand for money
precautionary instrument
precautionary motive
Page756
English
Arabic
precautionary saving
precious metal future
[futures]
pre-cutoff-date-debt
[Paris Club]
predatory pricing
predetermined drain (on foreign currency assets)

predetermined net drain (on foreign currency assets)
predetermined drain
( )
( )

predetermined variable
predicate offense
[money laundering]
underlying offense
predicate crime
underlying crime
predictability
prediction
predictive power
( )
Page757
English
Arabic
predominant center of economic interest
center of predominant economic interest
pre-emerging market country
pre-emptive action
preference bond
preference erosion
preference margin
preferential tariff arrangement
preferential trade agreement
PTA
Preferential Trade Area for Eastern and Southern African States
PTA
preferred creditor
preferred share
preferred stock
preference share
[GBR]
preferred share/equity
Page758
English
Arabic
pre-investment study
preliminary HIPC Initiative document
preliminary prospectus
red herring
premium received
premium
[in general]
premiums less claims
[BPM5]
prepaid expenses
unexpired expenses
prepaid VAT
PVAT
Preparatory Committee for the New International Development
Strategy
[UN]
prepayment
prepayment clause
[lending]
Page759
English
Arabic
prepayment of debt

debt prepayment
prepayment risk
prequalification
[procurement]
prerequisite of quality
[DQAF]
prescribed operation
[SDR]
prescribed SDR holder
[IMF]
prescribed holder of SDRs
prescribed standard
[IMF-EBB]
prescription of currency requirements

[IMF, AREAER]
prescription of currency
present discounted value

[GFSM]
PDV
present value
time value of money
Page760
English
Arabic
pre-shortfall year
[IMF, compensatory financing]
President's Working Group on Financial Markets
PW
Working Group on Financial Markets
press briefing
press conference
Press Information Notice
[IMF-EXR]
PIN
Press Officer
[IMF-EXR]
Press Release
[IMF document series; PR/...]

PR
Press Report
[IMF document series; PREP/...]

PREP
Press Summary
[IMF]
presumed publication
Page761
English
Arabic
presumptive assessment
[taxation]
prevailing market price
prevailing market rate

going rate
prevention
preventive action
preventive measure
previously rescheduled debt
[Debt Guide, 1993; Paris Club]

PRD
PRGF and HIPC Financing Division
[FIN/PH]
PRGF arrangement
[IMF]
PRGF Operations Division
[SPR/GF]
POD
PRGF subaccount
[IMF]
Page762
Arabic
English
PRGF Trust Loan Account
Loan Account
PRGF Trust loan

][IMF
PRGF Trust Reserve Account

][IMF
Reserve Account
PRGF Trust Subsidy Account

Subsidy Account
PRGF Trust
][IMF
PRGF/EFF blending
PRGF-ESF Trust
PRGF-HIPC subaccount
][IMF
PRGF-HIPC Trust Account

][IMF
PRGF-HIPC Trust Instrument
PRGF-HIPC Trust
][IMF
Page763
English
Arabic
price boom
price bouncing
permutation
price collection
price component
price control
price cutting
price discovery
[FSIG]
price discrimination
discriminatory pricing
price elasticity
price elasticity of demand
price expectation
price fixing agreement
(..)
( ..)
( ..)

Page764
English
Arabic
price follower
price formation
price freeze
price incentive
price index
price indexation
price inflation
price leader
price leadership
price level
[SNA93]
price maker
price setter
price premium
price raising agreement
[international commodity agreements]
Page765
English
Arabic
price range
price rationing
price relative
[statistics]
price rigidity
price sensitivity
price shock
price signal
price stability
price taker
price updating of weights
[CPI]
price-earnings ratio
PER
PE ratio
Page766
English
Arabic
price-sensitive information
price-sensitive data
pricing policy
price policy
pricing
price setting
price determination
primary budget
Primary Commodities Price Index
PCPI
primary dealer
primary deficit
[budget]
primary energy
primary exporting country
primary factor
primary fiscal balance

primary balance
Page767
English
Arabic
primary health care
primary liquidity
primary market
primary money
primary producing country
primary product
primary commodity
commodity
primary reserve assets

primary reserves
[banking; USA]
primary sampling unit

PSU
primary surplus
[budget]
prime borrower
prime broker
Page768
English
Arabic
prime conforming mortgage

prime conforming
prime corporate paper
prime rate
base lending rate
BLR
principal
principal enhancement
[debt]
Principal Global Indicators
PGI
principal income earner
principal reserve asset
principal risk
principal-agent problem
principle of proximity
Page769
English
Principles for Stable Capital Flows and Fair Debt Restructuring in
Emerging Markets
Arabic
[IMF]
Principles for the Guidance of Members' Exchange Rate Policies

PGMs
Principles for the Guidance of Members
principles of inference
prior action
[IMF arrangements]
PA
prior challenge, not subject to
( )
[IMF]
prior distribution
[statistics]
prior probability
[statistics]
ex-ante probability
prioritization of debt
ranking of claims
prisoner's dilemma
private banking
Page770
English
Arabic
private contingent credit lines
PCCL
private creditor
private equity
private equity firm
private equity fund
private equity partnership
private good
private money supply
private nonprofit institution

private nonprofit entity
private paper
private participation in infrastructure
[World Bank]
PPI
private sector participation in infrastructure
PPI
Page771
English
Arabic
private placement
[securities]
private offering
private rate of return
PRR
private ruling
private sector development
[IBRD]
PSD
private sector involvement

[financial crises]
PSI
private, public, and other partners
PPOP
private-label security
privatization
privatization voucher
probability coefficient
probability distribution
Page772
English
Arabic
probability level
[statistics]
probability
probability of default
PD
probability proportional to size sampling
PPS sampling
sampling with probability proportional to size
probability sampling
problem bank
[bank supervision]
procedural guidelines
procedures for conversion
conversion procedures
proceedings
[minutes]
proceeds (from a sale)
process management
process review
( )
Page773
English
Arabic
processing industry
processing trade
[trade]
processing traffic
processing
[BPM5; SNA93]
procurement
Procurement Office
[TLS]
procurement price
Procurement Section
[TGS/DG/PR]
procyclical
procyclical bias
procyclical fiscal policy
pro-cyclical regulatory response
Page774
English
Arabic
producer price index
PPI
producer subsidy equivalent
[GATT]
PSE
producer surplus
producer's price
producer price
producer's value
producing broker
product
product differentiation
Product Functionality Chart

PFC
product liability insurance
product moment
[mathematics]
product wage
Page775
English
Arabic
production account
[BPM5; GFS 1986; SNA93]
production boundary
production factor
factor of production
factor
input
production function
production incentive
production possibility frontier

PPF
production frontier
production possibility boundary
production possibility curve

transformation curve
production quota
[OPEC]
production schedule
production sharing contract

PSC
production-income lag
Page776
English
Arabic
productive base
productive efficiency
productivity
productivity gain
professional staff
[IMF]
profit
profit and loss sharing certificate
[FSIG; MFSM 2000]

PLS
profit maximization
profit ratio
profit margin
margin
profit recipient
profit sharing
profit squeeze
Page777
English
Arabic
profit taking
profit tax
profit test
profitability
earning power
profit-price spiral
profits of export or import monopolies
[GFSM; GFSY]
profits of fiscal monopolies
program adjuster
[IMF]
program country
[IMF]
Program for Economic Cooperation among Developing Countries
[UNIDO]
ECDC Program
program loan
program monitoring
[IMF]
Page778
English
Program of Assistance to Mitigate the Social Costs of Adjustment
Arabic
PAMSCAD
program review
[IMF]
program slippage
Program Support Arrangement
program trading
[securities]
program-based approach
/
/

PBA
Programmatic Structural Adjustment Loan
[IBRD]
PSAL
Programme of Action of the International Conference on
Population and Development
Programme of Action of the World Summit for Social Development
Programs Assistant
[IMF-INS]
progress payment
Page779
English
Arabic
progress report
status report
progressive price indexation
[USA]
progressive indexation
progressive tax
progressivity
[taxation]
prohibition of short-sale
prohibition of short sale
project bonds
project home
project-based partial credit guarantee
project-based partial risk guarantee
[IBRD]
projected unit credit method
[pension plans]
project-specific grant
[public finance]
project grant
Page780
English
Arabic
prolonged user of IMF resources
) (
[IMF]
promissory note loan
promissory note
note
promotional cost
prompt points
[SDDS]
proofreader
Proofreader/Editor
Proofreading Assistant
[TGS/L]
propensity to consume
propensity to save
property and assets of the Fund
[IMF]
property income
Page781
English
Arabic
property right
property tax
tax on property
property unit trust
pro-poor growth
proportional Denton method
pro-rata Denton method
proportional income tax
proposed amendment
[IMF]
proposed resolution
[IMF]
proprietary information
proprietary right
proprietary system
proprietary trader
[BIS - Basle/Switzerland]
proprietary trading
strategic trading
Page782
English
Arabic
prospect theory
prospectus
[securities issues]
protectionism
protective tariff
Protocol for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts against the Safety

of Fixed Platforms located on the Continental Shelf
Protocol for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts of Violence at

Airports Serving International Civil Aviation, supplementary to the
Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts against the
Safety of Civil Aviation
prototype arrangement
protracted arrears (to the Fund)

( )
[IMF]
protracted balance of payments problems
proven reserves
[oil]
provident fund
[GMBS]
Page783
English
Arabic
provision for uncollectible accounts

allowance for bad debt
provision for bad debts
provision
[GBR]
accruals
[USA]
provisional administration
[bank supervision; insolvency]
conservatorship
provisional administrator
conservator
provisional credit
[GA]
provisional liquidation
provisional transfer
provisioning
[BPM5; Debt Guide, 1993; FSIG]

establishment of provisions
proximate determinant
Page784
English
Arabic
proxy indicator
[HIPC]
proxy variable
proxy value
proxy
PRSP approach
PRSP process
[PRGF]
PRSP Preparation Status Report

[IMF-IBRD]
PRSP Progress Report

Annual PRSP Progress Report
[IMF, World Bank-IDA]
APR
prudence concept
[accounting]
conservatism concept
prudent (policy)
prudent man rules
prudent management rule
prudential
Page785
English
Arabic
prudential limits
prudential management
prudential ratios
[bank supervision]
prudential regulation
prudential rules
prudential standards
prudential supervision
[banking]
Public Affairs Division
[EXR/PU]
Public Affairs Officer
[IMF-EXR]
Public Affairs Officer, Senior
[IMF-EXR]
public auction
Page786
English
Arabic
public authorities
public authority budget
public capital formation
Public Company Accounting Oversight Board
PCAOB
public consumption
public debt as a share of GDP
public debt
[Debt Guide, 1993; SNA93]
public enterprise rationalization loan
[IBRD]
PERL
public enterprise structural adjustment program
[IBRD]
PESAP
public enterprise
public corporation
state enterprise
state-owned enterprise
SOE
state-owned corporation
government enterprise
government corporation
Page787
English
Arabic
public enterprises sector adjustment program
[IBRD]
Public Expenditure Management Division I, II
() ( )
PEM1, PEM2
Public Expenditure Management Division
PEMD
public expenditure management
PEM
public financial institution
[GFS 1986]
PFI
Public Financial Management Division, I, II
()( )
[FAD/M1, M2]
M1, M2
Public Financial Management Reform Trust Fund

[Palestinian Authority; World Bank]
Reform Trust Fund
public financial management
PFM
Public Information Center
[WB]
PIC
Page788
English
Arabic
Public Information Notice
[IMF-EXR]
PIN
public interest
public interest entity
public interest theory of regulation
public issue of shares
public nonmonetary enterprise
[GFS 1986]
public offering
[securities]
public placement
public or publicly guaranteed debt
government or government-guaranteed debt
public order and safety
[GFS; GFSM; GFSY]
Public Outreach Center
public ruling
public sale
Page789
English
Arabic
public sector balance
public sector bonds
[BPM5; GFS 1986]
public sector borrowing requirement(s)
PSBR
public sector comparator
PSC
public sector investment program
PSIP
public investment program
PIP
public service
government service
public utility
public service corporation
utility
Publication Services Section
[EXR/EP/PS]
Publications Section
publicly funded
publicly issued
Page790
English
Arabic
publicly listed company
( )
publiclly listed firm

publicly traded company
publicly traded share
public-private partnership
PPP
( )
PPIP
pull factor
punitive measure
purchase and assumption operations
P&A
purchase
[IMF]
purchased goodwill
[GFSM 2001; SNA93]
purchaser's price
purchasers' value
Purchasing Managers' Index
PMI
Page791
English
Arabic
purchasing power parity exchange rate
PPP exchange rate
purchasing power parity
PPP
pure competition
pure economic rent
pure public good
pure signaling instrument
purely random process
purposive sample
purposive survey
[statistics]
push factor
put bond
putable bond
put option clause

put option
put
Page792
English
Arabic
put option
put
P-value
Qard-hasan deposit
[Islamic banking]
Qard-hasan loan
[Islamic banking]
( )
qat
[agriculture]
khat
kat
cat
quadratic mean
quadruple entry system
qualified
qualified audit opinion

