About Maths 8

Answers
Chapter 1: Number and Algebra Review
Exercise 1.01
1 (a) 17 (b) 78 (c) 4 (d) 13 (e) 0 (f) 0 (g) 1 (h) 4 (i) 4 (j) 6 (k) 24 (l) 6 (m) 6 (n) 24 (o) 18 (p) 6 (q) 15 (r) 1 (s) 6 (t) 6 (u) 1 2 (a) 35
(b) 11 (c) 11 (d) 35 (e) 11 (f) 11 (g) 2 (h) 15 (i) 7 (j) 9 (k) 10 (l) 16 (m) 47 (n) 68 (o) 12 (p) 19 (q) 19 (r) 49 3 (a) 24 (b) 63 (c) 81 (d) 56
(e) 56 (f) 56 (g) 120 (h) 64 (i) 81 (j) 27 (k) 100 (l) 1 4 (a) 2 (b) 2 (c) 2 (d) 9 (e) 9 (f) 9 (g) 9 (h) 8 (i) 9 (j) 5 (k) 5 (l) 5 (m) 3 (n) 3
(o) 7 (p) 3 (q) 1 (r) 4 (s) 3 (t) 1 5 (a) 4 (b) 38 (c) 18 (d) 29 (e) 20 (f) 21 (g) 0 (h) 3 (i) 30 (j) 10 (k) 73 (l) 22 (m) 20 (n) 21 (o) 30
(p) 4 (q) 4 (r) 5 (s) 92 (t) 5 (u) 14 (v) 0 (w) 50 (x) 13 6 165 7 723 km 8 45 roses 9 15 10 235 FOR, 197 AGAINST 11 29.3 km 12 45 g
13 14 m 14 45.4 kg

Exercise 1.02
1 (a) 3 1 (b) 1 1 (c) 1 1 (d) 2 3 (e) 9 3 (f) 7 1 (g) 3 2 (h) 11 1 (i) 6 9 (j) 2 11 (k) 4 781 (l) 113 (m) 4 2 (n) 3 2 (o) 5 2 (p) 3 1
5
7
2
3
4
3
2
6
10
100
1000
14
15
25
5
13
2 (a) 7 (b) 7 (c) 7 (d) 11 (e) 29 (f) 13 (g) 89 (h) 16 (i) 45 (j) 517 (k)) 10009 (l) 153 (m) 51 (n) 207 (o) 35 (p) 1003 3 (a) 3
1000
20
15
25
13
2
3
5
10
9
7
100
14
6
2
3
4
(b) 6 (c) 9 (d) 18 (e) 8 (f) 10 (g)) 30 (h) 700 (i) 4 (j) 5 (k) 250 (l) 9 4 (a) 2 (b) 4 (c) 3 (d) 63 (e) 1 (f) 1
100
1000
32
25
1000
50
10
12
20
12
16
3
5
5
100
4
2
(g) 21 (h) 1 (i) 1 (j) 5 (k) 7 (l) (m) 1 (n) 1 5 (o) 1 (p) 1 1 (q) 7 (r) 3 (s) 1 3 (t) 11 5 (a) 1 1 (b) 6 3 (c) 2 1 (d) 2 3
4
2
6
12
2
12
10
4
10
8
8
16
4
5
4
4
100
(e) 21 3 (f) 6 1 (g) 1 3 (h) 1 5 (i) 1 7 (j) 2 81 (k) 6 1 (l) 9 1 6 (a) 1 (b) 1 (c) 1 (d) 1 (e) 27 (f) 2 (g) 3 (h) 1 (i) 2 (j) 3 (k) 800 (l) $16
8
100
10
6
4
16
9
2
100
3
2
3
5
10
2
4
6
(m) 1 1 L (n) 28 kg (o) $15 000 (p) 1 (q) 9 (r) 6 (s) 1 (t) 2 (u) 5 (v) 4 (w) 6 (x) 4 6 7 (a) 1 1 (b) 1 (c) 1 1 (d) 3 1 (e) 2 (f) 4 (g) 2 (h) 1 11
2
7
2
2
3
2
3
5
3
31
(i) 6 2 (j) 20 (k) 1 (l) 7 (m) 5 3 (n) 3 (o) 7 (p) 21 1 (q) 1 (r) 1 (s) 1 (t) 3 8 (a) 7 (b) 3 (c) 13 , 7 , 3 (d) 7 , 13 , 3 (e) 1 (f) 1
2
10
20 10 4
10 20 5
8
4
8
20
50
10
3
5
4
3
9 7 10 2 11 (a) 7 (b) 19 (c) 1 12 (a) 13 (b) 7 13 too big by 1 14 9 15 15 kg 16 2 1 min 17 1 18 8 19 40 20 4 21 153 cm
25
25
12
40
4
2
9
12
15
20
20
4

Exercise 1.03
1 (a) 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8 (b) 0.05, 0.25, 0.7, 0.91 (c) 1.00
03, 1.03, 1.3, 1.303 (d) 0.057, 0.57, 5.07, 5.7 (e) 5.005,, 5.055, 5.500, 5.505
(f) 0.009, 0.909, 0.990, 0.999 2 (a) 0.9 (b) 4.9 (c) 11.3 (d) 101.1 (e) 3.1 (f) 1.6 (g) 10.3 (h) 5.27 (i) 15.211 (j) 5.85 (k) 61.55 (l) 9.15
(m) 10.51 (n) 9.37 (o) 58.98 3 (a) 6 (b) 3 (c) 18.9 (d) 1.2 (e) 4.08 (f) 0.63 (g) 1.28 (h) 0.002 (i) 0.015 (j) 0.25 (k) 0.0011 (l) 0.0001 (m) 15
(n) 150 (o) 1500 (p) 0.2 (q) 20 (r) 355 (s) 860 (t) 8600 (u) 0.35 4 (a) 2.1 (b) 0.35 (c) 0.31 (d) 17.8 (e) 1.78 (f) 0.178 5 (a) 0.825 (b) 0.0825
(c) 0.00825 (d) 0.0914 (e) 0.08 (f) 0.0045 (g) 0.002 (h) 0.0019 (i) 0.0029 6 (a) 54 (b) 190 (c) 27.8 (d) 278 (e) 233 (f) 112.5 (g) 12 (h) 30
(i) 3000 (j) 125 (k) 12 500 (l) 1000 7 (a) 1 (b) 7 (c) 1 (d) 1 (e) 1 (f) 3 (g) 89 (h) 1 (i) 1 (j) 3 (k) 2 (l) 10 1 (m) 1 3 (n) 8 13
2
10
10
100
4
4
100
40
8
8
25
20
5
20
117
(o) 7
8 (a) 0.9 (b) 0.4 (c) 0.36 (d) 0.721 (e) 0.75 (f) 0.8 (g) 0.125 (h) 0.05 (i) 0.08 (j) 1.5 (k) 4.25 (l) 10.03 (m) 12.617
1000
(n) 8.625 (o) 15.12 9 (a) 0.3 (b) 0.6 (c) 0.16 (d) 0.83 (e) 0.142857 (f) 0.09 10 450 km 11 3.3 m 12 15.2 cm 13 2700 females
14 24.7 15 $325 16 $3.19 17
7 9 18 3.65 cm 19 50 cm 20 $104.80 21 7.85

Exercise 1.04
1 (a) 1 (b) 3 (c) 1 (d) 16 (e) 1 (f) 3 (g) 1 (h) 2 (i) 4 (j) 1 2 (k) 1 13 (l) 1 2 (a) 30% (b) 97% (c) 2% (d) 80% (e) 25% (f) 90% (g) 16%
2
4
5
25
50
20
3
3
5
20
8
(h) 65% (i) 62% (j) 12 1 % (k) 62 1 % (l) 200% (m) 150% (n) 375% (o) 920% (p) 121% 3 (a) 0.1 (b) 0.3 (c) 0.5 (d) 0.97 (e) 0.75 (f) 0.65
2
2
(g) 0.15 (h)) 1.1 (i) 4.5 (j) 3.25 (k) 0.125 (l) 0.875 4 (a) 50% (b) 90% (c) 28% (d) 6% (e) 7 1 % (f) 2 1 % (g) 150% (h) 720% (i) 14 1 % (j) 33 1 %
2
2
20
3
2
1
(k) 66 % (l) % 5 60% 6 216 7 90 8 $418 K 9 $200 10 (a) 60% (b) 40%
3
2

428

Answers

Exercise 1.05
1 (a) certain (b) impossible (c) impossible (d) even (e) un
nlikely (f) unlikely (g) unlikely (h) even 2 (a) even (b) even (c) unlikely (d) impossible
(e) unlikely (f) even (g) certain (h) unlikely (i) impossible 3 (a) 1 (b) 1 (c) 1 (d) 1 (e) 0 (f) 1 (g) 1 (h) 1 (i) 1 (j) 1 (k) 2 (l) 11 4 (a) 1
12
6
6
6
4
6
6
4
6
3
12
13
3
3
5
3
5
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
12
1
21
1
(b) (c)
(d)
(e)
(f) (g) 0 (h)
(i)
(j)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
5 (a) (b) (c) (d) 1 (e) (f) 0 6 (a)
5
5
5
13
2
26
13
52
2
26
13
13
26
26
26
26
26
5
(k) 10 (l) 1 7 (a) incorrect, letters not equally spread (b) incorrect, independent event 8 (a) 2 (b) 8 (c) 1 (d) 2 (e) 2 (f) 12 9 (a) 7 (b) 5
5
25
5
25
5
13
2
25
24
24
(c) 1 (d) 1 (e) 1 (f) 1
8
24
24
2

Exercise 1.06
1 (a) 20 (b) 40 (c) 100 (d) 2n 2 (a) 5, 6, 7, n (b) 20, 24, 28, 4n (c) 7, 8, 9, n + 2 (d) 25, 36, 49, n2 (e) 9, 11, 13, 2n 1 (f) 25, 30, 35, 5n
3 t = 2m + 1 (a) 51 (b) 25

4 a = 76 b = 7

10

10

21

2n + 1

11

16

51

5n + 1

5 (a) x cm2 (b) 2x

(c)

(d)

1 +

1
x

7 x2 + 2x
8 (a) 3a + b (b) 6p + q (c) k + 5j (d) cd 12 (e) 24 4m (f) cd ef (g) 5(x + 3) (h) 6(h 2) (i) 10 + 2q (j)

c+d
7k
8w
7 (k) 3 (l) 4 (m) 9r + 2s

a+b
2
(n) a b (o) a + b 9 (a) 5x (b) 4k (c) 8m (d) 8y (e) 7q (f) t (g) 9x + 6y (h) 2a + 2b (i) 3u + 10v (j) a + 2b (k) 10mn 9xy (l) 5p2 p q 10 (a) 18y
2a
(b) 20k (c) 6ab (d) 2m (e) b (f) 10abc (g) 3a2 (h) 4x2 (i) 6b2 (j) 30c (k) 30c2 (l) 30c2 (m) 5x + 20 (n) 18y + 24 (o) m2 + 5m (p) 5k k2
(q) 2a2 + 7a (r) 16m 12 (s) 21p + 2p2 (t) 6k2 + k (u) 18q + 1 11 (a) p3 (b) a4 (c) x3y2 (d) k2m3 (e) 15a2 (f) 60r2p (g) 42n2 (h) b5 (i) d4
(j) 6a2 (k) 6a5 (l) 36p5 (m) q3 (n) d (o) m4 (p) x2 (q) y5 (r) 2b (s) 2r (t) 3t2 (u) 2d2 (v) 12m4 (w) 3y7 (x) 3x2 12 (a) x6 (b) y6 (c) w15
5+ p
5+ p
5p
3
1
(d) 4a4 (e) 36p6 (f) 27p9q6 (g) m2 (h) 3k (i) 2a4 (j)
(k)
(l) 5 p 13 (a) 0 (b) 24 (c) 19 (d) 2 (e)
(f) 1 (g) 48 (h) 6 (i) 56
4
2
2
(j) 54 (k) 2 (l) 4

Exercise 1.07
1 (a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 5 (d) 5 (e) 7 (f) 1 (g) 5 (h) 5 (i) 5 (j) 10 (k) 18 (l) 20 (m) 4 (n) 3 (o) 4 (p) 5 (q) 11 (r) 3 2 (a) 6 (b) 12 (c) 9 (d) 3 (e) 3
1
4
(f) 1 (g) 6 (h) 8 (i) 6 (j) 5 (k) 6 (l) (m) 7 (n) 9 2 (o) 3 3 (a) 25 (b) 7 (c) 8 (d) 63 (e) 9 (f) $2.75 (g) 62 (h) 13 4 (a) 15 and 10 (b) 14
3
(c) 24, 26, 28 (d) 5000, 10 000 (e) adult $10, child $5 5 (a) 10 (b) 12 (c) 8 (d) 12 (e) 8 (f) 6

Answers

429

Exercise 1.08
1 24 2 10 3 140 km 4 $8 5 8 and 12 6 6 7 (a) 11 (b) 83 8 15 9 15 10 12 11 9 min 12 8 emus 13 20 posts 14 15 15 (a) 14 (b) 30 (c) 204 16 (a) 6
(b) 9 17 1275 18 7 19 6 20 (a) 6 (b) 15 21 30s 22 4 23 (a) 6 (b) 24 (c) n! 24 Pedro, Antonio, Roberto, Gina 25 31 26 (a) 3 (b) 7 (c) 30 (d) 32

12 4

bowling

27

(a) 12 (b) 6 (c) 4

bat

28

(a) 4 (b) 2 (c) 4 29 (a) 3 (b) 5 (c) 6 (d) 5 (e) 66

(f) 17 (g) 7 (h) 73

4
1

Diagnostic Test
1 (a) 15 (b) 3 (c) 3 (d) 15 (e) 30 (f) 2 (g) 1 (h) 7 (i) 100 2 (a) 3 (b) 6 m 3 (a) 1 1 (b) 7 9 (c) 1 1 4 (a) 7 (b) 517 (c) 17
3
10
2
4
100
5
3
5
29
3
2
4
1
1
2
(g)
6
7
8 (a) 25 (b) 250 (c) 2500 (d) 0.25 (e) 0.025 (f) 0.0025
5 (a) (b)
(c)
(d)
(e) 4 (f)
2
3
15
2
6
100
4
9
3
9 (a) 0.9 (b) 0.8 (c) 0.05 (d) 0.6 10 (a) 90% (b) 15% (c) 72% (d) 12 1 % 11 (a) 1 (b) 1 (c) 1 (d) 1 (e) 0 (f) 1 (g) 1 (h) 7 (i) 3
2
8
4
4
2
4
4
8
8
12

12

3n

4
p+2
3w
(g) p + 2 (h)
(i) 12g + 12 (j) 15 12w
2
4
4
2
2
2
4
2
6
8
15 (a) b (b) 18r s (c) 6a (d) 5a (e) xy (f) 12c d (g) 2q (h) 12m (i) 14g (j) x (k) 4a (l) 2x (m) a 16 (a) 13 (b) 12 (c) 4 17 (a) 12 (b) 5 (c) 7
13 (a) 9 (b) 19 (c) 2n 1 14 (a) 8x (b) 4a + 3 (c) 3a 2b (d) 2a + b (e) cd ef (f)

(d) 4 (e) 6 (f) 7 (g) 2 18 (a) 9 (b) 24 (c)

Chapter 2: Percentages
Getting Started
1 (a) 83 (b) 100 (c) 100 + 40 2 50% 3 (a) 50% (b) 25% (c) 75% (d) 10% (e) 90% (f) 20% (g) 80% (h) 29% (i) 5% (j) 3000% (k) 150%
(l) 503% (m) 33 1 % (n) 66 2 % (o) 1000% 4 (a) 65% (b) 91% (c) 80% (d) 30% (e) 35% (f) 7% (g) 70% (h) 1% (i) 3.5% (j) 0.7% (k) 315%
3
3
(l) 207.5% (m) 415.25% (n) 0.55% (o) 0.25% 5 (a) 1 (b) 7 (c) 1 (d) 1 (e) 3 (f) 3 (g) 1 (h) 1 1 (i) 1 2 (j) 2 1 6 (a) 0.5 (b) 0.15 (c) 0.99
2
10 10
4
4
20
20
20
5
2
1
1
1
2
2


(d) 1 (e) 0.8 (f) 0.01 (g) 0.06 (h) 4.75 (i) 5.09 (j) 0.1 7 0.5, 50%, , 25%, , 0.1, 0.3, 33 %, , 0.6 , 66 %, 1, 1.0, 1 , 5%, 0.125, 12 1 %
4
10
3
3
3
20
2
8 (a) 80%, (b) 80% (c) 60% (d) 80% 9 (a) 50% (b) 25% (c) 20% (d) 25%

Exercise 2.01
1 (a) 62.5% (b) 95.5% (c) 6.5% (d) 1.5% (e) 72.5% (f) 0.5% (g) 50.5% (h) 72.25% (i) 601.5% (j) 710.5% (k) 207.5% (l)) 100.7% (m) 33.3%
(n) 66.6% (o) 1050% (p) 0.1% 2 (a) 0.345 (b) 0.625 (c) 0.2725 (d) 0.6475 (e) 2.105 (f) 0.155 (g)) 0.686 (h) 0.0725 (i) 0.0675 (j) 0.0805
(k) 0.028 (l) 0.0
015 (m) 0.005 (n) 0.0085 (o) 0.001 (p) 0.0001 3 (a) 0.1 (b) 0.6 (c) 0.85 (d) 1.2 (e) 0.02 (f) 0.06 (g) 2 (h) 5 (i) 0.12 (j) 0.15
(k) 0.105 (l) 0.065 (m) 0.055 (n) 0.0525 (o)) 1.0525 (p) 0.084 (q) 0.4975 (r) 0.202 (s) 0.0625 (t) 0.11575 (u) 0.088 (v) 0.12125 (w) 0.005
(x) 0.0025 4 (a) 1 (b) 4 (c) 19 (d) 1 (e) 1 (f) 7 (g) 1 (h) 1 (i) 7 (j) 3 (k) 5 (l) 1 (m) 51 (n) 83 (o) 11 (p) 43 (q) 2 (r) 1
5
20
100
20
100
8
3
8
40
4
8
8
16
500
400
200
500
3
2
1
1
2
2
1
1
1
(s)
(t)
5 (a) 10% (b) 20% (c) 25% (d) 33 % (e) 66 % (f) 12 % (g) 62 % (h) 15% (i) 16 % (j) 850% (k) 625% (l) 46 % 6 (D)
3
2
2
3
3
200
400
3
7 85% 8 $6500 9 $633 10 $5625 11 $98.45 12 8 games

Exercise 2.02
1 (a) $250 (b) 100 mL (c) 184 cm (d) 6.9 L (e) 105 t (f) 282 km (g) 7 c (h) 247.5 kg (i) 141.9 kL (j) 70 m (k) 10 m (l) 480 mL 2 (a) 60 kg (b) $0.45
(c) 225 g (d) 54 min (e) $760 (f) 539 km (g) 9 t (h) $480 (i) 25 L (j) 128 g (k) 2400 L (l) 152.5 mm 3 (a) 0.48 kg (b) 0.464 m (c) 4.2 km (d) 0.39 t
(e) 4.5 h (f) 18.7 L (g) 326.25 mL (h) 0.15 t (i) 1232.8 g (j) 12 cm (k) 120 mL (l) $80 (m) 0.85 km (n) $255 (o) 1 h 21 min (p) 1.01 t (q) 1720 mL
(r) $62.50 4 $15 5 360 000 6 396 7 $11 497.50 8 25% of $608 by $2 9 (a) $1530 (b) $1980 (c) $1512 (d) $714 10 32.8% 11 57 apples 12 $874.58
13 945 14 $75.08 15 800 people 16 $4 895 000 17 20 000 bulbs 18 40% 19 14%

430

Answers

Exercise 2.03

1 (a) 50% (b) 20% (c) 40% (d) 6.6 % (e) 24% (f) 70% (g) 30% (h) 60% (i) 24% (j) 18.75% (k) 8.5% (l) 25% (m) 300% (n) 450% (o) 150% 2 (a) 65%
1
1
(b) 25% (c) 25% (d) 100% (e) 40% (f) 37 % (g) 18% (h) 12 % (i) 40% (j) 1125% (k) 0.7% (l) 720% 3 (a) 600 ml (b) 400 ml (c) 300 mg
2
2
4 60% boys, 40% girls 5 75% copper, 25% zinc 6 65% cars, 15% vans, 8% trucks, 12% buses 7 350 g carbohydrate, 75 g protein, 25 g fat, 20 g minerals,
1
1
30 g water 8 50% copper, 25% zinc, 25% nickel 9 12 % cement, 62 % blue metal, 25% sand 10 390 m3 nitrogen, 105 m3 oxygen, 5 m3 other
2
2

