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EnergySource SolarPower Howdoesitwork? Photovoltaiccellsconvertthe sunsenergyintoelectricity . Pros Cons Causeslittleenvironmental Theamountofpower impact converteddependsonthe Mechanical timeofday,timeofyear, generatorsare locationandweather notrequiredtocreateenergy conditions freetorun Expensivetosetup

WindPower

Airmoleculesmovethrough Producesno turbinesandtransfertheirkinetic pollutants energytomaketheturbinesspin. Freetorun

Affectsbirdpopulation Sincethewindisnt alwaysblowing,itdoesnot alwaysgenerateelectricity. Expensivetosetup.

HydroPower

Waterspinsturbineswhich makeeletricity 3mainwaystodoit: putitinswiftrivers putitunderwaterfalls Buildadamandthenrealease thewaterthroughtheturbine.

energyefficient clean renewable

Decreasesfish populations Disturbssurrounding environment wemustbuildadamtodo it

Biomass/Biofuels

Organicmaterialmadefrom plantsandanimals Itisbasicalyburningnatural thingstocreateheatorfuel.The heatisusedtoboilwaterandthe steamthenrisesandpowersa turbine,producingelectricity.

renewable safe biodegradable reduceairpollution

allreleaseCO2

GeothermalEnergy

Geothermalenergyisobtained byusingheatfromtheearths coretoheatgroundwater,which isthendistributedtohomesand businesses.Fordeeper reservoirs,thesuperheated water/steamispipedtothe surfacetopowerasteamturbine attachedtoagenerator.

Geothermalenergyisa goodalternativetofossil fuel,hasan(almost) unlimitedsupply,and producesnobyproduct I

Drillingforunderground reservoirsisbothexpensive andtimeconsuming, involvingheavymachinery andalargeimpactonthe surface.Geothermalenergy cannotbeused everywhere,duetothe absenceofplate boundaries.

Oil/Petroleum(fossil Wedrillforcrudeoilunderground Itisveryuseful.Weuse fuel) inreservoirs.Thiscrudeoilis petroleumforheating pumpedout,transportedand oil,jetfuel,tires, refinedintopetroleum.Weburn plastics,artificialheart thepetroleuminsteamturbines valves,eyeglassesand toproduceenergy.Theheatis ink.

Productionofpetroleum releasespollutantsand CO2harmingour environment,affecting peopleshealth,and disruptingearthsnatural

usedtoboilwaterandthesteam thenrisesandpowersaturbine, producingelectricity.

climate/carboncycle. Drillingaffectsmarineand landhabitats.Atsomepoint wewillrunoutofoil.

NaturalGas(fossil fuel)

Naturalgasisafossilfuelthatis burnedtogenerateelectricity. Theheatisusedtoboilwater andthesteamthenrisesand powersaturbine,producing electricity.

Naturalgasisrelied heavilyonforindustry andelectricity productionbecauseitis veryeffectiveand inexpensive.Itisalso usedasarawmaterial inpaint,fertilizer, plastics,dyes,photo film,medicines,and explosives. Coal,unlikemanyother energysources,is ratherabundantand inexpensive. Additionally,coalisalso versatile,havingthe abilitytobeinsolid, liquid,andgasform. Theliquidandgasform ofcoalburnscleaner, soitisbetterforthe environment.Because ofsuchcharacteristics, coalisalsoinexpensive totheconsumer. Comparedtofossil fuels,nuclearpoweris veryclean nopollutantsorCO producesmoreenergy

Burningnaturalgases releasespollutantslike carbondioxideintothe atmospherewhichaffects itssurroundings. Leakinggasesmaycause explosionsanddisrupt marineandlandhabitats.

Coal(fossilfuel)

Coal,mostlymadeupofcarbon, isacquiredthroughunderground mining.Afteritisacquired,itis oftentakentopowerplantsto burn,whichgenerateselectricity. Beforeitisburned,coalis cleanedoff,soitcanperformto itshighestpotential. Theheatisusedtoboilwater andthesteamthenrisesand powersaturbine,producing electricity.

Theburningofcoal releasescarbondioxide, sulfur(whichcanleadto sulfurdioxidewhen exposedtooxygenwhich canleadtoacidrain),and otherpollutants.The extractionprocessisalso harmfultotheenvironment. Itisalsoafossilfuelwhich isanonrenewable resource.