[audit]
qualified opinion
qualified countries
qualified data
Page793
English
Arabic
qualified majority voting
QMV
Qualifying Industrial Zone
QIZ
qualifying member
qualifying shareholding
quality assurance testing
quality bias
quality control
[BPM5]
quality dimension
[DQAF]
quality of data
quantification
[SNA93]
quantitative benchmark
quantitative credit control
Page794
English
Arabic
quantitative easing
QE
quantitative indicator
quantitative performance criterion
quantitative PC
quantitative restriction on import
quantitative restriction
[IBRD loans]
QR
quantitative trade restriction
quantity discount
quantity rationing
quantity relative
[statistics]
quantity sensitivity
quantity theory of money
quantum index
Page795
English
Arabic
quantum leap
quarterization
Quarterly External Debt Statistics database

QEDS
Quarterly External Debt Database
[IMF]
Quarterly National Accounts Manual--Concepts, Data Sources,

and Compilation
[IMF]
Quarterly National Accounts Manual
QNA Manual
quarter-on-quarter growth rate
quartile
[statistics]
quasi equity
[debt]
quasi-autonomous variable
quasibanking institution
quasi-corporate enterprise
quasi-corporation
Page796
English
Arabic
quasi-fiscal
quasi-fiscal costs
quasi-fiscal deficit
QFD
quasi-fiscal operations
quasi-fiscal activities
quasi-money instrument
near cash instrument
quasi-money
near-money
quasi-official borrowing
quasi-random sampling
queuing theory
queueing theory
quick asset
quick disbursing loan
[IBRD]
quick disbursing short term liquidity facility
Page797
English
Arabic
Quick Impact Projects
QIPs
Rapid Impact Projects
quick-yielding project
quiet facility
quintile
quota
quota and governance reform
quota and voice
quota formula
Quota Formula Review Group
[IMF]
QFRG
quota limit
[IMF; ESAF]
quota ratio
[GAB]
Page798
English
Arabic
quota review
[IMF]
review of quotas
quota sampling
quota share
[IMF]
actual quota share

share in actual quotas
share in total quotas
quota shift
quota transfer market
quota-based institution
quotation
quoted price
[BPM5]
quote-driven market
dealer market
quote-driven system
price-driven system
race to the bottom
Page799
English
Arabic
radicalism
radical approach
radical strategy
railway transport
rail transport
rainfed crop
rainy day provisions

rainy days
rampant inflation
runaway inflation
galloping inflation
( )
[SNA93]
Ramsey problem
random
random access memory
RAM
random disturbance
random effects Tobit model
RE Tobit model
random error
Page800
English
Arabic
random factor
random group method
random group replication
random inspection
[trade]
random number
random process
random sampling
random variable
random walk
randomness
range
range (of a function)
rank
rank correlation
( )
[statistics]
rank order correlation
Page801
English
Arabic
ranked data
ranking
Rapid Access Line
RAL
Rapid Credit Facility
RCF
Rapid Liquidity Line
RLL
Rapid Response Food Facility

rapid financing facility
rapid response faciliy
rapid-access component
rapporteur
[JPC]
reporting secretary
[JPC]
reporting member
[IMF]
ratchet effect
ratchet up
Page802
English
Arabic
rate of charge
[IMF; SDR use]
rate of crawl
rate of profit
rate of return
rate of time preference
rate setting policy
pricing policy
rate tiering
tiering
rated capacity
[power plants, machinery]
rates
[GBR]
rating shopping
credit rating shopping
rating
[securities]
ratio
Page803
English
Arabic
ratio of global reserves to imports
[IMF quota increase]
rational expectations
[SNA93]
raw data
crude data
raw material producing country
raw moment
reaccess to capital markets
reach for yield
reaction function
reactivating country
[IBRD]
reactivated country
read-only memory
ROM
ready reckoner
real
Page804
English
Arabic
real balances effect

Pigou effect
real deposit interest rate
real disposable income
real dollarization
real economy
real sector
real effective exchange rate index
REER index
real effective exchange rate

REER
multilateral exchange rate
multilateral real exchange rate
trade-weighted real exchange rate

trade- weighted effective exchange rate
Real Estate Section
[TGS/DF/RE]
real estate tax
real flow
real gross fixed investment
Page805
English
Arabic
real income
real interest rate
real monetary conditions index
RMCI
real money balances
real property transfer tax
real estate transfer tax
real purchasing power
[CPI]
Real Sector Division
[STA/RE]
real terms of trade
real terms
in real terms
constant terms
real time
real wage
Page806
Arabic
English
real water measures
real-financial linkage
realignment of quota shares
realignment
][EMS
realization
][accounting
realized gain
realized profit
realized income
realized price
price realized
reallocation of labor
real-time assessment of conditionality

][IMF
real-time gross settlement system

RTGS
real time gross settlement system
][FSIG
Page807
English
Arabic
rebalancing of portfolio
[IMF, P45]
portfolio rebalancing
rebasing of data
recapitalization
[banks]
recapture clause
receipts
[GFSM]
receiver
receivership
receiving industry
Recent Economic Developments
[IMF background paper]

RED
recession
[SNA93]
recipient
[SNA93]
Page808
English
Arabic
reciprocal currency arrangement

cross-currency swap
foreign currency swap
swap arrangement
currency swap arrangement
swap
currency swap agreement
reciprocal exchange guarantee
reciprocal
[mathematics]
reclassification
[BOP]
recognition
[accounting]
reconciliation account
reconciliation date
[debt, London Club]
reconciliation statement
reconciliation table
Page809
English
Arabic
reconstitution of SDR holdings
record for, I am on (the)
record, everything is for the
[press conferences, public statements]
record, I want to say for the
record, off the
record-keeping system
recording system
..
..

[BPM5]
Records and Information Section
[SEC/AI/RI]
Records Division
Records Management Unit
[SEC/RC/AR/RM]
recoupment
recourse financing, no
recovery
[loans]
Page810
English
Arabic
recreational, cultural, and religious affairs and services
[GFS; GFSY]
Recruitment and Staffing Division
[HRD/RS]
RSD
Recruitment Division
[HRD/RD]
recurrent budget
recurrent expenditure
recurrent expense
recurrent outlay
recurrent revenue
recurrent receipts
recurrent income
recurrent tax
recurrent taxes on immovable property

[GFSM; GFSY]
recurrent taxes on net wealth
[GFS; GFSM; GFSY]
recursive model
Page811
English
Arabic
recuse oneself, to
[legal]
recycling petrodollars
recycling
[finance]
red interest
redemption (of a pledge)
redemption
retirement
redemption, right of
redeployment (of staff)
( )
rediscount ceiling
[central banking]
rediscount quota
rediscount facility
[central banking]
rediscount rate
Page812
English
Arabic
redistributional effect
redistributional transfer payments
reduced interest par bond exchange
reduced model
reduced-form equation
reduction of data
redundancy
reengineering
reenhanced HIPC Initiative

[IMF]
HIPC-3
reference currency
reference price
reference rate
[MPI]
Page813
Arabic
English
reference shareholder
Reference Unit
)reference zone (of rates
Reference, Terminology, and Documentation Section

RTD
refinancing risk
refinancing
][Debt Guide, 1993; SNA93
reflation
reflow
][SNA93
reflows of flight capital

return of flight capital
repatriation of flight capital
reflows
][IDA
IDA reflows
Page814
reflows, use of Trust Fund

][IMF
English
Arabic
refocus
refocusing the work of the Fund

refocusing the Fund
Reform Task Force
refund of charges
[IMF]
refunding
[repayment]
region of acceptance
[statistics]
region of rejection
[statistics]
Regional Advisory Group
regional allocation
regional balance of payments statement
[BPM5]
regional central bank
[BPM5; BPM6]
Page815
English
Arabic
Regional Cooperation for Development
RCD
regional development
regional development bank
RDB
Regional Division 2
regional economic communities
RECs
Regional Economic Outlook
[IMF]
REO
regional financial arrangements
regional financing arrangements
Regional Integration Facilitation Forum
RIFF
Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific
[IMF]
OAP
Regional Office for Central Europe and the Baltics
[IMF]
Page816
English
Arabic
regional outreach
Regional Strategy Notes
[IMF]
RSN
Regional Studies Division
regional surveillance
regional technical assistance center
[IMF]
RTAC
regional trade agreement
RTA
RTA
regionalism
Register of Conventional Arms
[UN]
registered check
( )
register check
registered instrument
registered security
Registration Officer
[IMF, Annual Meetings]
Page817
English
Arabic
regressand
[statistics]
regression analysis
regression coefficient
regression equation
regression model
[statistics]
regression of Y on X
regressive tax
regressivity
[taxation]
regressor
[statistics]
regular appointment
Y X
[IMF]
regular election
[IMF, Executive Directors]
regular employment
Page818
English
Arabic
regular meeting
regulation
regulation and supervision
Regulation and Supervision Division

[MCM/FR]
regulatory agency
regulatory arbitrage
regulatory capital requirements
regulatory capital to risk-weighted assets
/ /

regulatory capital
[FSIG]
regulatory capture
regulatory forbearance
regulatory framework
Page819
English
Arabic
regulatory power
regulatory regime
regulatory Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets
[FSIG]
rehabilitation
rehabilitation import credit
[IBRD]
RIC
rehabilitation import loan
[IBRD]
RIL
rehabilitation loan
[IBRD]
rehabilitation program
[enterprises]
reintermediation
reinvested earnings
[BPM5; BPM6]
rejection limits
Page820
English
Arabic
related companies
related entity
[MPI]
relational database management system
RDBMS
relations with nonmembers
relationship-based economy
relative and adjustable reciprocity

[GATT]
relative exchange rates
relative mean deviation
relative share
release calendar
[IMF-EBB]
release, to
Page821
English
Arabic
relending
relevance
reliability
[IMF, metadata]
relinquish
[BPM5]
resign
remedial measure
corrective action
corrective measure
remedial action
remit
remit-independence-accountability framework
RIA framework
remittance of funds
remittance recipient
remitted earnings
[BPM5]
Page822
English
Arabic
Removal and Prohibition Order
[USA]
R&P Order
remunerated reserve requirements
remunerated reserve tranche position
[IMF]
remuneration coefficient
[IMF]
remuneration
[IMF]
remuneration, rate of
[IMF]
renewable
replenishable
reproducible
Renewal Accord
[AfDB]
Renewal Program
renewal theory
rental income
Page823
English
Arabic
rent-seeking
rent-seeking opportunities
repackaged asset
repackaged note
repatriation of investment income
repayable margin
repayable transaction
[GFS 1986]
repayment capacity
repayment period
[Paris Club; Debt Guide, 1993]
repayment schedule
repayment
[GFSM; SNA93]
rephase purchases, to
[IMF]
replacement cost risk
Page824
English
Arabic
replacement rate
[pensions]
replenish the Fund's holdings of currencies
( )

[IMF-AA]
replenishment of Fund resources
[IMF]
replenishment of reserves
replication
repo rate
repurchase rate
report of the Executive Board
[IMF]
Report on Implementation of Standards and Codes
RISC
Report on the Observance of Standards and Codes
[IMF]
ROSC
reportable position
reported income
Page825
English
Arabic
reporting agency
[IMF-STA]
reporting country
reporting currency
[FSIG]
reporting economy
reporting period
[BPM5]
reporting to the IMF
reporting unit
representation of balance of payments financing need

[IMF]
representation of need
declaration of BOP-related need
declaration of need
representative rate
[IMF; exchange]
representative set of currencies

[IMF]
Representative to the WTO
[IMF-EUO]
Page826
English
Arabic
repricing
repricing of risk
repricing period
repudiation of debt

repurchase agreement
repo
RP
repurchase operation
repurchase transaction
repurchase expectation
[IMF]
repurchase in installments
[IMF]
repurchase market
repo market
repurchase of accelerated set-aside amounts
[IMF debt reduction scheme]

accelerated set-aside amounts repurchase
Page827
English
Arabic
repurchase
[IMF]
request for proposal
[procurement]
RFP
required reserve ratio

minimum reserve ratio
reserve requirement
reserve ratio
legal reserve ratio
requirement of need
[IMF; SDR]
requited current transfer
requited payment
[GFS 1986]
re-regulation
rerouting
rescheduling country
rescheduler
research and development
R&D
Page828
English
Arabic
Research Assistant
[IMF]
Research Department
[IMF]
RES
reservable deposit
reservation income
reservation price
reservation price (of labor)

reservation wage
reserve accretion
reserve asset
Reserve Assets Technical Expert Group
RESTEG
reserve assets
[BPM5; IFS]
Reserve Augmentation Line
[IMF]
RAL
reserve center
Page829
English
Arabic
reserve creation
[BPM5]
reserve currency
reserve depletion
reserve deposit
reserve ease
reserve cushion
reserve inadequacy
reserve deficiency
inadequacy of reserves
reserve indicator
reserve maintenance period
maintenance period
reserve pooling arrangement
reserve position
[country]
reserve requirement
[SNA93]
minimum reserve requirement
required reserves
Page830
English
Arabic
reserve stringency
reserve target
[IMF]
reserve tranche position