11 25 g protein, 5 g fat, 2.5 g fibre, 2.5 g salt 12 10% coaches, 73.3 % players, 16.6 % support 13 1.5% 14 62.5% white, 25% yellow, 12.5% green
15 (a) $8 (b) $18

Exercise 2.04
1 (a) $93.50 (b) 8.4 kg (c) 4.83 m (d) 100 L (e) $1270.58 (f) 138 kg (g) 60 cm (h) $410.70 (i) 828.12 (j) $360 (k) 36 kg (l) 4.8 L (m) 6 m (n) 0
(o) (p) 147.75 mL (q) 493.625 g (r) $736.88 2 (a) $55.10 (b) $384.25 (c) $107.30 (d) $118.90 (e) $4.93 3 26160 4 $9.78 5 8075 sheep
6 100 kg 7 (a) $672 (b) $273 (c) $186 (d) $361.50 8 $619 680 9 (a) $2932.50 (b) $2492.63 10 3.12 m3 11 (a) 800 (b) 400 (c) $1100 (d) 13 000 L
12 $45 000 13 $2300 14 $4.80, yes 15 (a) $29.57 (b) $29.20 by 37 (c) 16 2nd fund 17 $26 775 18 80 19 $120 20 67 21 $4 22 $0.80 23 25%
24 20% 25 $6000

Exercise 2.05

1
2
1 75% 2 $24 3 $1032 4 20% discount 5 (a) $2 (b) 50% (c) 33 % 6 (a) 66 % (b) 40% 7 (a) $6000 (b) 20% (c) 25% 8 $116 9 $175, $740, $5600,
3
3
$153, $600, $1550 10 35% 11 $12 12 $180 13 $259 259.26 14 (a) $50 (b) $136 (c) $68.50 (d) $6000 (e) $1792 (f) $536.25 (g) $612.96
(h) $4372.50 (i) $5000 (j) $7168.75 15 (a) $120 (b) $240 (c) $600 16 $168 17 (a) $72 (b) $150 (c) $2016 (d) $735 18 (a) $6000 (b) $600 (c) $11 000
(d) (i) $876 (ii) $754 (e) $8250

Exercise 2.06
1 69 2 $31 500 3 $41 600 4 $372 727.27 5 profit 6 $133.33 7 480 8 50.1 m 9 $2023 10 $80 11 60 kg 12 50% copper, 30% aluminium, 20% iron
13 $10 350 14 15% 15 $195 16 33.1% 17 $37.26 18 38% yes 19 15% discount 20 $1.20 21 $23 400 22 $3000 23 21% 24 33.1% 25 1% decreased
26 73 cents 27 20 litres 28 46.4% 29 2% decrease 30 18 correct

Exercise 2.07
1 (a) 253 (b) 96 (c) 2525 (d) 2809 (e) 489 (f) 370 (g) 1715 (h) 16 (i) 16.59 (j) 7.64 (k) 112.7 (l) 6.04 (m) 42.99 (n) 331.04 (o) 193.40 (p) 2.08
(q) 7.57 (r) 24.91 (s) 123.48 (t) 133.28 (u) 99.75 (v) 108.63 (w) 10.14 (x) 8.10 (y) 5.29 (z) 7.26 2 (a) 300 (b) 8800 (c) 12 (d) 27 (e) 800 (f) 70
(g) 0.93 (h) 1.73 (i) 1.16 3 (a) $367 500 (b) 400 000 (c) 548/day (d) 563.5 km (e) 208 821 (f) 39 420 000 (g) 62.5 h (h) i) 432 L (ii) 12 960 L,
157 680 L (i) 32.35 min (j) 13 888 888.89 (k) 604 800

Exercise 2.08
1 (a) 16 (b) 27 (c) 256 (d) 32 (e) 343 (f) 25 (g) 13 (h) 23 (i) 0.15 (j) 0.54 (k) 5 (l) 12 (m) 8 (n) 11 (o) 9 (p) 0.13
3 (q) 0.19 (r) 0.03 (s) 0.42
17
7
5
31
4
(t) 0.10 (u) 0.17 (v) 0.38 (w) 0.10 (x) 0.23 (y) 12.5 2 (a) 20 (b) 16 (c) 6 (d) 9 32 (e) 2
(f) 2.25 (g) 20.25 (h) 56.25 3 (a) 750 m (b) 2.5 kg
23
4 (a) 3 m (b) 1.872 t 5 (a) 45 (b) 67 6 (a) 3 2 (b)

( 3)

7 (a) no (b) yes 8 (a) 3944.0 (b) 7.1 (c) 27.6 (d) 197.2 (e) 78880.8 (f) 38.1 (g) 12.0

(h) 142.9 (i) 0.4 (j) 280.9 9 (a) (i) $63.50 (ii) $539.75 (b) $20 666.67 (c) 43 200 min (d) 82.91 km/h (e) $4 800 000 (f) 77.78% (g) second deal (h) 20%

Exercise 2.09
1 (a) 25 (b) 47 (c) 36 (d) 28 (e) 22 (f) 22 (g) 33 (h) 4 (i) 55 (j) 26 (k) 210 (l) 412 (m) 42 (n) 42 (o) 210 (p) 36 (q) 22 (r) 4 (s) 54 (t) 1 (u) 34 (v) 43 (w) 3 43
1
1
(x) 42 52 2 (a) 1 (b) 1 (c) 1 (d) 1 (e) 1 (f) 1 (g) 1 (h) 1 (i) 1 (j) 16 (k) 1 (l) 16 (m) 1 (n) 1 (o) (p) 9 (q) 2 (r) 36 (s) 4 (t) 8 (u) 2 (v)
(w) 4 (x) 3
4
27
8
9
4
25
1
1 1
1
2
2
1
1 (v) 1 (w) 1 (x) 1
3 (a) 2 (b) 8 (c) 10 (d) 7 (e) 2 (f) 3 (g) 5 (h) (i) (j) (k) (l) (m) (n) 3 (o) 2 (p) 64 (q) 4 (r) 1000 (s) 16 (t) (u)
4
3 6
4
3
3
8
25
1000
8
27
3
4
4 (a) 17 (b) 61 (c) 72 (d) 8 (e) 9 (f) 41 (g) 432 (h) 40 5 (a) 33 (b) 44 6 (a) F (b) F (c) F (d) F (e) T (f) T (g) T (h) T (i) T (j) T (k) T (l) T (m) T
(n) T (o) T (p) F (q) T (r) T 7 yes

Answers

431

Diagnostic Test
1
1
3
1
2
1
1 (a) 1 (b) (c) (d) 2 (a) 0.17 (b) 0.45 (c) 0.625 (d) 1.2625 3 (a) 67% (b) 90% (c) 80% (d) 866 % (e) 85% (f) 10% (g) 7 % (h) 417 %
2
2
4
3
5
3
8
4 (a) 36 m (b) 0.3 kg (c) 15 L 5 (a) 15% (b) 60%, 40% (c) 390 m3, 105 m3, 5 m3 6 (a) $12 (b) 1280 cm (c) $8 (d) (e) 5 kg (f) 3.79 m 7 500
2
8 25 9 66 % 10 $180 11 $69 12 20% 13 $8200 14 (a) $240 (b) $336.38 15 (a) 59.15 (b) 0.74 (c) 1.14 (d) 4 (e) 243 (f) 1.21 (g) 2.23 (h) 0.16
3

Chapter 3: Graphs, Tables and Spreadsheets

Getting Started
1B2C3A4B5C6D7D

Exercise 3.01
1 (a) 6.00 pm (b) 8.00 am (c) peak-hour commuters going to and from work (d) south (e) between 3 pm and 4 pm (f) between 6.00 am and 8.00 am
2 (a) 10 years (b) between 1 and 2 years (c) 14 years (d) Height below 60 cm is not shown on the scale. (e) Most have finished growing.
(f) 10 to 13 years 3 (a) 6 years (b) 16 to 18 years (c) from 15 to 16 years (d) between 6 and 12 years (e) Scale is too small to reflect minor differences.
(f) 17 years 4 (a) 9.50 am and 10.20 am (b) 15 min (c) point where cyclist turned for home (d) on the way home (e) uphill on the way out
(f) about 20 kph 5 (a) 30 min (b) cyclist (c) about 33 minutes (d) stopped shortly after being overtaken (e) about 80 minutes 6 (a) returning to
depot/tip to empty garbage (b) Truck goes back and forth either side along each street. (c) (i) Driver stopped for a break. (ii) travelling along a
street at a constant distance from the tip (d) probably yes so the answer to (c) is more likely constant distance 7 Travelling in opposite directions,
they met about 2.5 km from home just before 11.30 am. 8 (a) 15 cm (b) 4 inches (c) an inch (d) about 2.5 cm to the inch (e) 5 inches is about 12
cm (from the graph) so 50 inches would be about 120 cm 9 (a) NSW (b) $6.5 billion (c) VIC (d) $5 billion (e) NSW is 15 times as large as TAS
(f) Victoria has a suitable climate, is not mountainous, has plenty of rainfall and no deserts (g) NSW and QLD (h) Between Tasmania and SA. Very
hot climate with little permanent water. Some cattle stations. 10 (a) SA (b) NSW and QLD (c) SA (d) $8 billion 11 (a) SA, WA and TAS (b) NSW
(c) TAS and SA (d) $7.5 billion 12 (a) 40 kph (b) 16 metres (c) 100 kph (d) 40 metres (e) 20 metres 13 (a) QLD (b) QLD (c) WA (d) High school
enrolments could be entirely different. These graphs are no guide to the overall situation. Graphs may have misleading titles, such as in this case
where the title suggests it depicts all schools but actually only primary schools are depicted. (e) Enrolment increased in all states. WA markedly
increased its proportion of the total. The proportion in some states decreased. No states went backwards in enrolment numbers. (f) All states
increased enrolments. By graphing only the proportion (percentage) of categories rather than actual numbers (say with a column graph), it is
difficult to state without access to the data whether numbers have increased or decreased. This is one way that graphs can be misleading; by
choosing a particular type of graph (sector graph) representing percentages only. 14 (a) those without non-school qualifications (b) those with a
bachelor degree or better (c) that diploma or technical qualifications are equally recognised with other non-school educational qualifications
(d) As long as you have some kind of post-school educational qualifications, employment opportunities will be boosted, so don't leave school
without taking some kind of further training. 15 (a) discrete (b) categorical (c) continuous (d) discrete (e) continuous (f) categorical (g) discrete
16 (a) sector graph (b) column graph (c) line graph

Exercise 3.02
1

Maximum temp

20

31

18

29

16

27

14

25

12
Cars

33

23

Wanda
Phil
Total

10
8

21

19

17
15

Auto sales

2
Sun

Mon

Tues

Wed

Thurs

Fri

Sat

4
Week

432

Answers

Distance from home

900

Distance km

800

(a) We stayed for three days at the one place.

(b) Stopping places were the same distance from home.
(c) Tenth day. The steepest part of the graph.

700
km

600
500
400
300
200
100
0

6 7
Day

10 11 12

NSW population
7000

(a) from 1950 to 1999

(b) 1901 and 1999
(c) Mostly a constant growth for 60 years up to 1999.
Fairly accurate.
(d) Growth rate has levelled off since 1999.

'000

6000
5000
4000
3000
2000
1000
0

1901 1910 1920 193019401950 1960 1970 1980 1990 1999 2000

Temperatures at Crackenback

20

(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)

Degrees C

15
10
5

June and July

April
Summer fades rapidly.
May to September.

0
-5

-10
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Month
6
Joe and Tess
2.5
1.5

Joe

Tess

0.5
4.5 h

3.5 h

2.5 h

90 m

0
30 m

Distance

(a) ran away, leaving Tess behind (b) After one hour Joe turned
around and came back to find Tess. (c) Tess slowed down sooner
but continued to move away from the danger. (d) Joe returned
towards the danger from which they had run. (e) In this case the
male kangaroo, Joe, was less fearful and took more risk. Less
likely to survive.

Answers

433

Grant and Mary

Mary left home first because she walks slower than Grant. (b) Grant
caught up to Mary. (c) Mary (d) no (e) Grant (f) jogger

Distance in km

2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0

5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60
Time in mins
Grant
Mary

Conversion

250

Litres

200

(a) 45 litres (b) no (c) 8 gallons (d) 44 cents/litre (US)

(e) 73 cents/litre (Aus) (f) relatively cheap

150
100
50
0

10

20

30
40
Gallons

50

60

US$ to A$ conversion

A$

175
150

(a) A$30

125

(b) US$35

100

(c) Graph is not accurate enough.

75
50
25
100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

US$

10

Lbs to kg conversion
150
140

(a) 130 kg (b) 45 Lbs (c) 65 kg (d) 40 kg weakling

130
120
110

kg

100
90
80
60
40
20
0

434

10 40 70 100 130 160 190 220 250 280

Lbs

Answers

11

Day school attendance

30

Parents work casual jobs on Thursday and Friday.

25
20
15
10
5
0

Mon

Tue

12

Wed

Thur

Fri

Religious affiliations

2500

(a) Christianity, Islam, Hinduism, Atheism

(b) Knowing what these numbers were, say, 20 and 40 years ago.

2000
1500
1000

13

Indigenous

Chinese Trad

Buddhism

Atheism

Hinduism

Islam

Christianity

500

Hourly earning recreation industry

Attendants

Not clear. In four categories recreation workers are paid more but in four
others they are paid less. Fitness/aerobics instructors are more highly paid in
the recreation industry.

Ushers etc
Waiters and
waitresses
Receptionists
Landscapers/
grounds
Security guards
Self/education
teachers
Fitness/aerobics
instructors
$0.00

$5.00

Amusement/recreation

$10.00

$15.00

All industries

14
English
language
21%
school
education 7%
Vocational
education
18%

More placements for fee-paying overseas students in higher education because that is
where the demand is.
Higher
education
54%

Answers

435

15
Various
sources
24%

(a) 24% (b) 24% (c) Need to know what percentage of our oil is locally produced. (d) Other
sources total 24% but Vietnam is higher. It is the largest sector on the graph.

Vietnam
26%

Papua New
Guinea
Indonesia
12%
14%
United
Saudi
Arab
Arabia
12% emirates
12%

16

Refinery
Excise
Freight/profit
GST

17

(a) Shaded part represents tax.

(b) Refinery cost and profit can change day to day.

Children waiting on adoption

8%
0%

26%
10%

57%

20%

30%

Pre-adoption home

40%

Relative

50%

60%

Foster home

4% 6%
70%

80%

90%

Group home

100%

Institution

(a) 10% (group home and institution) (b) Many children adopted by relatives so no need to wait for adoption. (c) Not necessarily. Many
children may be taken care of by a relative yet not appear in these statistics. (d) no (e) If it is assumed that all children who cannot be cared
for by natural parents appear in this table as waiting for adoption, this would be a misinterpretation. Many children may be cared for by
someone on a permanent basis but not adopted or put up for adoption. When reading such a graph, one must always ask what other
information may be missing from the data.
18

Parking costs
$22
$21
$14

Early bird rate

before 9:30am

$10
$7
0

Hours

10

19

Bulk postage rates

$10.00
$9.00
$8.00
$7.00
$6.00
$5.00
$4.00
$3.00
$2.00
$1.00
$0.00

3kg satchel
2-way envelope
500g satchel
B4 envelope
DL [C5] windowface

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
Number of items

Exercise 3.03
1 (a) low tide (b) No. Lowest tide at 10.06 pm. (c) Only has one high tide. (d) Thursday 25th, 5.17 pm. Second low is the lower of the two tides
each day and low tide height is increasing through the week. (e) Low tide. 0.4 m. (f) Sat 27th, 12.10 am (g) no (h) no 2 (a) no (b) No train, or train
does not stop. (c) 9.04 (d) 9.12 (e) 8.57. This is the first train that stops at Arncliffe. (f) 37 mins. Express trains do not stop at all stations. (g) 6 mins
(h) Wait for the 9.12 and you will not have to change trains. (i) Wait for the 9.12 and you will not have to change trains. (j) The earlier train will be
less crowded than the all-stops later train. 3 (a) 14.6 (b) high (c) 1993, 1994, 1997, 2002 (d) July:2.5; Jan: +0.7 (e) winter (f) 8.0 (g) calm
weather with warm seas and little rain 4 (a) 226 (b) 8 (c) Yes. Best For and Against record. (d) five draws (e) had more points scored against them
(f) because there is an odd number of teams in the competition and they play more than eight rounds (g) Yes. Two points. (h) raiders 5 (a) 3493
(b) $248.90 (c)14 hrs 33 min (d) yes (e) $5785.15 (f) People in Broken Hill may feel that their capital city is Adelaide. 6 (a) ML Hayden
(b) There are two batsmen batting at the same time. (c) Gilchrist and Love were batting and Gilchrist got out. (d) ML Hayden e SR Waugh (f) no
7 (a) $8.58 (b) $11.86 (c) $1.88 (d) 4 (e) All figures are in dollars. Less clutter if they are left out.

436

Answers

Who am I?
John Nash

Exercise 3.04
1 (a) 5 (b) 2 (c) Once the ride is nearly full, operator waits till it fills up. (d) less than half (e) about 6
2
(a) Hockey does not have enough for a team. Neither does touch. Rugby has enough for a
League team but not for an RU side. (b) Striking out hockey and touch, the extra players
may join the rugby team as well as strengthen other teams. (c) Rugby, basketball, bowling,
squash, tennis, table tennis

S T
Sport

3 (a) Although there were more female drivers in the 40-50 kph range, they were mostly in the low 40s. The male drivers were nearer the 50 kph
range. (b) male (c) female (d) Many female drivers were close to the speed limit, which may suggest they are more conscious of the limit.
(e) No. Although more than 50% of the drivers exceeded the limit, in many cases it was by only a couple of kph which may not trip a speed camera
anyway.

18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
6

3.8
3.6
3.4
3.2
3
2.8
2.6
2.4
2.2
2

4
0
1
0
1
5
0

5
1
2
1
5

6 8 9 9
2
2 7 9
2 2 3 5

(a) none (b) about 110 min (c) 94, 95, 96 min are the shortest. 131, 135 and 145 min are the longest.
(d) no (e) Random. There is no obvious pattern towards one or other ends of the plot. There are fewer
very long movies. (f) Average. Some movies are shorter, some longer.

Random generator
(c) Expect to see all numbers represented approximately equally. (d) They are not evenly occurring.
(e) The higher numbers do not appear as often as expected in this sample.

1 2 3 4 5 6
Average household size
(c) Household size is shrinking. (d) no (e) 2.54 (f) no

1961
1966
1971
1976
1981
1986
1991
1996
2001

4 9
10
11
12
13
14
15

Answers

437

Minutes to melt

50

(c) 7 minutes (d) apparently would melt in about 60 minutes (e) The regression line
would need to be curved to accurately model the data. As temperature approaches
freezing, time to melt becomes infinite.

Minutes

40
30
20
10
0

10
20
Temperature

30

Typing speed and errors

14

(c) no (d) The better typists were the ones who could type faster and thus made fewer errors.
The beginners typed slower and made more errors.

Number of errors

12
10
8
6
4
2
0

10

20
30
40
Words in 1 minute

50

9 (a) off-side 10 (a) $13 650 (b) $142.50 (c) $13 792.50 11 (a) label (b) formula (c) data 12 price 13 add stamp duty to balance

Exercise 3.05
1 less 2 6 3 81 4 1440D Yes. Angle sum is a constant times the number of sides. Add the sides before multiplyiing by
35
90
the constant. 5 6840D 6 240 000 km 2 7 9 and 16 8 (a) 7 (b) 5 (c) 44 (d) 139 9 2 minutes 10 31 11 24 ways 12 There are ten possible answers.
9
11
333
90
You may have from 1 to 10 $20s. The number of $10s is found by subtracting three times the number of $20s from 31. The number of $5s is the
remainder of the 30 notes. e.g. 5 $20, 31 15 = 16 $10 and 30 (16 + 5) = 9 $5. 13 16 14 119 15 x = 9 16 six ways 17 Suiyi is 15, Xiao is 19.

