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The French Revolution

Causes

Do Now: List some issues that you would start a revolution for? Why would they be enough to cause you to start one?

Long Term Causes of the French Revolution

Rigid Class Structure


No Social Mobility Examples:
! !

Caste System (India) Feudalism in Europe and Japan

Rise of the Bourgeoisie


Educated Middle Class

Senses

Describe your experience using the image

!
Hear

!
Smell

!
Touch/ feel

Extension Explain: Why are so many people attacking the castle in the painting?

Commoners Clergy Nobility

1. 2. 3.

Were most of the population commoners? What percentage of the population were commoners? How much tax did the nobility pay?

The Old Regime


Under the ancien regime, or old order, everyone in France belonged to one of three classes
First Estate Second Estate Third Estate

The CLERGY Enjoyed enormous wealth and ! privilege

The NOBILITY Owned land but had little money ! income

BOURGEOISIE and PEASANTS

Peasants were 98 % of French ! population Resented privilege of first and ! second estates Burdened by taxes, miserable ! wages faced hunger, starvation

Owned about 10 percent of land, ! ! Hated absolutism collected tithes, and paid no taxes ! Feared losing traditional privilege, ! Provided some social services especially exemption from taxes

Was Louis XVI a bad king?


Louis XVI was King of France from 1774 to 1791. He was the only French King to ever be executed. Colour-code the statements below. Use one colour for the statements that suggest that he was a good king and another colour for the statements which suggest that he was a bad king.
Louis tried to make the French people tolerate people with different religions. Louis was very indecisive and would often take a long time to make decisions. Louis wanted to abolish a tax that French peasants paid for the land they farmed. Some reforms that Louis tried to introduce angered many rich French people. Louis supported the Americans who wanted to be independent from Britain. Louis fought wars to win land in India from Great Britain, but lost them all. Louis was fluent in six different languages, including French and English.

Louis and his wife, Marie Antoinette, had four children.

Louis spent lots of money on clothes and palaces when many people were starving. Louis encouraged explorers to travel the world.

Many historians claim that, by todays standards, Louis was an alcoholic.

He married an Austrian woman to maintain good relations. She was unpopular.

Extension: Explain whether, in your opinion, Louis was a bad king or not.

This is a painting of the storming of the Bastille in 1789. It was part of a riot that started the French Revolution.

God, Grain, and Revolution

Stand up if you know the name of the King at the time of the French Revolution

Raise your right arm if you know how much tax the nobility paid in France.

Stand up if you know what happened to Louis XVI during the French Revolution.

Raise your left arm if you know what percentage of the population were commoners.

Click your tongue if you know why the bad harvest in 1789 caused the French Revolution.

Stay seated if you recall why some people thought that Louis XVI was a bad king.

The French Revolution


Events

How much would popular violence (mass violence) inuence rational (calm) political debate?
!

Is popular sovereignty (government by will of all of the people) possible?

Answer on iPods

Convening of the Estates General


Meeting of the three Estates of France Lockout of the 3rd Estate by Louis XVI Tennis Court Oath Reps from 3rd Estate meet at Tennis Court of Versailles and swear not to leave without new constitution

Why Revolt?
! !

The Enlightenment movement spread ideas everyone should be equal. The people of the 3rd estate liked that idea.

! !

The French economy was failing. Taxes were high, profits were low and food supplies were short.

King Louis the XVI was weak and unconcerned about the plight of the third estate.

The Great Fear

Fear of attack from nobles leads peasants to riot throughout the country

Storming of Bastille
In reaction to Louis XVI ooding Paris with soldiers, 3rd Estate stormed Bastille prison seized guns killed governor Start of bloodshed

Trial of King Louis


Louis was: tried (from December 11, 1792) and convicted of high treason before the Legislative Assembly. sentenced to death by guillotine by 361 votes to 288, with 72 effective abstentions.

Citizen Louis Capet was guillotined in front of a cheering crowd on January 21, 1793.

Robespierres Reign of Terror


" The Committee of Public
Safety " The Concept of Total War " Maximum price ceilings on certain goods " Nationalization of Small Workshops

The Reign of Terror


" Execution of 40,000 Enemies of the
Nation

" Stress on radical denition of


equality

" Wanted a legal maximum on


personal wealth prots

" Wanted a regulation of commercial " End of Robespierres dictatorship on


July 28, 1794

Rise of Napoleon
" Napoleons Rise to

Power " The Napoleonic Code " Establishment of the Bank of France " Reconciliation with the Catholic Church --Concordat of 1801 " Heavy Censorship " Napoleons Art of War

Rise and Fall of Napoleon

All these quotes are from the same person. What do they tell you about him? Make a list in your notes

!Power is my mistress. I have worked too hard at her conquest to allow anyone to take her away from me. !There are but two powers in the world, the sword and the mind. In the long run the sword is always beaten by the mind." !Impossible is a word to be found only in the dictionary of fools. !"He that makes war without many mistakes has not made war very long." !Death is nothing, but to live defeated and inglorious is to die daily. !Ten people who speak make more noise than ten thousand who are silent. !History is the version of past events that people have decided to agree upon. !I know when it is necessary, how to leave the skin of lion to take one of fox. !A man will ght harder for his interests than for his rights. !A throne is only a bench covered with velvet. !Religion is what keeps the poor from murdering the rich.

The Rise and Fall of Napoleons Empire


How does this Picture reect the information you gathered from the quotes?

Napoleon was born here, on the Island of Corsica

Rise of Napoleon

Born in Corsica in 1769. He was not rich; he went to military school on a scholarship. Joined the French army and quickly rose through the ranks. Became a General and returned to France as a hero. Helped overthrow the Directory and made himself First Consul.

Napoleons Reforms

Peace with the church: Concordat of 1801 The State got to keep the church lands that were conscated by the rst phase of the Revolution. Catholicism was recognized as the majority religion in France.

Napoleons Reforms
Napoleonic (Civil) Code: made one standard law code for everyone. Based on the principles of everyone being equal under the law. Religious toleration. Advancement based on a job well-done and the ability to perform the job rather than a persons social class.

Napoleons Military Accomplishments


1. France expanded to the Rhine. 2. Napoleon put his relatives on the thrones of Spain, Holland, Kingdom of Italy, Swiss Republic, the Grand Duchy of Warsaw and the Confederation of the Rhine. Confederation of the Rhine: An alliance of all of the German states except Austria and Prussia.

Legacy of Napoleon

He spread the revolutionary ideas of equality, liberty and fraternity, economic reforms and religious toleration. However, he also raised taxes on the people he conquered, making them view Napoleon as an outsider and a tyrant. Nationalism people who feel pride in their country and will ght to defend it to the death.

Why Didnt His Empire Last?


2 reasons The British were able to create an alliance with Russia, Prussia, and Austria and ght against Napoleon. Nationalism people didnt want to be taken over by a foreign country.

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