[IMF]
reserve tranche purchase
[IMF]
reserve
[SNA93]
reserve-related official borrowing
reserve-related transaction
resettlement allowance
[IMF-HRD]
resettlement benefits
[IMF]
residence
residence of enterprises
residence of individuals
[BPM5]
Page831
English
Arabic
Resident Advisor
resident individual
[BOP]
resident official sector
[BPM5]
Resident Representative
[IMF]
Res. Rep.
Resident Representative, Senior
[IMF]
resident unit
[BOP]
resident
[GFSM]
residential construction
residential demand
residential investment
residential land
[urbanism]
Page832
English
Arabic
resident-to-resident transaction
[BOP]
residual
residual item
[BPM5]
residual maturity

remaining maturity
[Debt Guide, 1993; FSIG]
residual method
residual, as a
resilience
[FSIG]
resolution (process)
[bank supervision]
resolution and recovery plan

RRP
living will
Page833
English
Arabic
Resolution Trust Corporation
[USA]
RTC
Resolving Crisis, Building Recovery
resource allocation plan
RAP
resource allocation
allocation of resources
Resource and Information Management Section
[FAD/AI/RI]
RIMS
Resource and Information Management Unit
resource curse
paradox of plenty
resource gap
Resource Management Division
[MCM/RM]
RM
resource nationalism
resource rent tax

resource rent
Page834
English
Arabic
resource rich countries
resource utilization
resource-intensive countries
[IMF]
resources and expenditures
[SNA]
resources endowments
Resources for the Future
RFF
respondent bank
responsive
responsiveness
[e.g., output]
rest of the world account

[BPM5; BPM5; SNA]
ROW Account
rest of the world sector
[BPM5, SNA 1993, GFSM 2001]
restocking
Page835
English
Arabic
restricted deposit
[GMBS]
restricted distribution

restricted circulation
restricted session
restrictive business practices
restrictive monetary policy
resulting trust
results-based aid
[IBRD]
resumption of exchange transactions
Resurgent India Bonds
RIBs
retail bank
retail competition
customer choice
Page836
English
Arabic
retail deposit
retail funding
retail interest rate
retail margin
retail price index
RPI
retained earnings
[BPM6; FSIG]
undistributed earnings
[BPM5]
undistributed profits
retained gains
retaliatory measure
retention quota
Retired Staff Benefits Investment Account
[IMF]
RSBIA
retirement of outstanding debt
Page837
English
Arabic
Retirement Reserve Account
[IMF]
retooling the Bank's knowledge base
retrenchment from risk
retrenchment
[personnel]
retroactive country
( )
[HIPC, PRGF]
retroactive country cases
retrocession
[insurance]
return of investment
[capital flows]
return on assets
[FSIG]
ROA
return on equity
ROE
Page838
English
Arabic
return on investment
ROI
return on capital employed

return on capital invested
returned exports and imports
[BPM5]
returns to scale
revaluation
revaluation changes
revamping institutional capabilities
revenue
Revenue Administration Division I, II
() ( )
[FAD/R1, R2]
RAD1
RAD2
revenue and grants
[GFS 1986]
revenue collection
Page839
English
Arabic
revenue effort
revenue sharing grant
[public finance]
revenue sharing
tax revenue sharing

tax sharing arrangement
revenue shortfall
revenue stamp
tax stamp
revenue-raising capacity
reversal of a loan
[IMF]
reversal of direction
reverse causation
reverse discrimination
[USA]
reverse equity investment

reverse investment in equity
reverse direct investment
reverse investment
Page840
English
Arabic
reverse graduate
[World Bank]
reverse mortgage
reverse annuity mortgage
RAM
reverse repurchase operation

reverse operation
reverse transaction
[BPM6]
matched sale-purchase agreement
[USA]
MSP
reverse repo
[BPM6]
reverse stand-by arrangement
reversing
[accounting]
reverse, to
Review Committee
[IMF]
RC
Review Group on the Organization of Financial Sector and Capital
Markets Work
[IMF]
review mission (Fund)
( )
Page841
English
Arabic
Review of Fund Statistics

[IMF]
review
[IMF]
reviews-based approach
revised downward
Revised Kyoto Convention on the Simplification and

Harmonization of Customs Procedures
RKC
revised upward
Revision of the Balance of Payments Manual, Fifth Edition
( )
(Annotated Outline)
Annotated Outline
revocation
revolving character of resources
[IMF]
revolving credit facility

revolving credit
Page842
English
Arabic
revolving fund
[SNA93]
revolving underwriting facility

RUF
[BPM5; Debt Guide, 1993; Balance of Payments Manual - 5th
edition; External Debt Statistics: Guide for Compilers and Users,
1993]
reweighting
Ricardian equivalence
Barro-Ricardo equivalence proposition
right to terminate participation
[IMF]
right to withdraw
[IMF]
rights accumulation program
[Debt Guide, 1993]

RAP
rights approach
[IMF]
rights approach
[IMF]
rights issue
Page843
English
Arabic
rightsizing
rightward tilt
rigid price
inflexible price
)(
)(

sticky price
ring system
[indirect taxation]
ringfence
ringfencing
ring-fenced country
Rio Declaration
ripple effect
risk
risk acceptance
Risk and Crisis Management Division
risk appetite index
RAI
Page844
English
Arabic
risk appetite
appetite for risk
risk asset
risk asset ratio

Cooke ratio
risk aversion
risk avoider
risk bucket
[bank supervision; Basle Accord]
capital bucket
risk bucketing
[bank supervision; Basle Accord]
capital bucketing
risk capacity
risk-taking capacity
risk-bearing capacity
risk capital margin
RCM
risk margin
capital margin
risk category (of financial derivatives)
( )
Page845
English
Arabic
risk control
loss control
risk event
risk exposure
exposure
risk identification
risk limit
risk management
risk management process
risk map
risk mutualization
risk perception
risk pooling
risk premium on interest rates

risk premium
Page846
English
Arabic
risk profile
investor's profile
risk retention
risk sharing
risk taker
risk tolerance
risk transfer
risk underwriting
risk-adjusted return on capital
[FSIG]
RAROC
risk-free interest rate
risk-off
risk-off period
risk-on
risk-on period
risk-on, risk-off
RORO
Page847
English
Arabic
risk-weighted asset
RWA
risk-adjusted asset
risk-weighted capital ratio
risk-based capital ratio
risk-weighted capital
risk-based capital
River Plate Division
[WHD/RL]
RMBS
residential mortgage-backed security
road show
robust procedures
robustness
rogue state
rogue nation
renegade government
rogue trading
Page848
English
Arabic
Roll Back Malaria

RBM
RBM Initiative
rollback commitment
[WTO]
rollback of NAB credit arrangements
rollback, tariff
rolling budget
revolving budget
continuous budget
rolling trend
rolling window
rollover
( )
rollover credit
( )
roll-over date
rollover pressure
rollover risk
Page849
English
Arabic
Romance Language Editorial Section
[TGS/LR/ED]
Romance Languages Division
[TGS/LR]
root-mean square
ROSC module
round
[GATT]
rounding tripping
roundtripping
royalties payable
royalty
rule by law
rule of law
rule of thumb
Page850
English
Arabic
rules and practices of the Fund

[IMF]
( )

standard practices (of the Fund)
Rules and Regulations
[IMF]
rules for designation
[SDR]
rules for reconstitution
[SDR]
rules for repurchase
[IMF]
rules of origin
[customs]
run a regression
[statistics]
run on a currency
run-off
runoff
rush of expenditure
rush for expenditure

rush in expenditure
Page851
English
Arabic
Russia Division
Russian Division
Russian Section
[TGS-LS]
sacrifice ratio
[production; employment]
SAD culture (of the IMF)

secrecy, arrogance, and dominance
( )
)(
SAD
safe haven currency
safeguard measure
[SNA93]
safeguard clause
safeguard
[SNA93]
safeguard provision
[IMF, tax arrangement for staff]
safeguards assessment
Safeguards Assessment Unit
Safeguards Assessments Division
[FIN/SA]
Page852
English
safeguards on the use of Fund resources and misreporting of
information
Arabic
safeguards on the use of Fund resources
safeguards
safekeeping
[securities]
Sahel Division
salary
salary scale
[general]
salary schedule
wage scale
wage schedule
pay scale
pay schedule
pay table
sales of land and intangible assets
[GFSY]
sales tax
[GFS 1986; GFSM]
sample
sample augmentation
Page853
English
Arabic
sample census
sample characteristic
sample design
sampling design
[CPI]
sample frame
sampling framework
sample mean
sample of no commercial value
[BOP]
sample point
sample space
sample survey
[BPM5]
sample value
sample variance
sampling variance
[CPI]
sampling distribution
Page854
English
Arabic
sampling error
sampling with replacement
sampling
[BPM5]
Samurai bond
sanitary services
Sarbanes-Oxley Act
[USA]
satellite currency
satellite dealer
[IND]
saturated market
filled market
Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency
SAMA
saving
Page855
English
Arabic
saving rate
saving(s) ratio
savings account
savings and loan association
S&L
savings and loan crisis
savings association
[GMBS]
savings bank
[BPM5]
savings bond
savings certificate
savings deposit
savings glut
savings passbook
Say's Law
Say's law of markets
Page856
English
Arabic
scalar
scalar function
scalar number
scalar product
scalar quantity
scale effect
scale factor
scaling factor
scale of charges for drawings
[IMF]
scale up projects
scale variable
scaling-up of aid
scalping
[commodities market; securities market]
Page857
English
Arabic
scanner data
[CPI]
scarce currency
scarcity rent
hotelling rent
HR
scatter coefficient
scatter diagram
scatter plot
scenario
schedular tax
schedule of charges
schedule of repurchases
schedule
annex
scheduled installment
[IMF]
Page858
English
Arabic
scheduled repurchase
[IMF]
Scientific and Technical Advisory Panel

[GEF]
STAP
Scientific and Technical Research Committee

[EC]
CREST
scripless trading
SDDS Plus
SDR as numeraire
SDR qua numeraire
SDR as reserve instrument

SDR as reserve
SDR qua reserve
SDR as unit of account

SDR qua unit of account
SDR assessment
assessment
SDR charges
Page859
English
Arabic
SDR Department
SDR holdings account
SDR account
SDR interest and charges
[IMF]
SDR interest rate
SDR interest rate basket

SDR basket
SDR interest
[IMF]
SDR loan facility

same-day loan facility
[review of quotas]
SDR loan arrangement
same-day, no cost SDR loan
SDR same-day facility
same-day borrowing/repayment of SDRs
same-day loan and repayment in SDRs
SDR Facility
SDR use
[IMF]
SDR valuation
Page860
English
Arabic
SDR valuation basket

SDR basket
SDR weighted average interest rate
SDR-denominated
sealed bid
[GA]
SEANZA forum of banking supervisors
seasonal adjustment
[BPM6; SNA93]
seasonal credit
crop credit
seasonal dummy variable
seasonal dummy
seasonal labor force

seasonal labor
seasonal workers
migrant labor
migrants
seasonal peak
seasonal unemployment
Page861
English
Arabic
seasonally adjusted annual rate

SAAR
seasonally adjusted
[IFS]
seasoned security
seat
Second Central Bank Gold Agreement
CBGA2
second generation of reforms
second stage
[HIPC Initiative]
secondary instrument
secondary market
secondary reserves
[banking: USA]

((

secondary line of reserves
secondary sampling unit
SSU
Page862
English
Arabic
second-best solution
second-best optimum
second-best theory
secondment
[personnel]
second-round price effect
second-tier bank
Secretary (of the Fund)
[IMF-SEC]
Secretary for Conferences, Assistant
[IMF-SEC; BFCO]
Secretary, Assistant
[IMF-SEC]
Secretary, Deputy
[IMF-SEC]
Secretary-General
[UN]
Secretary's Circular
[IMF document series; SEC/CIRC/...]

CIRC
Page863
English
Arabic
Secretary's Department
[IMF]
SEC
Secretary's Journal of Executive Board Informal Sessions
(..)
[IMF document series; IS/...]