Diagnostic Test
1 (a) continuous (b) categorical (c) discrete 2 (a) 61 mph (b) 65 kph (c) 160 kph 3 (a) 650 m (b) between 11.10 am and 12.00 am
(c) Returned quickly after sight-seeing on the way out. 4 (a) octopus 19%, stingray 8%, shark 9%, sea lion 34%, porpoise 30%
5
Rainfall in mm

Total monthly rainfall

50

Squash courts
Gymnasium
Performance Hall
Training Field

40
30
20

Make the bar 9 cm in length

10
0

Oct

Nov

Dec

Jan

Feb

Mar

Sq 9 36 = 2.25 cm
144
G 9 48 = 3 cm
144
9
P 42 = 2.625 cm
144
T Rest

Squash

438

36
48
42
18
144

Answers

Gymnasium

Performance

Train

7 (a) 10 years (b) 85 (c) 72 (d) 2 years (e) false (someone aged 83 expects to live to 91.6 while someone aged 56 expects to live to 85) 8 (a) 42 mins
(b) 1.40 pm (or a little earlier) (c) First entry for Saint Street in pm should be 12.45. (d) Between Park Way and Belmont after 8.20 pm.
9 (a) youngest 9, oldest 66 (b) teens (11-19) and 20s (20-29) groups (c) Yes. More leisure time, concession rates, fewer alternative activities. (d)
Small representation. Likely to have children to mind, work-related activities.
11

Histogram

12
10
8
6
4
2
0

Score B

Frequency

10

2 3 4 5
Score

6 7

Scatter plot

10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
0

4
6
Score A

10

Chapter 4: Pythagoras Theorem

Getting Started
4 (a) equilateral (b) right-angled (c) scalene (d) right angled, isosceles (e) isosceles (f) right angled 5 no, all angles are 60 6 1
7 angle in semicircle 90 9 (a), (c), (e) Right angled triangles

Exercise 4.01
1 (a) B (b) B (c) C (d) C 2 (a) x2 = 32 + 52 (b) x2 = 122 + 82 (c) x2 = 22 + 22 (d) x2 = 82 + 152 3 (a) 13 m (b) 10 cm (c) 25 m (d) 50 m (e) 26 m (f) 15 m
4 (a) 2.2 (b) 5.7 (c) 5.4 (d) 4.5 (e) 12.6 (f) 12.8 5 (a) 11.7 m (b) 12.6 m (c) 7.1 m (d) 5.7 m 6 (a) 7.8 (b) b = 14.4 (c) 11.2 (d) 4.2 7 (a) 4.2 (b) 5
(c) 5 (d) 5 (e) 3.6 (f) 5 8 (a) 4.3 m (b) 15.6 km (c) 5.0 m (d) 11.3 cm (e) 26.9 km 9 (a) obtuse (b) acute

Exercise 4.02
1 (a) 52 = x2 + 42 (b) 102 = 82 + x2 (c) 262 = a2 + 102 (d) 252 = 242 + x2 (e) 152 = w2 + 122 (f) 132 = y2 + 122 2 (a) 10.4 (b) 12.7 (c) 6.9 (d) 4.1 (e) 14.4
(f) 20.7 3 (a) 4 (b) 8 (c) 24 (d) 10.4 (e) 12.7 (f) 7.1 (g) 4.9 (h) 6.6 (i) 7.9 4 5 km 5 9.8 m 6 4.5 7 796 m 8 43 m 9 67 m 10 38.2 m 11 (a) 13.2
(b) 7.1 (c) 7.1 (d) 0.5 (e) 10.6

Exercise 4.03
1 8 2 636.4 m2 3 120 cm2 4 11.3 cm 5 71 mm 6 yes 7 no 8 32 m 9 60 m2 10 1.7 cm2 11 Area = 250 m2 12 x = 14.1, y = 14.5
13 (a) x = 5.1, y = 1 (b) x = 5, y = 13 (c) x = 12 (d) w = 11 14 (a) 10.3 (b) x = 5, y = 2.6 15 (a) 18.4 cm (b) 72 cm2 (c) 7.8 cm 16 16.7 cm
17 Area = 214.6 m2 18 13.9 19 (a) 11.67 (b) 13.1 20 22.4

Diagnostic Test
1 C, D 2 12 3 (a) Y (b) Y (c) N (d) Y (e) Y (f) N 4 (a) A (b) D 5 (a) 10 (b) 13 (c) 5.7 (d) 25 6 (a) 3 (b) 12 (c) 7 (d) 4.9 (e) 8.7 (f) 7.1 7 (a) x = 4,
y = 11.3 (b) x = 3.2, y = 7.1 (c) 33.5 (d) 21.6 8 11.6 km 9 40 10 31.1 m 11 (a) 13 m (b) 156 m2

Chapter 5: Products and Factors

Getting Started
1 A 2 D 3 B 4 B 5 C 6 D 7 A 8 B 9 A 10 D

Exercise 5.01
1 (a) 3n, 90 (b) 3n + 1, 121 (c) 5n, 400 (d) 5n 1, 124 (e) n2 1, 899 (f) 5n 4, 146 (g) 2n + 7, 107 (h) n2 + 1, 401 2 (a) y = 4x + 1 (b) T = 2n + 7
(c) P = 8t 2 (d) f = 9s + 2 (e) v = 10a + 7 (f) v = 20a + 1 (g) v = 1 a + 20 3 (a) y = 100 2x (b) T = 20 2n (c) P = 50 6t (d) f = 40 5s
2
(e) v = 200 10a (f) y = 180 20x 4 (a) S = 4n + 1 (b) 2n, 2n, 1, S = 4n + 1 (c) 4n, 1, 4n + 1 (d) 3n, n, 1, S = 4n + 1 (e) 2n, (n + 1), n, S = 4n + 1
(f) (1) True, (2) True (3) True (4) True 5 (a) W = 6c + 12 (b) coil = 6 tonnes, truck = 12 tonnes 6 (a) y = 3x + 7 (b) T = 4n + 2 (c) P = 5t 1
(d) f = 80 s (e) v = 100 5a (f) v = 60 2a 7 C = 1.5 d + 2.5. Flagfall = $2.50, rate = $1.50 per km.

Answers

439

Exercise 5.02
1 (a) True

(b) True
7y

2y

5y

y=2

14

10

18

y=3

21

15

27

y=4

28

20

4x

5x

9x

x=1

x=2

10

x=3

12

15

2 (a) 20 (b) 5 (c) 4 (d) 7 (e) 3 (f) 1 (g) 1 (h) 1 (i) 6 (j) 11 (k) 13 (l) 15 (m) 2 (n) 16 (o) 13 (p) 9 (q) 31 (r) 34 (s) 34 (t) 23 3 (a) 21 (b) 18
(c) 15 (d) 27 (e) 7 (f) 23 (g) 1 (h) 37 (i) 11 (j) 1 (k) 29 (l) 1 (m) 86 (n) 25 (o) 9 4 (a) 4x (b) 2x2 (c) 5xy (d) 4ba (e) 4y3 (f) 4axy (g) 2x2y3
(h) 6 (i) 2x2y2 (j) 4p 5 (a) 35 (b) 60 (c) 66 (d) 20 6 (a) 5x (b) 12y (c) 22t (d) 23e (e) 14z (f) 14g (g) 14ab (h) 8xy (i) 19atq (j) 14ax (k) 24xyz (l) 10g
(m) 2y2 (n) 8x2 (o) 21a3 (p) 9ax2 (q) 11b2t (r) 7s5 7 (a) 14gt cm (b) 18ab mm (c) 22x2 mm (d) 22xyz cm 8 (a) 8 (b) 40 (c) 48 (d) 8 9 (a) 5x (b) 4y
(c) 4t (d) 9e (e) 12z (f) 20g (g) 2bc (h) xy (i) xtq (j) 2ed (k) 0 (l) 5gx (m) 0 (n) 4z3 (o) 3h4 (p) 3tb3 (q) 5c2 (r) 5f 3 10 (a) 9x (b) 3y (c) 24t (d) e
(e) 9z (f) 0 (g) 4ax (h) 10by (i) 13sty (j) 16e2 (k) 7z3 (l) 7pg2 11 (a) p + q (b) 15t (c) 500kt2 12 (a) 19y (b) 7a (c) 12w (d) 3g (e) z (f) 5b (g) 2by
(h) st (i) 8abx (j) 12x2 (k) 7z3 (l) 6pt2 13 (a) 6x (b) 7y (c) 8z (d) 3y (e) 14ab (f) 5y2 (g) 8z6 (h) 3k 14 (a) 3y + 5 (b) 3a + 8 (c) 3w + 4 (d) 6t 7
(e) 10q + 3 (f) 10h 11 (g) 3 (h) 2cd 5 (i) pqr + 3 (j) 12ef 20 15 (a) 17x + 4y (b) 2y + 4a (c) 9t 6b (d) 2e 6t (e) 8z 7c (f) g 7h
(g) by + 5cx (h) 7bc 5ax (i) 12abc + 9xyz (j) 10x2 + 9y2 (k) 6a3 b3 (l) 7ac2 + 8ac 16 (a) 8x + 11y (b) 3y + 9a (c) 8t + d (d) 4f + 4c (e) 6z 10a
(f) 2h 16y (g) 7ax + 11xy (h) 13cf 11dt (i) 3pqr + 3rts (j) 14z2 14y2 (k) 4x3 t3 17 (a) (1) 9x + 8y (2) 2x + 5y (3) 5x (b) (1) 13x + 12y
(2) 5x + 2y (c) (1) 9bx + 14ab (2) 14ab (3) 9bx (d) (1) 18ax + 21bx (2) 9xb + 8ax (3) 10ax + 12bx (4) 2ax + 3bx 18 (a) 7a + 9b (b) 3b 9y
(c) 8d t (d) 9f + 4c (e) 3c 10q (f) 15y 16h (g) ax 5xy (h) cf 11td (i) 3paq 7 (j) 14y2 (k) 4a3 11t4 (l) 14qt2 + 9qr2 5rq2
19 (a) 2x + 10y + 9 (b) a 3b + 2 (c) 10y 1 (d) 2g2 + 5k 4 (e) 7x2 8y 5 (f) 6by + 3c + 3 (g) ax 7xy 8 (h) 3ab2 9tc + 11
(i) 3xyz + 9p 10 (j) a2 7ab 12 (k) 1 11k4 (l) qr2 5rq2 7qt2 1

Exercise 5.03
1 (a) True

(b) True
30xy

6y

5x

x = 2, y = 5

300

30

10

240

x = 3, y = 4

360

24

15

160

x = 4, y = 2

240

12

20

4x

5a

20ax

x = 2, a = 3

15

120

x = 3, a = 4

12

20

x = 4, a = 2

16

10

2 (a) 12y (b) 28y (c) 56d (d) 28f (e) 12p (f) 40t (g) 30a (h) 24y (i) 70b (j) 36x (k) 120z (l) 21x (m) 48a (n) 18y (o) 4a 3 (a) 18d CDs (b) 35x km
(c) 280p points (d) 32 000k km 4 (a) 12yb (b) 2gx (c) 5dy (d) 4eg (e) 6mq (f) 5gt (g) 2ac (h) 12x (i) 80q (j) 49d (k) 20t (l) 9t 5 (a) 10ax (b) 21by
(c) 54dt (d) 24ef (e) 54qz (f) 60gh (g) 60abc (h) 24xyz (i) 100acq (j) 7abx (k) 60xyz (l) 48gt (m) 12ty (n) 24bx (o) 35ad (p) 10ab (q) 14cx (r) 40df
(s) 24de (t) 35pq (u) 50kg (v) 3aby (w) 20pqr 6 (a) 12ax2 (b) 14b2y3 (c) 45d3t4 (d) 3e2f5 (e) 24q3z4 (f) 25h6t6 (g) 40a2b3c3 (h) 30x3y4z7 (i) 20a3c4q3
(j) 60b2x3 (k) 90x3y2 (l) 18t4x3 (m) 24ghk (n) 24abc (o) 60rtf (p) 4aby (q) 30gjk 7 (a) 10xy (b) 18ax2y (c) 20b3c4t2 (d) 12xy (e) 5ab2xy (f) 28ab2c2t3
8 (a) 216 (b) 108 (c) 64 000 (d) 96 9 (a) 14x2y3 km (b) $50a2bx3y2 (c) 30a2t litres 10 (a) 2y (b) 6x (c) 3a (d) 2k (e) 4q (f) 3t (g) 3b (h) 2k (i) 2xy (j) 8pq
11 (a) 2x (b) 2y (c) 4a (d) 4t (e) 4k (f) 3 y (g) 3c (h) 3xx (i) 3ab (j) 3 xy (k) 4 st (l) 4kt (m) 9 g (n) 2a (o) 12t 12 (a) 6 (b) 15 (c) 12
2 y
(g) c (h) 2c
(d) 18 (e) 36 (f) 4 (g) 4 (h) 2 (i) 4b (j) 4 x (k) 5t (l) 6t (m) 4t (n) 2 (o) 21r 13 (a) x (b) a (c) c (d) 3t (e) k (f)
2
3
3
4
12
3
15
3
q
2y
2
a
a

t
t
x
3
c
3
2
4
t
z
x
1

2
r
(i) (j) (k)
(l)
(m) (n) (o)
14 (a) cm (b)
cm (c)
m (d) 3 x cm (e) 4abc cm (f) 5a x m 15 (a)
(b)
(c)
5
2
5
6
7
3
3
2
4
4a
3
3
3
h
12
z
(d) 3stk (e)
(f)
5x
2

Exercise 5.04
1 (a) x 3 (b) y 2 (c) t 4 (d) e3k 2 (e) z 5 (f) g 3 (g) a 6 (h) x 6 y 8 (i) t10 2 (a) 8 x 2 (b) 24 y 2 (c) 27t 2 (d) 24e3 (e) 24 z 3 (f) 70 g 3 (g) 60a 3 (h) 240 x 4
(i) 90q 3 (j) 35a 4 3 (a) 12 x 3 (b) 28 y 4 (c) 45t 6 (d) 4e7 (e) 36 z 6 (f) 27 g 3 (g) 60a 2b (h) 8 x 6 y 3 (i) 60a 4 q 6 (j) 7 a 4 x 2 (k) 27 g 3
(l) 24 xy 2 (m) 8 x 6 y 3 (n) 60a 4t 6 (o) 9 p 3q 3 s 2 4 (a) 300 g 3 bars

440

Answers

(b)

Width

Length

Height

No of bars

5g

10g

6g

300g3

15

30

18

8100

g=3

5 (a) y 2 (b) x 3 (c) z 5 (d) t 3 (e) x (f) 3d 2 (g) 3 x 4 (h) 2 y 3 (i) 3t (j) 2d 11 6 (a) x 4 (b) y 5 (c) t 4 (d) e8 (e) z 3 (f) 3 g (g) 2 s 2 (h) 4 w4
(i) 3e7 (j) 4 z 7 (a) a 2 q 2 (b) b 4c (c) d (d) e6 k 3 (e) t 3 z 2 (f) 4 g 3 f 2 (g) 2 s 2t 2 (h) 4 w2 y 3 (i) d (j) 4a 2b3c 3 8 (a) x 3 y 2 (b) x 3c 2 (c) xy 2 z 3
(d) a 4t (e) k 2 g (f) 6 x 2 d 2 (g) 2 y 3 x 4 (h) 4t 4 y 3 (i) 3t (j) 2 9 (a) 25dy trucks (b) 9d 2 km/hr (c) 4a 2b metres (d) 2bx (e) $4bx 10 (a) t 3
(b) x 2 (c) c 3 (d) k 3 (e) y (f) x 6 (g) s 7 (h) w7 (i) x 6 (j) a 6 11 (a) 2 x 3 (b) 2 y 2 (c) 5a 2 (d) 2t 2 (e) 9b3 (f) 4 x 5 (g) w5 (hh) 4 y 8 (i) 8 x 4
(j) 10 g 6 12 (a) 3 (b) 32 (c) 2c 6 (d) 32 (e) 82 (f) 64 (g) 2 (h) 13 (i) 1 (j) 1 2 13 (a) x12 (b) a15 (c) y 4 (d) 16b12 (e) 27 a 6
s
t
2
k
y
x
w
x
2a
(f) 25a 6 (g) 8 x 3 y 3 (h) 81a8b12 (i) 32a 5b15 (j) 1000a 6b9c 3 14 (a) 25 = 32 (b) 22 x (c) (22 x )7 = 214 x 15 (a) x14 (b) b 4 (c) y 7 (d) 72a 22 (e) 2000c15
(f) y 8 (g) 6a 5b 2 (h) 12a10 (i) 24x (j) 32 x 16 (a) x 0 (b) b 0 (c) y 0 (d) a 3 (e) y 6 (f) x 0 Zero index means 1. 17 (a) 25 (b) 23 (c) 1 (d) 1875 (e) 1 (f) 1

Exercise 5.05
6
2
1 (a) 14 (b) 13 (c) 72 (d) 63 (e) 2 2 (f) 3 6 (g) 1 4 (h) 6 (i) 12 2 (j) x3 (k) 4a5 (l) 3a3 2 (a) 21x5 (b) 8a2 (c) 35y (d) 4e3 (e) 30a
xy
t
x
a
y
t
(ab)
y
3k
5b
4s t
b
b
(f) 245 (g) 53 (h) 12x (i) 60q3 (j) 143 3 PVT1 4 (a) 3 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 1 5 (a) x3 (b) c2 (c) z5 (d) y10 (e) x1 (f) 4d2 (g) 2y2 (h) 1 a 7 (i) 1 t 2 (j) 1 d 1
4
5
3
8
3
4
2
x
a
t
1
1
1
3
6 (a) y8 (b) c4 (c) t4 (d) 3g2 (e) x1 7 (a) t2y1 (b) x1y2 (c) a2b3 (d) e4k2 (e) g3f 1 (f) s2t3 (g) w2y1 (h) t1 8 (a) x2y1 (b) a2b (c) xy1z2
2
2
3
2
1
2
3
(d) b1c4 (e) 6x3d4 (f) y3x5 (g) 4 x4y3 (h) a2t3 9 (a) t1 (b) x2 (c) c2 (d) x4 (e) w2 10 (a) 3x2 (b) 2y3 (c) 2a2 (d) 3t2 (e) 1 (f) 4y1 (g) 6x2
3
2

8
4 6
1 6 12 3
1 6
1 6
1 3 3
1 3 9
(h) 10g3 11 (a) x6 (b) y9 (c) t8 (d) 16k8 (e) a (f) b (g) x z (h) 9a b (i) a b (j) a b c 12 (a) y14 (b) x2 (c) a29 (d) 9 a16
27
9
25
8
8
16
(e) 125 c13 (f) 1024y2

Exercise 5.06
1 (a) 5 x (b) 3 a 2 (c) 6 y (d) 5 t 4 (e) k 3 (f) 3 b8 (g) 1
3 2
b
(f) z

3
4

(g) (2a )
1

1
3

(h) 7(4 xy )

1
5

25

(h) xy (i)
7

17

3 (a) x 6 (b) a 3 (c) y 6 (d) 8t 5 (e) 18 y 18 (f) 24k

17

11

13

5 (a) x 6 (b) y 2 (c) c 10 (d) g 12 (e) x 40 6 (a) t 15 (b) x 4 (c) c 20 (d) x

1

1
4
(2 st )3

37
12

(e) w

3
4

23
8

(j)