Nuclear/Uranium

Extractspowerfromatoms nucleusbymeansofnuclear fusionandnuclearfission. Nuclearfusionextractsenergy fromatomsbycombiningthem togethertoformalargeratom.

Disposingofthe radioactivewasteposes manydangerstohumans, wildlife,andplants radioactivewasteisnot biodegradable

Nuclearfissionextractsenergy fromatomsbysplittingapartone atomtoformmanysmallerones, thisformofextractionisalso usedinnuclearpowerplants. Electricityisproducedwhenthe heatfromthechainreactions heatwaterwhichproduces steamtoturnturbinesand generateelectricity.

nuclearplantsusescreens topreventfishfromentering theircoolingsystemsbut endsupkillingothermarine animals.

Whybuildahousewithoutelectricity? Cost/EconomicsTheUScostofenergyareincreasingrapidlysincetheindustrialage.Asofrightnowourcost ofelectricityis$1,200perhouseholdperyear.Theamountofkilowatthoursperyearweuse11,460andthe amountofkilowatthoursweusepermonthare955hours.Locallyasacity,notincludingcostsforprivateuse likehouses,Novatouses$373,000peryearfromPG&E.Asastateweuse250,348kilowatthoursperyear.As acountryweuse3,749,985kilowatthours.Asaneconomicstandpointtheamountofenergyweuseaffects greatlytheamountofmoneywespendasacountry,state,andcities.Theothermajorissuethatwehavevery slightlyaddressedasacountry,isthatourfossilfuelsarerunningout.Weonlyhave150yearsleftdepending weusethefossilfuelsatthesamerateweareusingitnow,andasaresultrenewableenergyisthebestwayto solvethisissueasofnow.

Climatechangehowdoesithappen?(greenhouseeffect,carboncycle,useofsunsenergy): Greenhousegasesincludecarbondioxide,watervapor,methane,nitrousoxideandseveralnonnaturalgases. Thesegasescanbeincreasedmainlybyhumanaction.Carbondioxideisproducednitrousoxidecanalsobe increasedbyburningfossilfuelsorwasteproductsduringagriculturalorindustrialprocesses.Methanegasis producedinlandfillsorfarmingduetodecompositionoforganicwaste.Greenhousegaseshavetheabilityto absorbandtrapheatintheEarth'satmosphere.Theprocesswherethermalradiationisabsorbedintothe

atmospherebecauseofthegasesiscalledthegreenhouseeffect.Iftherearemoregreenhousegasesinthe air,thetemperaturetypicallyincreasesandtheclimatechanges.Theheatandraysprovidedbythesunreflect offtheEarth'ssurfaceandistrappedbythelayerofgasespresentintheatmosphere.Someoftheheatisstill abletoescape,buttheplanetisdefinitelywarmerwiththisnecessaryprocessthathelpssustainlifeonEarth. Carbonisnaturallyinouratmosphereandisnaturallyreleasedandtakenininequalamounts.Itisreleasedby respirationanddecompositionandistakeninbyphotosynthesis.Butwhenpeopleburnfossilfuels,itreleases morecarbonintotheatmosphereandmakesthecycleunbalanced.Becauseofthis,anextra4gigatonsof carbonisaddedtotheatmosphereeveryyear.

ClimateChangeConsequenceswhatcouldhappenasaresultofthechangingclimate? Themorethegreenhouseeffectincreasesthewarmerthetemperaturesclosetotheearthare.Wecanseethat thetemperatureshavebeenrisingabout1*Coverthetimeof120years.

Themorethetemperatureincreasesthefastertheicecapsmeltinthepoles.Thisthenmixeswiththeocean water.Thisrisestheoceanandwatersdestroyingcoastalcitiesandenvironments.everyyeartheoceansrises 0.2ofaninch,ifthisratecontinuesitwillfloodcoastalcitiesanddestroyourenvironment.Aswellascreating floodingthewarmerwatersandalsoruinenvironmentsinthewater.Theothereffectisthatthewarmerwaters feedstormssuchashurricanes.Thiscanruinwholecitiesortowns.Lastlythemostknownfactisthatthe warmertemperaturescausedroughtincertainareas,andanabundantamountofrainfallinotherplaces.