Secretary's Journal of Executive Board Informal Sessions: Final
Minutes of Meeting IS/...
IS
Section Chief
[IMF]
Section I, II
() ( )
[SEC/CM/S1, S2]
sector adjustment credit
[IDA]
sector GDP
Sector Investment and Maintenance Loan
[IBRD]
SIM Loan
sector
[BPM5; SNA93]
sectoral
Page864
English
Arabic
sectoral adjustment loan
[IBRD]
SECAL
sectorization
sectorize
secular trend
secured call loan
secured note
[USA]
Securing the recovery and anchoring the future
Securities Account
[IMF]
Securities and Exchange Commission
[USA]
SEC
securities broker
security dealer
securities debt
Page865
English
Arabic
securities exchange
stock exchange
stock market
securities index future
stock index future

share price index future
index future
Securities Markets Program
SMP
securities other than shares
[GFSM; FSIG; SNA93]
securitization
[BPM5; BPM6; MFSM]
securitized asset
security classification
[process]
( )

information classification
classification
Security Council
[UN]
security issued for cash
Security Officer
[IMF]
Page866
English
Arabic
Security Operations Center
[IMF]
SOC
Security Section
Security Services Division
[TGS/SE]
Security Services Unit
security
[finance]
seed capital
[SNA93]
start-up capital
initial capital
seemingly unrelated regression
SUR
segment (of the Fund's holding in a currency)
( )
[IMF]
segmentation
[IMF support activities]
segmented markets theory
Page867
English
Arabic
seigniorage
[GFS 1986; IFS]
seizure
( )/
seizure (of property)
Select Committee of Experts on the Evaluation of Anti-Money
Laundering Measures
PC-R-EV Committee
Selected Decisions of the International Monetary Fund and
Selected Documents
[IMF]
selected economic issues
[IMF documents]
selected indicator
Selected Issues papers
SI
selected issues
[IMF documents]
selection bias
selection of Chairman and Vice-Chairmen
[BL; Board of Governors]
Page868
English
Arabic
selective capital increase
SCI
selective default
[debt]
SD
selective excises on goods
selective increase in quotas
self-adjustment
self-assessment
[taxation]
self-consumption
self-dealing
self-defeating prophecy
self-employed
[GFSM; SNA93]
independent labor force
self-financing
self-fulfilling prophecy

[1989 - ]

Page869
English
Arabic
self-liquidating
[projects]
self-regulatory organization
SRO
self-representing unit
certainty unit
self-rule
self-sufficiency
[in general]
self-reliance
self-sustained ESAF
[IMF]
self-financing ESAF
self-sustained PRGF
self-sustaining
self-sustained
sell on margin, to
[securities]
Page870
English
Arabic
shorting
sell side
selldown
sell short
sellers' market
selling exchange rate

selling rate
seller's rate
offer rate
semi-direct method
semidurable good
semi-elasticity
[statistics]
semifinished good
semimanufacture
unfinished good
seminar
Page871
English
Arabic
Seminars and Overseas Section
[INS/AV/SO]
semipublic enterprise
parapublic enterprise
mixed enterprise
semiskilled labor
semiskilled manpower
semiskilled worker
senior auditor
senior bond
Senior Consultant to the Managing Director
[IMF-OMD]
Senior Counsellor
senior creditor
senior debt
senior loan
senior official
high official
senior officer
[IMF]
Page872
English
Arabic
senior preferred stock

first preferred stock
senior staff
[IMF]
sensitivity analysis
sensitivity stress test

[bank supervision]
Seoul Action Plan
( )
separate currencies (within a member's territories)

[IMF]
separate trading of registered interest and principal of securities
[BPM6]
STRIPS
separation grant
[IMF-HRD]
separation of powers
sequence of the observations
sequencing
Page873
English
Arabic
sequential cropping
multiple cropping
sequestration
[budget; FSU]
serial bond issue
serial correlation test

SCT
serial multiyear rescheduling arrangement
serial MYRA
serial multiyear rescheduling agreement
seriously delinquent
Service and Supply Section
service charge
[BPM5]
service fee
service economy
tertiary economy
service provider
serviceability
[DQAF]
Page874
English
Arabic
serviceable loan
Services Directive
[EU]
services on merchandise
set of equations
system of equations
[mathematics]
set off against each other
[obligations]
set
[mathematics]
set-aside account
set-aside amount
set-aside(s)
settlement agent
settlement currency
settlement netting
payment netting
[securities settlement system]
settlement of accounts
Page875
English
Arabic
settlement of commitments
settlement of currency valuation adjustment
settlement of disagreements
[IMF]
settlement of disputes
settlement of financial obligations
settlement risk
settlement system
settlement
settling-in grant
[IMF-HRD]
settlor
severance pay
( )

severance package
layoff pay
severance payments
severance tax
[GFS 1986]
Page876
English
Arabic
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome

SARS
severely indebted low-income countries
SILICs
severely indebted middle-income countries
SIMICs
sex and gender issues
sexual harassment
shadow banking system
shadow cabinet
shadow economy
gray economy
underground economy
[SNA93]
shadow exchange rate

accounting exchange rate
shadow price
shadow program
Page877
English
Arabic
shadow toll
shallow financial market
Shanghai Cooperation Organization
SCO
share capital
capital stock
share premium
share premium account
share price index
Shared Services Unit
[TGS/DF/SS]
shareholder
[SNA93]
sharing clause
( )
shelf company
[BPM6]
off-the-shelf company
ready-made company
Page878
English
Arabic
shell bank
shell company
dormant company
front company
sheltered sector
shift between reserve assets
shift in the adequacy of global reserves
shift in the demand curve

shift in demand
demand shift
shift of short-term funds
shifting of tax burden
[tax policy]
shifting of tax
shipment
[BPM5]
Shipping Unit
[IMF]
shock therapy
Page879
Arabic
English
shocks window
Shogun bond
short bank
Short Collegium
][IMF

) (
short end of the market
short position
short selling
short sale
][securities
Page880
short squeeze
shortfall
shortfall year
][CCFF
short-term
English
Arabic
short-term asset
short-term capital
[BOP]
short-term debt
liquid debt
short-term interest rate
short-term rate
short-term investment
Short-Term Liquidity Facility
SLF
short-term liquidity line
SLL
short-term paper
short-term propensity
short-term return
short-termism
Shua'a
Page881
English
Arabic
shuttle trade
sick leave
[IMF-HRD]
side effects
side letter
sight deposit liabilities
signaling
signaling channel
signature loan
unsecured loan
personal loan
character loan
significance level
[statistics]
simple interest rate
simple model
simple regression
Page882
English
Arabic
simplified assumption
simplifying assumption
simulation model
simulation techniques and models
simultaneity bias
simultaneous equations
sinecure
Singapore interbank offered rate

/
/

( )
SIBOR
Singapore issues
[WTO]
single banking license provision
[EC]
single currency loan
monocurrency loan
Page883
English
Arabic
Single European Act
[EC]
Single Act
Single European Market
[EC]
Single Market
[EC]
Single Market program
[EC]
single monetary policy
[EMU]
single-country constituency
single-country chair
single-currency pegging
single peg
single-currency link
unicurrency peg
unicurrency pegging
single-factor terms of trade
single-name contract
single-purpose expenditure rule
Page884
English
Arabic
single-stage tax
single-topic mission
single-sector mission
singular matrix
sinking continent
[Africa]
sinking fund
[GFS 1986]
Sino-British Joint Declaration
sinusoidal
site office
Six Markets Group

G-6
Asian G-6
size of a sample
sample size
[CPI]
size of each credit tranche
size of the Fund
Page885
English
Arabic
skewed distribution
skewness
skew
skill intensity
skilled labor
skilled manpower
skilled worker
slack capacity
idle capacity
underemployed capacity
slack domestic demand conditions
slack
[economics]
sliding-scale clause
)(
sliding-scale royalty
slippage
[policy]
slope
/
/
/
[mathematics]
slow adjusters
Page886
English
Arabic
sluggishness
slumpflation
Slutzky effect
small and medium-sized enterprises

SMEs
small and medium-size enterprises

small and medium-scale enterprises
small and medium-sized industries
SMIs
small cap company
small denomination note
small economy with an international financial center
SEIFiC
small ingot
small island economy
small low-income economies
small sample
Page887
English
Arabic
smart card
stored value card
electronic purse
smart economics
Smithsonian agreement
Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act of 1930
Tariff Act of 1930
smoothed spectrum
smoothing
smoothing mechanism
smurfing
structuring
social accounting matrix
SAM
social accounting
[GBR]
social accounts
social assistance benefits
[GFSM; SNA93]
Page888
English
Arabic
social benefits
social capital
social conditionality
social cost
social divide
social dumping
[WTO]
social exclusion
social expenditure
social wage
social impact analysis
SIA
social impact assessment
[World Bank]
SIA
social inclusion
social infrastructure
Page889
English
Arabic
social insurance benefits
[GFSM; SNA93]
social insurance contributions
[GFSM]
social insurance
[SNA]
social marginal productivity
social overhead capital
overhead capital
social partner
[EU]
social planner
social protection floor
SPF
social rate of return
SRR
social safety net

safety net
[GFSM]
social security
Page890
English
Arabic
social security contributions

[GFS 1986; GFSM; GFSY; SNA93]
Social Security Fund

[Burundi]
social security funds

[GFS 1986; GFSM; SNA93]
social security system

social security scheme
social surplus
net social benefit of production
social wage
social welfare
welfare
socially oriented financial institution

SOFI
Society for International Development

[USA]
SID
Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication

SWIFT
Page891
English
Arabic
socioeconomic development
social and economic development
soft budget constraint
SBC
soft commodities
soft convertibility
soft currency
soft landing
soft loan
soft patch
soft peg
soft pegging
soft restructuring
soft terms
( )
[lending]
software site license agreement

[IT]
Page892
English
Arabic
sole proprietor
sole proprietorship
sole source procurement

single source procurement
noncompetitive procurement
sole-source contract
solve for x
[equations]
Solvency II
solvency ratio
some
[IMF]
sorting
[BPM5]
soundness
source data
source language
sourcing
Page893
English
Arabic
South African Customs Union

SACU
Southern African Customs Union
South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation

SAARC
South Pacific Commission

SPC
()( ) /
South/Central American I, II Division

[WHD/S1, S2]
South-East Asia Treaty Organization

SEATO
South-East Asian Central Banks Research and Training Centre
SEACEN Centre
Southeastern Division
Southeastern Division I, II, III
()( )( )
[EUR/O1, O2, O3]
Southern Africa Power Pool
SAPP
Southern African Development Community
SADC
Page894
English
Arabic
Southern African Development Coordination Conference
SADCC
Southern African Division I, II, III
Southern Common Market
()( )( )
( )
MERCOSUR
Southern Division
Southern European Division I, II
()( )
Southern I, II Division
()( )
[EUR/S1, S2]
South-South investment
South-South trade
sovereign arrears
Sovereign Asset and Liability Management Division
[MCM/AL]
sovereign borrower
sovereign ceiling clause
sovereign credit
Page895
English
Arabic
sovereign credit ratings
sovereign debt
Sovereign Debt Dispute Resolution Forum
[SDRM]
SDDRF
sovereign debt restructuring mechanism

Sovereign Debt Resolution Mechanism
SDRM
sovereign default
sovereign rating
[debt]
sovereign risk premium
sovereign risk
political risk
sovereign spreads
sovereign bond spreads
interest rate spreads
sovereign wealth fund

SWF
sovereignty expenses
Page896
English
Arabic
space arbitrage
two-point arbitrage
spaghetti bowl
Spanish and Portuguese Section
[TGS]
Spanish Division
Spanish flu
spare capacity
spatial economics
speaking notes
[IMF]
special account
[Paris Club]
special accounts and special deposit accounts
[GFS 1986]
Special Advisor on Diversity
Special Advisor to the Managing Director
[IMF-OMD]
Page897
English
Arabic
special and differential treatment
SDT
Special Assistant to the Deputy Managing Director
[IMF-OMB]
Special Association (agreement)
((
[IMF relations with U.S.S.R.]
special charges
[IMF]
additional charges
Special Contingent Account 1

First Special Contingent Account
()

SCA-1
Special Contingent Account 2

SCA-2
()

Second Special Contingent Account
Special Contingent Account
[BPM5]
Special Contingent Accounts--First and Second
[IMF]
Special Data Dissemination Standard

[IMF-EBB]
SDDS
special standard
more demanding standard
Page898
English
Arabic
Special Disbursement Account

SDA
Special Drawing Account

[AA]
special drawing rights

[BPM5]
SDR
paper gold
[SDR]
special drawing right
special election
[IMF, Executive Directors]
Special Facilities and Issues Division
Special Facility for Sub-Saharan Africa

[IBRD]
SFSA
Special Facility for Africa
SFA
Africa Facility
special facility
[IMF]
Special Family Allowances Fund
[Belgium]
Page899
English
Arabic
Special Financial Operations Unit
[IBRD]
SFO
Special Financial Supervisory Issues Division
Special Financial Supervisory Issues Section
[MAE/AI/...]
special fiscal institution
SFI
Special Inspector General for the Troubled Asset Relief Program
special interest group

SIGS
( )

lobby
special majority
qualified majority
supermajority
special meeting
special mention
Special Office Support Group
[HRD/RSD]
SOS
Page900
English
Arabic
special one-time allocation of SDRs

[IMF]
one-time special SDR allocation
equity allocation of SDRs
special SDR allocation
special allocation of SDRs
Special Operations Division
special post allowance

[UN]
Special Program of Assistance (for the Low-Income DebtDistressed Countries in Sub-Saharan Africa)
)
(
[IBRD]
SPA
Special Program of Assistance (to Sub-Saharan Africa)
special purpose entity

SPE
special purpose vehicle

SPV
special purpose entity
Special Recommendations on Terrorist Financing

[1993 -]

[FATF]
FATF 8
Eight Special Recommendations
8 Special Recommendations on Terrorist Financing
FATF 8 Special Recommendations
Page901
English
Arabic
Special Representative to the EU
[IMF-EUO]
Special Representative to the United Nations
special revenue bond
special services departments
Special Structural Adjustment Loan
[IBRD]
Special Trade Representative/Director
[IMF-GEN]
special transactions plan
[IMF]
special treatment
special undertaking
Special United Nations Fund for Economic Development
[UN]
specialized agency
[UN]
Specialized Programs Unit
[INS/AV/TR/SP]
Page902
English
Arabic
Specific Investment Loan
[IBRD]
specific tariff
specification
spectral analysis
spectral density
spectral regression
spectrum
speculation
speculative attack
speculative bubble
speculative demand for money
speculative motive
speculation motive
Speech by Managing Director
[IMF document series; MD/SP/...]