1
4
(6 xy )5

(g) x

5
6
3

2 (a) g 4 (b) t 3 (c) y 7 (d) m 3 (e) (8 xy ) 5

1

(h) y 3 x
5

7 (a) 4 x 5 (b) 4 y 12

3
4

4 (a) 4 (b) 8 (c) 1 (d) 9 (e) 27 (f) 3

9
8
8
73
4
2
1
20
3
(c) 5a (d) 4 (e) y 8 (a) x (b) y 5
2

(c) t 2 (d) k 2 (e) a (f) y 8 (g) 2 z 3 (h) 1 b 5 (i) 1 a 2 (j) 1 c 10

3
16
8

Exercise 5.07
1 (a) 6a + 24 (b) 4x + 8 (c) 7e + 63 (d) 2 f + 10 (e) 3 g + 24 (f) 5 x 30 (g) 8 y 88 (h) 4 z 36 (i) 18a + 12 (j) 15b + 5 (k) 12 y + 18a
(l) 21b 14a (m) 4c 28 (n) 10 z 5 (o) 21a + 15 (p) 18b + 27 (q) 24 y 12a (r) 11b 22a 2 (a) 5a 2 + 15a (b) 7 y 2 + 14 y (c) 2b 2 + 18b
(d) 2 f 2 + 10 f (e) 3 g 2 + 24 g (f) 9a 2 54a (g) 8 x 2 8 x (h) 4 p 2 28 p (i) 3c 2 2c (j) 15 y 2 10 y (k) 12k 6k 2 (l) 2d 2d 2 (m) 3 x 2 2 x
(n) 2 p 2 + 7 p (o) c + 2c 2 (p) 20a 2 30a (q) 36k 8k 2 (r) 15e 12de 3 (a) 2 x 2 2 x (b) 3 y 2 6 y (c) 5b 2 45b (d) 3e 2 12e
(e) 4k 2 20k (f) 7 m 2 + 42m (g) 3 x 2 + 3 x (h) 4q 2 + 8q (i) c 2 2c (j) 3y 2 9 y (k) 4 j 2 32 j (l) 5d 2 10d 4 (a) 6a 2 + 8a
(b) 6 y 2 + 9 y (c) 20b 2 + 4b (d) 18 g 2 + 30 g (e) 14k 2 + 21k (f) 14n 21n 2 (g) 20 y 12 y 2 (h) 8 j 12 j 2 (i) 22c 2 33c (j) 9a 2 15a
(k) 6 x 2 16 x (l) 8 y 20 y 2 (m) 3c 2 2c 5 (a) C (b) B (c) D (d) A (e) C (f) A (g) D (h) B 6 (a) 8 x 2 + 10 x cm 2 (b) 15t 2 + 9t cm 2 (c) 8 x 2 + 4 xy cm 2
15t 2 p 5t
cm 2 7 (a) 7 y + 22 (b) 5 x + 12 (c) 9a + 31 (d) 5 f + 16 (e) 5 g (f) 7 x 30 (g) 11g 2 (h) 5 x 6
(d) 6 p 2 4 p cm 2 (e) 6q 9q 2 cm 2 (f)
2
(i) 9a + 12 (j) 12b 21 (k) 11c 6 (l) 5t 9 8 (a) 2a + 10 (b) 2 (c) x 6 (d) 2 c (e) 6t 18 (f) g 14 (g) 5k + 36 (h) x 18 (i) 4 x + 5 (j) 3b 11
(k) 2 y + 26 (l) 16 9 (a) x 2 + 4 x + 2 (b) y 2 + 8 y + 12 (c) a 2 + 7 a + 8 (d) c 2 + 7c + 6 (e) t 2 + 2t + 9 (f) g 2 2 g 6 (g) k 2 + 6k 12 (h) x 2 3 x + 6
(i) y 2 + 5 y + 9 (j) b 2 + 3b 5 (k) y 2 + 5 y 20 (l) t 2 3t + 6 10 (a) y 2 + 2 y 2 (b) x 2 6 (c) a 2 a 15 (d) t 2 + 2t 6 (e) g 2 4 g 6 (f) x 2 9 x + 6
(g) g 2 2 g + 20 (h) x 2 9 x 6 (i) a 2 2a 6 (j) b 2 5b + 3 (k) c 2 2c + 20 (l) x 2 7 x 6 11 (a) 2 x 2 + 9 x + 2 (b) 3 y 2 + 11 y + 12
(c) 4a 2 + 10a + 12 (d) 5c 2 + 10c + 4 (e) 2t 2 + 7t + 6 (f) 2 g 2 2 g 6 (g) 4k 2 + 6k 12 (h) 3 x 2 9 x 6 (i) 2 x 2 x 9 (j) 3b 2 11b 5
(k) 5 y 2 + y + 20 (l) 2t 2 12t 6 12 (a) 12 x 2 + 17 x (b) 14 y 2 + 11 y (c) 22a 2 + 14a (d) 17c 2 + 16c (e) 20t 2 + 23t (f) 8 g 2 19 g (g) 19k 2 + 12k
(h) 9 x 2 30 x (i) 12 x 2 5 x (j) b 2 35b (k) 24 y 2 14 y (l) t 2 19t

Answers

441

Exercise 5.08
1 (D2) 160 (D3) 15 (D4) 40 (D5) 24 (D6) 90 (D7) 0 2 (a) x = 5, y = 35 (b) x = 5, y = 61 (c) x = 35, y = 6 (d) x = 55, y = 6 (e) x = 5, y = 4
3 =(A2*B2)/2 4 (a) 26 (b) 68 (c) 73.5 (d) 92 (e) 21 5 (a) Rectangle.Height(2)*Rectangle.Width(2) (b) Triangle.Height(1)*Triangle.Width(1)/2
(c) (Rectangle.Height(3) + Rectangle.Width(3))*2 6 (a) value 1 = 3, value 2 = 7, value 3 = 10 (b) x = 16 (c) y = 4 (d) 240

Exercise 5.09
1 (a) 5 2 (b) 5 3 (c) 5 22 (d) 3 23 (e) 32 22 (f) 5 23 (g) 7 3 2 (h) 5 32 (i) 3 24 (j) 5 3 22 (k) 32 23 (l) 5 32 23
2 (a) 5 (b) 5 (c) 20 (d) 12 (e) 12 (f) 15 (g) 6 (h) 15 (i) 16 (j) 24 (k) 4 (l) 30 3 (a) 4( x + 2) (b) 5( x + 3) (c) 5(5 y + 6) (d) 8(2a 2 + 1)
(e) 3(3a + 2) (f) 25(3 + 2k ) (g) 6(3t 1) (h) 6(4 g 3) (i) 3(7 z 2 5) (j) 3(2k 7) (k) 5(8t 3) (l) 7(4 5 g )
5

6 (a) b c c (b) t t t t k k k (c) 2 2 a b c (d) 3 3 2 x x y (e) 7 2 2 x x y y (f) 3 3 2 2 g g g g k

(g) 2 2 2 x y z z (h) 17 x (i) 3 2 2 2 x x x t (j) 2 y z (k) e f t (l) 5 5 2 2 x x 7 (a) 2 (b) tk (c) 2ab (d) 9 xy
(e) 4 xy (f) 6 gk (g) 2t (h) 4 pq 2 r 2 (i) 12a (j) 2 yz 8 (a) xy ( y + 1) (b) yp ( p + 1) (c) tk 2 (k + t ) (d) xk ( k 2 + x) (e) w2v 2 (1 + wv) (f) pq (r t )
(g) mnp ( p 2 m) (h) s 2t 2 f ( f t ) 9 (a) 4 pq (q + 2) (b) 3tk (k + 2) (c) 3en 2 (5n + 4e) (d) 4kt (3t 2 + 2k ) (e) 3 x 2 y 2 (2 + 3 xy ) (f) (6ab(2c 3 z ))
(g) 3 gtk (2k 2 3 g ) (h) 5 j 2t 2 p (2 p 3t ) (i) 6cj 2 k (5c 2 4k 2 )
11

Who am I?
Karl Friedrich Gauss

A gear puzzle
15 on A (10 on B and 24 on C)

442

Answers

Exercise 5.10
9y
4y
1 (a) 5 x (b)
(c) 19 z (d) 27 k (e) 29t (f) 3s (g) a (h) 3 z (i) 13k (j) 11t 2 (a) 3 x (b)
(c) a (d) 3 z (e) 13k (f) x (g) b
6
14
15
20
30
21
15
20
30
8
2
8
2
2
10
12
10
29 y
(e) 23b (f) 11e (g) 7 k (h) 7 x (i) 20c = 2c (j) x 4 (a) 5 x + 7 (b) 7 a + 11
(h) 3 z (i) c (j) 3 x 3 (a) 11x (b) 23a (c) 5t (d)
60
30
12
12
12
8
2
4
30
60
12
10
2
6
12
8 y + 29
3g 5
7 y 17
3y + 4
(d) 2 z + 3
(e) 11k 3 (f) 7e 13 (g)
(h) 3 z 3 (i) 7 x (j)
(c) 5t + 13 (d)
5 (a) a + 4 (b) x 2 (c)
15
30
12
6
10
15
4
10
12
6
12
6
2
2
2
(e) t + 27 (f) x 9 (g) k 15 (h) b 6 (i) 2 x + 4 (j) c 3 6 (a) ab (b) x (c) 2ab (d) pz (e) k (f) 15 x (g) 1 (h) 9 z (i) c
6
10
12
10
21
5
10
8
32 x
30
12
6
a
y
2
p
c
z
c
5
4
x
3
s
4
x
2
a
3
5
2
12
3
x
8
tz
81
d
2
z
7 (a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)
(h)
(i) 2 (j) 10 8 (a) a (b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(j)
x
72
3y
2t
5z
3b
4
9
4
2
9m
64
y
2 y2
3y2
3y
(g) 5a (h) 12a (i) 81ax (j)
5
5y
x
18

Exercise 5.11
1 (a) x2 + 5x + 4 (b) x2 + 5x + 6 (c) y2 + 16y + 55 (d) a2 + 16a + 63 (e) x2 + 8x + 15 (f) x2 + 7x + 12 (g) y2 + 13y + 40 (h) a2 + 11a + 28 (i) t2 + 18t + 72
2 (a) b2 + 2b 3 (b) g2 + g 12 (c) k2 + 6k 40 (d) x2 + 3x 40 (e) y2 + 3y 10 (f) w2 w12 (g) m2+3m 4 (h) p2 2p 35 (i) z2 z 156
3 (a) q2 7q+12 (b) d2 8d + 15 (c) t2 17t + 72 (d) k2 13k + 42 (e) x2 8x + 7 (f) a2 9a + 20 (g) b2 7b + 10 (h) y2 13y + 42 (i) d2 15d + 36
4 (a) 6x2 + 11x + 3 (b) 12d2 + 23d + 10 (c) 21t2 + 58t + 21 (d) 2k2 k 15 (e) 6x2 + 11x 7 (f) 20a2 20 (g) 6b2 31b + 5 (h) 16y2 14y + 3
(i) 20d2 72d + 36 5 (a) x2 + 2x + 1 (b) d2 + 10d + 25 (c) t2 + 14t + 49 (d) k2 + 6k + 9 (e) y2 + 40y + 400 (f) b2 + b + 0.25 (g) 4 + 4x + x2
(h) x2 + 2xy + y2 6 (a) x2 2x + 1 (b) a2 8a + 16 (c) b2 10b + 25 (d) y2 6y + 9 (e) p2 60p + 900 (f) f2 3f + 2.25 (g) 16 8a + a2
(h) y2 2xy + x2 7 (a) 4d2 + 20d + 25 (b) 16a2 + 24a + 9 (c) 25b2 + 30b + 9 (d) 100y2 + 20y + 1 (e) 9x2 + 60x + 100 (f) 4a2 + 28a + 49
(g) 16b2 + 4b + 0.25 (h) 4y2 + 4xy + x2 8 (a) 9d2 24d + 16 (b) 4a2 20a + 25 (c) 25t2 20t + 4 (d) 16y2 8y + 1 (e) 4d2 20d + 25
(f) 16a2 24a + 9 (g) 25 30x + 9x2 (h) 100y2 60y + 9 9 (a) x2 16 (b) a2 25 (c) t2 4 (d) 100 x2 (e) 4d2 25 (f) 16a2 9 (g) 25 9x2
(h) 100y2 9x2

Exercise 5.12
1 4 x 2 2 5 y 2 3 They are both prime numbers. 4 15 kg 5 76, 24 6 45 tickets 7 1.5 metres 8 (a) = 12 1 50 = 6 1 100 = 625 (b) 625 10 10 = 6.25
2
4
(c) 4 4 4 1000 = 64 000 (d) 9 100 = 3 10 = 30 9 10 m/sec 10 x and (180 2 x) or (90 x ) and (90 x ) 11 First term contains no y 2 term.
2
2
12 a = 6, b = 4, c = 3 13 40 days 14 x + y 15 (a) 23 girls (b) 19 under 13 yrs (c) 5 boys under 13 16 x = 65 17 2000

Diagnostic Test
1 (a) 11 (b) 14 (c) 14 2 (a) y = 100 2 x (b) y = 30 2 x (c) y = 3 x + 5 3 (a) 25 (b) 21 (c) 2 4 (a) 15 x (b) 5axy (c) bc 2 5 (a) 10 x + 13
(b) 7 ab + 11 (c) 3 gt 3 7 6 (a) 9 xy + 6 xt (b) 2 xy 2 2 yx 2 (c) 6ay 3 3 ya 3 7 (a) 3 xy + 8 xt (b) 4 xt 2 tx 2 (c) 3 y 3 3 x 3 8 (a) 8k (b) 80 pqj
4by
13 (a) y 7
(c) 28 gt 9 (a) 20 x 3k 3 (b) 36drfg (c) 6v 3k 3t 4 10 (a) 2ab (b) 2q (c) 3t 2 111 (a) 2k (b) 3 g (c) 3 12 (a) 2 (b) 2t (c)
a
4g
(b) 20 x8 (c) 24a 6b3 14 (a) 4a 2 (b) 2e 4 f (c) 4dx 15 (a) c 3 (b) z 2 (c) 2 16 (a) 8 y + 28 (b) 3d 2 24 (c) 48s 32 s 2 17 (a) 5 y + 18
3
x
(b) 2 x + 47 (c) 17t 8 18 (a) 5 y 2 + 8 y (b) 13 x 2 x 2 (c) 11t 2 t 19 (a) 3(2 y + 3) (b) 6 g (3t 1) (c) xt (t 3 x) 20 (a) 2 xy ( x 2 y )
3
2
xy
y
3ay
(b)
(c) x 22 (a) 3 (b) b 2 (c) 2
(b) 3ab 2c(4 + 3ac) (c) 6nm(4nm 4 3t ) 21 (a)
8
14
2
z
2c
x

Answers

443

Chapter 6: Revision Papers

Revision Paper 1
1 C 2 D 3 D 4 D 5 D 6 A 7 C 8 B 9 C 10 C 11 B 12 D 13 B 14 A 15 D 16 D 17 B 18 C 19 B 20 D 21 C 22 C 23 A 24 C 25 D
26 51 min 27 0.4 28 52% 29 47% 30 7 cm 31 1 32 0.1625 33 (a) 2% (b) 462 34 (4 + 3) 7 1 = 48 35 60.4, 63.2
4
36 (a) x = 2 (b) m = 6 (c) w = 5 37 $64, cheaper by 80c 38 (a) k = 19 (b) x = 1 39 (a) 18 (b) 50 (c) (i) 50 (ii) 9 (d) 9
17
40 (a) 150 by bus (b) 120 by car 41 (a) 3a 3b (b) 12a 2 (c) 12 x 3 y 3 (d) 2a 42 (a) made a profit of $50.00
b
(b) Yes, each time he buys and sells the horse he makes $10. Hee must make 22 transactions
43 (a) 4(m + 3) (b) 3k (k + 2) (c) 2ab 2 (ab + 2) 44 100 45 60 46 26 km 47 72 kg 48 $1.20 49 (a) 18, 35, 36 50 12 days

Revision Paper 2
1 C 2 D 3 C 4 D 5 C 6 B 7 D 8 B 9 D 10 C 11 C 12 B 13 B 14 D 15 A 16 D 17 D 18 A 19 A 20 B 21 C 22 C 23 B 24 D 25 B
26 (a) $172.50 (b) 204 27 (a) 0.54 (b) 4.84 28 (a) 10.6 (b) 11.4 29 $108 30 (a) 4a2b6 (b) 2a (c) 6a5b5 31 (a) 2(p + 3)
b
5 y + 11
1
(b) 5d(1 2d) (c) 3p2q(pq + 3) 32 8 cars 33 (a) 24 (b) 3 (c) 25 34 5 35
36 (a) 10.5 kg (b) 22.75 kg 37 (a) 11x 3 (b)
38 (a) Feb
12
4
6
(b) 100 (c) May (d) 480 mm 39 0.3 m 40 (a) 8m2 + 6m 9 (b) 4m2 1 (c) 4m2 4m + 1 41 (a) 6x + 6 (b) 140 cm2

48

42

48

42

7
4

42 (a)

(b) one method, 96 + 84 = 180

43 24 different ways 44 $800 45 200 cm2 46 15.8 cm 47 1 km 48 14% 49

50 Ben began with 20 marbles

Revision Paper 3
1 C 2 A 3 B 4 C 5 A 6 B 7 B 8 A 9 B 10 A 11 A 12 B 13 C 14 B 15 C 16 17 D 18 D 19 A 20 C 21 B 22 A 23 C 24 C 25 B
26 (a) 1.2 (b) 3.2 27 (a) 13.5 kg (b) 5 km 28 (a) 4000 mm (b) 75 mm (c) 3.8 t (d) .0056 kg 29 $217 800 30 $432 31 (a) 12
x+3
3m
(b) 2 (c) 4 (d) 2 34 (a) 16.6 cm (b) 17.3 cm 35 (a) 2a2 4a (b) 5 36 27 cm2
(b) 14 32 (a) 5p 11 (b) 6pq (c) 8c3d3 (d) 4x8 33 (a)
8
37 x = 5, y = 13 38 (a) 3(q 3) (b) 4f(1 + 2f) (c) 5fg(f 2g2) 39 (a) 48 cm3 (b) 108 cm2 40 (a) 80 (b) a = 110 b = 70 c = 110 41 (a) 3 pm (b) 1 pm,
20 km from Town A (c) stopped for a break (d) both averaged 10 km/h 42 (a) $6 (b) 4 kg (c) scale on the second graph has been reduced
1
43 20.6 44 P = 6y 2, A = 2y2 + 3y 20 45 8 emus 46 (a) (b) 59.1% (c) $106 200 47 91 marks 48 (a) 4 (b) 8 (c) 2 49 96% 50 (a) obtuse (b) acute
5

Chapter 7: Area and Volume

Getting Started
1 4 or 5 cups 2 9 cm2 3 (a) 9 cm2 (b) 9 cm2 4 (a) 3 rows, 5 columns (b) 15 cells 5 6.5 square units 6 6 cm2 7 (a) 10000 cm2 (b) 100 mm2
(c) 10 000 m2 (d) 1000 000 m2 8 (a)32 cm2 (b)6 cm2 (c)30 cm2 (d) 12 cm2 9 25 cm2 10 (a) 12 cm2 (b)40 cm2

Exercise 7.01
1 (a) 18 cm 2 (b) 8 cm 2 (c) 400 cm 2 (d) 36 cm 2 (e) 60 cm 2 (f) 5.76 cm 2 (g) 24 cm 2 (h) 9.2 cm 2 (i) 48 cm 2 2 (a) 72.25 cm 2
(b) 61.2 cm 2 (c) 40.8 cm 2 (d) 30 cm 2 (e) 23 cm 2 (f) 120 cm 2 3 (a) 96 m 2 (b) 2 700 m 2 (c) (i) 6 500 m 2 (ii) 0.65 ha (d) 100 ha
(e) 900 tiles (f) 6 tins of paint (g) 53.3 4 (a) 48 cm 2 (b) 16 cm 2 (c) 63 cm 2 (d) 108 cm 2 (e) 33 cm 2 (f) 64 cm2 (g) 48 cm2 (h) 48
8 cm 2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
(i) 21 cm (j) 48 cm (k) 52 cm (l) 44 cm 5 (a) 58 m (b) 48 m (c) 100 m (d) 243 cm 6 (a) 1.5 cm (b) 10 cm (c) 6.25 cm 2
(d) 3.125 cm 2 7 6.9 cm 2 8 10.4 cm 2 9 2592 cm 2 10 2.5 m 2 11 15 cm 2 12 20 cm 2

444

Answers

Exercise 7.02
1 (a) 200 mm 2 (b) 100 000 cm 2 (c) 50 000 m 2 (d) 4 000 000 m 2 (e) 2 ha (f) 5 m2 (g) 8 cm2 (h) 4.5 ha (i) 8 000 000 mm 2 (j) 100 cm 2
(k) 4 m 2 (l) 100 ha (m) 1000 ha (n) 20 000 000 mm 2 2 (a) 6000 mm3 (b) 10 cm3 (c) 2 500 000 cm 2 (d) m 2 3 (a) 8000 L (b) 20 000 mL
(c) 500 mL (d) 6 L (e) 10 L (f) 100 kL (g) 250 ML (h) 0.2 L (i) 8000 L (j) 5 000 000 L 4 (a) mL (b) mL (c) ML (d) L (e) mL (f) L
(g) mL (h) L (i) mL (j) L 5 (a) 2 L (b) 600 mL (c) 375 mL (d) 60 L (e) 2.5 mL

Exercise 7.03
1 (a) 140 cm 2 (b) 104 cm 2 (c) 48 cm 2 (d) 60 cm 2 (e) 80 cm 2 (f) 12 cm 2 2 (a) 168 cm 2 (b) 168 cm 2 (c) 108 cm 2 (d) 36 cm 2
(e) 340 cm 2 (f) 48 cm 2 (g) 28 cm 2 (h) 96 cm 2 (i) 69 cm 2