MDSP
Page903
English
Arabic
Speechwriter
[IMF-EXR]
spending-production lag
Spexit
spillover effect
spillover
spinoff effect
spillovers
spillover report
spin off
( )
[enterprises]
spin-off
[enterprises]
split pricing
differential pricing
split-off
[enterprises]
spoils system
Page904
English
Arabic
spot market
cash market
spot price
spot quotation
spot rate
cash price
spot transaction
spot exchange transaction
spouse allowance
[IMF-HRD]
spouse and child allowance

[IMF-HRD]
SCA
spread between highest and lowest interbank rate
[FSIG]
SIR
spread between reference lending and deposit rates
[FSIG]
SLDR
spread effect
Page905
English
Arabic
spread option contract

[derivatives]
spread option
spread over LIBOR
spread
[SNA93]
spreading of risks
risk spreading
risk diversification
spreadsheet
Spring Meetings
[IMF; IBRD]
spurious correlation
square matrix
Stability and Growth Pact
SGP
stabilization fund
[IMF, GMBS]
stabilization measure

[1993-]
Page906
English
Arabic
stabilization policy
Stabilization System for Export Earnings
[Lom Convention]
STABEX
stable but adjustable par values
Staff Assistant
[IMF]
Staff Association Committee
[HRD/AI/SA]
SAC Office
SAC
Staff Association
[IMF]
Staff Benefits Division
Staff Bulletin
[IMF document series; SB/...]

SB
Staff Development Center
[IMF-HRD]
Staff Development Division
[HRD/SD]
Page907
English
Arabic
staff development
[personnel]
staff dispersal
staff estimates
[IMF]
staff member
[IMF]
Staff Memorandum
[IMF document series; SM/...]
SM
staff report
staff mission
[IMF]
Staff Papers
Staff Position Note

Staff Position Paper
staff projections
[IMF]
staff regulations
[IMF]
Page908
English
Arabic
staff report for the Article IV consultations
Article IV report
Staff Retirement Fund
[IMF]
SRF
Staff Retirement Plan
[IMF]
SRP
staffing level
staff-monitored program
SMP
Fund-monitored program
stage one
[IMF, safeguards assessment]
stage two
[IMF, safeguards assessment]
stagflation
stagnation
stakeholder
Page909
English
Arabic
stale check
stamp tax
stand alone Article IV reports
Standard & Poor's Corporation
standard basket
[currencies]
Standard Central American Tariff Code
CAUCA
standard component
standard data report form
SDRF
standardized data report form
standard report form
SRF
standard deviation
standard error of estimate
SEE
SE
Standard International Trade Classification
[UN]
SITC
Page910
English
Arabic
standard loan
standard market quotation
standard normal distribution
standard normal variable
standard of living
[CPI]
standard of value
standardization
standardized variable
standards
Standards and Codes Initiative
Standards and Coordination Unit
[PDR/AI/SC]
standard-setting organization
Page911
English
Arabic
Stand-By Arrangement
[IMF]
SBA
stand-by charge
[IMF]
Standby Credit Facility
SCF
stand-by credit
stand-by loan
Stand-By Operations Division
[SPR/ST]
SBO
standing authorization
standing committee
standstill agreement
standstill
standstill commitment
[WTO]
standstill on payments
standstill agreement
Page912
English
STAP Ad Hoc Working Group on Biodiversity
[GEF]
Arabic
AWGB
staple crop
start-up company
start-up
start-up cost
State Asset Supervision and Administration Commission
[CHN]
SASAC
state capture
State Department
[USA]
state government
state trading economy
state, provincial, or regional government
Page913
English
Arabic
statement of account
[banking]
account statement
statement of changes in financial position

[accounting]
statement of income and expenses

statement of income
income statement
profit and loss statement
income and expense statement
Statement of Surveillance Priorities
state-owned asset management company
static efficiency
stationary process
stationary state
statistic
statistical advisor
Statistical Advisory Committee
[FAO]
SAC
Page914
English
Arabic
statistical annex
[IMF documents]
Statistical Appendix
[IMF]
statistical boundary
boundary
Statistical Commission
[UN]
statistical correspondent
[IMF-STA]
correspondent on statistical matters
Statistical Data and Metadata Exchange initiative
SDMX initiative
Statistical Data and Metadata Exchange
SDMX
statistical data source
[MPI]
statistical decision theory

decision analysis
statistical discrepancy
[statistics]
Page915
English
Arabic
Statistical Division
[UN]
UNSD
statistical inference
Statistical Information Management Section
[STA/AI/SI]
SIMS
Statistical Measurement of Financial Derivatives
statistical noise
Statistical Office of the European Communities

[EU]
EUROSTAT
statistical update
[IMF documents]
statistically significant
Statistics Canada
[CAN]
StatCan
StatsCan
Page916
English
Arabic
Statistics Department
[IMF]
STA
status of the Fund
status, immunities, and privileges
[AA]
statutory ceiling
statutory law
statutory power
statutory reserve
[banking; insurance]
legal reserve
stay (of enforcement action)
[capital market]
stay of payments
stay on creditor litigation
steady state
( )
( )

Page917
English
Arabic
steady-state growth
steering committee
Steering Committee on Coordination of Technical Assistance in
Statistics to countries of the Former Soviet Union

Steering Committee on the Coordination of Technical Assistance
in Statistics to the Countries of the Former Soviet Union
[IMF-STA]
Steering Committee to Coordinate Technical Assistance in
Statistics to countries of the former Soviet Union
Steering Committee on the Coordination of Technical Assistance
in Statistics to the Baltic countries, Russia, and other countries of
the former Soviet Union
Steering Committee on Coordination of Technical Assistance in
Statistics to Countries of the Former Soviet Union
SCCTAS
Technical Assistance Unit
stem and roll back
[trade restrictions]
stem cell
step depreciation
discrete depreciation
one-off depreciation
discrete step depreciation
step problem
Page918
English
Arabic
step-up recovery floating rate note

SURF
sterilization
sterilize
[funds]
sterilized intervention
[central banking]
steward

( )

[GEF]
stickiness
downward rigidity
stigma
stochastic
stochastic dynamic general equilibrium
SDGE
stochastic model
Page919
English
Arabic
stochastic process
stochastic relationship
stochastically independent (ratios)
stock buyback
share repurchase
share buyback
stock consolidation
reverse split
reverse split-up
splitback
splitdown
stock cycle
inventory cycle
stock data
position data
stock dividend
[USA]
scrip issue
[GBR]
stock index option contract
Page920
English
Arabic
stock ledger
[accounting]
share ledger
stock option plan
stock split
[securities]
split
split-up
stock variable
stock
[SNA93]
stockbuilding
stock-of-debt operation
[Paris Club; HIPC Initiative; Debt Guide, 1993]
debt stock agreement
stockpiling
Stockroom
[IMF]
stocks and flows
Page921
English
Arabic
stock-to-use ratio
stop loss (order)
[securities]
stop payment (of a check), to
stop-filer
[taxation]
stopgap measure
( )
palliative measure
stop-go (policy)
stop and go
stop-loss rules
store of value
stores and fuel
[BPM5]
straddle
straight bond
Page922
English
Arabic
straight debt
straight through processing
STP
straight-line depreciation
[accounting]
linear depreciation
strategic behaviour
Strategic Climate Fund
SCF
Strategic Compact
[IBRD]
Strategic Directions
Strategic Framework on Development and Climate Change

DCCSF
Development and Climate Change: A Strategic Framework for the

World Bank Group
Strategic Framework on Climate Change and Development
SFCCD
strategic investor
Strategic Issues Division
[RES/SI]
Page923
English
Arabic
Strategic Partnership with Africa
[IBRD]
SPA
Strategy, Policy, and Review Department
[IMF]
SPR
stratification
streamline, to
streamlined Article IV consultations
streamlining of conditionality
streamlining of the public sector
Streamlining Structural Conditionality in Fund-Supported
Programs: Interim Guidance Note

[IMF]
Interim Guidance Note on Streamlining Structural Conditionality
strengthened debt strategy
[IMF]
strengthening of ownership
( )
( )
)(
)(
Page924
English
Arabic
stress test scenario
[bank supervision]
stress test
stress testing
[FSAP]
strictly confidential
strike
stripped bond
stripped security
stripping (of coupons from bonds)
strong adjusters

( )
( )

[IMF/WEO]
strong law of large numbers
structural adjustment
Structural Adjustment Advisory Team for Africa
[UNDP]
SAATA
Page925
English
Arabic
structural adjustment credit
[IBRD]
SAC
Structural Adjustment Lending
[IBRD]
SAL
Structural Adjustment Loan
[IBRD]
SAL
structural benchmark
SB
structural break
structural budget balance
structural change in output
structural conditionality
structural equation
[econometrics]
structural funds
[EC]
Page926
English
Arabic
Structural Impediments Initiative

[USA; trade]
SII
structural model
structural parameter
structural performance criterion

structural PC
structural reform
structural rigidity
structural inflexibility
structural unemployment
structure and coding system of international transactions in
services classification
[BOP]
structured asset
structured credit product
structured finance
structured interview
Page927
English
Arabic
structured investment vehicle

SIV
structured note
Student's t-distribution
t-distribution
Student distribution
Student's t-statistic
[statistics]
t-statistic
t-ratio
Study Group on Deposit Insurance
[FSF]
stunted growth
stylized fact
Subaccount for Japan Advanced Scholarship Program
Subcommittee on Statistical Activities
( )
[UN-ACC]
subcomponent
subcontract
Page928
Arabic
English
subject to charges
subject to repurchase
submission of bids
subnational government
subordinated debt
junior debt
subordinated loan
subordinated term debt

][BIS Capital Accord
Page929
subprime mortgage crisis
subprime mortgage market

nonprime mortgage market
subprime mortgage
subprime loan
subprime sector
English
Arabic
Sub-Saharan Africa Regional Economic Outlook
sub-Saharan Africa
((
SSA
subsample
subscribe to the standard
[GDDS, SDDS]
subscriber country
[GDDS, SDDS]
subscript
subscription to international organizations
subscription to the standard
[GDDS, SDDS]
subscriptions of members
[IMF]
subsection
subset

[1997 -]

[mathematics]
Page930
English
Arabic
subsidiarity
[EU]
subsidiary enterprise
subsidiary
incorporated branch
subsidiary company
subsidized interest rate
subsidy
subsidy resources
subsistence income
subsoil asset
substance over form
reality over appearance
substandard asset
subpar asset
Substantial New Programme of Action for the 1980's for the Least
Developed Countries
[UN]
substantive audit testing

substantive testing
Page931
English
Arabic
substitute for x
X X
[equations]
substitute good
substitute
competitive good
substitution
substitution account
substitution bias
substitution effect
substitution of securities for currency
[IMF]
substitution threshold price
[international commodity agreements]
success ratio
successful bidder
successful tenderer
successor financial arrangement
successor organization
Page932
English
Arabic
successor state
[IMF membership]
sudden stop of capital flows

sudden stop
SS
sudden stop crises
Sudo
sufficient estimator
sufficient statistic
summary accounting
summary proceedings

)(
summary record
summary statement
[IMF, operations and transactions]
summary table
[GFSY]
summation
summation sign
Page933
English
Summit Level Group for South-South Consultations and Cooperation
Arabic
Group of Fifteen
Group of 15
Summit of South American - Arab Countries

Braslia Declaration
sum-of-the-years'-digits
[accounting]
SOYD
sundry cash accounts

[BL]
sunk cost

[1997 -]
sunken cost
sunset clause
sunset clause requirement
sunset legislation
[USA]
sunset act
Super 301 Clause
( ) 301
[USA; Structural Impediments Initiative]
superdividend
Page934
English
Arabic
superlative index
superscript
Supervisory Capital Assessment Program
[USA]
SCAP
supervisory college
supervisory data source
[MPI]
supervisory practice and regulation
supervisory regime
supplement reserves, need to
[IMF]
Supplemental Reserve Facility
[IMF]
SRF
Supplemental Retirement Benefit Plan
[IMF]
SRBP
Page935
English
Arabic
supplementary budget
supplementary appropriation
Supplementary Financing Facility Subsidy Account
[IMF]
SFF Subsidy Account
[IMF]
Supplementary Financing Facility
[IMF]
SFF
supplementary financing instrument
SFI
supplementary security income
[USA]
SSI
Supplementary Special Deposit Scheme

The Corset
Supplementary Trade Mechanism
[EC]
STM
supplier industry
upstream industry
supplier
[economics]
Page936
English
Arabic
supplier's credit

supplies and equipment
[BPM5]
supply and use
[SNA93]
supply bottleneck
supply curve
supply price of investment
supply schedule
supply
[SNA93]
supply-chain disruptions
supply-side economics
supply-side policy
Page937
English
Arabic
supply-sider
Support Group Secretarial Staff
SSG
Secretarial Support Group
SSG
support intervention
[exchange market]
support price
support ratio
support remittance
support services
[IMF]
support staff
[IMF]
supporting document
supporting policies
supporting table
Page938
English
Arabic
suppressed inflation
repressed inflation
supranational authorities
[GFS 1986]
surcharge
surcharge to the basic rate of charge
[IMF]
surety bond
[contracts]
surface rights
surging capital inflow
surplus country
surplus value
surplus
[accounting]
surrender
surrender of foreign exchange
Page939
English
Arabic
surveillance
surveillance (ongoing)
surveillance agenda
( )
SA
Surveillance Body
[Uruguay Round]
Surveillance Committee
Surveillance document
[IMF document series; SUR/...]

SUR
Surveillance Guidance Note

Surveillance Note
Surveillance Operations Division
[SPR/SV]
surveillance over exchange arrangements
[IMF]
Surveillance Policy Division
SPD
Surveillance Review Division
[SPR/SW]
Page940
English
Arabic
survey form
questionnaire
Survey of Consumer Finances
Survey of Geographical Distribution of Securities held by
International Organizations
SSIO
Survey of Implementation of Methodological Standards for Direct

Investment
SIMSDI
Survey of the Geographical Distribution of Securities Held as
Foreign Exchange Reserves

SEFER Survey
survey on capital markets
[IMF]
survey sampling
survivor bias
survivorship bias
suspense account
transit account
clearing account
suspensive regime
Page941
English
Arabic
suspicious activity report

[USA]
SAR
suspicious transaction report
[GBR]
STR
sustainability
sustainable debt
sustainable development
sustainable growth
sustainable lending
sustained capital outflow
swap arrangement
swap
swap line
temporary reciprocal currency arrangement
swaption
swap option
Page942
English
Arabic
sweep account
sweetener
swift messages
swine flu
swine influenza

1N1H)A)
H1N1 Flu
influenza A (H1N1)
Novel influenza A (H1N1)
swine influenza A/H1N1
swing credit
swipe card
Swiss Options and Financial Futures Exchange
SOFFEX
switch operation
switch transaction
[exchange market]
switching
bond switching
Page943
English
Arabic
SWOT analysis
strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats
symmetrical action
[AA]
syndicate
consortium
pool
syndicated loan
syndicated credit
syndication
[ICM]
synthetic collateralized debt obligation
synthetic CDO
synthetic index
synthetic instrument
synthetic position
system of accounting and internal control
Page944
English
Arabic
System of Balances of the National Economy

[BPM5]
System of Material Product Balances

[BPM5]
MPS
System of National Accounts 1993
[UN]
SNA 1993
System of National Accounts
[BPM5; SNA93]
SNA
systematic risk
[financial sector]
market risk
undiversifiable risk
beta risk
systematically important countries
[IMF]
SICs
Systemic Banking Issues Division
Systemic Issues and Crisis Resolution Division
[MCM/SI]
systemic risk regulator
Page945
English
Arabic
systemic risk
Systemic Transformation Facility
[IMF]
STF
systemically important country
systemically important financial institutions
SIFI
systemically important institution
systemically less important economies
systemically more important economies
Systems Development Division
Systems Production Division
T3
TA Area Chief
[IMF]
Technical Assistance Area Chief
table top exercise

desk top exercise
Page946
English
Arabic
tabulation
( )
t-account

[1993 -]
T
tactical trading funds
Taif Agreement for National Reconciliation
[Lebanon]
tail event
tail risk
tailwinds
TAIMS
Technical Assistance Information Management System
tainted asset
tainting rule
tainting
Takaful
takeoff
[economics]
Page947
English
Arabic
take-or-pay contract
takeover
[enterprises]
tangency
tangible common equity
TCE
tangible equity capital
tangible-net-worth covenant
TNW covenant
Tankan Survey
tap issue
[government securities]
target company
target group
target language
target range
target redemption notes
Page948
English
Arabic
target variable
target zone model
target zone
( )
[exchange rates]
targeting
tariff barrier
tariff binding
( )

[trade]
binding
tariff escalation
tariff heading
[BTN]
tariff item
[BTN, SITC]
tariff peak
[GATT]
peak
[BPM5]
tariff preference
Page949
English
Arabic
tariff rate quota system

[trade]
tariff reduction
tariff schedule
tariff simplification
Tartan tax
[Scotland]
task force
Task Force for Palestinian Reforms

Task Force on Palestinian Reform
Task Force on Anti-Money Laundering and the Financing of
Terrorism
[IMF]
Task Force on Concessional Flows

[Development Committee]
Task Force on Coordinated Portfolio Investment Survey

[IMF-STA]
Task Force on External Debt and Reserves
[IMF]
Page950
English
Task Force on Finance Statistcs
Arabic
TFFS
Inter-Agency Task Force on Finance Statistics
[UN]
Task Force on Finance Statistics
[UN]
Task Force on Implementation of Standards
[FSF]
Task Force on Multilateral Development Banks
Task Force on Nonconcessional Flows
Task Force on the Harmonization of Public Sector Accounting
TFHPSA
Task Force on the Reform of the International Monetary and
Financial System
[Group of 24]
tax abatement
Tax Administration Division
tax administration
[agency]
tax bureau
Page951
English
Arabic
tax amnesty
tax arbitrage
tax arrears
tax assessment
[GFSM]
assessment
tax assignment
tax audit
tax avoidance
tax base
tax betterment levy

betterment levy
tax bracket
tax buoyancy
buoyancy of a tax system
/
/
buoyancy of tax revenue
tax burden
Page952
English
Arabic
tax burden distribution
tax clearing certificate
tax clearance
tax collection
tax concession
tax benefit
Tax Coordination Division
tax credit
[GFSM]
credit against (a) tax
tax deductible
tax deduction
tax deferral
tax elasticity
tax enforcement
enforced collection
tax equity
tax fairness
Page953
English
Arabic
tax equivalency allowance
tax evasion
tax expenditure
tax handle
tax haven
tax holiday
tax incentive
tax incidence
incidence of taxation
tax indexation
tax liability
[GFS 1986]
tax lien
tax loophole
Page954
English
Arabic
tax loss carryback

carryback
loss carryback
tax manage
tax neutrality
tax payment
Tax Policy Division
[FAD/TP]
tax power
tax authority
tax preference
tax rate
tax ratio
tax rebate
tax offset
offset
tax reform
Page955
English
Arabic
tax refund
[GFS 1986]
tax relief
tax break
tax return
tax revenue
[GFSM; GFSY]
tax receipts
tax yield
tax shelter
tax smoothing
tax sparing credit
tax sparing
tax threshold
tax war
tax competition
tax wedge
fiscal wedge
Page956
English
Arabic
tax withholding
withholding at source
tax year
[taxation]
taxable year
base year
fiscal year
FY
taxable capacity
ability to pay
taxable event
taxable income
taxation
tax-based income policy
tax-based incomes policy

TIP
taxes on capital transfers
[BOP]
taxes on corporate net wealth
[GFS 1986]
Page957
English
Arabic
taxes on goods and services

[GFS 1986; GFSM]
taxes on income, profits, and capital gains

[GFSM; GFSY]
taxes on payroll or workforce
taxes on personal net wealth
[GFS 1986]
taxpayer compliance
tax compliance
taxpayer identification number

TIN
tax identification number
single tax identification number
taxpayer
[SNA93]
tax-to-base elasticity
Taylor rule
TCAP
technical advisor, long-term
Page958
English
Arabic
Technical Assistance & Law Reform Unit
[IMF-LEG]
TA and Law Reform Unit
Technical Assistance Advisor
[IMF]
TA Advisor
Technical Assistance and Law Reform Group
[IMF-LEG]
TALR
Technical Assistance and Seminars Unit
Technical Assistance Country Strategy Note
TACSN
Technical Assistance Division
Technical Assistance Loan
[IBRD]
Technical Assistance Secretariat
[OMD/OBP/TS]
TAS
Technical Assistance Unit
TAU
Technical Assistance Wing
TAW
Page959
English
Arabic
technical assistance
[BPM5]
TA
technical consultations
TC
Technical Cooperation among Developing Countries

[UN]
TCDC
technical defect
[GA]
Technical Expert Group on the Consumer Price Index

TEG-CPI
Technical Expert Group on Producer Price Indices
TEG-PPI
Technical Group
[G-24]
Technical Memorandum of Understanding

[IMF]
TMU
technical memorandum
technical reserves
Technical Subgroup on the Movement of Natural Persons - Mode
4
[United Nations]
Page960
English
Arabic
technological gap
Technology and General Services Department
[IMF]
TGS
Technology Operations Division
technology transfer
transfer of technology
TED spread
temporary admission
[customs]
Temporary Assignment Program
[IMF]
TAP
temporary employment
temporary occupation
Temporary International Mechanism
[Palestinian Authority]
TIM
tender offer
takeover bid
Page961
English
Arabic
tender rate
[UK treasury bills]
tenor
Term Auction Facility
TAF
term credit
term loan
term of maturity
maturity
life
term
term premium
term repurchase agreement
term repo
term sheet
terminating participant
[AA]
termination grant
termination of a par value

[1993-]
[AA]
Page962
English
Arabic
termination of participation
[IMF]
termination prior to liquidation

[AA-II]
termination

[1993-]
[IMF accounts]
terms and conditions

[GFSM]
terms of a credit
terms of reference
TOR
terms of trade
terms
Tesobono
[MEX]
test date
[IMF]
test number
[cables]
Page963
English
Arabic
test of commensurability
commensurability test
invariance to changes in the units of measurement test
test statistic
tested cable
testing
The Commonwealth
The dismal science
The Kok report
the Library Network
thelibrarynetwork
The Los Cabos Accountability Assessment Framework
thematic and geographic balance (of projects)
( )
[GEF]
thematic area
[GEF]
thematic group
[IBRD]
Page964
English
Arabic
thematic team
[IBRD]
theorem
theoretical distribution
theoretical regression
theory of location
theory of the core
thin capitalization rule
thin cap rule

earning-stripping rule
thin market
narrow market
inactive market
slack market
thin trading
low volume
think tank
Third Way
[IBRD]
Page965
English
Arabic
Third Window
[IBRD]
three-month Libor
three-year arrangement
[ESAF, PRGF]
threshold effect
threshold
[HIPC]
thrift institution
thrift
through-the-cycle rating
TTC
tied agent
tied aid
tied-aid loans

Page966
English
Arabic
tier 1 capital
capital tier one
core capital
primary capital

( 1)

[EU; banking]
tier 2 capital
capital tier two
supplementary capital
secondary capital

( )
[EU]
tiered response
tight credit policy
tight labor market
tight market
tightening of policy
hardening of policy
time consistency
time consistency problem
Page967
English
Arabic
time deposit
fixed-term deposit
certificate of deposit
[FSIG; GMBS]
CD
time horizon
horizon
time inconsistency
time lag
lag
time of recording
timing of recording
time path
time preference
time regression
time reversal test
time sensitive
time series
time series analysis
Page968
English
Arabic
time series data
[statistics]
time sharing
time-based repurchase expectations
[IMF]
timeliness (of data)

[IMF-EBB]
timing adjustment
timing of debt relief
( )
( )
[HIPC]
timing-based crisis-lending facility
[IMF]
timing-based lending facility
timing-based crisis prevention facility
timing based facility
tipping point
Tobin tax
currency transactions tax
CTT
Tobin's Q ratio
Tobin's Q
Q ratio
Page969
English
Arabic
Tobit model
Tokyo Conference on African Development

[UN]
Tokyo Declaration
[GATT]
Tokyo International Forum
Tokyo Round (of Multilateral Trade Negotiations)

[GATT]
( )
tolerance limits
tombstone
too big to fail

[criterion, bank]
TBTF
too-connected-to-fail
Topical Trust Fund on Managing Natural Resource Wealth
MNRW-TTF
Managing Natural Resource Wealth
MNRW
Page970
English
Topical Trust Fund on Tax Policy and Administration
Arabic
TPA-TTF
Tax Policy and Administration
TPA
topical trust fund
TTF
topping up
[Paris Club]
topping-up assistance
Trnqvist superlative index
Toronto terms
Toronto treatment
total expenditure and lending minus repayments
[GFSY]
total factor productivity
TFP
total grants received in cash and in kind
[GFSY]
Page971
English
Arabic
total quality management

[O&M, quality control]
TQM
Total Quality Control

TQC
total return swap

total revenue and grants
[GFSY]
Townhall Meeting
township-village enterprises
[CHN]
TVE
toxic assets
track record, to establish a positive
[IMF overdue financial obligations; HIPC Initiative]

proven record, to establish a
traction
traction of IMF Surveillance
tradable goods
tradables
Page972
English
Arabic
Trade and Development Board
[UNCTAD]
TDB
Trade and Environment Committee
[WTO]
trade arrears
trade barrier
trade impediment
Trade Committee
[OECD]
trade creation
trade credit
trade financing
commercial credit
trade loan
trade currency
trade date
trade deepening
Page973
English
Arabic
trade deficit
trade gap
trade diversion
Trade Integration Mechanism
TIM
trade margin
Trade Negotiations Committee
[GATT]
TNC
trade netting
Trade Policy Coordinating Committee
[CAREC]
TPCC
Trade Policy Division
[SPR/TR]
Trade Policy Information Database
[IMF]
trade promotion authority