Exercise 7.04
1 (a) 16 (b) 38 cm3 (c) 36 cm3 (d) 60 cm3 (e) 480 cm3 (f) 96 cm3 (g) 72 cm3 (h) 1680 cm3 2 (a) 80 cm3 (b) 120 cm3 (c) 108 cm3
(d) 250 cm3 (e) 368 cm3 (f) 272 cm3 3 (a) 64 cm3 (b) 216 cm3 (c) 1000 cm3 4 (a) 250 cm3 (b) 108 cm3 (c) 200 cm3 (d) 32 cm3
5 (a) 512 cm3 (b) 192 cm3 (c) 192 cm3 (d) 96 cm3 (e) 224 cm3 (f) 480 cm3 (g) 336 cm3 6 (a) 72 cm3 (b) 42 cm3 (c) 384 cm3
7 (a) 72 cm3 (b) 180 cm3 (c) 108 cm3 (d) 1000 cm3 (e) 96 cm3 (f) 160 cm3 (g) 1344 cm3 (h) 400 cm3 (i) 360 000 cm3 8 (a) 64 cm3
(b) 128 cm3 (c) 60 cm3 (d) 240 cm3 9 (a) 6.7 m3 (b) 3.2 m3 (c) 135 m3 (d) 302 400 cm3 10 (a) 16 cm3 (b) 8 cm (c) 5 cm (d) 16 cm 2
11 (a) 60 (b) 32 (c) 25 (d) 15.12 m3 12 (a) 90 m 2 (b) 1800 m3 (c) 1 800 000 m3

Exercise 7.05
1 (a) cube (b) 24 cm 2 2 triangular prism (b) 88.8 cm 3 3 (a) 128 cm 2 (b) 128 cm 2 (c) 192 cm 2 (d) 96 cm 2 (e) 544 cm 2
4 (a) 24 cm 2 (b) 120 cm 2 (c) 192 cm 2 (d) 248 cm 2 (e) 336 cm 2 5 (a) 1800 cm 2 (b) 8400 cm 2 (c) 176 cm 2 6 (a) 13 cm (b) 450 cm 2
7 (a)
4

(b) 81.2 m 2 (c) $150 require 3 tins 8 3 by 4 by 3; 6 by 2 by 3, etc. 9 Double S.A. times 4, Triple S.A. times 9
10 S.A. times 4, Vol. times 8 11 80 cm 2 12 8 cm or 4 cm 13 4 cm

Exercise 7.06
1 12 cm 2 168 cm 3 3 4.8 m 3 4 (a) 32 cm 2 , 384 cm 3 (b) 12 cm 2 , 120 cm 3 (c) 32 cm 2 , 192 cm 3 (d) 96 cm 2 , 960 cm 3 (e) 1112 cm 2 , 1120 cm 3
(f) 5 6 cm, 216 cm3 6 C 7 A 8 3 9 10 cm
8

Diagnostic Test
1 (a) 24 cm, 36 cm 2 (b) 24 cm, 12 cm 2 (c) 24 cm, 24 cm 2 2 (a) 6 cm 2 (b) 25 cm 2 (c) 21 cm 2 3 (a) 12 cm 2 (b) 64 cm 2 (c) 80 cm 2
(d) 72 cm 2 (e) 40 cm 2 (f) 28 cm 2 4 (a) (i) 6500 m 2 (ii) 0.65 ha (b) 300 tiles 5 (a) 400 mm 2 (b) 80 000 cm 2 (c) 100 000 m 2 (d) 5 000 000 m
(e) 4 ha (f) 10 000 000 mm 2 6 (a) 5000 mm 3 (b) 10 cm 3 (c) 6 500 000 cm 3 (d) 8 m 3 7 (a) B (b) B (c) C 8 (a) 48 cm 2 (b) 48 cm 2
(c) 88 cm 2 (d) 48 cm 2 (e) 30 cm 2 9 (a) 108 cm 3 (b) (c) 36 cm 3 (d) 72 cm 3 (e) 300 cm 3 (f) 36 cm3 (g) 792 cm3 (h) 792 cm 3
(i) 384 cm 3 10 (a) 384 mL (b) 8 cm (c) 25 cm 2 (d) 36 11 (a) 96 cm 2 (b) 148 cm 2 12 8400 cm 2

Answers

445

Chapter 8: Circles and Cylinders

Exercise 8.01
1 (a) sector (b) radius (c) radius (d) semicircle (e) semicircle (f) semicircle 2 (a) tangent (b) diameter (c) chord (d) quadrant (e) minor segment
(f) major sector (g) major segment (h) tangent (i) semicircle (j) minor sector (k) minor arc (l) chord 3 isosceles triangle, sides are equal radii

Exercise 8.02
1 (a) 18.84 (b) 21.98 (c) 75.36 mm (d) 125.6 mm 2 (a) 94.2 (b) 25.1 (c) 31.4 (d) 50.3 3 (a) 31.4 (b) 22.0 (c) 50.3 (d) 150.8 4 (a) about 150 cm
(b) about 6 cm (c) about 14 cm 5 (a) 44 cm (b) 66 mm (c) 44 mm (d) 88 mm (e) 88 cm (f) 308 mm 6 40 212.4 km 7 816.8 m 8 (a) 188 cm
(b) (i) 3.77 m (ii) 188.5 m (c) (i) 53 revs (ii) 531 revs 9 B 10 67 cm 11 2.2 m 12 80 m

Exercise 8.03
1

1 (a) 36 cm (b) 21 3 cm (c) 57 3 cm (d) 35 cm (e) 47 cm (f) 64 cm (g) 84 cm (h) 40 cm (i) 44 cm 2 294.3 km 3 88 m 4 84 cm 5 (a) 0.17 cm
(b) 62.8 cm (c) 754 cm (d)1508 cm 6 3.14 m 7 5 revolutions (1 for the coin itself) 8 (a) 9.4 cm (b) yes 9 2r

Exercise 8.04
1 (a) 154 cm2 (b) 616 cm2 (c) 3850 cm2 (d) 38.5 cm2 (e) 154 cm2 (f) 616 cm2 2 (a) 50.3 cm2 (b) 113.1 cm2 (c) 232.4 cm2 (d) 314.2 cm2 (e) 113.1 cm2
(f) 36.3 cm2 3 (a) 77 cm2 (b) 19.6 cm2 (c) 11.1 cm2 (d) 209.4 cm2 4 (a) 20 cm2 (b) (i) 452 m2 (ii) 75 m (c) 103 cm2 (d) 3.14 m2
5 (a) extra large (b) family (c) extra large 6 616.5 cm2 7 (a) 37.7 cm2 (b) 66 cm2 (c) 62.8 cm2 (d) 34.6 cm2 8 (a) 37.7 cm2 (b) 62.8 cm2
9 (a) 73.1 cm2 (b) 68.2 cm2 (c) 108.5 cm2 (d) 64.3 cm2 (e) 49.1 cm2 (f) 87.5 cm2 (g) (h) 96.2 cm2 (i) 115.5 cm2 (j) 42.1 cm2 (k) 28.3 cm2
(l) 62.9 cm2 10 (a) 2618.0 cm2 (b) 235.6 (c) 2382.4 cm2

Exercise 8.05
1

1 (a) 3080 cm3 (b) 6160 cm3 (c) 25 7 cm2 (d) 2156 cm3 2 (a) 100.5 cm3 (b) 424.1 cm3 (c) 25132.7 cm3 (d) 1413.7 cm2 3 (a) 1130.4 (b) 4421.12
(c) 785 (d) 3077.2 4 (a) 603.2 cm2 (b) 503 mL (c) tank with height 5 cm (d) 76.9 Litres 5 30 000 L 6 (a) 169.6 cm3 (b) 169 646 L 7 37 700 m3
8 (a) 560.5 cm3 (b) 2260.8 cm3 (c) 37 680 cm3 9 (a) 603.2 cm3 (b) 2.4 L 10 7791 cm3 11 2.61 m 12 10 279 cm3 13 (a) V = r22r = 2r3
(b) V = d2r 14 (a) 9420 cm3 (b) 502.4 cm3 15 (a) 3.8 m3 (b) 1.35 m3 16 (a) 70 jars (b) 13 460 cm3

Exercise 8.06
1 7 cm 2 10 619 cm3 3 $3117.24 4 (a) 42.2 cm2 (b) 18.2 cm2 5 D 6 100 cm2 7 round peg in a square hole 8 (a) 10.5 cm2 (b) 210 cm3
11 (a)

2
200 (b) 157.1 cm

12 (a)

(b)

13 (a)

(c)

(b)

(c)
14 0.86 cm2 15 4.57 cm2 16 16 cm2 17 0.75 cm2

Diagnostic Test 8
1 (a) radius (b) diameter (c) minor arc (d) minor sector (e) semicircle (f) minor/major segment (g) tangent (h) quadrant (i) annulus
2 (a) 37.7 cm (b) 31.4 cm 3 (a) 3 cm (b) 25 cm (c) 39 cm (d) 29 cm 4 (a) 154 cm2 (b) 154 cm2 (c) 38.5 cm2 (d) 77 cm2 (e) 47.25 cm2 (f) 38.5 cm2
(g) 25.1 cm2 (h) 10.5 cm2 (i) 21.0 cm2 5 (a) 11.9 cm2 (b) 9.8 cm2 6 (a) 201 cm3 (b) 126 cm3 (c) 770 cm3 (d) 39 cm3 (e) 7 cm3 7 (a) 1 large
(b) 1 small and 1 medium

446

Answers

Chapter 9: Ratio, Rates and Scale Drawing

Getting Started
1 A 2 B 3 C 4 B 5 C 6 A 7 B 8 A 9 B 10 C

Exercise 9.01
1

Colon notation
3:4
2:5
5:8
1:4
5:3
8:5
9:5

Fraction notation
3
4
2
5
5
8
1
4
5
3
8
5
9
5

Using words
3 is to 4
2 is to 5
5 is to 8
1 is to 4
5 is to 3
8 is to 5
9 is to 5

2 (a) 2 (b) 40 (c) 12 (d) 25 (e) 15 (f) 16 (g) 15 (h) 15 (i) 20 (j) 13 3 (a) 4:3 (b) 3:8 (c) 3:2 (d) 5:3 (e) 9:8 4 (a) 2:1 (b) 3:1 (c) 4:1 (d) 5:1 (e) 9:1
(f) 6:1 (g) 3:2 (h) 4:3 (i) 3:2 (j) 3:1 (k) 3:2 (l) 10:1 (m) 1:4 (n) 1:5 (o) 1:3 (p) 1:3 (q) 3:1 (r) 1:6 (s) 3:2 (t) 4:3 (u) 2:3 (v) 2:5 (w) 8:5 (x) 3:2
5 (a) 3:4 (b) 5:8 (c) 2:5 (d) 2:5 (e) 12:1 (f) 4:15 (g) 3:2 (h) 8:5 (i) 6:5 (j) 8:7 6 (a) 1:2 (b) 30:1 (c) 1:8 (d) 6:1 (e) 25:4 (f) 3:16 (g) 9:40 (h) 13:40
(i) 8:5 (j) 3:2 7 (a) 1:40 (b) 40:1 (c) 1:41 (d) 41:40 8 (a) 1:3 (b) 1:4 (c) 3:4 9 (a) 3:2 (b) 2:3 (c) 3:5 (d) 5:2 10 (a) 7:23 (b) 23:7 (c) 23:30 (d) 30:7
(e) 30:23 (f) 7:30 11 (a) 50:1 (b) 100:1(c) too little 12 (a) 1:1 (b) 2:3 (c) 5:3 (d) 3:1 (e) 6:5 13 23 ratios 14 (a) 8:5 (b) 3:2 (c) 5:12 (d) 31:32
15 1 orange and 2 apples : 6 bananas (+ other answers) 16 (a) 2:1 (b) 2:1 (c) 2:1 (d) 4:1 (e) 8:1 (f) does not indicate 1, 2 or 3-dimensional units.

Exercise 9.02
1 (a) 3:8 (b) 1:6 (c) 4:1 (d) 15:2 (e) 3:4 (f) 7:12 (g) 4:3 (h) 15:8 (i) 5:2 (j) 4:13 2 (a) 3:10 (b) 5:12 (c) 40:9 (d) 63:8 (e) 3:5 (f) 35:66 (g) 40:27
(h) 33:16 (i) 10:7 (j) 20:39 3 (a) 4:3 (b) 16:9 (c) 5:4 (d) 3:5 (e) 9:4 (f) 40:39 (g) 4:11 (h) 32:15 (i) 16:17 (j) 1037:2000 4 (a) 8:9 (b) 3:2 (c) 25:16
(d) 57:8 (e) 1:3 (f) 9:7 (g) 9:17 (h) 41:20 (i) 11:5 (j) 2:9 5 (a) 8:15 (b) 16:15 (c) 13:4 (d) 7:30 (e) 7:17 (f) 43:50 (g) 125:36 (h) 17:8 (i) 9:70
(j) 9:7 6 4:3 7 (a) 5:2 (b) 5:7 (c) 7:2 (d) 2:7 (e) 2:5 (f) 7:5 8 (a) $1.60 (b) $7.00 (c) $19.25 9 (a) 4:33, 1:8 (approx. same) (b) 1:25, 11:53 (c) 33:8
(d) Special K (e) Weet-Bix 10 (a) 7:9 (b) 4:7 (c) 9:4 (d) No. Need to know about the total. 11 (a) 8:1 (b) 16:1 (c) 16:1 (d) 8:3 (e) 1:16 (f) 1:3
(g) 3:4 (h) 4:1

Exercise 9.03
1 (a) 400 ml (b) 180 L (c) 1800 L (d) 40 runs 2 (a) 48 (b) 15 (c) 20.8 (d) 11.25 (e) X = 50, Y = 80 3 (a) 6:4:1:11 (b) $27.50 (c) $22 000
(d) $30 000, $55 000 4 (a) 720 (b) 30 5 (c) 25 150 = 3750
Branded

Unbranded

Total

146

150

100

6 (a) 225 (b) 196 (c) 333 7 (a) copper 2333 kg, tin 667 kg 8 1.8 0.6 metres 9 yes 10 (a) yes (b) no (c) 3 11 16 hours
12 6 days

Who am I?
David Hilbert

Exercise 9.04
1 (a) $600, $450, $150 (b) 4.8, 3.2, 1.6 m3 (c) $4000, $8000, $16 000 (d) 30 min 45 min 2 (a) 10 cm, 5 cm (b) 20 kg, 15kg, 5 kg (c) 400, 400, 160, 40
(d) 240 mm, 480 mm, 600 mm 3 (a) $50, $37.50, $12.50 (b) 120 (c) 20 m2 , 7 m2 4 20, 16, 12 5 5 free throws 6 96, 16, 32 7 $3.8 million,
$4.8 million, $1.9 million 8 (a) 155 weeks (b) $154.84, $206.45, $38.71 9 (a) $28 (b) $5.60, $8.40, $14 10 (a) 9.3 cm, 5.7 cm (b) 7.86 cm, 12.72 cm

Answers

447

Exercise 9.05
1 (a) $102 (b) 45 min (c) 625 kg (d) 200 km (e) 48 ha 2 (a) 52.5 kg (b) 320 m (c) 24 L (d) 280 t (e) 192 Mb 3 (a) 24 g (b) 3:4 4 (a) 8% (b) 10%
(c) 90% 5 25:24 6 77, 84, 98 7 2:19 8 (a) 7:4 (b) $2.10 (c) $6.40 9 (a) 4:5 (b) $132 (c) $150 10 (a) 121 (b) 60:11 11 (a) (i) 4:3 (ii) 45 turns
(b) (i) 5:3 (ii) 36 turns (c) (i) 4:5 (ii) 75 turns (d) (i) 1:4 (ii) 240 turns

Exercise 9.06
1 (a) 40 km/h (b) 4 km/h (c) 16 cm/min (d) 1.25 mm/h (e) 22 500 km/h (f) 333 333 km/s (g) 500 000 bits/sec (h) 4.7 million bits/sec
2 (a) 14 mm/h (b) 20 cm/h (c) 5000 tonnes/day (d) 12 tonnes/truckload (e) 800 spaces/level (f) 400 words/page (g) 72 beats/min (h) 12 papers/h
(i) 30 000 litres/h (j) $13.50/h 3 (a) 144 km/h (b) 400 km/h (c) 0.78 metres/year (d) 16.8 km/h (e) 22.2 cm/min (f) 25 km/s (g) 10 m/h
1
4 (a) 20 questions/hr (b) 1 hrs (c) 30 questions 5 (a) 400 g/m (b) 45 c/kg (c) 15/h (d) 12 litres/100 km 6 (a) 1.5 runs/ball 7 (a) 8 min (b) 9000 m
4
(c) 40 sec (d) Spitfire 8 about 300 years 9 (a) 1.54 m to 1.96 m (b) 61 kg to 77 kg 10 (a) A$1.67 per US$1 (b) $25 11 (a) 8 km/h (b) 2 km/h
(c) 3.2 km/h (d) Because he spends a lot more time paddling at the slower rate.

Exercise 9.07
1 (a) 2.5 cm (b) 9 mm (c) 12.5 cm (d) 20 cm (e) 13 mm (f) 42.5 cm (g) 40 cm (h) 16.7 cm (i) 1.4 m (j) 4 cm 2 (a) 4950 mm (b) 1935 mm
(c) 630 450 mm (d) 900 mm (e) 3915 mm (f) 1890 mm (g) 1350 675 mm (h) 19.38 m2 3 9.69 m2 each 4 $930 5 (a) 1920 4800 mm
(b) No. It would only leave 600 mm clearance on the sides for the cue. (c) $317 (d) single 6 (a) 7m 9.6 m (b) 6 m (c) $6336 (d) 107 520 litres
(e) 19.6 23.6 m (f) 2 m (g) 88 tonnes (h) 10.4 laps 7 (a) 37 mm (b) 32 km (c) Yes 8 (a) 2.9 km (b) 1.3 km (c) 2.9 km (d) 1 km (e) 70 min
(f) 10 km2 9 (a) 3:2 (b) 2 m (c) 7 cm2, 3.14 cm2, 2.23:1 (d) no 11 200 paces, 270 paces, 110 paces

Exercise 9.08
2
1 No. You would still only have 99% expectancy. 2 25% 3 3 4 3390 5 A 6 3:2 7 2.4 m 8 0.5 litres of water must remain, i.e. 2 litres of mix. Drain
3 litres. 9 (a) $3 (b) 72 kg (c) 240 mm (d) 5:1 10 11% GST 10% discount 11 21% 12 x = 100 13 20 ways 14 9 days 15 4 cars, 8 trikes, 6 bikes
16 Betty again by 1 m 17 20 places 30 places. 8th 12th. 5 + 12 = 17th 18 2:24

Diagnostic Test
1 (a) 25:16 (b) 5:7 (c) 1:50 2 (a) 5:3 (b) 8:7 (c) 12:11 3 (a) 10:7 (b) 8:13 (c) 3:5 4 (a) 15:16 (b) 5:7 (c) 1:1 000 000 5 (a) 12.5 litres (b) x = 4.5
(c) 35 6 (a) 4 days (b) 15 (c) 36 7 (a) $15, $25 (b) 120 cm, 80 cm (c) 10, 20, 30 min 8 (a) 13.5 cm, 18 cm, 22.5 cm (b) 1:2 or 2:1 (c) 24 cm, 4 cm
9 (a) $90 (b) $40 (c) 25 laps 10 (a) 5:3 (b) 5:2 (c) 40% 11 (a) 48 km/h (b) 16 min (c) yes 12 (a) 2.24 litres (b) 37 (c) $1613 13 (a) 1.5 mm (b) 3 km
(c) 1:400 000 14 (a) 960 mm (b) 120 mm (c) 1:40

Chapter 10: Quadrilaterals

Getting Started
1 A 2 C 3 D 4 A 5 A 6 B 7 C 8 D 9 A 10 B

Exercise 10.01
1 (a) convex quadrilateral (b) no (c) non-convex quadrilateral (d) convex quadrilateral (e) no (f) convex quadrilateral 2 (a) ABCD (b) PWST
(c) ABED, ABCD, EBCD (d) ACDE, BCDE (e) ABCE, ACDE (f) ABHG, ABEF, ACDG, BCDH. BCDE, EFGH
3 (a) A

(b)

(c)

B
D

P
R

448

Answers

L
S

(d)

(e)

N
M

W
Y

Z
P

(a) 2 diagonals (b) no (c) 4 (d) 360 (e) 360 (f) true
5 In the triangle ABC ABC + BCA + CAB = 180. In the triangle ADC ADC + DCA + CAD = 180. Therefore the angle sum of
quadrilateral ABCD = 360 6 (a) x = 130 (b) x = 30 (c) x = 25 (d) x = 105 (e) x = 70 (f) x = 60
7

(a) and (d)