[USA]
fast track authority

[USA]
Page974
English
Arabic
trade remedy measures
trade remedies
trade repository
central data repository
CDR
trade restriction
trade restrictive practice
trade restrictiveness index
TRI
trade sanction
trade statistics
trade figures
traded endowment policy

[insurance]
TEP
second hand endowment policy
traded good
trade-off
trade-off model of cash holdings
( )
Page975
English
Arabic
trade-related aspects of intellectual property rights
[WTO]
TRIPs
trade-related investment measure
[GATT]
TRIM
trade-related technical assistance and capacity building
[WTO]
TRTA/CB
trade-weighted
trading (in stock market)

( ) /
trading blocs
trading book
trading gains and losses
trading partners
partner countries
trading pit
trading floor
Page976
English
Arabic
trading room
[banking]
trading floor
traditional debt relief mechanisms
tragedy of the commons
Training Administration Section
[INS/AV/TR]
Training Administrator
[INS]
TA
Training Section
[HRD/SD/TR]
tranche policy
[IMF]
tranche position
[IMF]
transaction arranged by the IMF
[IMF]
arranged transaction
transaction balances
transaction basis
Page977
English
Arabic
transaction by agreement
[IMF]
transaction cost
transaction currency
[BPM5]
transaction demand for money
transaction value
[Customs]
transaction velocity (of money)
transaction with designation
[SDR]
designated transaction
transaction
[IMF]
transactional motive
[monetary theory]
transaction motive
transactions account
[USA]
transactions approach
[CPI]
Page978
English
Arabic
transactions in goods, services, and income

[BPM5]
transactions without designation
transactor
transactor principle
transcendental logarithmic function

translog function
Trans-European Automated Real-Time Gross Settlement Express
Transfer System
[EMI]
TARGET System
transfer cost
transfer in kind
[BPM5]
transfer income
transfer of real resources
transfer payment
[GFS 1986]
Page979
English
Arabic
transfer price
transfer pricing
transfer pricing
transfer risk

transfer tax
transferable contracts
[BOP]
transferable security
transferee
[SDR]
transferor
[SDR]
transhumance
transit trade
[BPM5; BPM6]
transition country
[IMF country classification]
country in transition
transition economy
Page980
English
Arabic
Transition Report
[EBRD]
transitional arrangements
[IMF]
transitional procedures
[IMF]
transitional provisions
[AA]
Transitional Support Strategy
[World Bank; AGO, TIL]

TSS
Transition Support Strategy
[COD]
Translation Coordination Assistant
[TGS/L]
TCA
Translation Coordination Center
TCC
Translation Division
[IMF-TGS/L]
Translation Editorial Officer
[TGS/L]
Page981
English
Arabic
Translation Editorial Officer, Senior
[TGS/L]
Translation Processing Center
[TGS/AI/LP]
TPC
transmission mechanism
Trans-Pacific Strategic Economic Partnership
transparency
transparency report
[G-22]
transparent policy
transportation allowance
[IMF-HRD]
Transportation Section
[TGS/DG/TR]
transshipment
[customs]
Page982
English
Arabic
transversality
transversality condition
no-Ponzi game
no-Ponzi game condition
travel allowance
[IMF-HRD]
Travel and Meetings Unit
travel and transportation expenses

[BL]
Travel Payments Section

[1997 -]
[FIN/AX/TR]
travelers check
Treasurer (of the Fund)
( )
[IMF-TRE]
Treasurer, Assistant
Treasurer, Deputy
Treasurer's Department
TRE
treasury bill
( )
T-bill
Page983
English
Arabic
treasury bond
( )
T-bond
Treasury Inflation-Protected Security

TIPS
Treasury Inflation-Indexed Security
treasury note
( )
T-note
Treasury Single Account
TSA
Treasury-IMF account
TIMF account
Treaty on European Union

Maastricht Treaty
Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons
[UN]
NPT
trend
trend analysis
trend GDP
trend inflation
structural inflation
Page984
English
Arabic
trend path
trend rate
trend rate of growth
trend value
trend variable
trending
Treuhandanstalt
[Germany]
German Trust Fund Agency
trial and error
ttonnement
trial balance
[accounting]
working balance
triangular trade
trickle down theory
Page985
English
Arabic
Triennial Surveillance Review
TSR
trigger
trigger price
trillion
[IMF-IBRD; USA]
Trinidad and Tobago terms

[Paris Club]
Trinidad terms
triple audit
[Turkey]
triple-digit inflation
tripolar monetary system
troubled assets
Troubled Assets Relief Program
TARP
troubled financial institution
Page986
English
Arabic
trough
troy ounce of fine gold

fine troy ounce
fine ounce
true cost of living index
( )
true mean
Trust Account
[IMF-ESAF]
fiduciary account
trust and company service provider

TCSPS
Trust for Special ESAF Operations for the Heavily Indebted Poor
Countries and Interim ESAF Subsidy Operations
[IMF]
ESAF-HIPC Trust
[IMF]
Trust for Special Poverty Reduction and Growth Operations for

the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries and Interim ECF Subsidy
Operations
PRG-HIPC Trust
Trust Fund Cash Account
[IMF]
Page987
English
Arabic
Trust Fund Instrument
[IMF]
Trust Fund
[IMF]
trust
[BPM6; SNA93; FSIG]
trustee
trustee savings bank
tundra
tunneling
turning point
turnaround
change point
turn-key project
turnover ratio
turnover tax
Page988
English
Arabic
turnover
sales
twin crises
twin deficit
twin loan
Twin Towers
twin-track approach
[Horn of Africa]
two pack
[European Union]
two-speed recovery
two-stage least squares
[statistics]
two-tailed test
[statistics]
two-sided test
two-tier banking system
Page989
English
Arabic
two-tier development
two-tier market
two-tier pricing system
two-way breakdown
( )
two-way quote
two-way price
two-way trading arrangements
( )

two-way transaction
[SDR]
U.S.-Canada Free Trade Agreement
UCITS
Undertakings for Collective Investment in Transferable Securities
ultimate risk
Umbrella Account for HIPC Operations
[ESAF-HIPC]
umpire
[law]
Page990
English
UN Development Group-World Bank Fiduciary Principles Accord
Arabic
FPA
UN Post Adjustment Index

[UN]
UNPAI
unanchored inflation expectations
unanimous consent
unbanked people
underbanked
unbanked
unbiased
unbiased estimator
[statistics]
unchallengeable use
[SDR]
unchecked demand
UNCITRAL Model Law on Cross-Border Insolvency
unclassified government agency
[BOP]
Page991
English
Arabic
unclassified
uncommitted resources
unconditional financial contract
unconditional liquidity
unconventional policies
uncovered check
uncovered interest rate differential
undeclared employment
unreported employment
underbanked
underbid
undercapitalization
[enterprises]
underconsumption
undercoverage

( )
( )
Page992
English
Arabic
undercropping
intercropping
mixed cropping
underdeveloped country
UDC
underemployment
[SNA93]
underfunding
underinvestment
underinvoicing
[SNA93]
underlying balance approach
underlying deficit
structural deficit
underlying item
underlying asset
Page993
Arabic
English
underlying security
][derivatives
underlying instrument
underlying
][BPM6; SNA93
Page994
underrepresented countries
under-resourcing the IMF
undershooting
undervalued currency
underwriter
underwriting bank
][securities
underwriter
underwriting fee
underwriting commission
English
Arabic
underwriting syndicate
underwriting consortium
underwriting group
underwriting pool
issue syndicate
underwriters
underwriting
[securities]
undisbursed debt
undrawn balance
unearned income
uneconomic
[SNA93]
uneconomical
unemployed
[SNA93]
unemployment benefit
unemployment compensation
unemployment insurance
Page995
English
Arabic
unemployment trap
unemployment
[GFSM; SNA93]
unenforceable
unexplained variance
residual variance
unfair competition
unfair competitive advantage
unfilled orders
unfulfilled repurchase expectation
) (
[IMF]
unfunded employee social benefits

[SNA93]
unfunded social benefits

unfunded benefits
[SNA93]
unfunded liabilities
[insurance; retirement]
Page996
English
Arabic
unfunded mandate
[USA]
Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credits
[International Chamber of Commerce, USA]

UCP 500
uniform delivery price
uniform norm for remuneration
[IMF]
uniform norm
uniform system for pricing
uniformly most powerful test
uniform-proportionate changes
[AA]
unilateral currency union
unilateral debt rescheduling
unimodal
unimpaired
[bank supervision]
satisfactory
Page997
English
Arabic
unincorporated enterprise
unincorporated business
unincorporated public enterprise
unincorporated government enterprise
Union of Banana Exporting Countries
UPEB
Union of International Associations
UIA
Union of South American Nations
unionization
unionized labor
Unit Chief
[IMF]
Unit Chief, Deputy
[IMF]
unit elasticity
unitary elasticity
unit labor cost
Page998
English
Arabic
unit labor cost-based real effective exchange rate
ULC-based real effective exchange rate
Unit of Account of the Common Market for Eastern and Southern
Africa
UACOMESA
unit of output
unit produced
unit of value
unit root test
unit value
unit value index

[FSIG]
unitary exchange rate
unitary rate of exchange
unitary state
United Cities and Local Governments
UCLG
United Nations Capital Development Fund
[UNDP]
UNCDF
Page999
English
Arabic
United Nations Center for Human Rights
United Nations Center for Regional Development
UNCRD
United Nations Centre for Human Settlements

HABITAT
UNCHS
United Nations Centre on Transnational Corporations

UNCTC
United Nations Children's Fund

UNICEF
United Nations Commission on International Trade Law

UNCITRAL
United Nations Conference on Environment and Development

UNCED
Earth Summit
United Nations Conference on New and Renewable Sources of
Energy
UNERG
United Nations Conference on Science and Technology for
Development
United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea
Page1000
English
Arabic
United Nations Conference on the Least Developed Countries
United Nations Conference on Trade and Development

UNCTAD
United Nations Convention Against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs

and Psychotropic Substances
[UN]
Vienna Convention
United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized
Crime
United Nations Covention against Transnational Organized Crime
Palermo Convention
United Nations Development Assistance Framework

[UN]
UNDAF
( )
United Nations Development Fund for Women

UNIFEM
United Nations Development Group

[UN]
United Nations Development Programme

UNDP
United Nations Diplomatic Conference of Plenipotentiaries on the

Establishment of an International Criminal Court
Page1001
English
Arabic
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization

UNESCO
United Nations Environment Programme
UNEP
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
[GEF]
UNFCCC
United Nations Fund for Population Activities
[UN]
UNFPA
United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
UNHCR
United Nations Industrial Development Fund
UNIDF
United Nations Industrial Development Organization
UNIDO
United Nations Institute for Training and Research
( )
UNITAR
United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo
[UN]
UNMIK
United Nations International Conference on Population and
Development
Page1002
English
Arabic
United Nations International Drug Control Program

UNIDCP
United Nations International Partnership Trust Fund
United Nations International Tin Conference
United Nations Millennium Declaration
United Nations Monetary and Financial Conference

[IMF-IBRD]
Bretton Woods Conference
( )
United Nations Office for Drug Control and Crime Prevention

[UN]
ODCCP
United Nations Office on Drug and Crime
UNODC
United Nations Operation in Mozambique

UNOMOZ
United Nations Population Fund

UNFPA
United Nations Rules for Electronic Data Interchange for

Administration, Commerce and Transport
EDIFACT
United Nations Second Development Decade
Page1003
English
Arabic
United Nations Security Coordinator

UNSECOORD
[UN]
United Nations System Chief Executives Board for Coordination
CEB
Chief Executives Board
United Nations System-wide Special Initiative on Africa
[UN]
United Nations Transitional Administration in East Timor
UNTAET
United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia
UNTAC
United Nations Year for Tolerance
[UNESCO]
United Nations
UN
United States Information Agency
USIA
United States-Israel Free Trade Agreement
U.S.-Israel FTA
unitization
[petroleum industry]
Page1004
English
Arabic
unit-linked policy
[insurance]
Unity Fund
[Germany]
univariate time series
Universal Postal Union
UPU
Universal System for Information in Science and Technology
UNISIST
World Science Information System
universality of Fund membership
[IMF]
unlisted security
unquoted security
unmet basic needs
unpaid charge
[IMF]
unpeg the rate
Page1005
English
Arabic
unqualified audit opinion

[audit]
unqualified opinion
clear opinion
unrealistic par value
[IMF]
unrealized gain
unrealized income
paper gain
paper profit
unrealized profits and losses
unregulated bank
UN-related organization
unremitted earnings
[BPM5]
unremunerated reserve requirements
unremunerated reserve tranche position
[IMF]
unrequited payment
Page1006
English
Arabic
unrequited transaction
unrequited transfer
unresponsive
unrestricted use
[SDR]
unsecured loan
unskilled labor
unskilled manpower
unskilled worker
unsolicited e-mail
spam
junk e-mail
unsoundness
unsterilized intervention
naked intervention
untapped resource
untied aid
( )

Page1007
English
Arabic
untying of aid
( )
unwind
unwinding of global imbalances
unwinding of positions
unwinding
[securities]
UN-World Bank Partnership Framework for Crisis and Post-Crisis
Situations
upgrading
uphill flow of capital
uplift allowance
( .. )
uplift
upper bound
upper credit tranche quality