(b) 110 + 70 = 180; 100 + 60 = 180 (c) true

(e) 100. Equal to opposite angle.
(f) true

100
110
70
80
100

8 (a) Yes all vertices lie on a circle. (b) no (c) Yes - opposite angles are supplementary. (d) no (e) Yes opposite angles are supplementary.
(f) Yes exterior angle = interior opposite angle. 9 (a) 290 3x (b) 310 5x 10 no - true
11 (a)

(b)
3 cm

2.5 cm

5 cm

75

60

40

4.5 cm

(c)
2 cm

4 cm
2 cm

(d)

110
70

70

5.5 cm

6 cm

12

13 True
F

H
13.3"

12.9"

A
E

80 4 cm
4 cm

S
W

6 cm

19.2"

6.7"
B

Exercise 10.02
1 (a) yes (b) no (c) yes - isosceles (d) yes - isosceles (e) no (f) yes 2 4 ACEF, BDEF, ADEF, BCEF 3 no 4 (a) x = 105, y = 50 (b) x = 120, y = 100
(c) x = 55, (d) x = 135 (e) x = y = 55, z = 125 (f) x = 75, y = 105, z = 105 5 (a) 290 3x (b) 310 5x 6 (a) (i) yes (ii) No has 5 sides.
(b) (i) Yes adjacent angles supplementary. (ii) no (c) (i) Yes alternate angles, making sides parallel. (ii) no 7 (a) FGDE, FHDE, FCDE, ABCG,
ABCD, ABHF, ABDE (b) 10 QRTS, QWTS, PQTS, PQUS, PRTS, PRVS, QRVT, QRVS, QRVU, UVRW 8 (a) no (b) yes 1 false 2 true
9 1 = true, 2 = false

Answers

449

Exercise 10.03
1 (a) true (b) true (c) false (d) false (e) true (f) true (g) true (h) false (i) true (j) true 2 (a) true (b) true (c) true (d) false (e) false (f) false (g) true
3 (a) x = 65 (Opposite angles of a parallelogram are equal) y = 115 (Adjacent angles of a parallelogram are supplementary) z = 115 (Opposite
angles of a parallelogram are equal) (b) x = 55 (Adjacent angles of a parallelogram are supplementary) y = 55 (Opposite angles of a parallelogram
are equal) z = 125 (Opposite angles of a parallelogram are equal) (c) x = 68 (Angle sum of a triangle is 180) y = 68 (Equal alternate angles on
parallel lines) z = 40 (Equal alternate angles on parallel lines) w = 72 (Opposite angles of a parallelogram are equal) (d) x = 95 (Angle sum of a
triangle is 180) y = 35 (Other angles 125 straight angle and 20 alternate; Angle sum of a triangle is 180) z = 125 (Straight angle contains 180)
(e) x = 65 (Straight angle contains 180) y = 65 (Opposite angles of a parallelogram are equal) a = 115 (Equal alternate angles on parallel lines) b =
115 (Opposite angles of a parallelogram are equal) (f) x = 72 (Straight angle contains 180) y = 35 (Equal alternate angles on parallel lines) w = 72
(Opposite angles of a parallelogram are equal) z = 73 (Angle sum of a triangle is 180) (g) s = 70 (Supplementary co-interior angles on parallel
lines) w = 110 (Opposite angles of a parallelogram are equal) t = 110 (Equal corresponding angles on parallel lines) y = 70 (Supplementary
co-interior angles on parallel lines) (h) x = 68 (Supplementary co-interior angles on parallel lines) y = 68 (Opposite angles of a parallelogram are
equal) z = 68 (Vertically opposite angles are equal) w = 112 (Supplementary co-interior angles on parallel lines).
4 (a) no
(b) no; true

5 yes; true 6 (a) true (b) true (c) true (d) true (e) true 7 (a) yes (b) yes (c) true 8 (a) no (b) no (c) yes (d) no (e) yes (f) yes
9 (a) x + y + x + y = 2x + 2y = 2(x + y) (b) 2(x + y) = 360 so (x + y) = 180 (c) A + C = x + y; C + D = x + y etc. (d) Pairs of co-interior angles are
supplementary, making parallel lines. (e) true 10 (a) yes (c) Yes opposite angles are equal. (d) Both pairs of opposite sides must be parallel.
(e) true 11 false 12 (a) yes (b) yes (c) yes (d) yes (e) no (f) no (g) yes (h) no (i) yes 13 (a) yes (b) yes (c) yes (d) parallelogram (e) true (f) A

Who am I?
A rational number

Investigation
yes

Extension
A triangle may contain only one obtuse angle. If one obtuse angle is known, then all other angles must be acute. If one acute angle is known, there
is an ambiguity; other angles may be obtuse or acute.

Exercise 10.04
1 (c) (1) always true (2) sometimes true (3) sometimes true 2 (c) (1) always true (2) sometimes true (3) sometimes true (4) always true 3 (a) no
(b) yes (c) (1) false (2) false (d) true 4 (a) true; true (b) true; true (c) true; true (d) true; true (e) false; false 7 All 4 sides are equal in length.
8 (a) true (b) true 9 true 10 true 11 (a) All sides equal. (b) yes (c) rhombus (d) rhombus

Exercise 10.05
4 (b) ABD + BDA+ DAB = 180. DAB = 90. ABD + BDA = 90. But since ABCD is a square, AD = AB. ABD is an isosceles
triangle, and hence ABD = BDA. Since they are equal and add to 90, they are 45 each. (c) true 5 (a) true (b) true 6 (a) 4 (b) true 7 (a) true
y
cm 11 Opposite sides
(b) true 8 (a) once (b) true 9 true 10 (a) 2 2 cm (b) 10 2 cm (c) x 2 cm (d) 2 cm (e) 1 cm (f) 2 cm (g) 1 cm (h)
2
2
are equal and parallel. Opposite angles are equal. Adjacent angles are supplementary. Diagonals bisect each other. Rotational symmetry of order 2.
12 All angles are right angles. Diagonals are equal. Has rotational symmetry of order 4. 13 (a) false (b) true (c) true (d) false (e) false (f) true
(g) true (h) false (i) false (j) false (k) true (l) true (m) false (n) false

Exercise 10.06
3 yes 4 parallelogram 6 no 7 parallelogram 8 rhombus; no 9 Check opposite angles are equal.

Who am I?
Hypatia of Alexandria

450

Answers

Exercise 10.07
1 46, 134, 134 2 rectangle 3 rectangle 4 z = 120, x = 60 20 = 40, y = 80; alternate 5 55 cm 2 6 parallelogram, kite 7 (a) 1 7 = 7
8 8
(b) 1 3 = 3 (c) 1 2 = 1 (d) 1 6 = 3 8 1 9 200 km 10 24 cm 11 rectangle 12 (2 x + 3)( x 5 ) = 2 x 2 7 x 15
6
5 5
2 3 3
2 7 7
13 (2 x + 3)(2 x 3 ) = 4 x 2 9 14 40 15 37.5% 16 20 17 Paul gets $7, Ena gets $1

Diagnostic Test
1 (a) neither (b) non-convex (c) convex 2 (a) a = 100 (b) b = 115 (c) c = 120
3 (a) D

(b) A (c) none

A

4 (a) neither (b) trapezium (c) neither 5 (a) x = 112, y = 68, z = 112 (b) x = 102, y = 62 (c) x = 108, y = 72, z = 100 6 (a) false (b) false (c) true
7 (a) x = 55, y = 125, z = 55 (b) x = 102, y = 78, z = 102 (c) x = 50 8 (a) yes (b) yes (c) yes 9 (a) yes (b) no (c) yes 10 (a) false (b) true (c) true
11 (a)

(b)

(c)

12 (a) {parallelogram, rectangle, rhombus} (b) {rhombus, kite} (c) {rectangle} 13 (a) false (b) true (c) false

Chapter 11: Revision Papers

Revision Paper 4
1 B 2 D 3 B 4 C 5 C 6 A 7 A 8 B 9 D 10 A 11 B 12 C 13 C 14 D 15 B 16 C 17 C 18 B 19 D 20 C 21 B 22 B 23 C 24 B 25 B 26 1092
27 33 28 pentagon 29 720 30 triangular pyramid 31 32 31700 33 128 alternate angles 34 12, 24, 36 35 1001 36 (a) 64 cm (b) 273 cm2
1
31
37 48
38 $90 39 37 2 % 40 cylinder 41 12 vertices 42 octagonal prism, 10 faces 43 18 edges 44 scalene 45 y = 3x 3 46 3 cents 47 $199 suite

48 134 49 8 three-point shots 50 156 packs

Revision Paper 5
1 C 2 C 3 A 4 D 5 A 6 B 7 D 8 C 9 C 10 A 11 A 12 B 13 A 14 A 15 A 16 B 17 B 18 A 19 A 20 D 21 C 22 C 23 D 24 D 25 C 26 852 27 62
28 2, 4, 8 29 98 30 160.2 cm2 31 60 32 rectangular prism 33 10 faces 34 triangular prism, 9 edges 35 5 36 rectangle 37 regular hexagon 38 1
39 isosceles 40 44 cm 41 y = 2x + 1 42 1, 0, 3, 8 43 0.72 44 $79.20 45 45 46 80 47 4038 48 16 cans 49 1 km 50 80 homes

Revision Paper 6
1 D 2 A 3 D 4 B 5 B 6 C 7 A 8 B 9 C 10 A 11 D 12 A 13 B 14 B 15 A 16 A 17 C 18 A 19 C 20 D 21 D 22 C 23 C 24 A 25 C 26 1918 27 7490
28 a, e, i 29 no 30 30 31 135 32 0.006 33 359.784 34 m = 3w 2 35 148 matchsticks 36 p = 4s 4 37 50 38 rectangle and rhombus 39 kite
40 7.6m 41 70 42 1 43 28 44 4 1 45 26.5% 46 $1350 47 33 tonnes 48 20 edges 49 rectangular pyramid 50 192 rails
12

Answers

451

Chapter 12: Equations and Formulas

Getting Started
1 A 2 B 3 C 4 A 5 B 6 D 7 A 8 B 9 C 10 C

Exercise 12.01
1 (a) x = 4 (b) x = 6 (c) y = 9 (d) x = 3 (e) y = 4 (f) x = 5 (g) x = 7 (h) y = 1 (i) x = 3 (j) y = 6 (k) t = 1 (l) z = 99 (m) p = 1000 (n) b = 3.5
(o) k = 6.7 2 (a) x = 4 (b) x = 8 (c) y = 9 (d) x = 6 (e) y = 9 (f) x = 1 (g) x = 3 (h) y = 7 (i) x = 6 (j) y = 5 (k) n = 95 (l) m = 107 (m) s = 888
(n) v = 1004 (o) g = 15 3 (a) x = 3 (b) x = 4 (c) y = 2 (d) x = 2 (e) y = 2 (f) c = 3 (g) d = 4 (h) z = 4 (i) t = 1 (j) k = 2 4 (a) x = 5 (b) x = 2
(c) y = 3 (d) x = 7 (e) y = 4 (f) a = 6 (g) b = 7 (h) m = 3 (i) n = 0 (j) p = 11 (k) a = 10 (l) c = 8 (m) y = 9 (n) x = 0 (o) p = 0.01 5 (a) x = 30
(b) x = 24 (c) y = 24 (d) x = 35 (e) y = 12 (f) g = 12 (g) t = 63 (h) p = 24 (i) x = 0 (j) q = 900 (k) d = 160 (l) k = 48 (m) f = 90 (n) y = 0
(o) a = 119 6 (a) x + 4 = 10, x = 6 (b) x + 5 = 17, x = 12 (c) x + 8 = 28, x = 20 (d) x + 4 = 32, x = 28 (e) x + 12 = 21, x = 9 (f) x + 12 = 28, x = 16
(g) x + 11 = 19, x = 8 7 (a) x = 13 (b) y = 25 (c) z = 37 (d) x = 36 (e) y = 18 (f) x = 37 (g) x = 78 (h) y = 79 (i) x = 77 (j) y = 148 8 (a) x = 2
(b) y = 4 (c) z = 14 (d) x = 30 (e) y = 1 (f) x = 2 (g) x = 5 (h) y = 2 (i) x = 5 (j) y = 32 9 (a) x = 8 (b) y = 7 (c) z = 2 (d) x = 3 (e) y = 7
(f) x = 4 (g) x = 10 (h) y = 8 (i) x = 20 (j) y = 25 10 (a) x = 12 (b) y = 12 (c) z = 12 (d) x = 40 (e) y = 56 (f) x = 15 (g) x = 36
(h) y = 48 (i) x = 100 (j) y = 32

Exercise 12.02
1 (a) x = 7 (b) x = 8 (c) y = 3 (d) x = 1 (e) y = 11 (f) x = 2 (g) x = 4 (h) y = 7 (i) x = 5 (j) y = 9 (k) t = 7 (l) x = 33 (m) p = 250 (n) b = 1.1
(o) k = 6 2 (a) x = 2 (b) x = 3 (c) y = 2 (d) x = 1 (e) y = 3 (f) x = 2 (g) x = 5 (h) y = 3 (i) x = 3 (j) y = 6 (k) t = 6 (l) z = 3
(m) p = 0 (n) b = 4 (o) k = 4 3 (a) x = 4 (b) y = 6 (c) y = 8 (d) x = 5 (e) y = 2 (f) x = 5 (g) x = 6 (h) y = 3 (i) x = 9 (j) y = 9
(k) t = 1 (l) z = 2 (m) p = 4 (n) b = 5 (o) k = 2 4 (a) x = 1 (b) y = 2 (c) y = 3 (d) x = 3 (e) y = 8 (f) x = 2 (g) x = 5 (h) y = 3 (i) x = 3
(j) y = 3 (k) t = 1 (l) z = 2 (m) p = 5 (n) b = 2 (o) k = 4 5 (a) x = 3 (b) y = 5 (c) z = 3 (d) t = 7 (e) a = 3 (f) b = 5 (g) c = 3.75 (h) d = 6
(i) x = 1 (j) k = 3 (k) t = 2 (l) g = 2 (m) x = 2 (n) n = 4 (o) k = 4 6 (a) x = 6 (b) y = 12 (c) z = 12 (d) t = 10 (e) a = 100 (f) b = 20
(g) c = 80 (h) d = 96 (i) x = 4 (j) k = 27 (k) t = 32 (l) g = 10 (m) x = 100 (n) n = 8 (o) k = 36 7 (a) x = 8 (b) y = 12 (c) z = 12 (d) t = 20
(e) a = 15 (f) b = 16 (g) c = 40 (h) d = 8 (i) x = 6 (j) k = 6 (k) t = 8 (l) g = 10 (m) x = 10 (n) n = 4 (o) k = 9 8 (a) x = 7 (b) x = 3 (c) x = 4
(d) x = 2 (e) x = 3 (f) x = 2 (g) x = 3 (h) y = 3 (i) x = 2 (j) x = 3 (k) x = 3 (l) x = 2 (m) h = 6 (n) b = 12 (o) k = 12 (p) g = 10
(q) f = 12 (r) t = 20

Exercise 12.03
1 (a) 2 x + 3 = x + 8, x = 5 (b) 3 x + 5 = 2 x + 15, x = 10 (c) 3 x + 8 = 2 x + 24, x = 16 (d) 3 x + 4 = x + 24, x = 10 (e) 3 x + 6 = x + 16, x = 5
(f) 4 x + 12 = 2 x + 26, x = 7 (g) 4 x + 9 = x + 21, x = 4 (h) x + 15 = 3 x + 9, x = 3 2 (a) x = 2 (b) x = 3 (c) x = 6 (d) y = 7 (e) z = 10 (f) a = 1
(g) b = 3 (h) g = 2 (i) t = 2 (j) x = 4 (k) y = 4 (l) k = 3 (m) h = 7 (n) b = 2 (o) k = 3 (p) g = 3 (q) x = 1 (r) y = 3 3 (a) x = 2 (b) x = 3
(c) x = 5 (d) y = 9 (e) z = 2 (f) a = 1 (g) b = 7 (h) g = 2 (i) t = 5 (j) x = 4 (k) y = 6 (l) k = 2 (m) h = 6 (n) b = 2 (o) k = 3 4 (a) x = 2
(b) x = 2 (c) x = 2 (d) y = 2 (e) z = 0 (f) a = 1 (g) b = 1 (h) g = 2 (i) t = 2 (j) x = 4 (k) y = 2 (l) k = 1 (m) h = 1 (n) b = 5 (o) k = 0
5 (a) x = 3 (b) x = 1 (c) x = 3 (d) y = 2 (e) z = 2 (f) a = 4 (g) b = 3 (h) g = 4 (i) t = 5 (j) x = 5 (k) y = 4 (l) k = 1 (m) h = 5 (n) b = 10
2

(o) k = 7 6 (a) y = 6 (b) z = 9 (c) t = 8 (d) a = 6 (e) b = 10 (f) x = 15 (g) y = 15 (h) z = 20 (i) x = 10 (j) x = 12
6

Who am I? (#1)
Gaston Julia

452

Answers

Exercise 12.04
1 (a) x = 2 (b) y = 1 (c) z = 2 (d) x = 2 (e) y = 0 (f) z = 6 (g) y = 6 (h) z = 8 (i) x = 25 (j) y = 10 (k) z = 3 (l) y = 1 (m) z = 0 (n) t = 3
(o) d = 1 2 (a) x = 1 (b) y = 2 (c) z = 3 (d) x = 3 (e) y = 5 (f) z = 6 (g) y = 5 (h) z = 1 (i) x = 2 (j) y = 3 (k) z = 2 (l) y = 4 (m) z = 0 (n) t = 1
(o) d = 1 3 (a) x = 1 (b) y = 3 (c) z = 3 (d) x = 3 (e) y = 1 (f) z = 3 (g) y = 2 (h) z = 2 (i) x = 6 (j) y = 4 (k) z = 2 (l) y = 0 (m) z = 3
3
2
5
5
2
4
3
3
5
3
3
4
(n) t = 2 (o) d = 3 4 (a) x = 2 (b) y = 1 (c) z = 6 (d) x = 20 (e) y = 1 (f) z = 4 (g) y = 1 (h) z = 3 (i) x = 3 (j) y = 1 (k) z = 4 (l) y = 7
3
5
(m) z = 5 (n) t = 2 (o) d = 1 5 (a) x = 2 (b) y = 1 (c) z = 3 (d) x = 5 (e) y = 2 (f) z = 2 (g) y = 2 (h) z = 6 (i) x = 14 (j) y = 2 (k) z = 3
2
(l) y = 1 (m) z = 4 (n) t = 7
2

Exercise 12.05
1 (a) x = 12 (b) y = 12 (c) x = 6 (d) z = 24 (e) a = 10 (f) b = 24
4 (g) c = 30 (h) d = 12 (i) p = 60 (j) y = 6 (k) x = 24 (l) z = 15 2 (a) y = 7
(b) z = 1 (c) a = 12 (d) b = 7 (e) y = 3 (f) z = 6 (g) a = 5 (h) b = 10 (i) y = 9 (j) z = 12 (k) a = 1 (l) b = 2 3 (a) y = 6 (b) z = 40 (c) t = 15
(d) g = 20 (e) y = 12 (f) y = 40 (g) x = 8 (h) k = 15 4 (a) x = 4 (b) y = 3 (c) k = 7 (d) t = 11 (e) t = 6 (f) h = 2 (g) x = 2 (h) x = 8 (i) t = 8
(j) x = 5 (k) x = 4 (l) x = 3 5 (a) x = 7 (b) y = 3 (c) z = 8 (d) t = 2 (e) t = 5 (f) h = 3 (g) x = 3 (h) x = 3 (i) t = 15 6 (a) x = 11
5
(b) y = 5 (c) z = 17 (d) t = 39 (e) t = 54 (f) h = 32 (g) x = 39 (h) x = 15 (i) t = 57
7
5
22
17
13
2
2
9

Exercise 12.06
1 (a) y = 16 (b) x = 8 (c) a = 16 (d) x = 125 (e) x = 27 (f) y = 322 (g) z = 8 (h) x = 4 (i) z = 1 (j) y = 81 (k) t = 8 (l) k = 0.0081
27
2 (a) y = 1 (b) x = 3 (c) z = 1 (d) a = 9 (e) x = 4 (f) y = 16 (g) x = 1 (h) y = 4
4
2
2
9
36
5