UCT quality
upper credit tranches
[IMF]
Page1008
English
Arabic
upside risk
upside-down mortgage
underwater mortgage
negative home equity
upstream analysis
[IBRD]
upstream capacity
upstream integration
upturn
upswing
upsurge
upward adjustment
upward bias
[CPI]
positive bias
upward pressure
upward trend
rising trend
uptrend
Page1009
English
Arabic
upward-sloping curve
urban development
urbanization
urbanization economies
Uruguay Round (of Multilateral Trade Negotiations)

[GATT]
US Census Bureau
USA Patriot Act

[USA Congress]
Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate
Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act
usable currency
[IMF]
usable national currency
use of Fund credit
use of IMF credit
use of IMF resources
[IMF]
use of Fund resources
UFR
Page1010
English
Arabic
use value
user cost
user fee
user charge
user friendly
[IT]
User Support and Operations Division
[BCS/XT]
U-shaped distribution
utility
( )U
utility function
Utstein Group
vacancy
job vacancy
opening
job opening
vacant directorship
[BL]
valuable

[1997 -]
Page1011
English
Arabic
valuation
valuation basis
valuation effects
value added
value added in manufacturing
value chain
value date
[IMF]
value for money

VFM
value index
value judgment
value-added deflator
value-added tax
VAT
value-at-risk methodology
[BIS]
Page1012
English
Arabic
value-at-risk model
VaR
variability
variable
variable rate mortgage
VRM
variable uniform norm for remuneration

[IMF]
variable uniform norm
variable weights
variance analysis
variance decomposition
variance
)(
[statistics]
variation margin
vault cash
cash in vault
vector
Page1013
English
Arabic
vector autoregression analysis

vector autoregression model
VAR model
vector error-correction model
VECM
vehicle currency
vehicle mileage standards
velocity of circulation
velocity of money
venture
venture capital company
venture capital
risk capital
verbal intervention
vertical axis(, on the)
( )
((
[mathematics]
Page1014
English
Arabic
vertical check
vertical fund
vertical integration
very large use of Fund resources
very short-term financing facility
( )
( )
[EU]
VSTFF
vesting date
viability
viable
viable integrated VAT
VIVAT
vicious circle
videoconferencing
video teleconference
Vienna Convention on Consular Relations
Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations
[UN]
Page1015
English
Arabic
Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties
virement
virtual economy
[Russia]
virtuous circle
Visa Services Office
[IMF-HRD]
visiting scholar
[IMF]
visiting professor
visiting fellow
vital statistics
Voice Brokerage
voice in management, effective
voice
[IMF governance]
Page1016
English
Arabic
Voices of the Poor -- Can anyone hear us?
..
[WB]
voided check
stopped check
volatile capital
volatility
Volcker recession
volume index
voluntary contribution account
[IMF arrears; debt reduction]
voluntary departure program
voluntary departure scheme
voluntary export restraint
VER
voluntary repayment
[IMF]
voluntary repurchase
[IMF]
Page1017
English
Arabic
voluntary restraint
self-restraint
voluntary separation
voluntary trading arrangements
voluntary unemployment
von Neumann's ratio
vostro account
vote by proxy
[IMF]
voting power
[IMF]
voting share
[corporations]

[1997 -]
voting stock
voting without meeting
voucher privatization
v-shaped rebound
v-shaped recovery

V
V
Page1018
English
Arabic
vulnerabilities
[surveillance]
vulnerability assessment
vulnerability exercise
vulnerability indicator
vulnerable (to adverse shocks)
vulture fund
( )
wage award
salary award
wage bill ceilings
wage bill
payroll
wage compression
wage cost(s)
payroll cost(s)
wage differential
Page1019
English
Arabic
wage drift
wage creep
wage earner
wage equalization
wage flexibility
wage goods
wage indexation
wage policy
( / )

wages policy
wage rate
wage
wage restraint
wage moderation
wage round
wage settlement
Page1020
English
Arabic
wage wedge
wage-bargaining system
wage-push inflation
wages and salaries
[BPM5; GFSM; GFSY; SNA93]
wages fund doctrine
waive
waiver
Walras' stability
Walras' Law
warehousing
[BPM5]
warning signal
warning sign
Page1021
English
Arabic
warrant
[financial derivatives]
stock warrant
equity warrant
subscription warrant
stock purchase warrant
share purchase warrant
Washington Consensus
Washington, D.C.
[USA]
D.C.
water stress
waterlogging
watershed
watershed summit
ways and means
ways and means advances
[budget]
weak law of large numbers
Page1022
English
Arabic
weak policies scenario
wealth effect
wealth tax
[BPM5]
tax on wealth
[SNA93]
wealth
[BPM5; GFSM; SNA93]
web casting facilities
[IBRD]
Weekly Precis
[IMF document series; WEEKLY/PRECIS/...]
weight
weighted average
[SNA93]
weighted regression
weighted voting system
weighting bias
weighting pattern
Page1023
English
Arabic
welfare economics
welfare payment
welfare state
welfare
well-being
wellhead price
[oil; natural gas]
WEO exercise
West Africa Monetary Zone
[IBRD]
WAMZ
West Africa Regional Technical Assistance Center
West AFRITAC
West African Accounting System
SYSCOA
West African Centre for Banking Education and Research
West African Clearing House
WACH
CCAO
Page1024
English
Arabic
West African Development Bank
WADB
West African Division I, II
() ( )
[AFR/WB, WF]
West African Division III
West African Economic and Monetary Union
()
WAEMU
West African Economic Community
WAEC
CEAO
West African Monetary Agency
WAMA
West African Monetary Union
WAMU
West Bank and Gaza Strip
WBGS
Western Division
[EUR/WE]
Western European Division
Western European Union
WEU
Page1025
English
Arabic
Western Hemisphere Department
[IMF]
WHD
Western Hemisphere Division
[INS/WH]
Western Hemisphere Division/Area
WHD
Western Hemisphere Regional Division
[MCM/R5]
Westminster model
when issued
white collar crime
white noise
[statistics]
white paper
wholesale bank
wholesale deposit
Page1026
English
Arabic
wholesale financial services
wholesale price index

WPI
wholly owned subsidiary

fully owned subsidiary
widening sovereign and corporate yield spreads
wider margins
[EMS]
widespread floating
windfall profit
windfall tax
window dressing
window of opportunity
opportunity
[SNA93]
win-win situation
Page1027
English
Arabic
wire transfer
Wishart distribution
withdrawal from membership

[IMF]
withdrawal of bid
[GA]
withdrawal-by-transfer system
WT system
withhold tax
collect withholding tax for the government
withholding tax
within or outside margins

[AA]
Wolfsberg Group
Women 2000 : Gender Equality, Development and Peace for the

Twenty-first Century
:2000
women's agency
Women's World Banking
WWB
Page1028
English
Arabic
work in progress
work in process
Work Practices Section
[OIA]
WPS
Workers' Party of Kurdistan

PKK
workers' remittances
[BPM5; BPM6]
workfare
workforce
[enterprises]
working balance
Working Group on Capital Flows
[FSF]
Working Group on Creditor-Debtor Relations
[IMF]
Working Group on Cross-border Banking
Working Group on Harmonized Investment Definitions
Page1029
English
Arabic
Working Group on Highly Leveraged Institutions

[FSF]
Working Group on IMF Corporate Governance
Working Group on International Statistics Programs and
Coordination
[UN Statistical Office]
Working Group on Offshore Financial Centers
[FSF]
Working Group on Transparency and Accountability
[OECD; G-22]
Working Group to Review the Process of Selection of the
Managing Director
[IMF]
working group
working party
working hypothesis
working interest
operating interest
working life
working paper
Page1030
English
Arabic
Working Party of the Group of African Governors

African Working Party
Working Party on Export Credits and Credit Guarantees
[OECD]
Export Credit Group
ECG
Working Party on Facilitation of International Trade Procedures

[ECE]
Working Party on Financial Aspects of Development Assistance

[OECD]
Working Party on Statistical Problems

[OECD]
Working Party on Tax Policy and Statistics

[OECD]
Working Party on the Measurement of International Capital Flows

[BPM5]
Working Party on the Statistical Discrepancy in World Current
Account Balances
[IMF, BIS;EUROSTAT, OECD]
working table
working-age population
Page1031
English
Arabic
work-life balance
quality of work-life
worksheet
[BPM5]
workshop
World Bank Group

WBG
World Bank Institute

WBI
World Bank Working Group to Review the Process of Selection of
the President
[World Bank]
World Bank
[World Bank Group]
WB
World Commission on Environment and Development
WCED
Brundtland Commission
World Confederation of Labour
WCL
World Confederation of Teachers
WCT
Page1032
English
World Conference on Disaster Reduction
WCDR
Arabic
-
21
World Conference on Education for All
World Conference on Religion and Peace

WCRP
World Conference on the Sustainable Development of Small
Island Developing States
World Conference on Women: Action for Equality, Development

and Peace
[UN]
world current account statistical discrepancy
world current account discrepancy
World Customs Organization
WCO
World Declaration on the Survival, Protection and Development of
Children
[UN]
World Development Report
[World Bank]
WDR
World Economic and Market Developments
[IMF]
WEMD
Page1033
English
Arabic
World Economic Forum
World Economic Outlook Update
WEO Update
World Economic Outlook
[IMF]
WEO
World Economic Studies Division
[RES/WO]
World Environment Institute
WEI
World Faiths Development Dialogue
[IBRD]
WFDD
World Federation of Trade Unions
WFTU
World Federation of United Nations Associations
[UN]
WFUNA
World Food Council
[FAO]
WFC
Page1034
English
Arabic
World Food Programme
[UN-FAO]
WFP
World Food Summit
World Health Organization
WHO
world heritage
World Institute for Development Economics Research
WIDER
World Intellectual Property Organization

WIPO
world market price
world price
World Medical Association
WMA
World Meteorological Organization
WMO
World Peace Council
WPC
World Summit for Children
[UNICEF]
Page1035
English
Arabic
World Summit for Social Development

Copenhagen Summit
Social Summit
World Summit on Sustainable Development

Johannesburg Summit
Earth Summit 2002
World Tourism Organization
WTO
World Trade Center
World Trade Organization
WTO
World Wide Fund for Nature
WWF
World Wildlife Fund
worse-policies scenario
[WEO]
worst-policies scenario
pessimistic scenario
worst case scenario

pessimistic scenario
write down (an asset)
( )
Page1036
English
Arabic
write off (an asset)

charge off
write off debt
write-down
write-off value
( )
write-off amount
write-off
X-axis
X-efficiency theory
Y copy system
[banking]
Y2K Facility
Y2K problem
millennium bug

2000
year 2000 bug
2000
Yankee bond
Y-axis
yearly rate
Page1037
English
Arabic
year-on-year change
year-to-year basis, on a
year-on-year basis, on a
y/y
yield
yield curve
term structure of interest rates
interest rate structure
term structure
yield spread
yield to maturity
YTM
redemption yield
Yugoslavia
Zakat funds
[Islamic banking]
zero base budget

[IMF]
ZBB
zero-based review
Page1038
English
Arabic
zero bound
zero growth
zero hour rule
zero rate
[VAT, tariffs]
zero saving
zero-coupon bond
zeroing
[WTO]
zero-sum game
zonal sampling

[]
Page1039

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English

100 percent reserve banking

16th Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework

1977 Decision on Surveillance over Exchange Rate Policies

2007 Decision on Bilateral Surveillance

21st Century Initiative

21st Century Strategy

75th percentile method

ABCP Money Market Mutual Fund Liquidity Facility

above face value

above par value

above the line

absolute exchange rate

absorption approach to the balance of trade

Abu Dhabi Fund for Arab Economic Development

Abu Dhabi Securities Market

Accelerated Access Initiative

accelerated and shared growth initiative

accelerated cost recovery system

accelerated rate of depreciation

access policy and access limits

access to the market

accommodative monetary policy

Accord Implementation Group

Accounting and Auditing Organization for Islamic Financial

accounting cross exchange rate

accounts and departments

Accounts and Financial Reports Division

accounts of the IMF in member countries

IMF accounts in member countries

Accounts Payable Unit

Accra Agenda for Action

accrual basis accounting

accrued annual leave

accrued interest receivable

accrued sick leave

accrued to the date of liquidation

accumulation of external arrears

accuracy and reliability

ACP-EEC Convention (between the African, Caribbean, and

acquired immune deficiency syndrome

acquired rights clause

acquisition of non-produced, nonfinancial assets

across-the-board ex-post sequestration

across-the-board protectionist measures

action of the Fund relating to restrictions

Action Program for Development

active labor market programs

actual exchange rate

actual final consumption

actual interest yield

actual rate of return

Ad Hoc Committee on International Terrorism

Ad Hoc Committee on the Restructuring of the Economic and

Ad Hoc Group of Experts on Restrictive Business Practices

ad hoc quota boosters

ad hoc quota increase

adaptable program loan

adequacy of the Fund's financial resources

adjustable exchange rate

adjustable rate mortgage

adjusted overall fiscal balance

adjustment of the peg

adjustment to cash basis