Who am I (#2)?
Benoit Mandelbrot

Exercise 12.07
1 (a) 6 (b) 49 and 51 (c) 10 (d) 15 (e) 7 hours (f) 12 000 2 (a) 98% (b) 6 cm (c) 7 packs (d) 5 teams (e) 14 cartons (f) 30 weeks 3 (a) 4 (b) $15
(c) 8 tickets (d) 12 girls (e) 4 times 4 (a) 6 (b) 8 stools, 32 chairs (c) 41 cars and 9 motorbikes (d) 26 (e) eight $10, twenty-four $5 and twenty-three $20
5 (a) 60 (b) 10 cards (c) 15 years (d) 28 times 6 (a) x = 7 (b) x = 8 (c) y = 20 (d) z = 18 (e) x = 7 (f) x = 8 (g) x = 17 (d) x = 30

Exercise 12.08
1 (a) A = 18 (b) B = 20 (c) C = 32 (d) D = 27 (e) E = 15 (f) F = 7 (g) G = 3 (h) H = 2 (i) J = 12 2 (a) k = 12 (b) m = 35 (c) n = 16
(d) p = 26 (e) q = 60 (f) s = 3 (g) t = 32 (h) v = 6 (i) w = 12 3 (a) v = 9 (b) w = 1 (c) x = 23 (d) d = 200 (e) f = 100 (f) g = 40
(g) h = 20 (h) j = 150 (i) k = 200 4 (a) A = 21 (b) V = 210 (c) A = 10 (d) 270 (e) A = 18 (f) M = 5 (g) F = 95 (h) C = 30 (i) d = 900
(j) y = 13 (k) v = 58 (l) e = 125 5 (a) L = 16 (b) M = 18 (c) N = 34 (d) S = 16 (e) T = 9 (f) V = 7 (g) W = 5 (h) X = 2 (i) Y = 3
6 (a) A = 77.5 (b) V = 620 (c) V = 930 (d) V = 111.6 (e) E = 100 (f) s = 33 (g) g = 1 (h) R = 1 (i) R = 18 1 (j) Q = 1 7 (a) L = 4 (b) B = 10
5
2
20
(c) b = 10 (d) L = 1 (e) h = 6 (f) m = 23 (g) C = 45 (h) F = 23 (i) d = 660 (j) x = 8 (k) t = 2 (l) R = 24 8 (a) L = A (b) B = V (c) b = 2 A
3
B
LH
h
y b
9 (a) r = 3 (b) h = 2 (c) r = 6 (d) r = 2
(d) H = 3V (e) b = 2 A a (f) n = 2 M m (g) C = 5 ( F 32) (h) F = 9 C + 32 (i) s = d (j) m =
x
LB
h
9
5
t
(e) m = 8 (f) R = 9 (g) d = 3 (h) c = 1
20
2

Answers

453

Exercise 12.09

2 (a) x 4

(b) x 8

0 12 3 4 5

(c) y < 9

(d) x > 6

5 6 7 8 9 10

(e) y 9

8 9 10 11 12 13

0 1 2 3 4 5 6
6 7 8 9 10 11 12

1 0 1 2 3 4

(h) y > 7

(i) x < 6

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

(j) y < 5

(k) n > 95

94 95 96 97 98

(l) m < 107

(n) v 1004

885 886 887 888 889

(o) g 15

5 6 7 8 9 10 11

(f) x 1

(g) x 3

(m) s 888

7 8 9 10 11 12 13

2 3 4 5 6
103 104 105 106 107 108
1003 1004 1005 1006

11 12 13 14 15 16

3 (a) x < 5

1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

(b) x 2

(c) y 3

2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5

(d) x 7

(e) y > 4

5 4 3 2 1 0 1

(f) a 6

(g) b < 7

123456789

(i) n > 0

1 0 1 2 3 8 9 10

(k) a 10

9 10 11 12 13 14 15

(m) y 9

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

(o) p .01

1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
11 10 9 8 7 6
5 6 7 8 9 10 11

(h) m 3

4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 8 9

(j) p 11

15 14 13 12 11 10

(l) c > 8

9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2

(n) x > 0

-1 0 1 2 3 4 5

0.03 0.02 0.01 0 0.01 0.02

4 (a) y 24 (b) t > 20 (c) y < 18 (d) x 30 (e) z 4 (f) g > 12 (g) k 28 (h) d > 18 (i) k 0 (j) p 700 (k) d 40 (l) k < 18
(m) f 60 (n) y < 0 (o) a 129 5 (a) x 2 (b) y > 2 (c) y < 2 (d) t 1 (e) a 3 (f) x 2 (g) x < 5 (h) b > 3 (i) g 3
(j) j > 3 (k) t < 7 (l) a > 3 (m) p 0 (n) v < 11 (o) k 6 6 (a) x 1 (b) x < 1 (c) x 1 (d) y > 9 (e) a > 2 (f) x 2 (g) y < 1 (h) t 1
3

(i) a < 1 (j) b 1 (k) c 4 (l) d < 1 (m) x 3 (n) n > 3 (o) t < 1 (p) z < 7

Who am I? (#3)
Mitchell Feigenbaum

Exercise 12.10
1 x = 9 2 3 3 48 Gig 4 (a) 20 both (b) 15 steering only 5 25 m per sec 6 7 stations 7 0.65 8 (a) 980 (b) 1 002 001 (c) 984 (d) 567 9 Between 5 p 5a
8

and 5 p + 5a 10 5 11 x = 60 12 20 yrs 13 (a) 2 (b) 4 14 E = F + V 2, 12 faces 15 400 16 2.16 sq metres 17 95%

9

454

Answers

15

Diagnostic Test
1 (a) x = 9 (b) y = 7 (c) z = 14 2 (a) x = 7 (b) y = 4 (c) z = 20 3 (a) x = 3 (b) t = 7 (c) k = 3 4 (a) x = 12 (b) t = 6 (c) z = 5 5 (a) y = 5
(b) k = 2 (c) f = 1 6 (a) y = 10 (b) a = 20 (c) x = 9 7 (a) x = 1 (b) y = 2 (c) x = 3 8 (a) x = 5 (b) x = 4 (c) x = 12 9 (a) y = 40 (b) a = 2
(c) x = 60 10 (a) x = 4 (b) x = 5 (c) t = 1 11 (a) 4 (b) 15 cm (c) 5 spiders 12 (a) V = 432 (b) A = 27.9 (c) A = 35 13 (a) t = 1 (b) r = 0.7
2

y b
2( s ut )
(b) r = C (c) a =
m
2
t2

(c) b = 6 14 (a) x =

15 (a) x 5

(b) y > 6

-1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

(c) a 3

-8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Chapter 13: Data Representation and Analysis

Getting Started
1 B 2 C 3 B 4 B 5 D 6 C 7 D 8 C 9 D 10 (a) 15 (b) 60 (c) 25%

Exercise 13.01
Group discussion

Exercise 13.02
1 (a) categorical (b) continuous (c) continuous (d) categorical (e) continuous (f) continuous (g) categorical (h) categorical (i) continuous
2 The second graph is a histogram. Reason for this The first graph has gaps between the columns 3 (a) 1, 2, 5, 6, 8, 4, 3 (b) 29 students (c) 5
(d) 3 (e) 7 (f) 7 4 (a) 1, 3, 5, 7, 3, 6, 4, 2, 1 (b) 32 (c) 143 cm (d) 4 (e) 3 (f) 4
5 (a) 10, 4

score

tally

4
5
6
7
8
9
10

I
II
IIII
IIII I
IIII
I
I

1
2
4
6
4
1
1

(c) 19 (d) 7 (e) 2 (f) 6

6 (a) 4 (b) Weds. (c) Fri. (d) Weds. (e) 17

7 (a)

(b)

4
3
f2
1
1

8 (a)

2 3

4 5

5
4
3
f 2
1

10 11 12 13 14
x
(b)

6
5

5
4
f 3
2
1

4
f
3
2
1
1

2 3
x

4 5

20 22 24 26 28
x

Answers

455

9 (a) 53, 47 (b)

(c) 7 (d) 8 (e) 50 (f) 22

6
5
4
f 3
2
1
47 48 49 50 51 52 53
x

10 (a)

1
2
3
4
5
6

4
5
6
5
3
1

(b) 3 (c) 4 (d) 9 (e) 4 (f) 73

11 (a) 37, 43 (b)

12 (a) 0, 5 (b)

13 (a)

14 (a)

tally

37
38
39
40
41
42
43

II
IIII
IIII
IIII III
IIII I
IIII
I

2
4
5
8
6
4
1
30

tally

0
1
2
3
4
5

III
IIII
IIII II
IIII IIII
IIII
I

3
5
7
10
4
1
30

c.i.

c.c.

tally

1-5
6 - 10
11 - 15
16 - 20
21 - 25
26 - 30

3
8
13
18
23
28

II
IIII
IIII III
IIII IIII II
IIII IIII
IIII

(c) 6 (d) 11 (e) 11 (f)

8
f 6
4
2
37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44
x

(c) 3 (d) 7 (e) 4 (f) 3

(b) 12

2
4
8
12
10
4
40

8
f 6
4
2

c.i.

c.c.

tally

0-4
5-9
10 - 14
15 - 19
20 - 24
25 - 29

2
7
12
17
22
27

IIII
IIII I
IIII IIII
IIII II
I
II

5
6
9
7
1
2
30

(c) 6 (d) 14 (e) 18 (f) 40 (g) Yes, especially 26 calls more than 18 min.

10

8 13 18 23 28
c.c

_
(b) mean = 10.9, median = 12 (c) 12 (d) 36.6% (e) 3

Exercise 13.03
1 (a) 5, 6.4, 6, 6 (b) 6, 15, 16, 15 (c) 8, 25.3, 25 and 26, 26 (d) 0.50, 2.50, 2.50, 2.50 (e) 0, 92, 92, 92 (f) 6, 38.9, 40, 39.5 (g) 8, 175.3, 176, 176
2 (a) 16.1 (b) 56.3 (c) 5.8 (d) 15.2 3 (a) James (b) Justin (c) History (d) English (e) 74, 76, 72, 78 (f) 70, 82, 72, 78 (g) mean/median
4 (a) 164 kg (b) 6 (c) 66 5 (a) 7.05, 7 (b) mode 6 17.5 7 18 8 (a) 72.5% (b) 80% 9 162 cm 10 (a) 8.5_ (b) 8.5 (c) eliminate favouritism/bias
11 (a) 40 (b) 240mm (c) 87% 12 (a) 60% (b) 3 (c) 12 13 (a) 92 (b) 2.4 14 (a) 30 (b) 10 (c) 10 (d) 13.2 (e) median (f) It is relatively a long way from
the mean 15 (a) 4, 5.2, 5, 5 (b) 5, 12.75, 13, 13 (c) 5, 22.1, 22, 22 16 2mn 17 (a) 70 (b) 104 18 (a) $722.13 (b) NSW/Vic.; the biggest state and
smaller states lower the average.

456

Answers

m+n

Exercise 13.04
1 (a)

tally

fx

0
1
2
3
4

IIII
IIII
IIII II
III
II

4
4
7
3
2
20

0
4
14
9
8
35

(b) (i) 4 (ii) 1.75 (iii) 2

(c)

(d) 2

7
6
5
4
f3
2
1

2 (a)

No. of goals
kicked
0
1
2
3
4
5
6

(b) 3 (c) 27 (d) 3 (e) 3.2

2
3
4
6
5
4
3

0 1 2 3 4

3 (a) 36.9

Max temp

fx

34
35
36
37
38
39

1
3
4
6
3
2

34
105
144
222
114
78

(b) 5 (c) 37, 36.7, 37 (d) mode (e) construction and roofing materials, shade availability, time of maximum temperature.
4 (a) 22 (b)

f = 19 fx = 697

tally

fx

1
2
3
4
5
6

IIII
IIII
IIII
IIII I
II
I

4
5
4
6
2
1

4
10
12
24
10
6

(c) 3 (d) 3 (e) 4

f = 22 fx = 66

5 (a) 4 (b) 2 (c) 2 (d) 20 (e) 2.6 (f) 51 6 (a) 4 (b) 4 (c) 1 (d) 1 (e) 1.5
7 (a)

(b) 6 (c) 16 (d) 15 (e) 15.1 8 Stem Leaf

4
5
6
7

12 13 14 15 16 17 18

0 6 7 7 8
0 1 1 3 3 4 5 5 7 7 8 9
0 1 2 3 5 5
2

9 (a) 1980s (b) 1940s (c) 1983 10 (a) 65 (b) 65 (c) 36 (d) 28 (e) 28.2 11 (a) 65 (b) 36 (c) 28 (d) 28.2 12 (a) A = 72, B = 72 (b) A = 72, B = 72
(c) A = 8, B = 2 (d) B more consistent 13 (a) T.S. = 7.2, A.E = 7.1 (b) T.S. mean 7.2, A.E. mean 7.1 14 (a) A = 37.8, B = 38.3 (b) A = 24,
B = 59 (c) 35.5mm, 29 mm (d) Town A has a more consistent rainfall. Town B has a greater range but lower median rainfall. 15 (a) 15, 18, 19, 20,
21, 22, 25, 26, 27, 28, 32, 34, 36, 36, 38, 39, 42, 43, 45, 48 (b) 30.7, 30 (c) boys 28.8, 27; girls 32.6, 35 (d) boys 24, girls 33 (e) girls stronger but
greater spread
16

Male
9
8 7 6 4 3 2
8 6 6 5 3 2
7 5

17 (a)

3
0
0
4
2

Female
5
6
7
8
9
10

Male
8
9 5 4 1
9 6 5 3 2 1
8 4 3 0

4
1
0
2
3
0

5
2 5 7 7
1 3 7
3 4 7 9
6
3

(a) male 39, female 49 (b) boys mean 71.5, median 71; girls mean 77.0, median 75
(c) males lower pulse rates

(b) male 30, female 34 (c) male mean 173.2, median 173; girls mean 168.3, median 169, the boys on
average taller and the girls have a greater spread

Female
15
16
17
18

1
0
0
2

6 7
5 5 8 9
2 3 3 8
5

Exercise 13.05

Height in cm

1 (a) no relationship (b) strong positive relationship (c) weak negative relationship (d) strong negative (e) weak positive
2 (a)
(b) As age increase, height increases at a uniform rate.
y
AGE V HEIGHT
(c) No. Heights of people level off around 18 years.
190
180
170
160
12 13 14 15 16 17 18
Age in years

Answers

457

3 (a) $2000 (b) approx. 5-7 years old (c) about $3500 (It was $3000 after 1 year) (d) approximately $1000 (e) age increases, value decreases
(f) One 8-year-old bike is valued at $2500. The reason for this is that it is rarely used.
4 (a)

(b) The higher the score by a player on Game 1, the higher the score is on Game 2.

GAME I V GAME 2

(c) approx. 95 (d) approx. 82

Game 2

100
90
80

English Marks

5 (a)

70

80

ENGLISH V SCIENCE

Present weight (kg)

110

(b) The higher a student scores in English, the lower will be the likely Science mark.
(c) (i) 60 (ii) 76 (d) Outliers (88, 90) and (65,62)

90
80
70

60

6 (a)

90
100
Game 1

y
110

70

80
90
100
Science Marks

(b) There is a constant difference between the variables, i.e. each person lost about 5 kg on the
average. (c) 5 kg (d) about 97 kg

ORIGINAL WEIGHT V
PRESENT WEIGHT

100
90
80

70

80
90
100 110
Original weight ( kg)

7 (a) strong positive (b) strong positive (c) strong negative (d) strong negative (e) weak positive (f) strong positive 9 Older child reads at a greater
rate. 10 other causes large population

Exercise 13.06
1 (a) young people out socially (b) generation difference in values 3 C 4 (a) F (b) T (c) T (d) T 5 (a) T (b) F (c) F (d) F 6 (a) F (b) T (c) F 7 (a) 27
(b) 72 (c) 75 8 (a) $120 000, $40 000, $40 000 (b) $862 000 (c) $50 706 (d) The mode is a truer representation as large outliers affect the mean.
(e) An outlier is a score which is much further away from the mean than most of the other scores. 10 29

Diagnostic Test
1 census whole population; sample selected subgroup 2 (a) all likely to complete lots of homework (b) Sporting commitments may interfere with
homework (c) tendency to be a similar range of homework 3 only people FOR/AGAINST ring; the undecided tend not to ring 4 (a) discrete
(b) continuous (c) continuous (d) discrete
5 (a) 10, 4 (b)

score (x) tally

4
5
6
7
8
9
10

I
III
IIII
IIII
III
II
I

f
1
3
4
5
3
2
1

(c) 19 (d) 7 (e) 4 (f) 6 (g)

5
4
f

3
2
1
3

458

Answers

9 10 11

6 (a) 152 kg (b) 14 (c) 90% (d) 36 kg

7

4
5
6
7
8
9

1
2
6
8
3
2

(a) 5 (b) 6.7 (c) 7 (d) 7

f = 22

8 50 9 (a) 23 min (b) 12 min (c) 12 min (d) 14 min (e) median (f) 30 is an outlier because it is much further from the mean than the other scores.
10 (a) temp (x)
22
23
24
25
26
27
28

fx

1
3
4
6
3
2
1

22
69
96
150
78
54
28

(b) 6 (c) 25, 24.9, 25 (d) mean/mode

f = 20 fx = 497

11 (a) 35 (b) 73 (c) 57 and 65 (d) 57 (e) 55.5 12 (a) 4 (b) 2 (c) 2.5 (d) 20 (e) 2.7 13 (a) 7 (b) 10 (c) $5 (d) boys $10 and girls $12.50 (e) $14.26
(f) B = $14.09, G = $14.42. They spent similar amounts
14 (a)

(b) strong positive relationship (c) They will all lose about 5 kg on the average (d) 89 kg (e) (96, 98)

present weight (kg)

110
100
90
80

70

80
90
100 110
original weight (kg)

Chapter 14: Linear Relationships

Getting Started
1 (a) C4, (b) B1, (c) C3, (d) E2, (e) C2, (f) D4 2 (a) B3 (b) C1 (c) B2 (d) D5 (e) F2 4 (a) floor 8, room 7 (b) floor 3, room 22 (c) floor 5, room 18
(d) floor 18, room 4 (e) floor 10, room 10 5 (a) 602 (b) 414 (c) west (d) 1207, 1211 (e) 307 (f) stairs (g) catch lift down to floor 2, turn right walk
to end and turn left
6
7
6

2n

20

2n 1

19

2n 1

19

5n

50

10n 2

98

2n + 1

21

4n 1

39

8 (a) (i) 7 (ii) 17 (iii) 5 (iv) 9 (b) (i) 1 (ii) 4 (iii) 5 (iv) 2 9 (a) (i) 1 (ii) 5 (iii) 4 (iv) 10 (b)(i) 1 (ii) 1 (iii)

1
(iv) 2
3

Answers

459

Exercise 14.01
1 (a) F1 (b) C5 (c) F3 (d) D4 (e) NW 2 NUMBER 3 (a) (1, 4) (b) (4, 5) (c) (5, 3) (d) (4, 0) (e) (0, 2) (f) (2, 1)
4 y

F
C

E
O

D x

5 (a) (1, 4) (b) (2, 2) (c) (4, 0) (d) (0, 3) (e) (1, 2) (f) (2, 4) (g) (5, 3) (h) (4, 0) (i) (5, 2) (j) (2, 3) (k) (1, 1) (l) (0, 2) (m) (1, 4)
(n) (2, 2) (0) (0, 0) (p) (3, 3) (q) (4, 4)
6

y
5

F 4 E

1
L
-2 -1

I
-5 -4 -3

D
3

O
1

-1

5 x

-2

-3

-4

M
N

-5

7 A is in the 1st quadrant, F is in the 2nd quadrant, G is in the 2nd quadrant, H is in the 2nd quadrant, N is in the 4th quadrant
8 (a) y

8 cm2

(b) y

3
2

3
A

D
1

9 (a)

6 x

14 cm2

X
2

(b)

Answers

12 cm2

x
Z

4
y

460

6 cm2

6 cm2

(c) y
5

(d)

A
2

1
1

8 cm2

10 (a) square (b) parallelogram (c) kite (d) rhombus 11 (a) 7 (b) 4 (c) 3 (d) 3 (e) 9 (f) 6 12 (a) yes, because the axes are perpendicular (b) 12, 5
(c) 13 13 (a) 5 (b) 5 (c) 89 (d) 10 (e) 113 (f) 117 14 (a) 5 (b) 10 (c) 5 (d) 5 (e) 10 (f) 5 (g) 20 (h) 5 (i) 34 (j) 50 (k) 41 (l) 34

Exercise 14.02
1 (a)

(b)

y=x

(c)

y = 3x + 1

1
1

-1

(d)

y=x-1

(e)

(f)

y = 2x - 1

y = -x + 1

y
y = -x

-1

2 (a)

(b)

(c)

y = 2x + 1

y
y = 2x

y=x-2
2

x
-2

(d)

(e)

(f)

y=2-x

y
-1

y=-x+3

-1

y=-x-1

x
(g)

(h)

y
y=x+3

(i)

3
y = -x

-3
x

x
-1 y = 1 - 2x

Answers

461

3 (a) increasing (b) increasing (c) increasing (d) decreasing (e) decreasing (f) decreasing (g) increasing (h) decreasing (i) decreasing 4 (a) y = x 1
(b) y = x + 2 (c) y = 2x (d) y = x + 1 (e) y = 2x (f) y = x 1 5 1, 2, 0, 1, 0, 1 Yes
6 Yes, 3 parallel lines

y=x+1
y=x

y
-1

y=x-1
x
-1

7 (a) $8 (b) $4 (c) 3 tickets (d) 2 tickets (e) 3 = number of tickets; 6 = price of tickets (f) (5, 10) (7, 14) (g) No, difficult to buy 2.5 tickets
8 (a) $25 (b) $10 (c) 3 m (d) 1 m (e) 4 m, $20 (f) (6, 30) (8, 40) (3.5, 17.5) (g) yes, continuous data 9 (a) (i) 150 cm (ii) 160 cm (iii) 180 cm
(b) (i) 45 kg (ii) 50 kg (iii) 70 kg (c) (i) 55 kg, 170 cm (ii) 60 kg, 140 cm (iii) 60 kg, 170 cm (d) No, there is no linear relationship.
(e) All high school students were greater than 40 kg and greater than 140 cm.

Exercise 14.03
1 (a)

(b)

11

13

13

16

19

2 (a)

(c)

16

25

36

(b)

(c)

3 (a)

(d)

12

15

12

15

13

17

21

12

16

20

(b) 18, 36; 18, 36; 25, 49; 24, 48 (c) y = 3x, y = 3x, y = 4x + 1, y = 4x (d) 62, 62, 85, 84
4 (a)

y
12
9
6
3

y
20
15
10
5

9
6
3
x

1 2 3 4

1 2 3

all straight lines; linear relationship

y
12
8
4
x

1 2 3

1 2 3

(b) 3, 3, 4, 4 (c) all linear

5 (a)

(b)

-1

(d)

y=x+2

y = 2x - 1

(c)

1
x

-2

(e)

y=3x+1

(f)

y
y = 2x + 1

y=x-1

y
y = 3x

1
-1

462

Answers

(g)

(h)

(i) y

y
2

y = -x + 4

(b)

(d)

y
y = 2x + 2

y = -x - 2

-1

-2

(e)

y = -2x - 1
-1
2

(c)

y
-2

-1

y=x+1

y = -2x + 2

6 (a)

y = -x + 2

2
x

y=x-2

-1
-2

Exercise 14.04
1 (a) time and temperature; mass versus extension (b) independent = distance; cost is dependent on distance (c) cost of entrance not dependent on
time (d) (i) $9 (ii) $4 (iii) $14 (f) (i) 4 km (ii) 1.5 km (iii) 8 km (g) linear relationship. A straight line if we join the points (h) Yes, extrapolates in
both directions until graph hits vertical axis. (i) Theoretically we could travel as far as we want but would be restricted by the commitments of the
driver. (j) The smallest distance is 0 the line cuts the Cost axis at $2 when we initially hire the taxi (k) $2 (l) an extra $2 for every km travelled;
this gives the gradient of the line (m) no (n) C = 2d + 2 2 (a) $14 (b) $32 (c) 7 km (d) 20 km 3 (a) a straight line with gradient 3 and y intercept 2.
d

11

(c)

(d) (i) $17 (ii) $5 (iii) $38 (e) (i) 1 km (ii) 3 km (iii) 5 km (f) C = 3d + 2

(g) (i) $14 (ii) $38 (iii) 2 km (iv) 9 km

10

Cost ($)

(b)

8
6
4
2

d
1 2 3 4
Distance (km)

4 (a) straight line with gradient 1, cuts vertical axis at 2

(b)

(c)

(d) (i) $5 (ii) $7 (iii) $11 (e) (i) 1 km (ii) 6 km (iii) 10 km

(f) C = d + 2 (g) (i) $9 (ii) $15 (iii) 7 km (iv) 25 km

Cost ($)

5
4
3
2
1

d
1 2 3 4
Distance (km)

5 (a) Started at noon from 0 km (b) 10 km (c) Albert (d) the steeper the gradient, the faster the cyclist
6 (a) slowing down at a constant rate (b) decreasing (c) 20 m/s (d) 4 m/s (e) after 5 s (f) s = 4t + 20

Answers

463

7 (a)

y = 3x

y
4
3

y = 3x

(b)

y = 2x

y = -x

y=x

2
1

y = -3x y
y = -2x

y = 3x
4
3
2
1

1 2 3 4 x

-3 -2 -1

16
12

8
4

2.30
$

2.20
2.10

l
0 1 2 3 4
Length of square

1 2 3

3.80
3.80

km/n

Perimeter

8 (a) increasing (b) A (c) C (d) yes (e) 4 times 9 (a) A (b) C (c) negative 10 (a) Yes, the last table has 0 common difference.
p
(b)
p
p
s

3.60
3.40

4 m
Month

80
60
40

10.00 10.05 10.10 10.15 t

0

1 2 3 4
Month

(d) (i) P = 4l (ii) P = 0.1m + 1.9 (iii) P = 0.2m + 4.2 (iv) s = 80

11 (a) Yes, grows at a constant rate for the first 25 years. (b) linear (c)
Diameter in mm

12

13 (a)

6 7 8 9 10 11 t
Age in years

E
50
40
mm 30
20
10
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 L
g

464

5 10 15 20 25
Time in years

(a) As age increases, the height increases at a constant rate. (b) linear (c) growth rate 5 cm/year
(d) Rate changes during the teenage years but levels off around 18.

h
135
130
125
cm
120
115
110
100

(d) 380 mm

d
300
250
200
150
100
50

Answers

(c) The spring stretches at a constant rate with added rate.

(d) 50 mm. No. Heavier weights will stretch it much more.

Exercise 14.05
1 (a) x = 3 (b) y = 1 (c) x = 1 (d) y = 2 2 (a) x = 1 (b) y = 1 (c) x = 4 (d) y = 3 (e) y = 2 (f) x = 4 3 (a) y = 4, x = 2, x = 4, y = 1
(b) y= 2, x = 1, y = 3, x = 3
7x=0

y
x=3

y=2
y=1
y=0
x
y = -1

x=1

5y=0
2

x=0

x = -2

8 (a)

(b)

(2,3)

x = -4

(c)

x=3

y=3
y=3

(-4, 3)

2
3

-4

-2

y = -1

x=2

(d)

(e)

(f)

-1

(3,-1)

x=4
4

-2

(-2,-2)

-2

-1
x = -1

y = -2
x = -2

y=2

(-1, 2)

(4, -3)

-3

y = -3

9 (a) and (d); (b) and (e) 10 (a) (1, 9), (2, 0), (b) (2, 4), (2, 0) 11 (a) C (b) E (c) B (d) A (e) F (f) D
12 (a)

(b)

(c)

y
3

y=x+1

x+y=3
-2

y = -2x - 4

-4

(d)

(e)

y = 2x -2

(f)

y
3

x-y=2
2

-1

y = 3x + 3
-2

-2

Answers

465

(g)

(h)

(i)

3
2

y = 3x

(j)

y = -2x

(k)

(l) y
3

2x + 3y = 6

-2

x+y=4
4

x - y = -2

-1

-2

2x + 3y = 6

Exercise 14.06
1 (a) (2, 3) (b) (1, 3) (c) (4, 2) (d) (1, 1) (e) (1, 3) (f) (2, 2) 2 (a) (0, 0) (b) (0, 1) (c) (2, 0) (d) (1, 2) (e) (2, 2) (f) (0, 0) (g) (0, 1) (h) (i) (2, 2)
3 (a)
0

16

(c) nonlinear (d) (i) approx. 6 cm2 (ii) 16 cm2 (e) (i) 3 cm (ii) 3.5 cm

(b) A
16

v = l2

12
8
4
1

4 (a)

27

(b) v

(c) nonlinear (d) (i) 27 (ii) approx. 3.4 (e) (i) 2 cm (ii) approx.2.3

12
9
6

v = l3

3
0

5 (a)

(b) and (c)

2

l
y = 3x 2

y
4

y = 2x 2
y = x2

3
2

y = 12 x 2

1
-2 -1

466

Answers

6 (a)

(b)
2
8

-2 -1

0 1

-1

7 (a)

x
y = - 12 x 2

-2

(b)
8
6

y = x3

-3

y = -x 2

-4

y = -2x 2

2
-2

2
-2
-4
-6
-8

8 (a)

(b)

9 (a)

y
8
6

1
2

1
2

1
2

undefined

1
2

(b)

4
-2 -1

-2 -1

0 1 2

-1

y = 1x

-1

0 1

-2

y = 1x

-2

y = -x 3

-4
-6
-8

10 (a)

(b)
5 4

y = 25 - x

5
4
3
2

x 2 + y 2 = 25

1
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0
-1
-2
-3
-4

11 right angle 12 right angle m1m2 = 1,

2y

1
2

= 1 i.e. product of 2 gradients = 1

1 2 3 4 5 x

y = 25 - x 2

-5

Diagnostic Test
1 (a) (2, 3) (b) E(2, 3) (c) (3, 0) (d) (0, 2) (e) (1, 0) 2 (a) 1st (b) 2nd (c) 3rd 3 (a) 4 (b) 4 (c) 4 4 (a) isosceles triangle (b) rectangle
(c) right-angled triangle (d) parallelogram 5 5
6 (a)

(b)

(c)

y=x+1

y=2-x

-1

7 y = 3x

8 (a)

(b)

y
2

y = 2x -1

-1

(c)

y x-y=1

x+y=2
2

y
2

2x + 3y = 6

-1
3 x

Answers

467

(a) C = 2d + 2
d

10

14

18

(b)

(c) (i) $10 (ii) $16 (iii) $22

(d) (i) 4 km (ii) 2.5 km (iii) 13 km

20
16
12
$
8
4
2
0 2 4 6 8 10 d
km

10 (a) slowing down at a constant rate (b) decrease (c) 20 m/s (d) slowing at 4 m/s per second (e) after 5s (f) s = 4t + 20
11 (a) (b) (c)

x = 2, x = 1

12 (a) (2, 2) (b) (1, 2) (c) (2, 3)

3 y=3

13

x = -1

x=2

-1

x
y = 2x and y = 2x + 1

y y = 2x + 1

14

(0, 1)

(0, -1)

y = -2x +1

y = 2x

y = -x -1

15

y=x-1

non-linear

y
4
3
2
1

y = x2

-2 -1 0 1 2

Chapter 15: Congruence and Similarity

Getting Started
1 (i) (b) and (d); (c) and (e); (g) and (m); (h) and (k); (a) and (f); (j) and (l) (ii) (i) and (n) 2 (b) (i) XYZ (ii) RST (iii)PQR 3 AE = BE = CE
= DE same shape, same size 4 equal radii; same shape, same size 5 yes 6 (a) no (b) no 7 DEF, PRQ 8 not same shape

Exercise 15.01
1 Matching pairs: (a) and (d); (b) and (f); (c) and (g); (e) and (h); (i) and (k) 4 DEF, GHI, JKL 5 (a) (i) DEF, DE is equal to AB;
(ii) LNM, LN is equal to AB; (iii) RQP, QP is equal to AB (b) (iii) LJK, LK is equal to AC; (iv) MNO, MO is equal to AC
(c) (i) FED, DE is equal to BC; (iii) KLJ, JL is equal to BC 6 (a) ABD and CDB (b) FEG and HEG (c) IJK and KLI
7 (a) ABE, BCE, DEC, AED (b) ADC, BCD 8 All of the small triangles are congruent AFD, ADE, BFD, CDE, BDG, DGC;
All of the medium triangles are congruent ABD, ACD, BDC; All the large triangles are congruent AGB, AGC, ABE, BEC, AFC,
BFC 9 (a) ACD (b) LDC, AHB, ELD (c) EDK, BCK, JCD, FGE, AFI

Exercise 15.02
1 (a) length of 3 sides (b) a minimum of 3 measurements required 2 (a) yes (b) equal (c) equal 3 yes; 3 matching sides are equal
4 (a) yes (b) other two matching angles are equal; matching third side is equal 5 yes; 2 matching adjacent sides and the included angle are equal
6 (a) yes (b) 2 triangles are congruent (c) yes

468

Answers

7 (a) yes (b) no (c) yes (d) yes 8 (a) yes (b) no 10 (a) yes (b) yes (c) yes (d) yes 11 (a) SSS (b) AAS (c) not congruent (d) SAS (e) RHS (f) RHS
(g) AAS (h) AAS (i) not (j) SAS (k) SSS (l) not (m) AAS (n) RHS (o) not (p) not (q) AAS (r) SAS

Exercise 15.03
1 (a) SAS (b) SSS (c) AAS (d) AAS (e) RHS (f) SAS 2 (a) SAS (b) AAS (c) RHS (d) SAS (e) SAS (f) SAS (g) AAS (h) RHS (i) AAS (j) AAS
3 (a) RHS (b) SSS (c) AAS (d) SAS 4 (a) SAS (b) SAS (c) SSS (d) SSS 5 (a) SSS (b) SSS (c) AAS (d) SAS

Exercise 15.04
1 AAS 2 (a) AAS (b) AAS 3 (a) Since ABE

DEC (AAS) then DE = BE (b) AED

BEC (AAS) then DE = EB (c) Since ADB is isosceles

ADE = ABE = x . Since ABC is isosceles BAE = BCE = y. Since DAC is isosceles DAE = DCE = y. Hence 2x + 2y = 180,
therefore x + y = 90. Therefore AEB = AED = 90 4 (a) DBC
ABC = 90 (co-interior as AD//BC (b) ABD

ADC (SSS). Hence ADC = 90; DAB = 90 (co-interior as AB//DC.

DCA (SSS) (c) AC = DB (corresponding sides equal in congruent triangles)

5 (a) Since ADC is isosceles (AB =AD) ADB = ABD = x .Since ADC is isosceles (AB = BC) BAC = BCA = y
(b) Similarly DAC = y. Now 2x + 2y = 180, hence x + y = 90. Therefore AEB = AED = 90 = BEC

Exercise 15.05
1 (a) A, B, C (b) A and B (c) A and C (d) A, D (e) A 2 yes, yes, yes 4 (a) CAB = EFD, ABC = DEF, ACB = FDE
(b) DAB = FED, ABC = EDG, BCD = DGF, CDA = GFE (c) A = A; B = E; C = F; D = G (d) A = A; B = D;
C = E (e) A = E; B = F; C = G; D = H (f) A = G; B = H; C = I; D = J; E = B; E = K F = L
5 Corresponding sides are not in the same ratio. 6 (a) Corresponding angles are not equal. (b) corresponding angles are not equal 7 (a) 8 cm (b) 12 cm
(c) 3 cm by 2 cm (d) no 8 (a) A & B (b) A & B (c) A & C (d) A & C 9 (a) (i) 50 (ii) 3 , yes (b) (i) 1 (ii) yes (c) same shape; enlargement factor of 2
2

11 (a)
B

A
O
D

Exercise 15.06
1 (a) 9 (b) 6 (c) x = 25, y = 12 (d) x = 12, y = 42 (e) x = 9 (f) x = 5, y = 6 (g) x 12.8, y = 15 (h) x = 12.5, y = 4.8 2 (a) x = 8, y = 5 (b) x = 15
2
4
(c) x 12, y = 8 (d) x = 4.8, y = 15 (e) x = 6, y = 8 (f) x = 16, y = 16 (g) x = 10.5, y = 4 (h) x = 7.5, y = 10 3
7

Exercise 15.07
1

1 (a) (b) 32 m 2 75 m 3 d = 25 4 (a) x = 4 (b) x = 18 (c) x = 3 3 , y = 4.5 (d) x = 2.5, y = 4 5 vertically opposite, alternate angles, 66 3 m
6 (a) vertically opposite , 90 (b) 45m 7 2 corresponding angles x = 12, y = 2 8 (b) x = 3, y = 4 9 (b) x = 1, y = 8 10 (b) x = 7.5, y = 1.5

Exercise 15.08
1 half the size, inverted same size, inverted twice the size

Diagnostic Test
1 (a) and (c), (b) and (e), (d) and (f), (g) and (h) 2 JKJL, JL; MNO, ON 3 DE, DF, ABC, DFE 4 (a) SSS (b) RHS (c) not congruent
(d) SAS (e) AAS (f) not congruent (g) not congruent (h) SAS 5 (a) SSS (b) AAS 6 B 7 A 8 (a) T (b) F (c) T (d) F 9 (a) III (b) I, II and III
10 (a) I and II (b) I, II and III 11 (a) x = 9, y = 6 (b) x = 12, y = 18 12 24m 13 25 14 (a) vertical opposite and alternate angles (b) 36
15 (a) corresponding angles (b) x = 12, y = 2

Answers

469

Chapter 16: Revision Papers

Revision Paper 7
1 B 2 B 3 B 4 A 5 D 6 D 7 D 8 C 9 B 10 C 11 B 12 C 13 D 14 B 15 B 16 A 17 C 18 B 19 C 20 D 21 C 22 B 23 A 24 B 25 D
26 (a) 0.5 (b) 1 27 (a) 2.3 (b) 0.35 28 (a) 67 (b) 30 29 (a) 50 (b) x = 60, y = 30 30 (a) $32.00 (b) 5 kg 31 (a) 4(x 2) (b) 6ab 2 (2ab 1)
3

32 25.5 m 2 33 (a) 72 km/h (b) 13 L 34 (a) 14 (b) 39 (c) (i) 2 (ii) 7 35 5.8 36 (a) 3 (b) 19
6

37 16.1, parallel lines

2

-2

38 (a) 24 cm 2 (b) 72 cm 2 38 (a) 5 (b) 6.5 (c) 6 (d) 6 40 (a) 4 (b) 6 (c) 6 (d)
42 l = 32 cm, b = 16 cm 43 15 cm 44 (a) 4a 2 1 (b) 4a 2 + 4a + 1
45 (a)

(b) 90 m 46 12 + 8 cm 47 (a) p = 12 (b)

41 (a) 60 (b) x = 6, y = 7 (c) x = 6, y = 8

5
4
f

3
2

k = 11

1
4

48 (a) corresponding angles common angle (b) AD = 8 49 (a) SSS (b) CBA = CDA, BCA = DCA, BAC = DAC 50 SAS or SSS

Revision Paper 8
1 D 2 C 3 B 4 C 5 B 6 A 7 none of them 8 D 9 D 10 A 11 B 12 D 13 D 14 D 15 B 16 C 17 C 18 D 19 B 20 D 21 C 22 A 23 A 24 C 25 C
26 (a) 5 (b) 7 (c) 7 (d) 6.5 27

2
3

28 (a) 1 (b) 4mn(m 2n) 29 1 30 (a) k > 3 (b) p > 2 31 (a) 38 (b) 30 32 x = 1.5, y = 8 33 (a) 2 (b) 11 34 p = 8w + v
2m

35 (a ) x = 4.4 (b) x = 7 36 SAS 37 (a) DE (b) 4 km from home (c) stationary (d) 8 km (e) 16 km/h 38 288 cm 2 39 5
3
40

41 (a) yes, AAA (b) AAA, yes 42 6 43 4 44 (a) 6 (b) 5 (c) 5.16 (d) 5

4
(3,1)
x

3 4

45

46 I and III, II and IV 47 200 kg/ha 48 proof 49 Eve 56, Monica 14 50 proof

(0,1)
1

Revision Paper 9
1 A 2 C 3 C 4 A 5 C 6 C 7 A 8 D 9 A 10 A 11 C 12 A 13 A 14 D 15 C 16 A 17 B 18 D 19 C 20 A 21 C 22 C 23 A 24 B 25 C
5 y + 10
y +1
26 (a) (b) 27 1 28 1:20 29 6 30 (a) 11m (b)
(c)
32 (a) 96 m 2 (b) 51 m 2 (c) 34 bags 33 (a) 103.7 m 2
3

(b) $777.54 34 (a) 2 (b) 1 35 (a) 96 (b) 15 36 (a) 3a 2 + 2a 8 (b) 8a 4 37 128 cm3 38 120% 39 1.1 m 40 (a) (b) RHS
2

41 (a) AAA (b) common angle, 2 corresponding angles 42 3638 revs 43 (a) 10 y 2 + 14 y 12 (b) 9k 2 12k + 4 (c) 9k 2 4
44 11.2 m 45 6.9 cm 46 5 477 0.75 km 48 26.83 cm 49 1:1 50 25

470

Answers